Deeply buried mountain ridge high-speed railway tunnel capsule expansion deformation active control device and construction method

Abstract

The application provides a deep-buried mountain ridge high-speed rail tunnel capsule expansion deformation active control device and a construction method, and relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering. In view of the low grouting control precision in the prior art, the capsule expansion deformation active control device comprises a segmented capsule assembly arranged along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, a grouting control module and a monitoring module. The segmented capsule assembly comprises a support structure, a capsule bag and a separation ring. The support structure is provided with a grouting hole. The capsule bag is wrapped around the periphery of the support structure. The separation ring is used for dividing the capsule bag into a plurality of independent grouting cavities. The monitoring module collects tunnel deformation related parameters in real time. The grouting control module generates a partition control signal according to the tunnel deformation related parameters collected by the monitoring module. The grouting control module is further connected with the grouting hole through a grouting pipe and is used for performing targeted grouting on each independent grouting cavity according to the partition control signal. The grouting control precision of the capsule expansion deformation active control device is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering technology, and in particular to an active control device and construction method for the expansion and deformation of the plenum in a deep-buried high-speed railway tunnel in a mountainous area. Background Technology

[0002] Deeply buried high-speed railway tunnels in mountainous areas are prone to deformation problems such as tunnel convergence, settlement, and heave during construction and operation due to complex geological conditions and high ground stress. If the deformation exceeds the allowable range, it will seriously affect the stability of the tunnel structure and the safety of high-speed railway operation. Therefore, precise, efficient, and real-time deformation control of the tunnel surrounding rock and lining structure is a key technical aspect to ensure the long-term safe operation of deep-buried high-speed railway tunnels in mountainous areas.

[0003] Currently, active tunnel deformation control technologies mostly employ integral bag grouting support structures or integrally controlled grouting devices. The active control method typically involves pre-setting the grouting pressure and volume, and then performing a single, integral grouting of the bag based on the tunnel's deformation state. The overall expansion of the bag exerts a jacking effect on the surrounding rock. However, existing technologies cannot target grouting based on local tunnel deformation differences, easily leading to insufficient grouting in areas of large deformation and excessive grouting in areas of small deformation. Furthermore, they cannot be dynamically adjusted, resulting in poor grouting control accuracy.

[0004] Therefore, developing an active control device and construction method for the expansion and deformation of the burial chamber in a deep-buried high-speed railway tunnel is of great significance for improving the accuracy of grouting control. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the issue of low grouting control accuracy in existing technologies, this invention proposes an active control device for the expansion and deformation of the burial chamber in a deep-buried mountain high-speed railway tunnel, comprising: segmented burial chamber components arranged longitudinally along the tunnel, a grouting control module, and a monitoring module; The segmented bladder assembly includes a support structure, a bladder, and an isolation ring. The support structure has pre-drilled grouting holes, the bladder is wrapped around the support structure, and the isolation ring is used to divide the bladder into multiple independent grouting chambers. The monitoring module is installed inside the tunnel to collect tunnel deformation-related parameters in real time; The grouting control module is connected to the monitoring module and is used to generate zonal control signals based on the tunnel deformation-related parameters collected by the monitoring module. The grouting control module is also connected to the grouting holes through grouting pipes and is used to perform targeted grouting of each independent grouting cavity based on the zonal control signals.

[0006] Furthermore, the support structure includes steel pipes, and the grouting holes reserved on the steel pipes correspond one-to-one with each independent grouting cavity.

[0007] Furthermore, the bag is made of thermoplastic polyurethane composite fabric.

[0008] Furthermore, the thermoplastic polyurethane composite fabric is formed by hot pressing a synthetic fiber woven base fabric and a thermoplastic polyurethane film together, and the tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength of the thermoplastic polyurethane composite fabric meet the set conditions.

[0009] Furthermore, the isolation ring includes a rigid sealing clamp, which is used to divide the bladder into multiple independent grouting chambers to axially seal and isolate adjacent grouting chambers.

[0010] Furthermore, the monitoring module includes multiple deformation monitoring sensors, the positions of which correspond one-to-one with the positions of each independent grouting cavity. The deformation monitoring sensors are used to collect tunnel deformation-related parameters in the corresponding independent grouting cavity's working area.

[0011] This invention also proposes a construction method for an active control device for the expansion and deformation of a capsule in a deep-buried high-speed railway tunnel, wherein the active control device for the expansion and deformation of a capsule in a deep-buried high-speed railway tunnel as described in any of the above claims is constructed, and the construction method includes: S1. Install monitoring modules inside the tunnel and establish a signal connection between the monitoring modules and the grouting control module; S2. Based on tunnel deformation monitoring data, determine the deformation treatment section, and use minimally invasive tunneling equipment to construct directional installation holes in the surrounding rock of the deformation treatment section; S3. Place the prefabricated segmented capsule assembly into the directional mounting hole; S4. Connect the grouting control module to the grouting hole in the segmented bladder assembly via the grouting pipeline; S5. Based on real-time working conditions, targeted grouting is carried out on each independent grouting cavity through the grouting control module to drive the expansion of the bladder to generate jacking force and correct uneven deformation of the tunnel. S6. After grouting is completed, pressure is maintained and stabilized. Once the bladder expands and the tunnel deformation reaches the standard, the grouting pipeline is sealed to complete the active control of tunnel deformation.

[0012] Furthermore, in S5, based on real-time working conditions, targeted grouting is implemented in each independent grouting cavity through the grouting control module, including: determining the grouting material, grouting pressure and grouting volume of each independent grouting cavity based on geological conditions, bladder specifications and real-time acquisition of tunnel deformation-related parameters by the monitoring module, thereby achieving dynamic control of targeted grouting.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The active control device for the expansion and deformation of the grout in a deep-buried mountain high-speed railway tunnel provided by this invention includes: a segmented grout assembly arranged longitudinally along the tunnel, a grouting control module, and a monitoring module. The segmented grout assembly includes a support structure, a grout bag, and an isolation ring. Grouting holes are pre-drilled on the support structure, the grout bag wraps around the support structure, and the isolation ring divides the grout bag into multiple independent grouting chambers. The monitoring module is installed inside the tunnel to collect tunnel deformation-related parameters in real time. The grouting control module is connected to the monitoring module and generates zonal control signals based on the tunnel deformation-related parameters collected by the monitoring module. The grouting control module is also connected to the grouting holes via grouting pipes to perform targeted grouting of each independent grouting chamber according to the zonal control signals. By using isolation rings to divide the grout bag into multiple axially sealed, non-cross-grouting independent grouting chambers, differentiated control can be implemented for uneven deformation of different sections and degrees in the tunnel, solving the problem that traditional integral grouting cannot adapt to uneven deformation, and significantly improving control accuracy. In addition, the grouting control module generates zoned control signals based on real-time deformation parameters, and performs dynamic targeted grouting on each independent grouting cavity to achieve real-time, adaptive, and active control of tunnel deformation, which is beneficial to improving control accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the active control device for the expansion and deformation of the plenum in a deep-buried mountain high-speed railway tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the segmented capsule assembly in the active control device for the expansion and deformation of the capsule in a deep-buried mountain high-speed railway tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the construction method of the active control device for the expansion and deformation of the plenum in a deep-buried mountain high-speed railway tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1-segmented capsule assembly, 2-grouting control module, 3-monitoring module, 11-support structure, 12-capsule, 13-isolation ring, 111-grouting hole, 4-grouting pipe, 5-grout. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0018] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

[0019] To address the issue of low grouting control precision in existing technologies, this invention provides an active control device for cyst expansion and deformation, comprising: segmented cyst components arranged longitudinally along the tunnel, a grouting control module, and a monitoring module. The segmented cyst components include a support structure, a cyst bag, and an isolation ring. Grouting holes are pre-drilled in the support structure, the cyst bag wraps around the support structure, and the isolation ring divides the cyst bag into multiple independent grouting chambers. The monitoring module collects tunnel deformation-related parameters in real time. The grouting control module generates zonal control signals based on the tunnel deformation-related parameters collected by the monitoring module. The grouting control module is also connected to the grouting holes via grouting pipes for targeted grouting of each independent grouting chamber according to the zonal control signals. The active control device for cyst expansion and deformation in this invention achieves high grouting control precision.

[0020] Example 1 This invention provides an active control device for the expansion and deformation of the capsule in a deep-buried high-speed railway tunnel in a mountainous area. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the active control device for the expansion and deformation of the plenum in a deep-buried mountain high-speed railway tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the segmented capsule assembly in the active control device for the expansion and deformation of the capsule in a deep-buried mountain high-speed railway tunnel provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the active control device for bladder expansion and deformation includes: a segmented bladder assembly 1 arranged longitudinally along the tunnel, a grouting control module 2, and a monitoring module 3; the segmented bladder assembly 1 includes a support structure 11, a bladder bag 12, and an isolation ring 13. The support structure 11 has a reserved grouting hole 111. The bladder bag 12 is wrapped around the support structure 11. The isolation ring 13 is used to divide the bladder bag 12 into multiple independent grouting chambers; the monitoring module 3 is arranged inside the tunnel and is used to collect tunnel deformation-related parameters in real time; the grouting control module 2 is connected to the monitoring module 3 and is used to generate zoning control signals based on the tunnel deformation-related parameters collected by the monitoring module 3; the grouting control module 2 is also connected to the grouting hole 111 through a grouting pipe 4 and is used to perform targeted grouting of each independent grouting chamber according to the zoning control signals.

[0021] The segmented bladder assembly 1 is a bladder-type support structure used to apply directional jacking force to the surrounding rock of the tunnel and achieve segmented deformation control. It is the core actuator of the active control device for bladder expansion deformation. The grouting control module 2 is used to receive monitoring data, generate zonal control signals, and drive targeted grouting operations. The monitoring module 3 is a sensing component deployed inside the tunnel, used to collect tunnel deformation parameters in real time and provide a data basis for the grouting control module. The support structure 11 is the rigid skeleton component of the segmented bladder assembly, used to provide structural support, open grouting channels, and fix the bladders. The grouting hole 111 is a through hole opened on the support structure, a dedicated flow channel for grout to enter the corresponding grouting cavity. The bladder 12 is an expansion cavity component made of high-strength elastic sealing material, used to contain grout and expand after grouting to generate a jacking effect. The isolation ring 13 is a sealing and fastening component used for axial sealing and separating the bladders, so that the bladders form grouting cavities that do not cross-pressure and operate independently. Grouting pipe 4 is a conveying component used to connect the grouting control module and the grouting hole; it is a dedicated pipeline for grout transmission.

[0022] Segmented bladder components are pre-deployed along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and monitoring modules are installed inside the tunnel. The monitoring modules collect tunnel deformation-related parameters in real time for the corresponding areas and transmit them to the grouting control module. The grouting control module generates zoned control signals that match each grouting cavity based on the deformation parameters. Subsequently, the grouting control module delivers grout to the grouting holes of the supporting structure through grouting pipes and performs targeted grouting on each independent grouting cavity according to the zoned control signals, causing the bladders to expand directionally and generate thrust, thereby achieving precise correction of uneven tunnel deformation.

[0023] The active control device for the expansion and deformation of the grout in a deep-buried mountain high-speed railway tunnel provided in this embodiment includes: a segmented grout assembly arranged longitudinally along the tunnel, a grouting control module, and a monitoring module. The segmented grout assembly includes a support structure, a grout bag, and an isolation ring. Grouting holes are pre-drilled on the support structure, the grout bag wraps around the support structure, and the isolation ring divides the grout bag into multiple independent grouting chambers. The monitoring module is installed inside the tunnel to collect tunnel deformation-related parameters in real time. The grouting control module is connected to the monitoring module and generates zonal control signals based on the tunnel deformation-related parameters collected by the monitoring module. The grouting control module is also connected to the grouting holes via grouting pipes to perform targeted grouting on each independent grouting chamber according to the zonal control signals. By using isolation rings to divide the grout bag into multiple axially sealed, non-cross-grouting independent grouting chambers, differentiated control can be implemented for uneven deformation of different sections and degrees in the tunnel, solving the problem that traditional integral grouting cannot adapt to uneven deformation, and significantly improving control accuracy. In addition, the grouting control module generates zoned control signals based on real-time deformation parameters, and performs dynamic targeted grouting on each independent grouting cavity to achieve real-time, adaptive, and active control of tunnel deformation, which is beneficial to improving control accuracy.

[0024] Specifically, the support structure includes steel pipes, with pre-drilled grouting holes corresponding one-to-one with each independent grouting chamber. Each independent grouting chamber has its own dedicated grouting hole for supplying grout, and different grouting chambers do not share grouting holes. This achieves independent grouting supply for each chamber, ensuring that the grouting pressure and volume of each chamber can be individually controlled without interference or cross-contamination, enabling precise matching of targeted treatment needs for localized tunnel deformation. Furthermore, the steel pipes, as rigid supports, ensure that the grouting holes do not deform or become clogged under high-pressure grouting, improving the overall reliability and service life of the device.

[0025] Based on the above embodiments, the bladder is made of thermoplastic polyurethane composite fabric. Thermoplastic polyurethane composite fabric is a high-molecular composite flexible material with good tensile properties, sealing properties and anti-aging properties. During the grouting process, it can generate controllable expansion with the injection of grout. After expansion, it can apply a stable and uniform jacking force to the surrounding rock, while ensuring reliable sealing between each independent grouting cavity, preventing grout leakage and bladder breakage. It is suitable for the long-term deformation control conditions of high ground stress and complex geology in deep-buried mountain high-speed railway tunnels.

[0026] Specifically, the thermoplastic polyurethane composite fabric is formed by hot pressing a synthetic fiber woven base fabric with a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength of the thermoplastic polyurethane composite fabric meet the set conditions.

[0027] Synthetic fiber woven base fabric refers to a reinforcing substrate made of synthetic fibers through weaving. It serves as the skeleton layer of composite fabrics, improving the tensile strength, tear resistance, and structural stability of the material. Thermoplastic polyurethane membrane refers to a flexible polymer membrane material made of thermoplastic polyurethane. It serves as a sealing and elastic layer for composite fabrics, providing sealing, leak-proof, and expandable / deformable functions.

[0028] For example, high-strength TPU composite fabric is made by hot-pressing a 500D–2000D nylon or polyester woven base fabric with a single-sided or double-sided TPU film. Its tensile strength is 15–30MPa, elongation at break is 300%–600%, thickness is 0.15mm–0.4mm, tensile strength is 25-35MPa, and tear strength is greater than 20N / mm. The above parameters are the set conditions to meet the usage requirements, which can ensure that the bag has sufficient structural strength, deformation capacity and sealing reliability during grouting expansion and long-term support.

[0029] Specifically, the isolation ring includes a rigid sealing clamp, which is used to divide the bladder into multiple independent grouting chambers so that adjacent grouting chambers are axially sealed and isolated.

[0030] Rigid sealing clamps are fastening and sealing components made of rigid materials. They achieve suffix sealing and segmentation through clamping force. The rigid sealing clamps wrap around the outside of the supporting structure and the suffix in a clamping manner, spaced at intervals along the axial direction of the suffix. Through rigid compression, the suffix is ​​tightly fitted to the supporting structure, dividing the continuous suffix into multiple independent, axially sealed grouting chambers. During grouting, each chamber receives and expands independently, and the clamps prevent grout exchange and pressure transmission between adjacent chambers. This achieves independent sealing and segmentation of multiple suffix sections, forming independent grouting units that do not cross-contaminate grout or pressure, allowing for precise segmented control of localized tunnel deformation.

[0031] The monitoring module includes multiple deformation monitoring sensors, the positions of which correspond one-to-one with the positions of each independent grouting cavity. The deformation monitoring sensors are used to collect tunnel deformation-related parameters in the corresponding independent grouting cavity's working area.

[0032] Deformation monitoring sensors are the core detection components of the monitoring module, used to directly acquire deformation data of the tunnel's surrounding rock or lining. The deployment area of ​​each deformation monitoring sensor is spatially matched and precisely aligned with the working area of ​​an independent grouting chamber. Tunnel deformation-related parameters are physical quantities characterizing the tunnel's deformation state, including displacement, convergence, settlement, heave, and deformation rate.

[0033] Multiple deformation monitoring sensors are deployed inside the tunnel, each corresponding to an independent grouting cavity. Each sensor collects real-time tunnel deformation data for its assigned area. The monitoring module transmits the collected local deformation parameters to the grouting control module, providing precise and corresponding data for zoned targeted grouting. This allows the grouting control module to control the corresponding grouting cavity to perform grouting and jacking operations based on the actual deformation state of each area. This achieves precise matching between deformation monitoring and the grouting area, avoiding control errors caused by generalized global monitoring. Simultaneously, it can accurately identify localized uneven deformation, providing reliable data support for targeted grouting and significantly improving deformation correction accuracy.

[0034] Example 2 This invention also provides a construction method for an active control device for the expansion and deformation of a capsule in a deep-buried high-speed railway tunnel, which is used to construct the active control device for the expansion and deformation of a capsule in a deep-buried high-speed railway tunnel. Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the construction method for the active control device for the expansion and deformation of the tunnel body in a deep-buried mountain high-speed railway tunnel provided in this embodiment of the invention, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the construction method specifically includes the following steps: S1. Install monitoring modules inside the tunnel and establish a signal connection between the monitoring modules and the grouting control module; S2. Based on tunnel deformation monitoring data, determine the deformation treatment section, and use minimally invasive tunneling equipment to construct directional installation holes in the surrounding rock of the deformation treatment section; S3. Place the prefabricated segmented capsule assembly into the directional mounting hole; S4. Connect the grouting control module to the grouting hole in the segmented bladder assembly via the grouting pipeline; S5. Based on real-time working conditions, targeted grouting is carried out on each independent grouting cavity through the grouting control module to drive the expansion of the bladder to generate jacking force and correct uneven deformation of the tunnel. S6. After grouting is completed, pressure is maintained and stabilized. Once the bladder expands and the tunnel deformation reaches the standard, the grouting pipeline is sealed to complete the active control of tunnel deformation.

[0035] Tunnel deformation monitoring data refers to the basic data set used to determine the condition of tunnel defects, including deformation location, deformation amount, deformation trend, geological conditions, and surrounding rock grade. Deformation treatment sections refer to the axially segmented areas of the tunnel identified through monitoring that require deformation correction and reinforcement; these are the targets of this device's construction and operation. Minimally invasive tunneling equipment refers to small drilling instruments that cause minimal disturbance to the surrounding rock and achieve high drilling accuracy. Directional installation holes refer to surrounding rock holes precisely shaped according to design angles and depths, used to house segmented capsule components and provide installation space for the device.

[0036] Monitoring modules are deployed inside the tunnel and connected to the grouting control module. Based on tunnel deformation monitoring data, deformation treatment sections are determined. Minimally invasive tunneling equipment is used to precisely construct directional installation holes in the corresponding surrounding rock, and prefabricated segmented capsule components are then placed into the holes. Simultaneously, grouting pipelines connect the grouting control module to the grouting holes of the segmented capsule components. During construction, the grouting control module performs targeted grouting on each independent grouting cavity according to real-time working conditions, causing the capsules to expand directionally and generate thrust to correct uneven tunnel deformation. After grouting is completed, pressure is maintained and stabilized. Once the capsules have expanded and the tunnel deformation meets design requirements, the grouting pipelines are sealed, completing the entire process of active tunnel deformation control.

[0037] Specifically, based on real-time working conditions, targeted grouting is implemented in each independent grouting cavity through the grouting control module. This includes determining the grouting material, grouting pressure, and grouting volume for each independent grouting cavity by using geological conditions, grout bag specifications, and real-time collection of tunnel deformation-related parameters by the monitoring module, thereby achieving dynamic control of targeted grouting.

[0038] Based on real-time working conditions, grouting operation control is carried out. The grouting control module comprehensively considers the on-site geological conditions, the specifications of the grouting bag itself, and the tunnel deformation-related parameters collected in real time by the monitoring module. Through data analysis and processing, the type of grouting material, the grouting pressure, and the grouting volume corresponding to each independent grouting cavity are determined. Targeted grouting is then performed on each independent grouting cavity according to the parameters determined above, thereby completing the dynamic control of targeted grouting.

[0039] The dynamic control method in this embodiment enables the grouting operation to be highly matched with the actual deformation state of the tunnel and the on-site geological conditions, realizing differentiated and precise control of each independent grouting cavity, effectively improving the deformation correction accuracy and control reliability, avoiding the problems of over-grouting or under-grouting, and ensuring more stable and efficient active control of the tunnel's uneven displacement.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An active control device for the expansion and deformation of a capsule in a deep-buried high-speed railway tunnel in a mountainous area, characterized in that, include: Segmented capsule components, grouting control modules, and monitoring modules are arranged longitudinally along the tunnel. The segmented bladder assembly includes a support structure, a bladder, and an isolation ring. The support structure has pre-drilled grouting holes, the bladder is wrapped around the support structure, and the isolation ring is used to divide the bladder into multiple independent grouting chambers. The monitoring module is installed inside the tunnel to collect tunnel deformation-related parameters in real time; The grouting control module is connected to the monitoring module and is used to generate zonal control signals based on the tunnel deformation-related parameters collected by the monitoring module. The grouting control module is also connected to the grouting holes through grouting pipes and is used to perform targeted grouting of each independent grouting cavity based on the zonal control signals.

2. The active control device for the expansion and deformation of the capsule in a deep-buried mountain high-speed railway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supporting structure includes steel pipes, with pre-drilled grouting holes on the steel pipes corresponding one-to-one with each independent grouting cavity.

3. The active control device for the expansion and deformation of the capsule in a deep-buried mountain high-speed railway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bag is made of thermoplastic polyurethane composite fabric.

4. The active control device for the expansion and deformation of the capsule in a deep-buried mountain high-speed railway tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, Thermoplastic polyurethane composite fabric is formed by hot pressing a synthetic fiber woven base fabric and a thermoplastic polyurethane film together. The tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength of the thermoplastic polyurethane composite fabric meet the set conditions.

5. The active control device for the expansion and deformation of the capsule in a deep-buried mountain high-speed railway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation ring includes a rigid sealing clamp, which is used to divide the bladder into multiple independent grouting chambers so that adjacent grouting chambers are axially sealed and isolated.

6. The active control device for the expansion and deformation of the capsule in a deep-buried mountain high-speed railway tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring module includes multiple deformation monitoring sensors, the positions of which correspond one-to-one with the positions of each independent grouting cavity. The deformation monitoring sensors are used to collect tunnel deformation-related parameters in the corresponding independent grouting cavity's working area.

7. A construction method for an active control device for the expansion and deformation of a capsule in a deep-buried high-speed railway tunnel, comprising the construction of the active control device for the expansion and deformation of a capsule in a deep-buried high-speed railway tunnel as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that... The construction method includes: S1. Install monitoring modules inside the tunnel and establish a signal connection between the monitoring modules and the grouting control module; S2. Based on tunnel deformation monitoring data, determine the deformation treatment section, and use minimally invasive tunneling equipment to construct directional installation holes in the surrounding rock of the deformation treatment section; S3. Place the prefabricated segmented capsule assembly into the directional mounting hole; S4. Connect the grouting control module to the grouting hole in the segmented bladder assembly via the grouting pipeline; S5. Based on real-time working conditions, targeted grouting is carried out on each independent grouting cavity through the grouting control module to drive the expansion of the bladder to generate jacking force and correct uneven deformation of the tunnel. S6. After grouting is completed, pressure is maintained and stabilized. Once the bladder expands and the tunnel deformation reaches the standard, the grouting pipeline is sealed to complete the active control of tunnel deformation.

8. The construction method of the active control device for the expansion and deformation of the capsule in a deep-buried mountain high-speed railway tunnel according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S5, based on real-time operating conditions, targeted grouting is performed on each independent grouting cavity through the grouting control module, including: Based on geological conditions, grout bag specifications, and real-time collection of tunnel deformation-related parameters by the monitoring module, the grouting material, grouting pressure, and grouting volume of each independent grouting cavity are determined, thereby achieving dynamic control of targeted grouting.

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