Isolated lining support device

Abstract

The application relates to an isolated lining support device, which comprises an outer supporting structure body, a first containing space, and a first opening communicated with the first containing space arranged at the lower end of the outer supporting structure body; an inner lining structure body arranged in the first containing space; an isolation structure arranged between the inner lining structure body and the outer supporting structure body; an adjusting support structure arranged below the inner lining structure body, which is used for adjusting the structure state of the inner lining structure body; and a bearing structure arranged at the lower end of the outer supporting structure body to block the first opening; the bearing structure is used for supporting the inner lining structure body and the isolation structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel engineering technology, and in particular to isolated lining support devices. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of railway tunnel construction in my country, the geological environments that tunnel projects need to traverse are becoming increasingly complex and diverse. Among them, the treatment technology of the underlying goaf has become an area that urgently needs breakthroughs. Tunnel construction and operation, as well as mining activities in the goaf, will disturb the surrounding rock, causing rock strata activation and collapse, which in turn leads to risks such as tunnel deformation and settlement, outline intrusion into the clearance limit, and uneven stress on the lining, seriously threatening the tunnel construction quality and operational safety.

[0003] Among the relevant technologies, the treatment schemes for the goaf under the tunnel mainly include grouting, backfilling, lining reinforcement, and crossing methods, but all of them have different degrees of technical defects.

[0004] For example, the method of using support piles and grouting steel pipes to form a support system is only suitable for working conditions where the goaf is close to the tunnel. It is difficult to cope with large-scale deep-buried goaf areas, and the grouting volume and process requirements are high, resulting in great construction uncertainty.

[0005] The method of using a beam-type spanning structure has stringent requirements on the spatial relationship between the tunnel and the goaf. It requires the tunnel to pass directly below the goaf and rely on the stable and reliable rock mass on both sides, thus limiting its applicability to geological conditions.

[0006] The method of using a composite layer structure of corrugated steel plates and reinforced concrete is complex to construct, damages the original structure of the initial support and changes its stress state, and reduces the tunnel clearance height, increasing the risk of exceeding limits.

[0007] In summary, the methods in the relevant technologies have a narrow scope of application and poor construction controllability, making it difficult to meet the needs of the increasingly complex geological environment of the underlying goaf of tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Based on this, an isolation lining support device is provided, which has a wide range of applications and good construction controllability, and can meet the needs of increasingly complex geological environments in the underlying goaf of tunnels.

[0009] An isolated lining support device, comprising:

[0010] The outer support structure has a first accommodating space, and the lower end of the outer support structure has a first opening communicating with the first accommodating space.

[0011] The inner lining structure is located within the first accommodating space;

[0012] An isolation structure is sandwiched between the inner lining structure and the outer support structure;

[0013] An adjustable support structure is disposed below the inner lining structure, the adjustable support structure being used to adjust the structural position of the inner lining structure; and

[0014] A load-bearing structure is disposed at the lower end of the outer support structure to seal the first opening; the load-bearing structure is used to support the inner lining structure and the isolation structure.

[0015] In one embodiment, the adjustable support structure includes an adjustable support plate and a plurality of adjustable members; the plurality of adjustable members are spaced apart along a first direction and / or a second direction;

[0016] The adjusting support plate is connected to the lower end of the inner lining structure, and a plurality of adjusting members are respectively disposed below the adjusting support plate. The adjusting members are used to push the adjusting support plate upward, so that the adjusting support plate drives the inner lining structure to move; wherein, the adjusting members are used to adjust the vertical position of the inner lining structure and / or the horizontal posture of the inner lining structure.

[0017] The side wall of the adjustment support plate has a preset gap with the inner wall of the first accommodating space.

[0018] In one embodiment, the adjusting support structure further includes at least one pad disposed between the adjusting member and the load-bearing structure.

[0019] In one embodiment, the adjusting support structure further includes at least one reinforcing member, the two ends of which are respectively connected to the adjusting support plate and the inner lining structure.

[0020] In one embodiment, the adjusting support plate has at least one first maintenance channel in the vertical direction;

[0021] The inner lining structure has a cavity, and at least one second maintenance channel is provided at the lower end of the inner lining structure, the second maintenance channel being connected to the cavity;

[0022] The first maintenance channel and the second maintenance channel are connected to each other.

[0023] The inner lining structure located within the cavity has side drainage channels.

[0024] In one embodiment, a conveying mechanism disposed within the cavity is further included. The conveying mechanism includes a track support and a track. The track support is connected to the inner lining structure, and the track is disposed on the track support.

[0025] In one embodiment, the isolation structure includes a void isolation layer and a fill isolation layer;

[0026] The inner lining structure and the outer support structure are spaced apart to form the void isolation layer, and the filling isolation layer fills part of the void isolation layer.

[0027] In one embodiment, a reinforcement layer is also included, the reinforcement layer covering at least a portion of the first accommodating space;

[0028] The reinforcing layer includes at least one layer of steel plate, which is corrugated.

[0029] In one embodiment, a plurality of reinforcing rods are also included, one end of which passes through the first accommodating space of the outer support structure and is connected to the reinforcing layer;

[0030] The reinforcing rod is connected to the crest position of the reinforcing layer.

[0031] In one embodiment, the load-bearing structure includes a foundation reinforcement layer, multiple support piles, and a support platform;

[0032] Multiple support piles extend vertically and are spaced apart in the horizontal plane. The lower end of each support pile is anchored in the foundation reinforcement layer, and the upper end of each support pile extends into the first opening and is fixedly connected to the support platform.

[0033] The support platform is used to support at least one of the adjustable support structure, the inner lining structure, and the isolation structure.

[0034] The aforementioned isolated lining support device does not depend on the specific spatial relationship between the tunnel and the goaf. It can be effectively applied regardless of the distance between the goaf and the tunnel, whether it is buried in a large area or has other complex distribution conditions. This broadens the scope of application and can cope with the increasingly complex geological environment of the goaf under the tunnel.

[0035] During construction, by rationally designing the structure and construction process of each part, such as the outer support structure, inner lining structure, isolation structure, adjustment support structure, and load-bearing structure, the uncertainty of construction is reduced, the construction quality can be better controlled, and the stability and reliability of construction can be improved.

[0036] The isolation structure physically separates the inner lining structure from the outer support structure, which is prone to instability, thus reducing the direct transmission of deformation from the outer support structure to the inner lining structure. Simultaneously, the adjustable support structure can actively and precisely adjust the position of the inner lining structure to accommodate the control needs of uneven settlement and tilting deformation. During operation, when settlement or tilting deformation occurs in the goaf, the structure can minimize the adverse effects of outer deformation within the reserved space, reducing risks such as tunnel deformation settlement, contour intrusion into the clearance limits, and uneven stress damage to the lining, effectively ensuring tunnel construction quality and long-term operational safety.

[0037] During construction, it can reduce disturbance to the outer support structure, adapt to the stress state of the outer support, reduce the impact on the tunnel clearance height under the condition of reserving the activity space, reduce the risk of tunnel exceeding limits, and is more conducive to the long-term stable operation of the tunnel. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an isolated lining support device in an exemplary embodiment.

[0039] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram at point A is shown.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an isolated lining support device in an exemplary embodiment.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a top view of a cavity in an exemplary embodiment.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable support structure in an exemplary embodiment.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforcement layer in an exemplary embodiment.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the load-bearing structure in an exemplary embodiment.

[0045] Figure label:

[0046] 1. Outer support structure; 11. First accommodating space; 111. Pre-set gap; 12. First opening;

[0047] 2. Inner lining structure; 21. Cavity; 22. Second maintenance access;

[0048] 3. Isolation structure; 31. Void isolation layer; 32. Filling isolation layer;

[0049] 4. Adjustable support structure; 41. Adjustable support plate; 411. First maintenance passage; 412. Enclosure plate; 413. Hanging ladder; 42. Adjustable parts; 43. Pad plate; 44. Reinforcing parts;

[0050] 5. Load-bearing structure; 51. Support piles; 52. Support platform; 521. Side walls; 522. Support beams; 523. Horizontal bracing steel rods; 524. Horizontal bracing beams; 525. Circulation space; 53. Foundation reinforcement layer;

[0051] 6. Conveying mechanism; 61. Track support; 62. Track;

[0052] 7. Side drainage ditch;

[0053] 8. Reinforcement layer;

[0054] 9. Reinforcing bar. Detailed Implementation

[0055] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0056] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0057] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0058] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0059] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0060] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0061] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, an isolated lining support device is applied to underground lining engineering in an underlying goaf area. This isolated lining support device improves the stress state of the outer support through physical isolation of the inner and outer structural layers combined with adjustable bottom support. At the same time, it can actively regulate the structural position of the inner lining layer to offset the settlement and tilting deformation caused by the collapse of the goaf area, ensuring the safe operation of the structure.

[0062] The isolated lining support device includes an outer support structure 1, an inner lining structure 2, an isolation structure 3, an adjustable support structure 4, and a load-bearing structure 5.

[0063] The outer support structure 1 is an arched peripheral load-bearing structure, serving as the main peripheral load-bearing component of the overall structure and adapting to the stress patterns of the surrounding rock in underground engineering. The arched structure can evenly distribute the pressure from the upper surrounding rock, enhancing the stability of the peripheral load-bearing structure.

[0064] The outer support structure 1 has a first accommodating space 11 for providing installation and movement space for the inner components. The lower end of the outer support structure 1 has a first opening 12 communicating with the first accommodating space 11 for the construction and installation of the bottom components. In this embodiment, the outer support structure 1 can adopt an initial support structure, such as a shotcrete layer, steel arch frame, and anchor bolts.

[0065] The inner lining structure 2 is located within the first accommodating space 11. The inner lining structure 2 is, for example, a secondary lining, constructed of reinforced concrete, and serves as a permanent load-bearing structure during the tunnel's operation.

[0066] The isolation structure 3 is sandwiched between the inner lining structure 2 and the outer support structure 1. Through physical isolation, the stable secondary lining is decoupled from the potentially unstable surrounding rock and initial support, preventing the deformation of the outer support structure 1 from being directly transmitted to the inner lining structure 2.

[0067] The adjusting support structure 4 is located below the inner lining structure 2. The adjusting support structure 4 is used to adjust the structural position of the inner lining structure 2, actively and precisely adjusting the elevation changes of the secondary lining, effectively addressing uneven settlement and tilting of the lining, and reducing the impact on the tunnel construction clearance while allowing for some flexibility. In some feasible implementations, the adjusting support structure 4 may include adjustable-height hydraulic jacks, screw jacks, or other adjustable support components, enabling real-time control of the position of the inner lining structure 2 through precise control of the support height.

[0068] The load-bearing structure 5 is located at the lower end of the outer support structure 1 to seal the first opening 12. The load-bearing structure 5 supports the inner lining structure 2 and the isolation structure 3, forming a stable bottom load-bearing foundation. In some feasible embodiments, the load-bearing structure 5 may be made of steel plate, concrete slab, or a composite structure, and its upper surface may be provided with a base for installing the adjustable support structure 4.

[0069] During construction, the initial tunnel support, namely the outer support structure 1, is constructed first, forming an arched outer bearing structure with a first accommodating space 11 and a first opening 12. Then, the bearing structure 5 is installed in place through the first opening 12 and the opening is sealed. Subsequently, the isolation structure 3 and the inner lining structure 2 are installed sequentially within the first accommodating space 11, and an adjusting support structure 4 is installed at the bottom. Finally, the inner lining structure 2 is adjusted and fixed using the adjusting support structure 4, completing the construction of the overall structure.

[0070] During operation, when settlement or tilting deformation occurs in the goaf, the outer support structure 1 may deform to some extent along with the surrounding rock. However, through the physical isolation effect of the isolation structure 3, the inner lining structure 2 can minimize the adverse effects of the outer deformation within the reserved space. At the same time, the elevation and position of the inner lining structure 2 can be actively adjusted by adjusting the support structure 4 to ensure that the lining structure is always in a safe and stable operating state.

[0071] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, the adjustable support structure 4 includes an adjustable support plate 41 and an adjusting member 42. The adjustable support plate 41 is connected to the lower end of the inner lining structure 2, and the adjusting member 42 is disposed below the adjustable support plate 41. The adjusting member 42 is used to push the adjustable support plate 41 upward, causing the adjustable support plate 41 to drive the inner lining structure 2 to move, thereby realizing active control of the structural position of the inner lining structure 2. In some optional embodiments, the adjusting member 42 may be a hydraulic jack, a screw jack, or other support components with height adjustment function.

[0072] First Example

[0073] One adjusting component 42 is provided. The adjusting component 42 is located below the adjusting support plate 41. By pushing the adjusting support plate 41 upward, the vertical position of the inner lining structure 2 can be adjusted. This method has a simple structure and is suitable for working conditions where only the overall vertical lifting and lowering adjustment of the inner lining structure 2 is required, such as dealing with the overall subsidence of the lining caused by uniform settlement of the goaf.

[0074] Second example

[0075] Multiple adjusting members 42 are provided. These adjusting members 42 can be arranged sequentially at intervals along a first direction, sequentially at intervals along a second direction, or simultaneously arranged in an array along both directions. The first direction, the second direction, and the vertical direction are mutually perpendicular, with the first direction aligning with the tunnel's extension direction.

[0076] Multiple adjusting components 42 are used to push the adjusting support plate 41 upward, so that the adjusting support plate 41 drives the inner lining structure 2 to move, thereby adjusting the vertical position and / or horizontal posture of the inner lining structure 2.

[0077] For example, when multiple adjusting components 42 operate simultaneously and push at the same distance, the adjusting support plate 41 is subjected to uniform force, and the inner lining structure 2 rises and falls vertically as a whole, achieving uniform adjustment of the vertical position, which is suitable for coping with the working conditions of uniform settlement in the goaf.

[0078] When multiple adjusting components 42 can be adjusted independently, differentiated control can be applied to the local deformation of the inner lining structure 2. For example, when uneven collapse of the goaf causes the inner lining structure 2 to tilt, the pushing amount of the adjusting component 42 on the tilted side can be increased accordingly, the pushing amount on the other side can be decreased, or only the tilted side can be adjusted, thereby accurately correcting the horizontal attitude of the inner lining structure 2 and restoring it to its designed position, effectively addressing the tilting deformation of the lining caused by lateral damage in the goaf.

[0079] In this embodiment, as Figures 1-5 As shown, to prevent excessive force applied by the adjusting member 42 from causing localized cracking of the inner lining structure 2, an adjusting support plate 41 is provided on the top of the adjusting member 42. The adjusting support plate 41 is, for example, an iron plate, used for leveling. On the one hand, the adjusting support plate 41 can effectively prevent the adjusting member 42 from directly contacting the inner lining structure 2, thus avoiding stress concentration in the inner lining structure 2; on the other hand, the adjusting support plate 41 can also provide support for the isolation structure 3.

[0080] Understandably, to prevent excessive force applied by the adjusting member 42 from causing stress concentration in the supporting structure 5 below it, leading to localized cracking and damage, a pad 43 can be installed below the adjusting member 42. The pad 43 is a steel pad. The pad 43 not only integrates multiple adjusting members 42 distributed along the tunnel axis, but also fixes the adjusting member 42 to the supporting structure 5, forming a unified whole. The adjusting member 42, the pad 43, and the supporting structure 5 below are anchored together by bolts. There can be one or multiple pads 43. Each pad 43 can fix one or more adjusting members 42; the specific number and arrangement are determined based on the actual working conditions.

[0081] A preset gap 111 exists between the side wall of the adjusting support plate 41 and the inner wall of the first accommodating space 11 to ensure that the adjusting support plate 41 has sufficient room for movement. In order to control the situation where the inner lining structure 2 tilts due to the collapse of one side of the goaf, it is necessary to ensure that a certain gap is left between the adjusting support plate 41 and the outer support structure 1 to ensure that the adjusting support plate 41 can rotate at a certain angle, thereby realizing the adjustment of the horizontal posture of the inner lining structure 2.

[0082] The adjusting support structure 4 also includes reinforcing members 44, such as steel bars, with both ends of the reinforcing members 44 connected to the adjusting support plate 41 and the inner lining structure 2, respectively. For example, several reinforcing members 44 are welded to the top of the adjusting support plate 41.

[0083] During construction, the reinforcement component 44 can be integrated with the concrete of the inner lining structure 2 through the concrete pouring of the inverted arch structure of the inner lining structure 2, thereby increasing the frictional resistance between the adjusting support plate 41 and the inner lining structure 2, avoiding slippage between the adjusting support plate 41 and the inner lining structure 2, and ensuring that the two work together to bear force and are stably connected.

[0084] In this embodiment, as Figures 1-5 As shown, the adjusting support plate 41 has a first maintenance channel 411 in the vertical direction. The inner lining structure 2 has a cavity 21, and a second maintenance channel 22 is provided at the lower end of the inner lining structure 2, which is connected to the cavity 21.

[0085] The first maintenance passage 411 and the second maintenance passage 22 are corresponding and connected to form a personnel access passage. The number of the first maintenance passage 411 and the second maintenance passage 22 is determined according to actual needs; there can be one or more, to facilitate staff to enter and adjust, maintain and repair the adjusting component 42.

[0086] An enclosure plate 412 is installed at the location of the adjusting support plate 41 in the first maintenance passage 411. The enclosure plate 412 is a fixed steel plate that works with the first maintenance passage 411 to form a personnel access passage. At least a portion of the enclosure plate 412 is embedded in the second maintenance passage 22 to achieve connection and continuity between the upper and lower passages. A hanging ladder 413 can be installed, which is fixedly connected to the enclosure plate 412, facilitating the movement of personnel up and down the ladder 413 for daily inspection, adjustment, and maintenance of the adjusting component 42.

[0087] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, the isolated lining support device also includes a conveying mechanism 6 disposed in the cavity 21, and the conveying mechanism 6 is connected to the inner lining structure 2.

[0088] For example, the conveying mechanism 6 includes a track support 61 and a track 62. The track support 61 is connected to the inner lining structure 2, and the track 62 is disposed on the track support 61.

[0089] In practical applications, the track support 61 can be made of steel or precast concrete components, fixed to the inner wall of the cavity of the inner lining structure 2 by pre-embedded anchors, providing a stable load-bearing foundation for the track 62. The track 62 can be made of standard steel rails or heavy-duty slide rails, extending along the tunnel axis, and can accommodate the passage needs of small inspection equipment and maintenance material transfer trolleys, greatly improving the operation and maintenance efficiency inside the cavity. During routine inspections, staff can use the track 62 to quickly reach the corresponding position in the passage and check the operating status of the adjustment component 42 below. When maintenance or replacement of the adjustment component 42 is required, tools and accessories can also be conveniently transported through the track 62 without the need to open up a large working passage, completing the entire cycle of structural operation and maintenance work without occupying the main passage space of the tunnel.

[0090] In this embodiment, as Figures 1-5 As shown, the inner lining structure 2 located within the cavity 21 has side drainage channels 7. The side drainage channels 7 extend along the tunnel axis, and there can be two side drainage channels 7, located on both sides of the conveying mechanism 6.

[0091] The side drainage ditch 7 can be precast concrete or treated with anti-seepage measures after grooving and grinding. A permeable drainage layer can be installed inside the ditch to quickly collect condensate and residual construction water that may seep from the cavity wall and discharge it axially along the tunnel axis. This prevents water from accumulating at the bottom of the cavity, thus preventing corrosion of the track components of the conveying mechanism 6. It also prevents prolonged contact between moisture and the metal components of the lower adjusting element 42, extending the service life of the entire adjusting support structure. The double-sided arrangement covers the water collection areas on both sides of the cavity, eliminating drainage dead zones. Even in high-humidity tunnel operating environments, the cavity remains dry, ensuring safe and convenient operation and maintenance.

[0092] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, the isolation structure 3 includes a void isolation layer 31 and a filling isolation layer 32. The inner lining structure 2 and the outer support structure 1 are spaced apart to form the void isolation layer 31, and the filling isolation layer 32 fills part of the void isolation layer 31.

[0093] The isolation structure 3 is divided into two layers: an upper void isolation layer 31 and a lower filling isolation layer 32. The voids reserved in the void isolation layer 31 provide sufficient space for the lifting of the inner lining structure 2, fully adapting to the subsequent adjustment and support structure 4's requirements for the vertical position adjustment of the inner lining structure 2, and avoiding rigid collision between the outer wall of the inner lining structure 2 and the outer support structure 1 during the lifting process.

[0094] The filling isolation layer 32 is a crushed stone isolation layer. On the one hand, it can restrain the horizontal deformation of the inner lining structure 2 and prevent the lining from shifting excessively under horizontal surrounding rock pressure. On the other hand, since there is a certain assembly gap around the adjusting support plate 41, the filling material will not fall out of the gap when using crushed stone filling, resulting in stronger stability during construction and long-term service.

[0095] The entire isolation structure 3 not only significantly reduces the direct contact ratio between the outer support structure 1 and the inner lining structure 2, further reducing the direct transmission efficiency of deformation of the outer support structure 1 to the inner lining structure 2, but also has excellent isolation and vibration reduction functions, effectively buffering the vibration brought by train operation. This not only improves the riding comfort in the tunnel, but also reduces the continuous disturbance of the cyclic vibration load of the train to the underlying goaf area of ​​the tunnel, avoiding the probability of further activation and collapse of the surrounding rock in the goaf area under dynamic load, and ensuring long-term operational safety.

[0096] In this embodiment, as Figures 1-6 As shown, the isolated lining support device also includes a reinforcing layer 8, which covers at least a portion of the first accommodating space 11. The reinforcing layer 8 comprises at least one corrugated steel plate, and during installation, one side of the reinforcing layer 8 is tightly attached to the inner side of the outer support structure 1. Since the inner lining structure 2 is isolated from the outer support structure 1, the outer support structure 1 needs to independently bear the external load of the surrounding rock. By setting the reinforcing layer 8 made of corrugated steel plate, the overall load-bearing stiffness of the outer support structure 1 can be significantly improved, the stress state of the outer support can be improved, and the risk of local cracking or excessive deformation of the outer support structure under surrounding rock pressure can be reduced. Adjusting the gap between the support plate 41 and the first accommodating space 11 can avoid the reinforcing layer 8, thus reserving sufficient clearance.

[0097] In this embodiment, as Figures 1-6As shown, the isolated lining support device is also equipped with multiple reinforcing rods 9. One end of the reinforcing rod 9 passes through the first receiving space 11 of the outer support structure 1 and is fixedly connected to the reinforcing layer 8. For example, the reinforcing rod 9 passes through the corrugated steel plate of the reinforcing layer 8 and the initial support structure of the outer support structure 1 and is anchored inside the surrounding rock. Its exposed end is fixedly connected to the crest position of the corrugated steel plate. The reinforcing rod 9 is, for example, a support anchor. Before construction, corresponding holes are pre-reserved on the reinforcing layer 8 to facilitate subsequent drilling operations and the insertion and installation of the reinforcing rod 9. In order to minimize the deformation of the reinforcing layer 8, all reinforcing rods 9 are connected to the corresponding crest position of the reinforcing layer 8. The grouting end of the reinforcing rod 9 is reserved on the other side of the reinforcing layer 8 away from the first receiving space 11 and extends completely into the outer surrounding rock to complete the grouting and anchoring. The reinforcing rod 9 under this structure simultaneously achieves a dual function: it can penetrate deep into the surrounding rock to reinforce the rock mass and improve the overall stability of the outer surrounding rock, and it can also firmly connect the reinforcing layer 8 with the outer support structure 1, allowing the two to share the load of the surrounding rock, ultimately greatly improving the overall stability of the outer support structure 1 and providing a reliable external protection foundation for the inner lining structure 2 on the inner side.

[0098] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figures 1-7 As shown, the load-bearing structure 5 is an integral support structure, which includes at least support piles 51, a support platform 52, and a foundation reinforcement layer 53. Multiple support piles 51 are provided, which can be evenly distributed horizontally and extend vertically.

[0099] During construction, the bottom of the outer support structure 1 must first be treated by cleaning away debris and loose soil to ensure a flat and clean surface, creating favorable conditions for subsequent construction. Next, the drilling locations are precisely determined according to design requirements, and drilling operations are carried out using drilling equipment. Carefully crafted steel cages are then embedded into the drilled holes, followed by concrete pouring. After the concrete solidifies, stable support piles 51 are formed, providing a solid foundation for the load-bearing structure 5.

[0100] After the construction of the support piles 51 is completed, grouting is performed at the bottom of the outer support structure 1 to form a foundation reinforcement layer 53, thereby enhancing the bearing capacity and stability of the foundation. Then, the superstructure is constructed, and the support platform 52 is prepared. The support platform 52 includes, for example, side walls 521, support beams 522, horizontal bracing steel rods 523, and horizontal bracing beams 524. First, the reinforcement of the support beams 522 is tied and laid. The support beams 522 are laid horizontally above the support piles 51, and their orientation is designed according to the stress direction of the load-bearing structure 5. Through the binding of the reinforcement, a stable beam skeleton structure is formed, providing lateral support and transferring the load to the support piles 51.

[0101] Next, the reinforcement of the side wall 521 is tied. The side wall 521 stands vertically on the left and right edges of the load-bearing structure 5, and its reinforcement is connected to the reinforcement of the support beam 522, for example by welding or lap splicing, to ensure that the side wall 521 and the support beam 522 form an integral structure. When the inner lining structure 2 tilts due to the collapse of the goaf on one side, the center of gravity of the tunnel will shift to the tilted side, causing the load on the adjusting member 42 on that side to be too large. The side wall 521 can share part of the eccentric load of the adjusting member 42, and at the same time seal the preset gap 111 of the adjusting support plate 41 to prevent debris from entering and affecting the structural performance.

[0102] Subsequently, the reinforcing bars of the cross brace beam 524 are tied. The cross brace beam 524 intersects perpendicularly with the support beam 522 and is evenly distributed on the load-bearing structure 5. Its reinforcing bars are also connected and fixed to the reinforcing bars of the support beam 522, forming a grid-like beam structure to enhance the overall stability of the load-bearing structure 5. During the reinforcing bar tying process, the cross brace steel rods 523 are welded and fixed to the reinforcing bars of the support beam 522 and the cross brace beam 524. The cross brace steel rods 523 are evenly distributed at certain intervals, serving to strengthen the connection and effectively improving the connection strength between the support beam 522 and the cross brace beam 524, thus enhancing the deformation resistance of the load-bearing structure 5.

[0103] Finally, the supporting beam 522, side walls 521, and cross bracing beam 524 are poured together as a single unit. This single-unit pouring method not only shortens construction time and improves construction efficiency but also ensures good integrity among the components, enhancing the overall structural performance of the load-bearing structure 5. On the supporting platform 52, the gap between the supporting beam 522 and the cross bracing beam 524 forms a circulation space 525 within the supporting platform 52. This space provides convenience for workers to adjust the adjustable components 42 installed on the load-bearing structure 5, and to perform maintenance and repair work on the adjustable components 42 during daily use, ensuring the normal operation of the entire structure.

[0104] The isolated lining support device is designed for complex tunnel geological conditions in underlying goaf areas. Through a construction logic of physical isolation between the outer support and inner lining, and active shape control via adjustable supports, it achieves deformation decoupling between the two structures. While allowing the outer support structure 1 to deform to a certain extent with the surrounding rock, it ensures the long-term positional stability of the inner lining structure 2, adapting to goaf conditions at different depths and orientations. The specific construction steps are as follows:

[0105] First, the tunnel excavation is completed, then a fixed steel arch frame is installed, and system anchor bolts are installed simultaneously. Shotcrete is then applied to form a complete outer support structure 1, ultimately resulting in a complete outer bearing structure with an arched profile. The interior is reserved to form a first accommodating space 11 that can accommodate the inner components. At the bottom, a first opening 12 that connects to the first accommodating space 11 is reserved to provide an access channel for the subsequent construction of the bottom components. The arched profile can evenly diffuse the upper surrounding rock load, providing basic protection for the inner structure.

[0106] Prefabricated corrugated steel plates are transported to the tunnel in sections and spliced ​​together piece by piece using high-strength bolts to form an integral reinforcement layer 8. The reinforcement layer 8 covers at least a portion of the first accommodating space 11, such as the arch or inner wall of the sidewall. The reinforcement layer 8 is then tightly fixed to the corresponding area of ​​the first accommodating space 11 of the outer support structure 1. Using pre-drilled holes on the surface of the reinforcement layer 8, drilling is performed on the outer support structure 1 and the surrounding rock. Reinforcing rods 9 pass through the corrugated steel plates and the initial support structure of the outer support structure 1, anchoring them inside the surrounding rock. Their exposed ends are fixedly connected to the crests of the corrugated steel plates. Grouting is injected into the holes to complete the anchoring, ensuring that the grouting section of the reinforcing rod 9 fully extends into the stable surrounding rock. This process not only reinforces the loose surrounding rock with the reinforcing rods 9 but also firmly bonds the corrugated steel plate reinforcement layer to the outer support structure 1, significantly improving the overall deformation resistance of the outer support structure 1.

[0107] The bottom working surface of the outer support structure 1 is cleaned, completely removing debris and loose soil, and the work area is leveled. Drilling positions are precisely marked according to the design points, and specialized drilling equipment is used to drill vertically to the design depth. Precast steel cages are lowered into the holes, and concrete is poured. After the concrete solidifies, multiple evenly distributed support piles 51 are formed, serving as the foundation load-bearing components of the subsequent load-bearing structure 5. After all support piles 51 are constructed, multi-point drilling and grouting are performed on the base area at the bottom of the outer support structure 1 to fill base fissures and form a continuous foundation reinforcement layer 53, further improving the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock and preventing uneven settlement later.

[0108] Reinforcement installation is carried out sequentially above the foundation reinforcement layer 53. First, the reinforcement cage of the support beam 522 of the load-bearing structure 5 is tied, and the support beam 522 is laid along the designed direction and reliably connected to the pre-embedded reinforcement of the top support pile 51. Then, the reinforcement cage of the side wall 521 is tied at the left and right edges of the load-bearing structure 5, and the reinforcement of the side wall 521 is connected to the reinforcement of the support beam 522 by welding or lap splicing. Finally, the reinforcement of the cross bracing beam 524 is laid along the direction perpendicular to the support beam 522, so that the cross bracing beam 524 and the support beam 522 intersect to form a grid-like stress system. Then, multiple cross bracing steel rods 523 are uniformly welded and fixed along the tunnel axis to the reinforcement cage of the support beam 522 and the cross bracing beam 524 to form a complete reinforcement structure. After all the steel bars are laid out, the support beam 522, side wall 521 and cross brace beam 524 are poured with concrete as a whole. After curing, the empty areas of the support beam 522 and cross brace beam 524 naturally form a through-flow space 525 in the load-bearing structure 5, which is used for subsequent operation and maintenance personnel to pass through.

[0109] Steel pads 43 are laid at the designated installation points of the support beam 522 and cross brace beam 524 of the load-bearing structure 5. Multiple sets of adjusting components 42 and pads 43 are anchored to the load-bearing structure 5 as a whole by high-strength bolts. The pads 43 can distribute and transfer the local stress of a single set of adjusting components 42 to the load-bearing structure 5, avoiding the problem of local stress concentration and cracking. After the adjusting components 42 are installed, leveling adjusting support plates 41 with pre-drilled holes are hoisted and placed on top of all adjusting components 42. Multiple reinforcing members 44 are pre-welded to the surface of the adjusting support plates 41. Enclosing plates 412 are welded along the first maintenance passage 411 of the adjusting support plates 41 to form a through personnel access passage. Then, a passage ladder 413 is fixedly installed inside the passage to ensure that the passage can directly connect to the upper lining construction surface. After installation, it is necessary to confirm that the pre-set gap 111 required by the design is reserved between the side wall of the adjustment support plate 41 and the outer support structure 1, so as to ensure that the adjustment support plate 41 can be deflected at a small angle when adjusting the position, thereby reducing the impact on the tunnel construction clearance under the condition of reserved activity space.

[0110] Using the adjusting support plate 41 as a temporary support formwork for the invert construction, the invert portion of the inner lining structure 2 is constructed. The pre-embedded welded reinforcement 44 on the top of the adjusting support plate 41 is fully embedded in the invert concrete, achieving a rigid connection between the adjusting support plate 41 and the inner lining structure 2, reducing the probability of relative slippage later. After the invert concrete solidifies, the sidewalls and arch structure of the inner lining are constructed upwards, ultimately forming a complete reinforced concrete permanent load-bearing structure with a top cavity 21. The track support 61 is fixed to the inner wall of the cavity 21 using pre-embedded anchor bolts, and the track 62 extending along the tunnel axis is fixedly installed on the track support 61. Simultaneously, side drainage trenches 7 are excavated on both sides of the cavity 21 and treated for seepage prevention. A permeable drainage layer is installed in the trenches to quickly drain condensate from the cavity 21, reducing the possibility of long-term corrosion of the track 62 and the adjusting component 42. Finally, the top extension of the personnel access passage is connected to the second maintenance passage 22 reserved in the inner lining, so that the passage entrance is opened between the track support 61 and the side water ditch 7, forming a complete operation and maintenance passage.

[0111] After the sidewalls of the inner lining structure 2 are constructed, the isolation structure 3 is filled from bottom to top. First, crushed stone is filled into the lower gap between the inner lining structure 2 and the outer support structure 1, and compacted to form a continuous crushed stone isolation layer. After the crushed stone is filled to the specified height, an unfilled continuous void is reserved at the top as a void isolation layer 31, ultimately forming a double-layer isolation structure 3 with a lower layer of crushed stone and an upper layer of voids. After this process, the crushed stone layer can constrain the horizontal displacement of the inner lining and will not fall from the reserved gaps around the adjusting support plate 41. The reserved void isolation layer 31 at the top can provide sufficient space for the subsequent lifting and adjustment of the inner lining structure 2. The entire isolation structure 3 can reduce the transmission effect of the deformation of the outer support structure 1 to the inner lining structure 2, realize the deformation decoupling of the inner and outer structures, and also buffer the vibration load of train operation, reducing the impact of dynamic load transmission to the goaf below.

[0112] After all components are installed, all adjusting parts 42 are activated simultaneously to lift the inner lining structure 2 to the design elevation. It is confirmed that the deflection gap of the adjusting support plate 41 meets the position adjustment requirements. The smoothness of the operation and maintenance passage and the running function of the track 62 are tested. The synchronous lifting and independent adjustment performance of all adjusting parts 42 are tested. After confirming that there is no initial local stress concentration in the inner lining structure 2 and that all waterproof and drainage facilities are operating normally, the entire isolated lining support device is accepted and delivered and officially put into use.

[0113] If the outer support structure 1 settles and deforms with the goaf during operation, the inner lining structure 2 can minimize the adverse effects of the outer deformation under the reserved space. It only needs to enter the interior of the bearing structure 5 through the reserved channel, and accurately correct the elevation and horizontal attitude of the inner lining structure 2 by synchronously or independently adjusting the stroke of each adjusting component 42. The entire process does not require damage to the existing lining structure, and the full-cycle positional maintenance can be completed without interrupting operation.

[0114] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0115] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An isolated lining support device, characterized in that, include: The outer support structure has a first accommodating space, and the lower end of the outer support structure has a first opening communicating with the first accommodating space. The inner lining structure is located within the first accommodating space; An isolation structure is sandwiched between the inner lining structure and the outer support structure; An adjustment support structure is provided below the inner lining structure, and the adjustment support structure is used to adjust the structural position of the inner lining structure. as well as A load-bearing structure is provided at the lower end of the outer support structure to block the first opening; The load-bearing structure is used to support the inner lining structure and the isolation structure.

2. The isolated lining support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustable support structure includes an adjustable support plate and multiple adjustable components; the multiple adjustable components are spaced apart along a first direction and / or a second direction. The adjusting support plate is connected to the lower end of the inner lining structure, and a plurality of adjusting members are respectively disposed below the adjusting support plate. The adjusting members are used to push the adjusting support plate upward, so that the adjusting support plate drives the inner lining structure to move; wherein, the adjusting members are used to adjust the vertical position of the inner lining structure and / or the horizontal posture of the inner lining structure. The side wall of the adjustment support plate has a preset gap with the inner wall of the first accommodating space.

3. The isolated lining support device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjusting support structure further includes at least one pad, which is disposed between the adjusting member and the bearing structure.

4. The isolated lining support device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjustable support structure also includes at least one reinforcing member, the two ends of which are connected to the adjustable support plate and the inner lining structure, respectively.

5. The isolated lining support device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjusting support plate has at least one first maintenance channel along the vertical direction; The inner lining structure has a cavity, and at least one second maintenance channel is provided at the lower end of the inner lining structure, the second maintenance channel being connected to the cavity; The first maintenance channel is connected to the second maintenance channel; The inner lining structure located within the cavity has side drainage channels.

6. The isolated lining support device according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a conveying mechanism disposed within the cavity, the conveying mechanism comprising a track support and a track, the track support being connected to the inner lining structure, and the track being disposed on the track support.

7. The isolated lining support device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The isolation structure includes a void isolation layer and a filling isolation layer; The inner lining structure and the outer support structure are spaced apart to form the void isolation layer, and the filling isolation layer fills part of the void isolation layer.

8. The isolated lining support device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It also includes a reinforcement layer that covers at least a portion of the first accommodating space; The reinforcing layer includes at least one layer of steel plate, which is corrugated.

9. The isolated lining support device according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes multiple reinforcing rods, one end of which passes through the first accommodating space of the outer support structure and is connected to the reinforcing layer; The reinforcing rod is connected to the crest position of the reinforcing layer.

10. The isolated lining support device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load-bearing structure includes a foundation reinforcement layer, multiple support piles, and a support platform; Multiple support piles extend vertically and are spaced apart in the horizontal plane. The lower end of each support pile is anchored in the foundation reinforcement layer, and the upper end of each support pile extends into the first opening and is fixedly connected to the support platform. The support platform is used to support at least one of the adjustable support structure, the inner lining structure, and the isolation structure.

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