Mine shaft monitoring device and method of use

Abstract

The application discloses a mine shaft monitoring device and a use method thereof. The device comprises a base beam, a horizontal sliding guide rail, a sliding block moving seat, a screw / synchronous belt driving mechanism, a stroke limiting and locking assembly, a multi-degree-of-freedom adjusting support, a laser ranging sensor and a wiring protection assembly. The multi-degree-of-freedom adjusting support is installed on the sliding block moving seat and sequentially comprises a mounting support, a rotating scale rotating table, an extension lifting column, a pitch pan support and a worm locking adjusting mechanism. The device forms a four-degree-of-freedom composite adjusting structure of 'horizontal movement-lifting-rotation-pitching', is arranged at a shaft door of a shaft well and can realize real-time monitoring of horizontal convergence, vertical settlement, axial torsion and radial bulging of the shaft well by means of laser rays of the laser ranging sensor. The device can adapt to multiple scene measurement requirements such as mine shafts, tunnel sections, industrial component positioning and complex space ranging and has the advantages of high measurement point alignment efficiency, large adjusting range, high positioning accuracy, stable locking, strong on-site adaptability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground mining, specifically to a shaft monitoring device and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Underground mining is essentially a process that drastically disturbs the original geostress field. As ore is extracted, huge goafs are formed underground, disrupting the original mechanical equilibrium of the rock mass. This leads to varying degrees of deformation and damage to the shaft. This deformation and damage is transmitted in the form of horizontal contraction and vertical displacement, and is extremely dangerous. Therefore, monitoring horizontal contraction and vertical displacement is fundamentally necessary because of the inherent and unavoidable engineering challenges in underground mining operations. A review of relevant domestic and international materials reveals that while some researchers have studied the deformation of stope backfill bodies and attempted to develop monitoring equipment—for example, patent CN202410527948.6 provides a method for monitoring the convergence deformation of pre-drilled vertical shafts, patent CN202410733040.0 provides a method for monitoring vertical shaft deformation based on borehole internal displacement, and patent CN202221959951.8 provides a real-time monitoring system for deep horizontal displacement in sunken vertical shafts—these research and development achievements generally still suffer from the following problems: (1) The existing scheme can only monitor displacement changes in a single direction and cannot simultaneously calculate the four types of core deformations: horizontal convergence, vertical settlement, axial torsion, and radial bulging. It cannot fully identify the complex deformation and failure modes of the wellbore and is prone to missing local disaster precursor information. (2) Most monitoring instruments cannot sensitively detect the deformation of the shaft and are easily affected by mining. They may misjudge the resulting micro-deformation, equipment optical path offset, zero point drift and other problems as shaft deformation. The false alarm rate on site exceeds 30%, which seriously affects the normal production of the mine. (3) The installation of existing equipment requires a large number of boreholes for pre-embedding. Manual calibration is difficult and time-consuming in the narrow and dark environment of the well, and the installation accuracy cannot be guaranteed. In addition, the equipment has no explosion-proof, vibration isolation and dustproof design, and cannot operate stably for a long time in the harsh environment of deep wells. (4) Existing laser ranging equipment often uses fixed brackets, simple rotating brackets, or single pitch adjustment brackets for mounting. Their adjustment freedom is limited, and they can usually only achieve angle adjustment in a single direction. It is difficult to take into account lateral position movement, vertical height adjustment, horizontal angle rotation, and pitch angle adjustment. When the equipment is used in scenarios with multiple measurement points, long distances, or many spatial obstructions, fixed brackets are prone to problems such as the laser beam path not covering the target area, insufficient alignment accuracy, and increased measurement blind zone.

[0003] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a laser ranging device with high structural integration, multiple degrees of adjustment freedom, high positioning accuracy and reliable locking, so that the laser ranging sensor can achieve lateral movement, lifting, horizontal rotation and pitch adjustment on the same base, thereby improving the installation adaptability and measurement efficiency in complex sites. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention discloses a monitoring device for mine shafts and its usage method. This invention is implemented using the following technical solution: This invention provides a monitoring device for mine shafts, comprising a deep shaft full-dimensional deformation intelligent monitoring system and a multi-channel data acquisition module. The deep shaft full-dimensional deformation intelligent monitoring system consists of a bearing plate, mounting supports, a rotating scale turntable, a telescopic lifting column, a pitching gimbal support, a laser rangefinder sensor, a horizontal sliding guide rail, a slider moving seat, and a target system. It measures the horizontal convergence, vertical settlement, axial torsion, and radial bulging of the shaft through the interaction between the laser beam emitted by the laser rangefinder sensor and the target system. The multi-channel data acquisition module is connected to the laser monitoring sensor via a control signal cable and is continuously powered by an external power source. The multi-channel data acquisition module continuously acquires monitoring data from the laser monitoring sensor and transmits it to the surface via optical fiber, where a surface computer terminal receives the shaft displacement data in real time.

[0005] Furthermore, the bearing plate is made of iron and is installed on the stable bedrock of the wellhead using expansion bolts. At the same time, four prestressed anchor rods are used to penetrate more than 300 mm into the stable bedrock of the well, and a preload of more than 120 kN is applied to solve the problem of reference drift caused by deformation of the bedrock surface due to installation, so that the equipment has sufficient stability. At the same time, a shock-absorbing pad is also provided between the bearing plate and the bedrock to effectively prevent equipment instability caused by frequent blasting operations underground.

[0006] Furthermore, the horizontal sliding guide rail is arranged along the length of the base beam, and the slider moving seat is mounted on the horizontal sliding guide rail. By moving the slider moving seat, the laser rangefinder sensor can move laterally back and forth along the guide rail, thereby changing the lateral measurement position of the laser rangefinder sensor. After the slider moving seat moves to the target position, the position is locked by tightening screws to prevent lateral drift during the measurement process.

[0007] Furthermore, the mounting bracket is positioned above the slider moving seat, and its side is provided with reinforcing ribs, fixing screws, and angle locking grooves. The angle locking grooves can serve as a local angle adjustment or auxiliary locking structure, enabling the mounting bracket to have higher structural rigidity and vibration resistance when bearing the upper rotation, lifting, and pitching components.

[0008] Furthermore, the rotating scale turntable is disposed above the mounting support, and the rotating scale turntable includes a slewing bearing, a rotating disk, an annular scale disk, and a rotating locking component. Through the rotating scale turntable, the laser rangefinder sensor can rotate 360° horizontally around its vertical axis. The annular scale disk is used to display the sensor's horizontal rotation angle, and the rotating locking component is used to fix the turntable at the target rotation angle.

[0009] Furthermore, the telescopic lifting column is positioned above the rotating scale turntable, and includes an outer sleeve, an inner lifting rod, and a lifting locking component. The inner lifting rod can move vertically along the outer sleeve to adjust the measurement height of the laser rangefinder; the lifting locking component is used to fix the inner lifting rod after the height adjustment is completed.

[0010] Furthermore, the pitch gimbal bracket is located at the upper end of the telescopic lifting column, and the laser rangefinder sensor is mounted inside the pitch gimbal bracket via a rotating shaft. The pitch gimbal bracket is used in conjunction with a worm gear locking adjustment mechanism, enabling the laser rangefinder sensor to adjust its angle within a set pitch range, and utilizing the worm gear's self-locking characteristic to maintain a stable angle.

[0011] Furthermore, the target system consists of three wedges. In actual use, the three wedges are fixed in different orientations: the left wedge faces right, the middle wedge faces down, and the right wedge faces left. Combined with a laser rangefinder, it can achieve a multi-dimensional and comprehensive monitoring effect.

[0012] Furthermore, after setting the direction of the laser rangefinder sensor, the three laser beams are respectively struck on the inclined surfaces of the three wedge blocks on the opposite side of the wellbore. The deformation of the wellbore is monitored by monitoring the distance change of the laser displacement.

[0013] This invention provides a method for using a monitoring device for mine shafts, characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1: Roughen the wall of the horse-head well, remove the loose stones and concrete plaster layer to expose a complete and stable bedrock surface, and drill four holes in the bedrock at the reserved position for subsequent installation of anchor rods. Step 2: Install the shock-absorbing pads and bearing plates. First, fix them with expansion bolts, then install anchor rods and trays at the four reserved holes, and apply a pre-tightening force of more than 120 kN to stabilize them in the bedrock. Step 3: Based on the target measurement point or target position, move the slider moving seat along the horizontal sliding guide to the predetermined lateral position; after moving into place, complete the limit confirmation and lateral locking by tightening the locking screw; Step 4: Fix the support on the slider moving seat, install the rotary scale turntable, lifting column and pitch gimbal bracket on the support, and fix the laser range sensor on the pitch gimbal bracket. Step 5: Adjust the telescopic lifting column to raise or lower the laser rangefinder to the target measurement height; after the height adjustment is completed, fix the inner lifting rod with the lifting locking device.

[0014] Step 6: Rotate the rotary scale turntable to rotate the laser rangefinder sensor around the vertical axis to the target horizontal angle, and read the angle using the annular scale. After rotating to the correct position, lock the turntable by rotating the locking mechanism.

[0015] Step 7: Adjust the pitch angle of the laser rangefinder using the pitch gimbal bracket, and fine-tune it using the worm gear locking adjustment mechanism to align the laser beam with the center of the target; after adjustment, lock the pitch gimbal bracket.

[0016] Step 8: Install the wedge block of the target system on the well wall opposite the laser rangefinder at the pre-set position, ensuring that the mounting surface of the wedge block is perpendicular to the laser beam of the laser rangefinder. Step 9: After the equipment is installed and powered on, the laser ranging sensor emits a laser beam to the wedge block on the opposite side, so that the laser beam is accurately aligned with the center of the inclined surface of the wedge block on the opposite side, and measures the displacement of the well wall in real time. The monitoring data is continuously sent to the multi-channel data acquisition module through the control signal cable. Step 10: The data acquisition module will periodically send the received monitoring data to the surface terminal, where the displacement data can be viewed in real time. Beneficial effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The present invention can simultaneously monitor the horizontal, vertical and various directions of the shaft, and the monitoring results are more comprehensive and accurate than those of traditional equipment. (2) This device can be installed directly on stable bedrock using expansion bolts, without the need for drilling, and is easy to operate; (3) This invention combines information automatic collection, transmission and integration technology to achieve true intelligent monitoring, enabling monitoring work to be carried out continuously without human intervention, reducing the labor costs of mines, greatly improving work efficiency, and having the advantages of safety, reliability and convenience. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 An overall assembly diagram of a mine shaft monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 The headgate of the well shaft is the location where the device is installed in actual application. Figure 3 The wedge-shaped block represents the position where the laser from the laser rangefinder hits the target. The following are the labels in the diagram: 1-Bearing plate, 2-Shock damping pad, 3-Anchor bolt, 4-Pattern, 5-Slider moving seat, 6-Mounting bracket, 7-Angle locking arc groove, 8-Rotating scale turntable, 9-Rotating locking component, 10-Outer sleeve, 11-Inner lifting rod, 12-Lifting locking component, 13-Pitch gimbal bracket, 14-Laser rangefinder sensor, 141-Laser rangefinder sensor one, 142-Laser rangefinder sensor two, 143-Laser rangefinder sensor three, 15-Worm gear locking adjustment mechanism, 16-Horse head door, 17-Wedge block one, 18-Wedge block two, 19-Wedge block three. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of various embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a shaft monitoring device, which consists of a laser monitoring system and a multi-channel data acquisition module; The bearing plate 1 and the shock-absorbing pad 2 are installed at the stable bedrock of the shaft gate 16 by expansion bolts, and the bearing plate is further stabilized by installing anchor bolts 3 and trays 4. A horizontal sliding guide rail is arranged along the length of the base beam, and the slider moving seat 5 is installed on the horizontal sliding guide rail. By moving the slider moving seat, the laser rangefinder can move laterally back and forth along the guide rail; after the slider moving seat moves to the target position, the position is locked by tightening the screw to prevent lateral drift during the measurement process.

[0020] First, fix the mounting bracket 6 on the slider moving seat 5, and then fine-tune and lock the mounting bracket by means of the angle locking arc groove 7 to prevent instability due to explosive vibration during use. A rotating scale turntable 8 is installed on the mounting bracket. The laser rangefinder sensor can be rotated 360° by rotating the rotating scale turntable 8. When it is rotated to a suitable position angle, it is fixed by rotating locking part 9. Further install the lifting column, which consists of an outer sleeve 10 and an inner lifting rod 11. The inner lifting rod 11 can move vertically along the outer sleeve 10. After being adjusted to a suitable position, it is fixed by the lifting locking member 12. The top is equipped with a pitch gimbal bracket 13, in which the laser range sensor 14 is mounted and fixed on the rotating shaft in the middle of the pitch gimbal bracket; the pitch angle of the laser range sensor is adjusted by the pitch gimbal bracket 13, and fine adjustment is made by the worm gear locking adjustment mechanism 15 to make the laser beam align with the center of the target; after adjustment, the pitch gimbal bracket is locked.

[0021] On the opposite side of the shaft gate 16, wedge blocks 17, 18, and 19 are fixed with expansion bolts. The laser rangefinder 14 is adjusted so that its emitted laser beam is directed onto the wedge blocks. Since the wedge blocks are tilted, when the shaft moves, the laser displacement distance changes, thus achieving the monitoring effect. The specific monitoring situation is as follows: Figure 3 For reference, laser rangefinder sensor 141 and wedge block 17 form one group, laser rangefinder sensor 2142 and wedge block 218 form one group, and laser rangefinder sensor 3143 and wedge block 319 form one group: When the displacement data of laser rangefinder 141 decreases, the displacement data of laser rangefinder 2142 remains unchanged, and the displacement data of laser rangefinder 3143 increases, it indicates that the wellbore has undergone a horizontal displacement to the left, and the displacement amount is the change in data. Conversely, when the data of laser rangefinder 141 increases and the data of laser rangefinder 3143 decreases, it indicates that the wellbore has undergone a horizontal displacement to the right. When the displacement data of laser rangefinder 141 and laser rangefinder 3143 remain unchanged, and the data of laser rangefinder 2142 increases, the wellbore will experience vertical settlement, and the settlement amount is the change in data. When the displacement data of the three laser rangefinders all increase or decrease synchronously, the wellbore undergoes radial bulging or contraction. When the displacement data of laser rangefinder 141 and laser rangefinder 143 change and the amount of change is inconsistent, the wellbore undergoes torsional deformation. The formula for calculating the torsion angle is as follows: in, For the twist angle, The difference in displacement between the two sensors. Where is the radius of the wellbore.

[0022] The above embodiment provides a method for using a mine shaft monitoring device, which includes the following steps: Step 1: Roughen the wall of Matoumen 16 well, remove the loose stones and concrete plaster layer to expose a complete and stable bedrock surface, and drill four holes in the bedrock at the reserved position for subsequent installation of anchor bolts 3. Step 2: Install the shock-absorbing pad 2 and the bearing plate 1. First, fix them with expansion bolts, then install the anchor rod 3 and the tray 4 at the four reserved holes, and apply a pre-tightening force of more than 120 kN to stabilize them in the bedrock. Step 3: Based on the target measurement point or target position, move the slider moving seat 5 along the horizontal sliding guide rail to the predetermined lateral position; after moving into place, complete the limit confirmation and lateral locking by tightening the locking screw; Step 4: Fix the support on the slider moving seat 5, install the rotary scale turntable 8, the lifting column and the pitch gimbal bracket 13 on the mounting support, and fix the laser range sensor 14 on the pitch gimbal bracket 13. Step 5: Adjust the telescopic lifting column to raise or lower the laser rangefinder 14 to the target measurement height; after the height adjustment is completed, fix the inner lifting rod 11 by the lifting locking piece 12; Step 6: Rotate the rotary scale turntable 8 to rotate the laser rangefinder 14 around the vertical axis to the target horizontal angle, and read the angle using the annular scale; after rotating to the correct position, lock the turntable using the rotary locking component 9. Step 7: Adjust the pitch angle of the laser rangefinder using the pitch gimbal bracket 13, and make fine adjustments using the worm gear locking adjustment mechanism 15 to align the laser beam with the center of the target; after adjustment, lock the pitch gimbal bracket 13. Step 8: Install the wedge block of the target system on the well wall opposite the laser range sensor 14 at the pre-set position, ensuring that the mounting surface of the wedge block is perpendicular to the laser beam of the laser range sensor; Step 9: After the equipment is installed and powered on, the laser ranging sensor 14 emits a laser beam to the wedge block on the opposite side, so that the laser beam is accurately aligned with the center of the inclined surface of the wedge block on the opposite side, and measures the displacement of the well wall in real time. The monitoring data is continuously sent to the multi-channel data acquisition module through the control signal cable. Step 10: The data acquisition module will periodically send the received monitoring data to the surface terminal, where the displacement data can be viewed in real time. In practical applications, three laser rangefinders can be mounted simultaneously on a large support plate. Combined with a target system, this enables comprehensive monitoring of the shaft. Unified analysis of multiple sets of data also yields more accurate and objective results.

[0023] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring device for mine shafts, characterized in that, The equipment consists of a deep well shaft full-dimensional deformation intelligent monitoring system and a multi-channel data acquisition module. The deep well shaft full-dimensional deformation intelligent monitoring system comprises a bearing plate, mounting support, rotating scale turntable, telescopic lifting column, pitch gimbal support, laser rangefinder, horizontal sliding guide rail, slider moving seat, and target system. It measures the horizontal convergence, vertical settlement, axial torsion, and radial bulging of the well shaft through the interaction between the laser beam emitted by the laser rangefinder and the target system. The multi-channel data acquisition module is connected to the laser monitoring sensor via a control signal cable. The multi-channel data acquisition module is continuously powered by an external power supply and continuously acquires the monitoring data from the laser monitoring sensor, transmitting it to the ground surface via optical fiber. The ground-based computer terminal receives the well shaft displacement data in real time.

2. The mine shaft monitoring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bearing plate is made of iron and is installed on the stable bedrock of the manhole wall using expansion bolts. At the same time, four prestressed anchor rods are used to penetrate more than 300 mm into the stable bedrock of the manhole, and a preload of more than 120 kN is applied to solve the problem of reference drift caused by deformation of the bedrock surface due to installation, so as to give the equipment sufficient stability. In addition, a shock-absorbing pad is also installed between the bearing plate and the bedrock to effectively prevent equipment instability caused by frequent blasting operations underground.

3. The mine shaft monitoring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal sliding guide rail is arranged along the length of the base beam. The slider moving seat is installed on the horizontal sliding guide rail. By moving the slider moving seat, the laser rangefinder can move laterally back and forth along the guide rail, thereby changing the lateral measurement position of the laser rangefinder. After the slider moving seat moves to the target position, the position is locked by tightening the screw to prevent lateral drift during the measurement process.

4. A mine shaft monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting bracket is located above the slider moving seat. Its side is provided with reinforcing ribs, fixing screws and angle locking arc grooves. The angle locking arc grooves can be used as a local angle adjustment or auxiliary locking structure, so that the mounting bracket has higher structural rigidity and vibration resistance when bearing the upper rotation, lifting and pitching components.

5. A mine shaft monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating scale turntable is positioned above the mounting bracket. The rotating scale turntable includes a slewing bearing, a rotating disk, an annular scale disk, and a rotating locking component. Through the rotating scale turntable, the laser rangefinder sensor can rotate 360° horizontally around the vertical axis. The annular scale disk is used to display the horizontal rotation angle of the sensor, and the rotating locking component is used to fix the turntable at the target rotation angle.

6. A mine shaft monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic lifting column is located above the rotating scale turntable. The telescopic lifting column includes an outer sleeve, an inner lifting rod, and a lifting locking component. The inner lifting rod can move vertically along the outer sleeve to adjust the measurement height of the laser rangefinder. The lifting locking component is used to fix the inner lifting rod after the height adjustment is completed.

7. A mine shaft monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pitch gimbal bracket is located at the upper end of the telescopic lifting column. The laser rangefinder is installed inside the pitch gimbal bracket via a rotating shaft. The pitch gimbal bracket is used in conjunction with the worm gear locking adjustment mechanism to enable the laser rangefinder to adjust its angle within a set pitch range and to maintain a stable angle by utilizing the worm gear's self-locking characteristic.

8. A mine shaft monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target system consists of three wedge-shaped blocks. In actual use, the three wedge-shaped blocks are fixed in different orientations: the inclined surface of the left wedge-shaped block faces to the right, the inclined surface of the middle wedge-shaped block faces downward, and the inclined surface of the right wedge-shaped block faces to the left. When combined with a laser rangefinder, a multi-dimensional and comprehensive monitoring effect can be achieved.

9. A mine shaft monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, After setting the direction of the laser rangefinder sensor, the three laser beams are directed onto the inclined surfaces of the three wedge-shaped blocks on the opposite side of the wellbore. The deformation of the wellbore is monitored by tracking the changes in the distance of the laser displacement.

10. The method of using the mine shaft monitoring equipment according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Roughen the wall of the horse-head well, remove the loose stones and concrete plaster layer to expose a complete and stable bedrock surface, and drill four holes in the bedrock at the reserved position for subsequent installation of anchor rods. Step 2: Install the shock-absorbing pads and bearing plates. First, fix them with expansion bolts, then install anchor rods and trays at the four reserved holes, and apply a pre-tightening force of more than 120 kN to stabilize them in the bedrock. Step 3: Based on the target measurement point or target position, move the slider moving seat along the horizontal sliding guide to the predetermined lateral position; after moving into place, complete the limit confirmation and lateral locking by tightening the locking screw; Step 4: Fix the support on the slider moving seat, install the rotary scale turntable, lifting column and pitch gimbal bracket on the support, and fix the laser range sensor on the pitch gimbal bracket. Step 5: Adjust the telescopic lifting column to raise or lower the laser rangefinder to the target measurement height; after the height adjustment is completed, fix the inner lifting rod with the lifting locking device; Step 6: Rotate the rotary scale turntable to rotate the laser rangefinder sensor around the vertical axis to the target horizontal angle, and read the angle using the annular scale; after rotating to the correct position, lock the turntable using the rotary locking mechanism. Step 7: Adjust the pitch angle of the laser rangefinder using the pitch gimbal bracket, and fine-tune it using the worm gear locking adjustment mechanism to align the laser beam with the center of the target; lock the pitch gimbal bracket after adjustment. Step 8: Install the wedge block of the target system on the well wall opposite the laser rangefinder at the pre-set position, ensuring that the mounting surface of the wedge block is perpendicular to the laser beam of the laser rangefinder. Step 9: After the equipment is installed and powered on, the laser ranging sensor emits a laser beam to the wedge block on the opposite side, so that the laser beam is accurately aligned with the center of the inclined surface of the wedge block on the opposite side, and measures the displacement of the well wall in real time. The monitoring data is continuously sent to the multi-channel data acquisition module through the control signal cable. Step 10: The data acquisition module will periodically send the received monitoring data to the surface terminal, where the displacement data can be viewed in real time.

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