Small wind turbine with telescopic tower structure and control method thereof

Abstract

The small wind turbine with telescopic tower structure disclosed by the application comprises a telescopic tower, a wind wheel fixed to the top end of the telescopic tower, a fixed steel ring fixed to the outer periphery, a wind speed meter fixedly installed on the fixed steel ring, a radial telescopic protection mechanism fixed to the bottom, a piston head via hole formed in the side surface of the telescopic tower, a pulley block installed in the inner bottom of the telescopic tower, and a traction mechanism connected with the pulley block through a steel wire rope; the small wind turbine control method of the application, the wind speed meter monitors the wind speed in real time and transmits feedback to the controller, the controller controls the traction mechanism to pull the steel wire rope to drive the pulley block to ascend and descend, thereby driving the telescopic tower to telescope along the axis, and controls the radial telescopic protection mechanism to telescope and fix the telescopic tower, the telescopic tower can significantly improve the high-altitude wind energy utilization efficiency and power generation capacity when being raised, the tower shaking and operation difficulty are reduced when overhauling in an extreme wind speed environment, and the application has the characteristics of stable structure, low overhauling cost, high wind energy utilization rate and large power generation capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation equipment, specifically relating to a small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure, and also to a control method for the aforementioned small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure. Background Technology

[0002] Small wind turbines are a powerful tool for further improving the development and utilization of wind energy resources. Due to their relatively low height, small wind turbines generally have low wind energy utilization and power generation at low wind speeds. Currently, most small wind turbines are installed in areas with high wind speeds and inconvenient transportation, such as ridges and mountaintops. However, at high wind speeds, the top of the small wind turbine tower is prone to radial swaying, with the swaying becoming more severe at higher wind speeds. Prolonged swaying is extremely detrimental to the structural stability of the wind turbine rotor and the support strength of the tower. Furthermore, because the tower diameter of small wind turbines is small, ladders cannot be designed. When the rotor or generator at the top of the tower malfunctions, external aerial work platforms or cranes are required for maintenance, increasing maintenance costs and reducing operational safety. Therefore, there is an urgent need for technological innovation to improve the wind energy utilization and power generation of current small wind turbines at low wind speeds, and to reduce the problems of large radial swaying at the top of the tower and high maintenance difficulty at high wind speeds. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure, which solves the problems of severe radial swaying at the top of the tower and high maintenance difficulty in the prior art under high wind speeds.

[0004] Another object of the present invention is to provide a control method for a small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is a small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure, including a telescopic tower. The telescopic tower includes several concentrically installed segmented tower sections with diameters decreasing sequentially from the outside to the inside. A wind turbine is fixed to the top of the telescopic tower. A fixed steel ring is fixed to the outer periphery of the telescopic tower near the top. An anemometer is fixedly installed on the fixed steel ring. A radial telescopic protection mechanism is fixed to the bottom of the fixed steel ring. A piston head through hole for the radial telescopic protection mechanism to extend and retract is opened on the side of the telescopic tower. A pulley block is installed at the bottom inside the telescopic tower. The pulley block is connected to a traction mechanism via a steel wire rope. The anemometer, the radial telescopic protection mechanism, and the traction mechanism are all connected to a controller. The controller controls the traction mechanism to pull the steel wire rope to raise and lower, thereby driving the telescopic tower to extend and retract. At the same time, it controls the radial telescopic protection mechanism to extend and retract to fix the telescopic tower.

[0006] The invention is further characterized in that, The anemometer is connected to the controller via a data signal transmission cable, which is wrapped around the outer circumference of the telescopic tower.

[0007] The wind turbine includes a stator mounting base connected to the top flange of the telescopic tower. A generator stator shaft is vertically fixed to the center of the top of the stator mounting base. The end of the generator stator shaft away from the disc-type stator mounting base is connected to a generator disc rotor via a bearing. Several lifting blades are arranged above the generator disc rotor. Several blade fixing plates are vertically fixed between each lifting blade from bottom to top. The blade fixing plates are parallel to each other. A flange sleeve is vertically fixed between the centers of adjacent blade fixing plates. A spiral drag blade is fixed to the outer periphery of the flange sleeve. A flange lifting lug is fixed to the upper surface of the uppermost blade fixing plate. The bottom of the lowermost blade fixing plate is connected to the generator disc rotor via a transition flange. The generator disc rotor is electrically connected to the controller.

[0008] The radial telescopic protection mechanism includes a windproof ring fixed to the bottom surface of a fixed steel ring. Several electro-hydraulic actuators are uniformly fixed to the inner wall of the windproof ring. The fork of each electro-hydraulic actuator is connected to a piston head through a fixed pin. The piston head matches the piston head through hole. Piston head through holes are opened on the side of each segment of the tower at positions corresponding to each piston head, and the piston head through holes are matched with the piston heads. A displacement sensor is installed on every two electro-hydraulic actuators on the bottom surface of the fixed steel ring. The displacement sensor probe is facing the telescopic tower. Each displacement sensor is connected to the controller signal, and each electro-hydraulic actuator is electrically connected to the controller. Displacement sensor probe holes are provided on the side of each section of the tower and at the corresponding positions of each displacement sensor. When the telescopic tower is fully retracted or fully extended, the displacement sensor probes are all facing the displacement sensor probe holes, and each piston head is facing the piston through hole.

[0009] Each electro-hydraulic actuator is equipped with reinforcing ribs on both sides. The reinforcing ribs adopt a right-angled triangular structure, with one right-angled side fixed to the bottom surface of the fixed steel ring and the other right-angled side fixed to the outer wall of the telescopic tower.

[0010] The traction mechanism includes a servo motor, a reducer, and a wire rope drum. The servo motor is electrically connected to the controller. The output shaft of the servo motor is keyed to the input shaft of the reducer. The output shaft of the reducer is connected to the rotating shaft of the wire rope drum. The main wire rope is wound on the wire rope drum and passes through the telescopic tower and is connected to the pulley block.

[0011] The pulley block includes a first fixed pulley and a transition plate suspended in the inner cavity of the telescopic tower. A fixed shaft passing through the central axis of the tower is radially installed on the inner wall of the outermost segmented tower near the bottom. The first fixed pulley is installed on the fixed shaft. Several wire rope fixing lugs are evenly installed near the edge of the transition plate. A T-shaped head fixing seat hole is opened at the center of the transition plate. A cover plate is provided on the upper part of the T-shaped head fixing seat hole and is connected by bolts. The main wire rope passes through the first fixed pulley and the T-shaped head fixing seat hole in sequence and is then fixed by bolts and cover plate. The pulley system also includes a second fixed pulley that is evenly installed on the inner side of the top of the outermost segment tower. The number of the second fixed pulley is the same as the number of wire rope fixing lugs. Except for the outermost segment tower, the outer side of the telescopic tower is provided with grooves along the axial direction at the corresponding positions of the second fixed pulley. When the telescopic tower extends and retracts axially, the second fixed pulley is located in the groove corresponding to the next outermost segment tower. Each groove of the outermost segmented tower is equipped with an external movable pulley at the bottom end. An internal movable pulley is installed on the inner side of the bottom end of the outermost segmented tower at the position corresponding to the external movable pulley. An upper flange is fixed to the top of the innermost segmented tower. An upper movable pulley is installed at the bottom of the upper flange at the position corresponding to the internal movable pulley. The top of the upper flange is connected to the wind turbine. The pulley block also includes auxiliary wire ropes, which are the same number as the second fixed pulleys. Wire rope fixing pins are installed on the outer wall of the secondary outer layer segmented tower above each external movable pulley. One end of each auxiliary wire rope is fixed to the wire rope fixing pin, and the other end passes through the second fixed pulley, the external movable pulley, the internal movable pulley, and the upper movable pulley in sequence before being fixed to the wire rope fixing lug.

[0012] The bottom of the outermost segmented tower is fixed with a lower flange, which is fixed to the foundation. Several inner support platforms for supporting the inner segmented tower are evenly installed along the circumference near the bottom of the inner wall of the outermost segmented tower. The height of the inner support platform is greater than the height of the first fixed pulley.

[0013] Another technical solution adopted in this invention is a control method for a small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure, the steps of which are as follows: the anemometer monitors the wind speed in real time and transmits the feedback to the controller; the controller controls the traction mechanism to pull the steel wire rope to raise and lower the pulley block according to the real-time wind speed, thereby driving the telescopic tower to extend and retract along the axis; at the same time, the radial extension protection mechanism is controlled to extend and retract to fix the telescopic tower.

[0014] Another feature of the present invention is that, The specific steps are as follows: When the anemometer detects that the wind speed is less than the rated operating wind speed of the wind turbine, the controller controls the traction mechanism to forward drive the traction steel wire rope and pulley block to extend the tower until the displacement sensor in the radial expansion protection mechanism detects that the probe is facing the displacement sensor probe hole. The feedback signal is sent to the controller to control the electro-hydraulic push rod of the radial expansion protection mechanism to extend and fix each section of the tower relatively. If the anemometer detects a wind speed greater than the wind turbine's rated wind speed but less than the wind turbine's cut-out wind speed during the tower extension process, the controller controls the radial telescopic protection mechanism to retract, releasing the relative fixation of the upper and lower tower sections, and controls the servo motor of the traction mechanism to reverse and release the wire rope, causing the uppermost tower section to move downwards along the axis. When the anemometer detects a wind speed greater than the wind turbine's cut-out wind speed, the controller controls the servo motor to reverse and quickly retract the upper tower section until the wind speed is less than the wind turbine's cut-out wind speed or the bottom of the upper tower section abuts against the inner support platform of the lowermost tower section, at which point the controller controls the traction mechanism to stop moving.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention relates to a small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure. It features real-time wind speed monitoring and automatic tower height adjustment based on different wind speed ranges, improving wind energy utilization efficiency, power generation, and economic viability in low-wind-speed environments. In high-wind-speed environments, reducing tower height minimizes significant rotor sway at the top of the turbine, extending its service life and operational capability. Furthermore, when troubleshooting components such as the generator and rotor at the top of the tower, the tower's telescopic design lowers the distance from the ground, enabling maintenance without the need for aerial work platforms or cranes, thus enhancing operational safety and convenience. The present invention provides a control method for a small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure. When the wind speed is lower than the rated wind speed of the wind turbine, the tower is extended to its highest position, providing support while improving wind energy utilization efficiency. When the wind speed is higher than the rated wind speed of the wind turbine, the tower is lowered to an appropriate or lowest position, reducing the problem of large radial sway of the wind turbine tower and top impeller in high wind speed environments. This significantly improves the structural stability and service life of the wind turbine, while also facilitating maintenance and saving costs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the impeller structure of the small wind turbine of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Top view in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the traction mechanism and radial telescopic protection mechanism in the small wind turbine of the present invention; Figure 5 In this invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure rotated 45° clockwise; Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the working state of the telescopic tower in the small wind turbine of the present invention when it is extended. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the transition plate in the small fan of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the working state of the telescopic tower in the small wind turbine of the present invention when it is fully retracted.

[0017] In the diagram, 1. Wind turbine, 1-1. Stator mounting base, 1-2. Generator stator shaft, 1-3. Generator disc rotor, 1-4. Lift blade, 1-5. Blade mounting plate, 1-6. Flange sleeve, 1-7. Helical drag blade, 1-8. Flange lifting lug, 1-9. Transition flange; 2. Anemometer; 3. Traction mechanism; 3-1. Servo motor; 3-2. Reducer; 3-3. Wire rope drum; 3-4. Main wire rope; 3-5. First fixed pulley; 5. Controller; 6. Foundation; 7. Telescopic tower; 7. Radial telescopic protection mechanism; 7-1. Windshield ring; 7-2. Electro-hydraulic actuator; 7-3. Piston head; 7-4. Displacement sensor; 7-5. Displacement sensor probe hole; 7-6. Reinforcing rib; 8. Fixed steel ring; 9. Inner support platform; 10. Piston through hole; 11. First fixed pulley; 12. Second fixed pulley; 13. Outer moving pulley; 14. Inner moving pulley; 15. Upper moving pulley; 16. Transition plate; 17. T-head fixing seat hole; 18. Wire rope fixing lug; 19. Upper flange; 20. Lower flange; 21. Secondary wire rope; 22. Groove; 23. Wire rope fixing pin; 24. Cover plate. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] Example 1 The small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure of the present invention has the following structure: Figure 1 As shown, it mainly includes an anemometer 2, telescopic tower 6, pulley block, radial telescopic protection mechanism 7, wind turbine 1, and traction mechanism 3.

[0020] The telescopic tower 6 comprises several concentrically installed segmented tower sections whose diameter decreases sequentially from the outside to the inside. The telescopic tower 6 is composed of several concentrically installed segmented towers with different outer diameters. The outermost segmented tower, which is directly connected to the ground foundation, has the largest diameter. The next outermost segmented tower, which is nested inside the outermost segmented tower and is in direct contact with it, has a slightly smaller diameter, and so on, with the diameter decreasing from the outside to the inside.

[0021] The bottom of the outermost segmented tower is fixed with a lower flange 20, which is connected to the foundation 5 by bolts; several inner support platforms 9 are evenly installed along the circumference of the inner wall of the outermost segmented tower near the bottom to support the inner segmented tower.

[0022] A wind turbine 1 is fixedly connected to the top of the telescopic tower 6. A fixed steel ring 8 is fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the telescopic tower 6 near the top. An anemometer 2 is fixedly installed on the fixed steel ring 8. A radial telescopic protection mechanism 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed steel ring 8. A piston head through hole 10 for the radial telescopic protection mechanism 7 to extend and retract is opened on the side of the telescopic tower 6. A pulley group is installed at the bottom inside the telescopic tower. The pulley group is connected to a traction mechanism 3 through a steel wire rope. The anemometer 2, the radial telescopic protection mechanism, and the traction mechanism are all connected to a controller 4. The anemometer 2 is connected to the controller 4 through a data signal transmission cable. The data signal transmission cable is wrapped around the outer periphery of the telescopic tower 6.

[0023] Anemometer 2 monitors wind speed in real time and transmits feedback to controller 4. Controller 4 controls traction mechanism 3 to pull the steel wire rope, which in turn raises and lowers the pulley block, thereby causing the telescopic tower 6 to extend or shorten along the axis. At the same time, it controls radial telescopic protection mechanism 7 to extend and fix the telescopic tower 6. This improves the wind turbine's power generation efficiency and service life, and reduces operation and maintenance difficulty and costs.

[0024] Example 2 Based on Example 1, the wind turbine structure is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the device includes a stator mounting base 1-1 connected to the flange at the top of the telescopic tower. A generator stator shaft 1-2 is vertically fixed to the center of the top of the stator mounting base 1-1. The end of the generator stator shaft 1-2 away from the disc-type stator mounting base 1-1 is connected to a generator disc rotor 1-3 via a bearing. Several lifting blades 1-4 are arranged above the generator disc rotor 1-3. Several blade fixing plates 1-5 are vertically fixed between each lifting blade 1-4 from bottom to top. The blade fixing plates 1-5 are parallel to each other. A flange sleeve 1-6 is vertically fixed between the centers of adjacent blade fixing plates 1-5. A spiral resistance blade 1-7 is fixed to the outer periphery of the flange sleeve 1-6. A flange lifting lug 1-8 is fixed to the upper end face of the uppermost blade fixing plate 1-5. The bottom of the lowermost blade fixing plate 1-5 is connected to the generator disc rotor 1-3 via a transition flange 1-9. The generator disc rotor 1-3 is electrically connected to the controller 4.

[0025] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the radial telescopic protection mechanism 7 includes a windshield ring 7-1 fixed to the bottom surface of the fixed steel ring 8. Several electro-hydraulic push rods 7-2 are uniformly fixed to the inner wall of the windshield ring 7-1. The fork of each electro-hydraulic push rod 7-2 is connected to a piston head 7-3 through a fixing pin. The piston head 7-3 matches the piston head through hole 10. Piston head through holes 10 are opened on the side of each segment of the tower and at the position corresponding to each piston head 7-3, and piston head through holes 10 are matched with piston heads 7-3; like Figure 4 As shown, a displacement sensor 7-4 is installed on the bottom surface of the fixed steel ring 8 every two electro-hydraulic actuators 7-2, as shown in the figure. Figure 3 As shown, the probe of displacement sensor 7-4 is directly facing the telescopic tower 6, each displacement sensor 7-4 is connected to the controller 4 via signal, and each electro-hydraulic actuator 7-2 is connected to the controller 4 via electrical connection. Each section of the tower has a displacement sensor probe hole 7-5 at the corresponding position of each displacement sensor 7-4. When the telescopic tower is fully retracted or fully extended, the probes of the displacement sensors 7-4 are all facing the displacement sensor probe holes 7-5, and each piston head 7-3 is facing the piston through hole 10.

[0026] like Figure 4 As shown, each electro-hydraulic actuator 7-2 is equipped with reinforcing ribs 7-6 on both sides. The reinforcing ribs 7-6 adopt a right-angled triangular structure, with one right-angled side fixed to the bottom surface of the fixed steel ring 8 and the other right-angled side fixed to the outer wall of the telescopic tower 6.

[0027] Example 3 Based on Example 2, such as Figure 4 As shown, the traction mechanism 3 includes a servo motor 3-1, a reducer 3-2, and a wire rope drum 3-3. The servo motor 3-1 is electrically connected to the controller 4. The output shaft of the servo motor 3-1 is keyed to the input shaft of the reducer 3-2. The output shaft of the reducer 3-2 is connected to the rotating shaft of the wire rope drum 3-3. The main wire rope 3-4 is wound on the wire rope drum 3-3. The main wire rope 3-4 passes through the telescopic tower 6 and is connected to the pulley block.

[0028] Example 4 Based on Example 3, such as Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the pulley block includes a first fixed pulley 11 and a transition plate 16 suspended inside the telescopic tower cavity. The height of the inner support platform is greater than the height of the first fixed pulley 11. A fixed shaft passing through the central axis of the tower is radially installed on the inner wall of the outermost segmented tower near the bottom. The first fixed pulley 11 is installed on the fixed shaft. The first fixed pulley 11 is connected to the first fixed pulley mounting seat by a fixing pin and is fixed to the foundation 5 by bolts. like Figure 7 As shown, several wire rope fixing ears 18 are evenly installed near the edge of the transition plate 16. A T-shaped head fixing seat hole 17 is opened at the center of the transition plate 16. A cover plate is provided on the upper part of the T-shaped head fixing seat hole 17 and it is connected by bolts. A wire rope through hole is opened on the side wall near the bottom of the outermost segment tower. The main wire rope 3-4 passes through the wire rope through hole, passes around the first fixed pulley 11 and the T-shaped head fixing seat hole 17, and is fixed by bolts and cover plate 24. The pulley system also includes second fixed pulleys 12 evenly installed on the inner side of the top of the outermost segment of the tower. The number of second fixed pulleys 12 is the same as the number of wire rope fixing lugs 18. Except for the outermost segment, the outer surfaces of the telescopic tower 6 are provided with grooves 22 along the axial direction corresponding to the positions of the second fixed pulleys 12. When the telescopic tower 6 extends or retracts axially, the second fixed pulleys 12 are located within the grooves 22 corresponding to the next outermost segment of the tower. Figure 3 As shown; Each groove of the outermost segmented tower is equipped with an external movable pulley 13. An internal movable pulley 14 is installed on the inner side of the bottom of the outermost segmented tower at the position corresponding to the external movable pulley 13. An upper flange 19 is fixed to the top of the innermost segmented tower. An upper movable pulley 15 is installed at the bottom of the upper flange 19 at the position corresponding to the internal movable pulley 14. The top of the upper flange 19 is connected to the wind turbine. The pulley block also includes auxiliary wire ropes 21, which are the same number as the second fixed pulleys 12. Wire rope fixing pins 23 are provided on the outer wall of the secondary outer layer segmented tower above each outer movable pulley 13. One end of each auxiliary wire rope 21 is fixed to the wire rope fixing pin 23, and the other end passes through the second fixed pulley 12, the outer movable pulley 13, the inner movable pulley 14, and the upper movable pulley 15 in sequence before being fixed to the wire rope fixing lug 18.

[0029] This invention relates to a small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure. When the wind speed detected by the wind speed detection mechanism is less than the wind turbine's rated operating wind speed, the control system controls the servo motor to drive the steel wire rope and the mixed pulley assembly forward, causing the tower to extend to its maximum length, thus achieving effective utilization of wind energy resources. Simultaneously, a radial telescopic protection mechanism fixes the upper tower relative to the lowermost tower installed on the ground, preventing damage to the tower and upper rotor from free fall if the steel wire rope fails. During operation, if the upper tower section encounters a wind speed greater than the wind turbine's rated wind speed but less than its cut-off wind speed, the control system retracts the radial telescopic protection mechanism, releasing the relative fixation between the upper and lower tower sections. The servo motor then reverses to gradually release the steel wire rope, causing the upper tower section to move downwards along the axis of the upper and lower tower sections. During this movement, the wind speed detected by the anemometer installed at the top of the uppermost tower section is always greater than or slightly higher than the wind turbine's rated wind speed, ensuring effective development and utilization of wind resources. When the wind speed exceeds the wind speed cutoff of the wind turbine, the traction mechanism controls the servo motor to reverse and quickly retract the upper section of the tower back to the support platform at the bottom of the lowest section of the tower. This solves the problem of large radial sway and short fatigue life of the upper tower and rotor under high wind speeds in current wind turbines. At the same time, after the upper section of the tower is retracted, the height of the wind turbine tower is significantly reduced, which facilitates the replacement of easily damaged components such as the rotor and routine maintenance. It enables maintenance work on the generator, rotor and other structural components at the top of the wind turbine without the assistance of aerial work platforms or cranes, improving the safety of maintenance personnel and reducing maintenance costs.

[0030] Example 5 The control method of the small wind turbine with telescopic tower structure of the present invention uses the device of embodiment 4, and the steps are as follows: the anemometer 2 monitors the wind speed in real time and transmits the feedback to the controller 4. The controller 4 controls the traction mechanism 3 to pull the steel wire rope to raise and lower the pulley block according to the real-time wind speed, thereby driving the telescopic tower 6 to extend and retract along the axis. At the same time, the radial extension protection mechanism 7 is controlled to extend and retract to fix the telescopic tower 6.

[0031] Specifically: When the anemometer 2 detects that the wind speed is less than the rated operating wind speed of the wind turbine, the controller 4 controls the traction mechanism 3 to forward drive the traction steel wire rope and pulley block to extend the tower until the displacement sensor 7-4 in the radial expansion protection mechanism 7 detects that the probe is facing the displacement sensor probe hole 7-5, and sends a feedback signal to the controller 7 to control the electro-hydraulic push rod 7-2 of the radial expansion protection mechanism 7 to extend and fix each section of the tower relatively. If the anemometer 2 detects that the wind speed is greater than the rated wind speed of the wind turbine but less than the cut-out wind speed of the wind turbine, the controller 4 controls the radial telescopic protection mechanism 7 to retract, releasing the relative fixing effect of the upper and lower tower sections, and controls the servo motor 3-1 of the traction mechanism 3 to reverse and release the wire rope, and the uppermost tower section moves downward along the axis; when the anemometer 2 detects that the wind speed is greater than the cut-out wind speed of the wind turbine, the controller 4 controls the servo motor 3-1 to reverse and quickly retract the upper tower section until the wind speed is less than the cut-out wind speed of the wind turbine or the bottom of the upper tower section abuts against the inner support platform of the lowermost tower section, the controller 4 controls the traction mechanism 3 to stop moving; During maintenance, controller 4 controls the servo motor 3-1 of traction mechanism 3 to reverse and release the wire rope. The uppermost tower section moves downward along the axis until the bottom of the upper tower section abuts against the inner support platform of the lowermost tower section. That is, displacement sensor 7-4 detects that the probe is facing the displacement sensor probe hole 7-5. Controller 4 then controls traction mechanism 3 to reverse and stop moving.

[0032] Example 6 The small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure of the present invention has the following structure: Figure 1 The components shown include: an anemometer 2, telescopic tower 6, pulley block, radial telescopic protection mechanism 7, wind turbine 1, and traction mechanism 3.

[0033] The telescopic tower 6 includes a first segment tower and a second segment tower, which are installed concentrically with their diameters decreasing sequentially from the outside to the inside. The top of the second segment tower is connected to the wind turbine 1 via an upper flange 19, and the bottom of the first segment tower is fixed to the foundation 5 via a lower flange 20. At 60° intervals along the circumference, an inner support platform 9 is welded to the inner wall of the first segment tower to support the second segment tower. The height of the inner support platform is greater than the height of the first fixed pulley 11.

[0034] A fixed steel ring 8 is welded to the outer periphery of the first section of the tower near the top. An anemometer 2 is fixedly installed on the fixed steel ring 8. A radial telescopic protection mechanism 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed steel ring 8. A piston head through hole 10 for the radial telescopic protection mechanism 7 to extend and retract is opened on the side of the first section of the tower.

[0035] A pulley system is installed at the bottom of the telescopic tower. The pulley system is connected to the traction mechanism 3 via a steel wire rope. The anemometer 2, the radial telescopic protection mechanism, and the traction mechanism are all connected to the controller 4. The anemometer 2 is connected to the controller 4 via a data signal transmission cable, which is wrapped around the outer circumference of the first section of the tower. The controller 4 is located in a control cabinet, which is installed on the ground foundation or indoors.

[0036] The traction mechanism 3 includes a servo motor 3-1, a reducer 3-2, and a wire rope drum 3-3. The servo motor 3-1 is electrically connected to the controller 4. The output shaft of the servo motor 3-1 is keyed to the input shaft of the reducer 3-2. The output shaft of the reducer 3-2 is connected to the rotating shaft of the wire rope drum 3-3. A main wire rope 3-4 is wound on the wire rope drum 3-3 and passes through the telescopic tower 6 and is connected to the pulley block. The wire rope drum 3-3 is mounted on a wire rope drum seat, which is bolted to the foundation 5. The bottom of the reducer and servo motor housings is fixedly connected to the mounting base with bolts.

[0037] The pulley system includes fixed pulleys, movable pulleys, and wire ropes. A fixed shaft passing through the central axis of the tower is radially installed on the inner wall of the first segment of the tower near the bottom. A first fixed pulley 11 is located in the middle of the fixed shaft. Four second fixed pulleys 12 are installed at 90° intervals around the inner wall of the top of the first segment of the tower. Four external movable pulleys 13 are installed on the outer wall of the bottom of the second segment of the tower, and four internal movable pulleys 14 are installed at 90° intervals around the inner wall. Four upper movable pulleys 15 are installed at 90° intervals around the bottom of the upper flange 19. Both the pulleys and the movable pulleys are located in planes spaced 90° apart around the circumference. A wire rope transition plate 16 is installed in the annular space of the second segment of the tower. Four wire rope fixing ears 18 are spaced 90° apart on the top surface of the transition plate 16. A T-shaped head fixing hole 17 for a single wire rope end is located in the center. A cover plate 24 is installed above the T-shaped head fixing hole and connected by bolts. This is used to connect the wire ropes leading from the pulley grooves spaced 90° apart at the top into a single unit, facilitating synchronous traction between the single wire rope passing through the central fixing hole and the servo motor. The wire rope transition plate 16 is used to convert the synchronous traction of the tower extension and retraction by the four auxiliary wire ropes 21 into a single main wire rope 3-4 connected to the servo motor 3-1 for tower extension and retraction.

[0038] An axial groove 22 is provided at the position corresponding to the second fixed pulley 12 on the outer circumference of the second segment tower. Figure 5As shown, the four grooves are distributed at 90° along the circumference of the second segment tower. When the telescopic tower extends or retracts, the second fixed pulley 12 is located in the axial groove 22. It is mainly used to prevent the second segment tower from circumferentially deflecting during the extension and retraction process in the first segment tower, so as to avoid contact friction interference collision of structural components.

[0039] One end of each of the four auxiliary wire ropes passes through four wire rope fixing pins 23 welded at 90° intervals around the bottom outer wall of the second section tower and is secured by wire rope clamps. The four auxiliary wire ropes are then guided upwards, passing through four second fixed pulleys 12 installed at 90° intervals around the top inner wall of the first section tower. Next, the four auxiliary wire ropes are guided downwards sequentially, passing through external and internal movable pulleys installed at 90° intervals around the bottom outer and inner walls of the second section tower, and then sequentially passing through the bottom circumference of the upper flange 19 at the top of the second section tower. Four upper pulleys 15 are installed at 90° intervals. Finally, four wire rope fixing ears 18 are provided at 90° intervals on the top surface of the wire rope transition plate 16 and are fixed by wire rope buckles. One end of the single thicker main wire rope 3-4 passes through the T-head fixing seat hole 17 and is fixed in the T-head fixing seat hole 17 with cover plate 24 and bolts. The other end of the main wire rope 3-4 passes around the first fixed pulley 11 in the bottom fixing shaft of the first segment tower and then passes through the wire rope through hole of the first segment tower, and is wound around the outer circumference of the wire rope drum 3-3 in the traction mechanism.

[0040] The radial telescopic protection mechanism 7 is welded to the windproof ring 7-1 on the bottom surface of the fixed steel ring 8. The windproof ring is welded to the lower end face of the fixed steel ring. Four electro-hydraulic actuators are installed at 90° intervals in the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the windproof ring. The fork of each electro-hydraulic actuator 7-2 is connected to a piston head 7-3 through a fixing pin. The piston head 7-3 matches the piston head through hole 10 opened on the side of the first segment tower. Displacement sensors 7-4 are installed between adjacent electro-hydraulic actuators at 180° intervals around the circumference. The displacement sensors are mounted on their mounting bases and then bolted to the bottom surface of the fixing steel ring 8. Displacement sensor probe holes 7-5 are located near the top of the first tower section, and near the top and bottom of the second tower section. Each displacement sensor 7-4 corresponds to and matches a displacement sensor probe hole 7-5. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown.

[0041] Each electro-hydraulic actuator 7-2 is equipped with triangular reinforcing ribs 7-6 on both sides. The displacement sensor 7-4 is signal-connected to the controller 4, and each electro-hydraulic actuator 7-2 is electrically connected to the controller 4.

[0042] The radial telescopic protection fixed connection mechanism mainly serves a connection and fixation function. When the upper second section of the tower extends (rises) to its limit position, that is, when the displacement sensor probe is directly facing the displacement sensor probe hole, the electro-hydraulic push rods 7-2 distributed circumferentially by the radial telescopic protection mechanism extend from the displacement sensor probe hole 7-5 at the upper end of the first section of the tower and pass through the displacement sensor probe hole 7-5 at the lower end of the second section of the tower. The first and second sections of the tower are fixedly connected in the axial direction, preventing the steel wire in the pulley block from suddenly failing and breaking due to the continuous tension of the tower's gravity, which would cause the upper section of the tower to fall freely to the ground, resulting in damage to the wind turbine and dangerous accidents.

[0043] The wind turbine 1 includes a stator mounting base 1-1. A lower flange is fixed to the bottom of the stator mounting base 1-1. The lower flange is bolted to the upper flange 19 of the second segment tower. A generator stator shaft 1-2 is vertically fixed to the top center of the stator mounting base 1-1. The lower section of the generator stator shaft 1-2 has threads on its outer circumference. A matching threaded groove is provided at the top center of the stator mounting base 1-1. The lower section of the generator stator shaft 1-2 is threaded to the stator mounting base 1-1 and locked with a self-locking nut. The generator stator shaft 1-2, away from the disc stator mounting base 1-1, is connected to the generator disc rotor 1-3 via a bearing. Three lifting blades 1-4 are mounted above the generator disc rotor 1-3. Three blade fixing plates 1-5 are vertically fixed to each lifting blade 1-4 from bottom to top, and the blade fixing plates 1-5 are parallel to each other. A flange sleeve 1-6 is vertically fixed between the centers of adjacent blade fixing plates 1-5, with both ends of the flange sleeve 1-6 fixed to the centers of the adjacent blade fixing plates. Helical resistance blades 1-7 are fixed to the outer periphery of the flange sleeve 1-6. A flange lifting lug 1-8 is fixed to the upper end face of the uppermost blade fixing plate 1-5, and the bottom of the lowermost blade fixing plate 1-5 is connected to the generator disc rotor 1-3 via a transition flange 1-9. The generator disc rotor 1-3 is electrically connected to the controller 4.

[0044] Example 7 The control method for a small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure of the present invention, using the apparatus of Example 6, comprises the following steps: The wind turbine is installed in its initial state. The bottom end face of the second section tower rests on the inner support platform 9 at the bottom end of the first section tower. The total length of the first and second section towers is minimized. Figure 8 As shown, the axial distances between the two displacement sensor probe holes, which are 180° apart circumferentially, and the four piston head through holes 10, which are 90° apart circumferentially, and the displacement sensor probe holes 7-5 and piston head through holes 10 on the second section of the tower are the largest. The second section of the tower and the electro-hydraulic push rod 7-2 are in a retracted state, while the servo motor 3-1 and the main and auxiliary wire ropes are in a released state. The wire rope transition plate 16 and the main wire rope 3-4 are at the top of the second section of the tower.

[0045] When the wind speed detected by the anemometer 2 is less than or equal to the rated operating wind speed of the wind turbine (the wind turbine and segmented towers operate at wind speeds below the rated speed for extended periods throughout the year), in order to fully utilize the high-altitude wind energy, the segmented towers in the wind turbine must be fully extended to maximize the utilization of high-altitude wind energy (wind speed increases significantly with height), thereby improving wind energy utilization and power generation at low wind speeds. The controller 4 controls the servo motor 3-1 in the traction mechanism 3 to drive the wire rope drum 3-3 to rotate forward. The main wire rope 3-4 passes around the first fixed pulley 11 and then pulls the wire rope transition plate 16, which in turn drives the four auxiliary wire ropes 21 to drive the upper moving pulley 15, inner moving pulley 14, outer moving pulley 13, and second fixed pulley 12, which are installed at 90° intervals around the first and second segmented towers, to rotate counterclockwise and gradually extend the second segmented tower. During this process, two sets of displacement sensors monitor in real time the distance between the sensor probe end face and the outer wall of the second segmented tower, which fluctuates slightly. like Figure 6 As shown, when the two displacement sensor probe holes at 180° circumferential intervals on the upper part of the first segment tower are nearly concentrically aligned with the displacement sensor probe holes at the bottom of the second segment tower, and the four piston head through holes 10 at 90° circumferential intervals in the first segment tower are nearly concentrically aligned with the piston head through holes 10 on the second segment tower, and the end faces of the two sets of displacement sensor probes are directly opposite the displacement sensor probe holes at the bottom of the second segment tower, the distance monitored in real time by the two sets of displacement sensors is either infinite or the sensor's range (significantly greater than the detection value when not aligned), feedback is generated. The signal to controller 4 controls the servo motor 3-1 in traction mechanism 3 to stop forward rotation and initiate braking action. Simultaneously, it controls the piston head 7-3 of electro-hydraulic push rod 7-2 to extend and pass through the piston head 10 on the first segment tower and the piston hole 10 at the bottom of the second segment tower in sequence. This achieves relative and safe fixation between the first segment tower and the second segment tower, preventing the second segment tower from falling and damaging the fan in the event of power failure, braking or other faults in the control system. At the same time, it avoids the wire rope being in a traction state for a long time, greatly extending its cycle service life.

[0046] When the second section of the tower extends to its highest position and encounters extreme weather conditions with wind speeds exceeding the wind turbine's safe wind speed, or when components such as the upper impeller of the wind turbine require maintenance, controller 4 first controls servo motor 3-1 to rotate forward, pre-tightening the main wire rope 3-4 and auxiliary wire rope 21. This prevents the wire ropes from loosening or the servo motor braking system from malfunctioning due to the long-term safety protection of the piston head in the electro-hydraulic push rod 7-2 in the radial telescopic mechanism. Subsequently, controller 4 controls the piston head 7-3 of the electro-hydraulic push rod 7-2 to retract and return to its initial position. At this time, the piston head 7-3 releases the relative fixing effect between the first and second section tower sections. Controller 4 then controls servo motor 3-1 to retract and return to its initial position. At this time, the piston head 7-3 releases the relative fixing effect between the first and second section tower sections. Controller 4 then controls servo motor 3-1 to rotate forward, pre-tightening the main wire rope 3-4 and auxiliary wire rope 21. 1. The main wire rope 3-4 is gradually released in reverse. During this process, under the gravity of the second section of the tower, the main wire rope 3-4 sequentially drives the wire rope drum 3-3 and the first fixed pulley 11 to rotate counterclockwise. Through the wire rope transition plate 16, it pulls four auxiliary wire ropes 21 to sequentially drive the upper movable pulley 15, inner movable pulley 14, outer movable pulley 13, and second fixed pulley 12, which are installed at 90° intervals around the first and second sections of the tower, to rotate clockwise. The main wire rope and auxiliary wire ropes drive the second section of the tower to gradually retract to the bottom support platform of the second section of the tower, which is located between the bottom of the second section of the tower and the inner wall of the bottom of the first section of the tower. Figure 8 As shown, when displacement sensor 7-4 detects that the probe is simultaneously aligned with the displacement sensor probe hole at the top of the first segment tower and the displacement sensor probe hole 7-5 at the upper section of the second segment tower, it indicates that the second segment tower has retracted to its lowest position. The bottom of the second segment tower abuts against the inner support platform 9 of the first segment tower. Controller 4 controls the stop servo motor 3-1 to reverse, preventing the main wire rope from unwinding in the wire rope drum. When the second segment tower is retracted to its lowest position, it solves the problems of large radial sway and short fatigue life of the upper tower and rotor under high wind speeds in current wind turbines. At the same time, after the upper segment tower is retracted, the height of the wind turbine tower is significantly reduced, facilitating the replacement of easily damaged components such as the rotor and routine maintenance. It enables maintenance work on the generator, rotor, and other structural components at the top of the wind turbine without the assistance of aerial work platforms or cranes, improving the safety of maintenance personnel and reducing maintenance costs.

Claims

1. A small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure, characterized in that, The system includes a telescopic tower (6), which comprises several concentrically installed segmented tower sections with decreasing diameters from the outside to the inside. A wind turbine (1) is fixed to the top of the telescopic tower (6), and a fixed steel ring (8) is fixed to the outer periphery of the telescopic tower (6) near the top. An anemometer (2) is fixedly installed on the fixed steel ring (8), and a radial telescopic protection mechanism (7) is fixed to the bottom of the fixed steel ring (8). A piston head through hole (10) for the radial telescopic protection mechanism (7) to extend and retract is provided on the side of the telescopic tower (6). A pulley block is installed at the bottom of the telescopic tower, and the pulley block is connected to a traction mechanism (3) via a steel wire rope. The anemometer (2), the radial telescopic protection mechanism, and the traction mechanism are all connected to a controller (4). The controller (4) controls the traction mechanism (3) to pull the steel wire rope to extend and retract, thereby driving the pulley block to rise and fall, thus driving the telescopic tower (6) to extend and retract. At the same time, it controls the radial telescopic protection mechanism (7) to extend and retract to fix the telescopic tower (6).

2. The small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anemometer (2) is connected to the controller (4) via a data signal transmission cable, which is wrapped around the outer periphery of the telescopic tower (6).

3. The small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wind turbine includes a stator mounting base (1-1) connected to the top flange of the telescopic tower. A generator stator shaft (1-2) is vertically fixed to the top center of the stator mounting base (1-1). The end of the generator stator shaft (1-2) away from the disc-type stator mounting base (1-1) is connected to a generator disc rotor (1-3) via a bearing. Several lifting blades (1-4) are arranged above the generator disc rotor (1-3). Several blade fixing plates (1-5) are vertically fixed between each of the lifting blades (1-4) from bottom to top. Each blade fixing plate (1-5) is parallel to each other. A flange sleeve (1-6) is vertically fixed between the centers of adjacent blade fixing plates (1-5). A spiral resistance blade (1-7) is fixed to the outer periphery of the flange sleeve (1-6). A flange lifting lug (1-8) is fixed to the upper end face of the uppermost blade fixing plate (1-5). The bottom of the lowermost blade fixing plate (1-5) is connected to the generator disc rotor (1-3) through a transition flange (1-9). The generator disc rotor (1-3) is electrically connected to the controller (4).

4. The small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radial telescopic protection mechanism (7) includes a windshield ring (7-1) fixed to the bottom surface of the fixed steel ring (8). Several electro-hydraulic push rods (7-2) are uniformly fixed to the inner wall of the windshield ring (7-1). The fork of each electro-hydraulic push rod (7-2) is connected to a piston head (7-3) through a fixing pin. The piston head (7-3) matches the piston head through hole (10). Piston head through holes (10) are opened on the side of each segment of the tower at positions corresponding to each piston head (7-3), and piston head through holes (10) are matched with piston heads (7-3); A displacement sensor (7-4) is installed on the bottom surface of the fixed steel ring (8) every two electro-hydraulic push rods (7-2). The probe of the displacement sensor (7-4) faces the telescopic tower (6). Each displacement sensor (7-4) is connected to the controller (4) via signal, and each electro-hydraulic push rod (7-2) is connected to the controller (4) via electrical connection. Each segment of the tower has a displacement sensor probe hole (7-5) at the corresponding position of each displacement sensor (7-4). When the telescopic tower is fully retracted or fully extended, the probes of the displacement sensors (7-4) are all facing the displacement sensor probe holes (7-5), and each piston head (7-3) is facing the piston through hole (10).

5. The small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, Each of the electro-hydraulic actuators (7-2) is equipped with reinforcing ribs (7-6) on both sides. The reinforcing ribs (7-6) adopt a right-angled triangular structure. One right-angled side is fixed to the bottom surface of the fixed steel ring (8), and the other right-angled side is fixed to the outer wall of the telescopic tower (6).

6. The small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The traction mechanism (3) includes a servo motor (3-1), a reducer (3-2), and a wire rope drum (3-3). The servo motor (3-1) is electrically connected to the controller (4). The output shaft of the servo motor (3-1) is keyed to the input shaft of the reducer (3-2). The output shaft of the reducer (3-2) is connected to the rotating shaft of the wire rope drum (3-3). A main wire rope (3-4) is wound on the wire rope drum (3-3). The main wire rope (3-4) passes through the telescopic tower (6) and is connected to the pulley block.

7. The small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulley assembly includes a first fixed pulley (11) and a transition plate (16) suspended in the inner cavity of the telescopic tower. A fixed shaft passing through the central axis of the tower is radially installed on the inner wall of the outermost segmented tower near the bottom. The first fixed pulley (11) is installed on the fixed shaft. Several wire rope fixing ears (18) are evenly installed near the edge of the transition plate (16). A T-shaped head fixing seat hole (17) is opened at the center of the transition plate (16). A cover plate is provided on the upper part of the T-shaped head fixing seat hole (17) and connected by bolts. The wire rope led out from the traction mechanism passes through the first fixed pulley (11) and the T-shaped head fixing seat hole (17) in sequence and is fixed by bolts and cover plate (24). The pulley system also includes a second fixed pulley (12) evenly installed on the inner side of the top of the outermost segment tower. The number of the second fixed pulleys (12) is the same as the number of wire rope fixing ears (18). Except for the outermost segment tower, the outer side of the telescopic tower (6) and the corresponding position of the second fixed pulley (12) are provided with grooves (22) along the axial direction. When the telescopic tower (6) is axially extended and retracted, the second fixed pulley (12) is located in the groove (22) corresponding to the second outermost segment tower. Each groove of the outermost segmented tower is equipped with an external movable pulley (13). An internal movable pulley (14) is installed on the inner side of the bottom of the outermost segmented tower, corresponding to the external movable pulley (13). An upper flange (19) is fixed to the top of the innermost segmented tower. An upper movable pulley (15) is installed on the bottom of the upper flange (19) corresponding to the internal movable pulley (14). The top of the upper flange (19) is connected to the wind turbine. The pulley system also includes auxiliary wire ropes (21), the number of which is the same as that of the second fixed pulleys (12). The outer wall of the sub-outer layer segmented tower is provided with wire rope fixing pins (23) above each outer movable pulley (13). One end of each auxiliary wire rope (21) is fixed to the wire rope fixing pin (23), and the other end passes through the second fixed pulley (12), outer movable pulley (13), inner movable pulley (14), and upper movable pulley (15) in sequence before being fixed to the wire rope fixing lug (18).

8. The small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The bottom end of the outermost segmented tower is fixed with a lower flange (20), which is fixed to the foundation (5); a number of inner support platforms (9) for supporting the inner segmented tower are evenly installed along the circumference near the bottom of the inner wall of the outermost segmented tower. The height of the inner support platform is greater than the height of the first fixed pulley (11).

9. The control method for a small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure as described in claims 1-8, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: the anemometer (2) monitors the wind speed in real time and transmits feedback to the controller (4). The controller (4) controls the traction mechanism (3) to pull the steel wire rope to lift and lower the pulley block according to the real-time wind speed, thereby driving the telescopic tower (6) to extend and retract along the axis. At the same time, the radial telescopic protection mechanism (7) is controlled to extend and fix the telescopic tower (6).

10. The control method for a small wind turbine with a telescopic tower structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: When the anemometer (2) detects that the wind speed is less than the rated working wind speed of the fan, the controller (4) controls the traction mechanism (3) to forward drive the traction wire rope and pulley block to extend the tower until the displacement sensor (7-4) in the radial expansion protection mechanism (7) detects that the probe is facing the displacement sensor probe hole (7-5), and sends a feedback signal to the controller (7) to control the electro-hydraulic push rod (7-2) of the radial expansion protection mechanism (7) to extend and fix each section of the tower relatively. If the anemometer (2) detects that the wind speed is greater than the rated wind speed of the wind turbine but less than the cut-out wind speed of the wind turbine, the controller (4) controls the radial telescopic protection mechanism (7) to retract, release the relative fixing effect of the upper and lower tower sections, and controls the servo motor (3-1) of the traction mechanism (3) to reverse and release the wire rope, and the uppermost tower section moves downward along the axis; when the anemometer (2) detects that the wind speed is greater than the cut-out wind speed of the wind turbine, the controller (4) controls the servo motor (3-1) to reverse and quickly retract the upper tower section until the wind speed is less than the cut-out wind speed of the wind turbine or the bottom of the upper tower section abuts against the inner support platform of the lowermost tower section, the controller (4) controls the traction mechanism (3) to stop moving; During maintenance, the controller (4) controls the servo motor (3-1) of the traction mechanism (3) to reverse and release the wire rope. The uppermost tower section moves down along the axis until the bottom of the upper tower section abuts against the inner support platform of the lowermost tower section. That is, the displacement sensor (7-4) detects that the probe is facing the displacement sensor probe hole (7-5). The controller (4) controls the traction mechanism (3) to reverse and stop moving.

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