Brake shoe block integrated press forming equipment and process thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a brake shoe integrated pressing forming equipment and a process thereof, and relates to the brake shoe manufacturing field.The equipment comprises a guide frame, a pressing mechanism, a pressing frame and a bearing mechanism; the bearing mechanism is provided with a bearing frame, a positioning frame and two groups of limiting frames; through triangular wedge wedge surface cooperation and elastic reset parts, automatic vertical locking is realized by using pressing down pressure, the positioning frame continuously presses the workpiece in baking, and the bearing mechanism can integrally flow and bake.The process comprises four steps of workpiece clamping, work position transfer, pressing locking and baking curing, and integrated continuous operation of pressing and baking is realized.The application effectively improves the brake shoe bonding strength and production efficiency, the workpiece is uniformly heated, the curing quality is stable, and the application is suitable for batch production of drum brake shoes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of brake shoe manufacturing technology, specifically to integrated brake shoe pressing and molding equipment and its process. Background Technology

[0002] Brake shoes, as the core actuator of drum braking systems, are widely used in the braking devices of various automobiles, motorcycles, construction machinery, and agricultural machinery. They are mainly composed of a metal bracket and a friction material layer, and the reliability of their bonding directly affects the braking performance, service life, and driving safety of the braking system. With the continuous growth of motor vehicle ownership and the increasing demands for braking safety performance, the market demand for brake shoes is expanding, while higher requirements are being placed on their bonding strength, wear resistance, noise reduction, and production efficiency.

[0003] In the current manufacturing process of brake pads, the friction material layer and the metal brake pad are typically bonded together using adhesives. Assembly is completed through processes such as gluing, bonding, and pressurization, followed by further processing to form the finished product. When using adhesive bonding, the bonding strength of the adhesive layer is affected by various factors, including adhesive performance, gluing process, and surface treatment quality. The adhesive interface is prone to performance degradation under long-term alternating loads and high-temperature environments. Furthermore, the friction material layer relies primarily on the shear strength of the adhesive layer to withstand tangential forces, resulting in technical defects such as low bonding shear strength, insufficient wear resistance, poor operational stability, and high braking noise.

[0004] At the production equipment level, existing pressing equipment can typically only complete station-level pressing operations. During the pressing process, a pressure mechanism is required to maintain continuous pressure, preventing the workpiece from entering the baking process simultaneously. After pressing, the workpiece must be transferred to a dedicated baking fixture for secondary clamping before being placed in an oven for curing, resulting in a cumbersome production process and low station turnover efficiency. Furthermore, existing baking fixtures are mostly enclosed support structures, leading to uneven heating of the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece and significant differences in the degree of curing within the same batch, further reducing the consistency of bonding strength and product qualification rate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated pressing and molding equipment and process for brake shoes, so as to solve the problems of low bonding strength and poor connection stability caused by the bonding method of connecting brake pads and shoe frames in the prior art. At the same time, it solves the technical problems of the separation of pressing and baking processes, cumbersome production process, uneven heating of workpieces during baking, and poor consistency of curing quality.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The integrated brake shoe pressing and molding equipment includes a guide frame, a pressing mechanism fixedly installed on the guide frame, a pressure applying frame movably installed at the bottom of the pressing mechanism, and a bearing mechanism slidably installed on the guide frame.

[0007] The supporting mechanism includes a support frame, a positioning frame, a first limiting frame, and a second limiting frame. The support frame supports the workpiece body, and the two second limiting frames are slidably installed on the bottom sides of the support frame in the horizontal direction. The positioning frame is mounted above the two second limiting frames, and the bottom of the positioning frame is fixedly connected to the first limiting frame. A triangular wedge is provided at the bottom of the outer side wall of the first limiting frame, and a corresponding triangular wedge is provided on the inner side wall of the second limiting frame. The angles of the inclined surfaces of the two triangular wedges are matched and can form a wedge surface sliding fit. An elastic reset member is provided between the support frame and the second limiting frame, and the elastic reset member is used to apply an elastic reset force toward the inner side of the support frame to the second limiting frame.

[0008] The first and second limiting frames are configured such that when the pressing mechanism drives the pressure frame to move downward, the pressure frame presses down on the positioning frame and drives the first limiting frame to move downward synchronously. The two triangular wedges slide against each other and push the second limiting frame to slide outward against the elastic force of the elastic reset member. When the first limiting frame moves down to the point where the wedges pass the mating position, the second limiting frame slides inward to reset under the action of the elastic reset member, so that the top surface of the wedge of the second limiting frame and the bottom surface of the wedge of the first limiting frame vertically abut against each other, forming a vertical lock, so that the positioning frame continuously presses the workpiece body onto the support frame.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner side of the support frame is provided with a first reserved groove that runs vertically through it at equal intervals along its length direction, and the upper end face and the front and rear ends of the support frame on both sides of the first reserved groove are respectively provided with insertion grooves.

[0010] Furthermore, guide rods are fixedly installed on the bottom sides of the support frame along its length, and the elastic reset component is a tension spring; the tension spring is fitted onto the guide rod, one end of the tension spring is fixedly connected to the support frame, and the other end is fixedly connected to the second limiting frame; an avoidance hole is provided at the bottom of the outer wall of the second limiting frame along its length, and the guide rod passes through the avoidance hole and slides with the second limiting frame.

[0011] Furthermore, the curvature of the bottom inner side of the positioning frame matches the curvature of the top of the workpiece brake pad; the two inner side walls of the positioning frame are integrally formed with limiting eaves, and the relative distance between the two limiting eaves on the same positioning frame is adapted to the width of the brake pad; the positioning frame has a second reserved groove that runs vertically through it in a rectangular array.

[0012] Furthermore, the bottom of the positioning frame is detachably connected to the top of the first limiting frame by mounting bolts.

[0013] Furthermore, the inclined plane angles of the two triangular wedges are both 35° to 45°. In the vertically locked state, the horizontal component of the vertical force is less than the sum of the reset force of the elastic reset member and the wedge surface friction force, thus forming a self-locking structure.

[0014] This invention also provides an integrated brake shoe pressing and molding process, which, using the aforementioned integrated brake shoe pressing and molding equipment, includes the following steps: Step 1: Workpiece clamping. Place the shoe block frame on the support frame, then place the brake pad on the shoe block frame. After connecting the positioning frame to the first limit frame, place it above the second limit frame and pre-position the brake pad through the positioning frame. Step 2: Workpiece conveying, slide the entire bearing mechanism along the guide frame to directly below the pressure frame; Step 3: Press and lock. Start the pressing mechanism to drive the pressure frame to move down, which drives the first limit frame to move down synchronously and form a wedge surface engagement with the second limit frame. This pushes the second limit frame to overcome the elastic force of the elastic reset member and move horizontally outward. After pressing down to the position, the second limit frame is reset under the action of the elastic reset member, forming a vertical lock on the first limit frame, so that the positioning frame presses the brake pads onto the shoe block frame. Step 4: Baking and curing. The entire supporting mechanism is moved along the guide frame into the oven, and the hoof block frame and brake pads are cured and connected through baking.

[0015] Furthermore, in step one, the mating surface of the shoe block frame is first roughened by sandblasting and coated with modified phenolic resin adhesive primer, and then left to dry to the surface. The brake pad is a preformed green blank made of iron-based powder metallurgy, with a 3% to 5% compression allowance reserved in the green blank. During clamping, the bottom of the shoe block frame is aligned with the insertion slot and inserted vertically to achieve vertical positioning. The brake pad is then attached to the top of the shoe block frame, and the limiting eaves of the positioning frame are engaged with the two sides of the brake pad to form a lateral limiting.

[0016] Furthermore, in step four, the baking and curing process adopts a segmented temperature control system: first, preheating at 80 to 100°C for 20 to 30 minutes, then raising the temperature to 160 to 180°C and holding for 120 to 180 minutes for curing, and finally gradually cooling down to below 100°C before removing the workpiece from the oven; during the baking process, the hot air from the oven flows from bottom to top through the first reserved slot and from top to bottom through the second reserved slot, forming an upward and downward convection heat exchange.

[0017] Furthermore, after baking, the process also includes an unlocking and removal step: pull the two second limiting frames outwards from the support frame so that the wedges of the second limiting frames are disengaged from the area directly below the wedges of the first limiting frames, remove the positioning frame and the first limiting frame upwards, and then remove the finished brake shoe block after curing.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention utilizes an automatic locking structure with wedge-shaped interlocking to maintain a continuous and stable clamping force between the brake pads and the brake shoe frame throughout the baking and curing process. Combined with interface pretreatment and segmented curing processes, the interface forms a tight mechanical interlocking and chemical bond, resulting in a significant improvement in shear strength compared to traditional atmospheric pressure bonding processes. This effectively solves the problems of easy detachment and high braking noise associated with traditional bonding methods, and eliminates the risk of adhesive layer degradation during long-term use.

[0019] Automatic vertical locking can be achieved by using the downward pressure of the pressing process. After pressing, there is no need for the pressing mechanism to continue applying pressure. The carrying mechanism can be directly transferred to the oven for baking and curing, eliminating the need for secondary clamping and tooling transfer, simplifying the production process and significantly improving the efficiency of mass production.

[0020] The support frame has a first reserved slot and the positioning frame has a second reserved slot. During the baking process, hot air can flow through the upper and lower sides of the workpiece to form convective heat transfer. The workpiece is heated evenly as a whole, the curing degree of products in the same batch is small, the bonding strength is consistent, and the finished product qualification rate is high.

[0021] The triangular wedge block adopts a self-locking tilt angle design, and will not loosen on its own even if the clamping force fluctuates during the baking process, ensuring a stable and reliable locking state. The positioning frame and the first limit frame are connected by bolts for easy removal, and the corresponding positioning frame can be quickly replaced according to different specifications of brake shoes, making the equipment widely adaptable. The whole system adopts a reset structure with guide rods and tension springs, ensuring smooth sliding, reliable operation, simple structure, and low maintenance cost.

[0022] The positioning frame is equipped with a limiting eave structure, which can reliably limit the lateral movement of the brake pads and prevent them from shifting laterally during pressing and baking. The bearing frame is equipped with an insertion slot to achieve precise vertical positioning of the shoe block frame, resulting in high workpiece clamping and positioning accuracy and good consistency of pressing position. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the supporting mechanism structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the load-bearing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified view of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the support frame and the second limiting frame of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the workpiece body structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the positioning frame and the first limiting frame of the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Guide frame; 2. Pressing mechanism; 3. Pressure applying frame; 4. Bearing mechanism; 41. Bearing frame; 411. First reserved slot; 412. Insertion slot; 42. Workpiece body; 421. Shoe block frame; 422. Brake pad; 43. Positioning frame; 431. Limiting eaves; 432. Second reserved slot; 433. Mounting bolt; 44. First limiting frame; 45. Second limiting frame; 451. Clearance hole; 46. Guide rod; 47. Tension spring. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1:

[0026] This embodiment provides an integrated brake shoe pressing and molding equipment, which realizes automatic workpiece clamping and locking and station transfer, providing an equipment foundation for integrated pressing and baking operations, such as... Figures 1 to 7 As shown.

[0027] The integrated brake shoe pressing and molding equipment includes a guide frame 1, a pressing mechanism 2 fixedly installed on the guide frame 1, a pressure applying frame 3 movably installed at the bottom of the pressing mechanism 2, and a bearing mechanism 4 slidably installed on the guide frame 1.

[0028] The guide frame 1 provides the foundation for the overall installation and workstation movement of the equipment. It has a linear guide rail structure laid along its length. The bottom of the support frame 41 of the support mechanism 4 is equipped with a slider assembly adapted to the linear guide rail. The slider is fitted into the guide rail, allowing the support mechanism 4 to move horizontally and linearly back and forth along the length of the guide frame 1, sequentially moving between the loading station, pressing station, and baking station. The pressing mechanism 2 uses a hydraulic cylinder or servo press and is fixedly installed on the upper pressing station of the guide frame 1 via a gantry bracket. The top surface of the pressure applying frame 3 is rigidly connected to the output end of the pressing mechanism 2. The bottom surface of the pressure applying frame 3 is a flat pressing surface, which can move vertically back and forth under the drive of the pressing mechanism 2, applying uniform downward pressure to the positioning frame 43 on the support mechanism 4.

[0029] The bearing mechanism 4 includes a bearing frame 41, a positioning frame 43, a first limiting frame 44, and a second limiting frame 45.

[0030] The support frame 41 is a rectangular frame welded structure, providing an installation carrier for the workpiece body 42 and various limiting components. Multiple sets of vertically penetrating first reserved slots 411 are equidistantly spaced along the length of the inner side of the support frame 41. Each first reserved slot 411 is a long, narrow through-slot, allowing hot air to pass through from bottom to top during the baking process, ensuring the bottom surface of the workpiece is fully heated. Insertion slots 412 are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the upper end of the support frame 41 on both sides of each set of first reserved slots 411. The insertion slots 412 are downwardly recessed blind holes, their cross-sectional shape matching the mounting end cross-section of the bottom of the shoe block frame 421, and their insertion depth matching the length of the bottom positioning section of the shoe block frame 421, used for vertical insertion and positioning of the shoe block frame 421. In this embodiment, five sets of workpiece stations are arranged side-by-side along the length of the support frame 41, allowing for the simultaneous clamping of five brake shoe block workpieces, meeting the needs of mass production.

[0031] Guide rods 46 are fixedly installed on both sides of the bottom of the support frame 41 along its length. The two ends of the guide rods 46 are rigidly connected to the bottom of the support frame 41 through support brackets. The guide rods 46 are cylindrical smooth rods, on which a second limiting frame 45 and a tension spring 47 are fitted. The second limiting frame 45 is a long strip-shaped block structure. A horizontal through-hole 451 is opened on the bottom of its outer side wall along its length. The guide rod 46 passes through the through-hole 451, and the two form a clearance sliding fit, so that the second limiting frame 45 can slide back and forth along the axial direction of the guide rod 46. The tension spring 47 is fitted on the guide rod 46. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the support bracket on the side of the support frame 41, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the second limiting frame 45. In its natural state, the tension spring 47 applies an elastic restoring force toward the inner side of the support frame 41 to the second limiting frame 45, so that the second limiting frame 45 is kept in the initial position close to the inner side.

[0032] The positioning frame 43 is mounted above the two second limiting frames 45. The bottom of the positioning frame 43 is detachably connected to the top of the first limiting frame 44 by mounting bolts 433. The mounting bolts 433 pass downward from the top of the positioning frame 43 and engage with the threaded holes on the top of the first limiting frame 44 to lock it in place, facilitating the replacement of the positioning frame 43 with the corresponding size according to different workpiece specifications. The positioning frame 43 is an arc-shaped frame, and the arc of its inner bottom side is perfectly matched with the arc of the top of the brake pad 422, allowing it to form a surface fit and apply pressure to the top surface of the brake pad 422. Limiting eaves 431 are integrally formed on the two inner side walls of the positioning frame 43, extending along the length of the positioning frame 43 and protruding inward. The relative distance between the two limiting eaves 431 on the same positioning frame 43 is adapted to the width of the brake pad 422, allowing them to engage with the two side walls of the brake pad 422 to form a lateral limit, preventing the brake pad 422 from shifting laterally during pressing and baking. The positioning frame 43 has multiple sets of vertically connected second reserved slots 432 arranged in a rectangular array, which are used for hot air to pass through from top to bottom during the baking process, so that the top surface of the workpiece is fully heated.

[0033] The first limiting frame 44 is a long, strip-shaped block structure. A continuous triangular wedge is provided at the bottom of its outer side wall. The inclined surface of this triangular wedge faces downwards and slopes outwards towards the support frame 41. The top surface of the wedge is horizontal and perpendicularly connected to the outer side wall of the first limiting frame 44. Correspondingly, a continuous triangular wedge is provided on the inner side wall of the second limiting frame 45. The inclined surface of this triangular wedge faces upwards and slopes inwards towards the support frame 41. The bottom surface of this wedge is horizontal and perpendicularly connected to the inner side wall of the second limiting frame 45. The inclined angles of the two triangular wedges are the same, allowing for a tight wedge-shaped sliding fit.

[0034] When the pressing mechanism 2 drives the pressure frame 3 to move downward, the pressure frame 3 presses down the positioning frame 43 and drives the first limiting frame 44 to move downward synchronously. The inclined surfaces of the two triangular wedges slide against each other, and the resulting horizontal component force pushes the second limiting frame 45 to slide outward against the elastic force of the tension spring 47. When the first limiting frame 44 moves down until the wedge completely passes the mating position, the second limiting frame 45 slides inward to reset under the action of the tension spring 47, so that the top surface of the wedge of the second limiting frame 45 and the bottom surface of the wedge of the first limiting frame 44 vertically abut against each other, forming a vertical lock. At this time, the positioning frame 43 continuously presses the workpiece body 42 onto the supporting frame 41, and can maintain a stable pressing state without continuous external pressure. Example 2:

[0035] This embodiment provides an integrated pressing and molding process for brake shoes, implemented using the equipment described in Embodiment 1. By optimizing workpiece pretreatment, pressing parameters, and baking / curing regime, the bonding strength between the brake pads and the shoe frame is improved, solving the problem of unstable connection in traditional bonding processes. Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Workpiece clamping and pretreatment First, the workpiece to be processed undergoes surface pretreatment and assembly: Pre-treatment of shoe block frame: The shoe block frame 421 is made of Q235 carbon structural steel by stamping or HT200 gray cast iron by casting; the arc-shaped mating surface that is attached to the brake pad 422 is roughened by sandblasting with 80 to 120 mesh brown corundum to control the surface roughness to Ra25 to Ra50, removing surface oil and oxide layer and increasing the mechanical interlocking force of the interface; then a 15 to 25 μm thick layer of modified phenolic resin adhesive primer is uniformly coated on the mating surface and left to dry at room temperature for 5 to 10 minutes until surface dry, avoiding the flow and overflow of the adhesive layer.

[0036] Brake pad preparation: Brake pad 422 is pre-pressed into a green blank using iron-based powder metallurgy friction material. The green blank composition is based on iron powder, with added copper powder, graphite, silica friction modifier and phenolic resin binder. The green blank density is controlled between 5.8 and 6.2 g / cm³. The bottom curvature of the green blank is completely matched with the top curvature of the shoe block frame 421. The pre-formed size reserves 3% to 5% of the compression allowance to ensure full interface adhesion after pressing.

[0037] Positioning and clamping at the workstation: Align the bottom of the pre-treated shoe block holder 421 with the insertion slot 412 on the support frame 41 and insert it vertically, so that the bottom end face of the shoe block holder 421 abuts against the bottom surface of the insertion slot 412, completing the vertical positioning; then place the brake pad 422 stably with the arc-shaped mating surface of the shoe block holder 421, ensuring circumferential and radial alignment. Pre-connect the positioning frame 43 and the first limiting frame 44 into an integral assembly using mounting bolts 433, then place this integral assembly above the second limiting frame 45, so that the bottom surface of the first limiting frame 44 contacts the top surface of the second limiting frame 45. At this time, the inner arc surface of the positioning frame 43 presses against the top of the brake pad 422, and the two limiting eaves 431 on both sides engage with the side wall of the brake pad 422, completing the lateral pre-positioning.

[0038] Step 2: Workpiece transfer The assembled bearing mechanism 4 is slid along the guide rail of the guide frame 1 to the pressing station, that is, directly below the pressure frame 3, so that each group of workpieces on the bearing frame 41 is aligned with the pressing position of the pressure frame 3.

[0039] Step 3: Press and lock The pressing mechanism 2 is activated, driving the pressure frame 3 to move downwards with a surface pressure of 0.5 to 1.2 MPa. The bottom surface of the pressure frame 3 acts evenly on the top of the positioning frame 43, causing the first limiting frame 44 to move downwards synchronously. During the downward movement of the first limiting frame 44, its outer triangular wedge and the inner triangular wedge of the second limiting frame 45 form a wedge surface sliding, and the horizontal component force pushes the second limiting frame 45 to slide outwards along the guide rod 46 and stretches the tension spring 47. When the first limiting frame 44 moves down until the wedge completely passes the wedge of the second limiting frame 45, the restoring force of the tension spring 47 pulls the second limiting frame 45 to slide inward and reset, so that the top surface of the wedge of the second limiting frame 45 vertically abuts against the bottom surface of the wedge of the first limiting frame 44, forming a self-locking vertical lock. At this time, the positioning frame 43 applies a stable surface pressure of 0.3 to 0.8 MPa to the brake pad 422, pressing the brake pad 422 tightly against the shoe block frame 421. The brake pad blank undergoes a slight compression deformation, fully fitting the mating surface with the shoe block frame. After holding the pressure for 2 to 5 seconds, the pressing mechanism 2 drives the pressure applying frame 3 to reset upward. The locking state is automatically maintained by the wedge and the tension spring 47, without the need for continuous external pressure.

[0040] Step 4: Baking and curing After pressing and locking, the entire bearing mechanism 4 is moved along the guide frame 1 into the tunnel oven, where it is baked and cured using a segmented temperature control system. Preheating stage: The oven temperature is set to 80 to 100℃. The bearing mechanism stays in this range for 20 to 30 minutes to allow the workpiece to heat up slowly, ensuring that the adhesive base and the internal bonding phase of the green body are heated evenly, and avoiding rapid heating that could cause the adhesive to flow out and cause gaps or hollows at the interface.

[0041] Curing and heat preservation stage: The temperature is raised to 160 to 180℃ at a uniform rate and maintained for 120 to 180 minutes. During this stage, the phenolic resin primer is fully cross-linked and cured, while the resin bonding phase inside the brake pad 422 is cured and formed. Under continuous compression, the interface between the brake pad 422 and the shoe block frame 421 forms a tight mechanical interlocking and chemical bond. During the baking process, the hot air in the oven flows from bottom to top through the first reserved groove 411 of the support frame 41 and flows from top to bottom through the second reserved groove 432 of the positioning frame 43, forming an upward and downward convection heat exchange, so that the workpiece is heated evenly. The curing degree deviation of products in the same batch is ≤5%, and the bonding strength is consistent.

[0042] Cooling stage: The supporting mechanism enters the cooling section with the production line. After the temperature gradually drops below 100℃, it is removed from the oven to avoid excessive temperature difference that may cause internal stress and prevent cracking at the bonding interface.

[0043] Step 5: Unlock and pick up the package After the workpiece is removed from the oven and cooled to room temperature, the two second limiting frames 45 are pulled outwards from the support frame 41 to overcome the elastic force of the tension spring 47 and slide outwards along the guide rod 46 until the wedge of the second limiting frame 45 is completely removed from the projection area directly below the wedge of the first limiting frame 44, and the vertical locking is released; the positioning frame 43 is pulled upwards, which drives the first limiting frame 44 to move upwards and be taken out simultaneously. Then the cured brake shoe block can be taken out from the insertion slot 412, completing one production cycle. Example 3:

[0044] This embodiment is a preferred implementation of the locking structure of the bearing mechanism. The design optimizes the reliability and stability of the wedge locking, further improving the self-locking performance and service life under pressure. Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown.

[0045] In this embodiment, the supporting mechanism 4 includes a supporting frame 41. Guide rods 46 are fixedly installed on the bottom sides of the supporting frame 41 along its length. The two ends of the guide rods 46 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the supporting frame 41 through supports. A second limiting frame 45 and a tension spring 47 are fitted on the guide rods 46. One end of the tension spring 47 is fixedly connected to the support on the side of the supporting frame 41, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the second limiting frame 45. An clearance hole 451 is provided at the bottom of the outer side wall of the second limiting frame 45 along its length. The diameter of the clearance hole 451 is adapted to the diameter of the guide rod 46. The guide rod 46 passes through the clearance hole 451. The inner wall of the clearance hole 451 and the outer wall of the guide rod 46 form an H7 / g6 clearance fit to ensure the smoothness of the second limiting frame 45 sliding back and forth along the axial direction of the guide rod 46 and to avoid jamming.

[0046] A triangular wedge is provided on the inner wall of the second limiting frame 45. The triangular wedge is arranged along the length of the second limiting frame 45, with its inclined surface facing upward and inclined towards the inner side of the support frame 41. The top surface of the wedge is horizontal, and the bottom surface of the wedge is perpendicularly connected to the inner wall of the second limiting frame 45. A triangular wedge is provided at the bottom of the outer wall of the first limiting frame 44. The triangular wedge is arranged along the length of the first limiting frame 44, with its inclined surface facing downward and inclined towards the outer side of the support frame 41. The bottom surface of the wedge is horizontal, and the top surface of the wedge is perpendicularly connected to the outer wall of the first limiting frame 44.

[0047] In this embodiment, the inclination angles of the two triangular wedges are both set to 38°±2°. This angle range satisfies the self-locking condition: the horizontal component of the vertical clamping force acting on the wedge contact surface is less than the sum of the rated return force of the tension spring 47 and the frictional force of the wedge surface. This ensures that even if the workpiece expands due to heat and the clamping force fluctuates during the baking process, the locking state will not loosen on its own, and a stable clamping force will always be maintained. The mating inclined surfaces of the wedges are hardened to a hardness of HRC45 to 50, and the surface roughness is controlled below Ra1.6, reducing sliding wear and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0048] The bottom of the positioning frame 43 is fixedly connected to the top of the first limiting frame 44 by mounting bolts 433. The curvature of the bottom inner side of the positioning frame 43 matches the curvature of the top of the brake pad 422. Limiting eaves 431 are integrally formed on both inner side walls of the positioning frame 43. The limiting eaves 431 extend along the length of the positioning frame 43, and the distance between the two limiting eaves 431 on the same positioning frame 43 on opposite sides matches the width of the brake pad 422. The positioning frame 43 has a second reserved groove 432 arranged in a rectangular array for hot air to pass through during baking.

[0049] Locking process: Under external downward pressure, the first limiting frame 44 moves downward, and the inclined surface of its bottom triangular wedge contacts the inclined surface of the inner triangular wedge of the second limiting frame 45 and slides relative to each other. The normal component of the wedge surface pushes the second limiting frame 45 to slide outward along the guide rod 46 and stretches the tension spring 47, allowing the tension spring 47 to store elastic potential energy. When the first limiting frame 44 moves down until the bottom surface of its triangular wedge passes the top surface of the triangular wedge of the second limiting frame 45, the restoring force of the tension spring 47 pulls the second limiting frame 45 to slide inward and reset, so that the top surface of the triangular wedge of the second limiting frame 45 and the bottom surface of the triangular wedge of the first limiting frame 44 form a surface contact, thereby constituting vertical locking and locking the positioning frame 43 in the pressing position, so that the positioning frame 43 continuously applies a pressing force to the brake pad 422.

[0050] Unlocking process: After baking, pull the two second limiting frames 45 outwards in opposite directions, so that the second limiting frames 45 slide outwards along the guide rod 46 and further stretch the tension spring 47 until the triangular wedge of the second limiting frame 45 is completely moved out of the projection area directly below the triangular wedge of the first limiting frame 44. At this time, the second limiting frame 45 no longer forms a vertical obstruction to the first limiting frame 44. Pull the positioning frame 43 upwards, and the positioning frame 43 drives the first limiting frame 44 to move upwards synchronously, so that the first limiting frame 44 and the second limiting frame 45 can be separated, and the unlocking is completed.

[0051] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0052] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A brake shoe integrated pressing and molding equipment, comprising a guide frame (1), a pressing mechanism (2) fixedly installed on the guide frame (1), a pressure applying frame (3) movably installed at the bottom of the pressing mechanism (2), and a bearing mechanism (4) slidably installed on the guide frame (1), characterized in that: The bearing mechanism (4) includes a bearing frame (41), a positioning frame (43), a first limiting frame (44), and a second limiting frame (45). The support frame (41) is used to support the workpiece body (42), and the two second limiting frames (45) are respectively slidably installed on the bottom of both sides of the support frame (41) in the horizontal direction; The positioning frame (43) is mounted above the two second limiting frames (45), and the bottom of the positioning frame (43) is fixedly connected to the first limiting frame (44); The bottom of the outer side wall of the first limiting frame (44) is provided with a triangular wedge, and the inner side wall of the second limiting frame (45) is provided with a corresponding triangular wedge. The inclined angles of the two triangular wedges are matched and can form a wedge surface sliding fit. An elastic reset member is provided between the support frame (41) and the second limiting frame (45), and the elastic reset member is used to apply an elastic reset force toward the inside of the support frame (41) to the second limiting frame (45); The first limiting frame (44) and the second limiting frame (45) are configured such that when the pressure frame (3) presses down and drives the first limiting frame (44) to move down synchronously, the two triangular wedges slide against each other and push the second limiting frame (45) to overcome the elastic force of the elastic reset member and slide to the outside of the support frame (41); when the first limiting frame (44) moves down to the wedge block after it passes the mating position, the second limiting frame (45) slides inward and resets under the action of the elastic reset member, so that the top surface of the wedge block of the second limiting frame (45) and the bottom surface of the wedge block of the first limiting frame (44) are vertically abutted, forming a vertical lock, so that the positioning frame (43) continuously presses the workpiece body (42) onto the support frame (41).

2. The integrated brake shoe pressing and molding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner side of the support frame (41) is provided with a first reserved groove (411) that runs vertically through it at equal intervals along its length direction. Insertion grooves (412) are provided at the front and rear ends of the upper end of the support frame (41) on both sides of the first reserved groove (411).

3. The integrated brake shoe pressing and molding equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, Guide rods (46) are fixedly installed on both sides of the bottom of the support frame (41) along its length direction. The elastic reset component is a tension spring (47). The tension spring (47) is fitted on the guide rod (46). One end of the tension spring (47) is fixedly connected to the support frame (41), and the other end is fixedly connected to the second limiting frame (45). The bottom of the outer wall of the second limiting frame (45) is provided with a clearance hole (451) along its length direction. The guide rod (46) passes through the clearance hole (451) and slides in cooperation with the second limiting frame (45).

4. The integrated brake shoe pressing and molding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The curvature of the bottom inner side of the positioning frame (43) matches the curvature of the top of the workpiece brake pad (422); the two inner side walls of the positioning frame (43) are integrally formed with limiting eaves (431), and the relative distance between the two limiting eaves (431) on the same positioning frame (43) is adapted to the width of the brake pad (422); the positioning frame (43) is provided with a second reserved groove (432) that runs vertically through the top and bottom in a rectangular array.

5. The integrated brake shoe pressing and molding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the positioning frame (43) is detachably connected to the top of the first limiting frame (44) by mounting bolts (433).

6. The integrated brake shoe pressing and molding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inclined planes of the two triangular wedges are both 35° to 45°. In the vertically locked state, the horizontal component of the vertical force is less than the sum of the reset force of the elastic reset member and the friction force of the wedge surface, thus forming a self-locking structure.

7. The integrated pressing and molding process for brake shoe blocks, characterized in that, The method of using the integrated brake shoe compression molding equipment as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 includes the following steps: Step 1: workpiece clamping, place the shoe block frame (421) on the support frame (41), then place the brake pad (422) on the shoe block frame (421), connect the positioning frame (43) to the first limiting frame (44) and place it above the second limiting frame (45), and pre-position the brake pad (422) through the positioning frame (43); Step 2: Workpiece transfer, slide the entire bearing mechanism (4) along the guide frame (1) to directly below the pressure frame (3); Step 3: Press and lock. Start the pressing mechanism (2) to drive the pressure frame (3) to move down, which drives the first limit frame (44) to move down synchronously and form a wedge surface engagement with the second limit frame (45). Push the second limit frame (45) to overcome the elastic force of the elastic reset member and move horizontally outward. After pressing down to the position, the second limit frame (45) is reset under the action of the elastic reset member, forming a vertical lock on the first limit frame (44), so that the positioning frame (43) presses the brake pad (422) onto the shoe block frame (421). Step 4: Baking and curing. The entire supporting mechanism (4) is moved along the guide frame (1) into the oven. The hoof block frame (421) and brake pad (422) are cured and connected by baking.

8. The integrated pressing and molding process for brake shoes according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step one, the mating surface of the shoe block frame (421) is first roughened by sandblasting and coated with modified phenolic resin adhesive primer, and then left to dry to the surface. The brake pad (422) is a preformed iron-based powder metallurgy blank, with a 3% to 5% compression allowance reserved in the blank. When clamping, the bottom of the shoe block frame (421) is aligned with the insertion slot (412) and vertically inserted to achieve vertical positioning. The brake pad (422) is attached to the top of the shoe block frame (421), and then the limiting eaves (431) of the positioning frame (43) are engaged with both sides of the brake pad (422) to form a lateral limiting.

9. The integrated pressing and molding process for brake shoes according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step four, the baking and curing process employs a segmented temperature control system: Preheat at 80 to 100°C for 20 to 30 minutes, then raise the temperature to 160 to 180°C and hold for 120 to 180 minutes to cure. Finally, gradually cool down to below 100°C and remove from the oven. During the baking process, the hot air from the oven flows from bottom to top through the first reserved slot (411) and from top to bottom through the second reserved slot (432) over the workpiece, forming an upward and downward convection heat exchange.

10. The integrated pressing and molding process for brake shoes according to claim 7, characterized in that, After baking, the process also includes an unlocking and removal step: pull the two second limiting frames (45) outwards towards the support frame (41) so that the wedges of the second limiting frames (45) are disengaged from the area directly below the wedges of the first limiting frame (44), remove the positioning frame (43) and the first limiting frame (44) upwards, and then remove the finished brake shoe block after curing.

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