Pre-stage energy absorption device for a bumper

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a pre-stage hierarchical energy-absorbing device for a bumper, comprising: a first positioning part arranged in parallel with the bumper, and internally provided with a first energy-absorbing piece; a first box body arranged in a hollow columnar structure, one end of which is connected with the first positioning part, and the diameter of which is smaller than the radial dimension of the first positioning part, and internally provided with a second energy-absorbing piece; a second box body arranged in a hollow circular truncated cone structure, and the top of which is connected with the other end of the first box body, the top diameter of which is the same as the diameter of the first box body, and the inside of which is provided with a third energy-absorbing piece; and a second positioning part arranged at the bottom of the second box body to be connected with an impact platform, wherein the energy-absorption rates of the first energy-absorbing piece, the second energy-absorbing piece and the third energy-absorbing piece are arranged in an increasing order. Through the above technical solution, the device can dissipate impact load step by step, reduce the load bearing of the bumper, effectively slow down the fatigue deformation of the bumper and the impact platform, prolong the overall service life of the buffer system, and has a simple structure and reduces maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of buffer equipment technology, and more specifically, to a pre-stage energy absorption device for a buffer. Background Technology

[0002] High-speed impact conditions typically refer to extreme load environments with impact velocities exceeding 5 m / s and impact accelerations reaching hundreds to hundreds of thousands of g. These conditions are widely observed in scenarios such as rail traffic collisions, aerospace landings or ejections, weapon penetration, high-speed lifting equipment, and building falling object protection. The buffering system used in high-speed impact conditions mainly consists of a buffer and an impact platform, used to absorb and dissipate impact loads and protect the equipment structure. Currently, most buffers used in high-speed impact conditions are fluid damping buffers. Their working principle involves the impact pushing a piston to compress hydraulic oil in the cylinder, forcing the oil to flow at high speed through a throttling orifice, utilizing the viscous damping of the liquid to convert the impact kinetic energy into heat energy for dissipation.

[0003] In related technologies, most buffer systems rely on the buffer itself for single-energy absorption, resulting in a simple overall energy-absorbing structure. When faced with high-speed, high-mass impact loads, the impact energy is released in a concentrated manner, leading to low overall energy dissipation efficiency. The majority of the impact load is directly transmitted to the buffer and impact platform, which can easily cause fatigue deformation and even structural damage to the platform and buffer under long-term impact, shortening the overall service life of the buffer system. Furthermore, buffers are mostly fixedly connected to the impact platform body using welding or other methods. When the buffer is damaged, complex operations such as cutting or welding the platform body are required to repair or replace the buffer, resulting in long maintenance cycles, high costs, and prolonged platform downtime, affecting experimental efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a pre-stage energy absorption device for a buffer, so as to at least partially solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned related technologies.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this disclosure provides a pre-stage energy absorption device for a buffer, comprising: a first positioning part, arranged parallel to the buffer, wherein a first energy-absorbing element is disposed within the first positioning part; a first box body, configured as a hollow cylindrical structure, one end of the first box body being connected to the side of the first positioning part away from the buffer, and the diameter of the first box body being smaller than the radial dimension of the first positioning part, wherein a second energy-absorbing element is disposed within the first box body; a second box body, configured as a hollow frustum-shaped structure, with its top connected to the other end of the first box body, the top diameter of the second box body being the same as the diameter of the first box body, wherein a third energy-absorbing element is disposed within the second box body; and a second positioning part, disposed at the bottom of the second box body for connection to an impact platform, wherein the energy absorption rate of the first energy-absorbing element is set to be less than the energy absorption rate of the second energy-absorbing element, and the energy absorption rate of the second energy-absorbing element is set to be less than the energy absorption rate of the third energy-absorbing element.

[0006] Optionally, the first energy-absorbing element is configured as a regular hexagonal honeycomb structure, and the cavity of the first energy-absorbing element is configured to extend along a radial direction of the first positioning portion perpendicular to the impact direction.

[0007] Optionally, the second energy-absorbing element is configured as a grid-like regular hexagonal honeycomb structure and spirally arranged along the axial direction. The cavity of the second energy-absorbing element is configured to extend along a radial direction of the first box body and is perpendicular to the cavity extension direction of the first energy-absorbing element.

[0008] Optionally, the third energy-absorbing element is configured as a grid-like regular hexagonal honeycomb structure, and the cavity of the third energy-absorbing element is configured to extend along the axial direction of the second box body so as to be in the same direction as the impact direction.

[0009] Optionally, the first positioning part includes a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate arranged relatively parallel to each other. The first mounting plate is arranged relatively parallel to the buffer, the second mounting plate is connected to the first housing, and the first energy-absorbing member is sandwiched between the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate.

[0010] Optionally, the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are configured as circular plate structures of the same size, and the radial dimension of the first energy-absorbing element is set to be less than or equal to the diameter of the first mounting plate.

[0011] Optionally, the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are made of titanium alloy, and the first energy-absorbing element is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate respectively.

[0012] Optionally, at least a portion of the circumferential wall of the first box body is configured to protrude outward in the radial direction towards the outside of the first box body, so as to form a plurality of protrusions on the circumferential wall of the first box body, and the plurality of protrusions are configured to be evenly spaced along the axial direction of the first box body on the outer surface of the circumferential wall, so as to form staggered gap regions on the inner and outer surfaces of the circumferential wall of the first box body, respectively.

[0013] Optionally, the second box body is provided with a frustum-shaped cavity, and the third energy-absorbing member is configured to fill the cavity provided in the second box body along the axial direction of the second box body.

[0014] Optionally, the second positioning part is configured as a circular plate structure, and the diameter of the second positioning part is larger than the bottom diameter of the second box body. The second positioning part is provided with a plurality of positioning holes evenly spaced along the circumference for positioning and connecting with the impact platform by bolts.

[0015] Through the above technical solution, this device adds an independent pre-stage energy absorption device between the buffer and the impact platform. The staged energy absorption structure deforms in different stages to make the impact force curve smoother, reduce the maximum impact peak, and allow the energy absorption box to maintain a more stable stress level over a longer crushing stroke. It also allows engineers to optimize different areas to achieve a lightweight design. Multiple energy absorption components with progressively increasing energy absorption rates dissipate the impact load in a multi-stage energy absorption manner, reducing the load on the buffer, effectively mitigating the fatigue deformation of the buffer and the impact platform, extending the overall service life of the buffer system, and eliminating the need to modify the platform body after component impact damage. This simplifies the maintenance process, shortens equipment downtime, reduces operation and maintenance costs, and ensures the efficiency of impact testing.

[0016] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the present disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a pre-stage energy absorption device for a buffer, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a pre-stage energy absorption device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of a second box body according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0022] 11-First mounting plate, 12-First energy-absorbing component, 13-Second mounting plate, 2-First housing, 21-Second energy-absorbing component, 3-Second housing, 31-Third energy-absorbing component, 4-Second positioning part. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The specific embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0024] In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "top," and "bottom" generally refer to the upper and lower, top and bottom of the relevant components in actual use. "Inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer sides of the relevant components relative to the actual contour. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this disclosure are for distinguishing one element from another and do not have sequential or importance implications.

[0025] This disclosure exemplarily provides a pre-stage energy absorption device for a buffer, with reference to Figures 1 to 3 The pre-stage energy absorption device includes a first positioning part, a first housing 2, a second housing 3, and a second positioning part 4. The first positioning part is arranged parallel to the buffer and contains a first energy-absorbing element 12. The first housing 2 is a hollow cylindrical structure, with one end connected to the side of the first positioning part away from the buffer, and its diameter is smaller than the radial dimension of the first positioning part. A second energy-absorbing element 21 is located inside the first housing 2. The second housing 3 is a hollow frustum-shaped structure, with its top connected to the other end of the first housing 2. The top diameter of the second housing 3 is the same as the diameter of the first housing 2. A third energy-absorbing element 31 is located inside the second housing 3. The second positioning part 4 is located at the bottom of the second housing 3 and is used to connect to the impact platform. The energy absorption rate of the first energy-absorbing element 12 is set to be less than that of the second energy-absorbing element 21, and the energy absorption rate of the second energy-absorbing element 21 is set to be less than that of the third energy-absorbing element 31.

[0026] In the above embodiments, the buffer structures used in high-speed impact testing or collision protection mostly rely on their own simple collapse energy absorption without a pre-stage unloading structure. When the instantaneous peak value of the impact load is too large, it is easy to cause overload damage to the internal damping structure of the buffer, resulting in a sharp drop in service life. Moreover, the energy absorption adaptability is poor when facing impact loads of varying sizes, and problems such as rigid impacts in small impacts and collapse failure in large impacts are prone to occur. This disclosure adopts a ladder-type staged energy absorption structure, which forms an energy absorption rate gradient that increases progressively in the impact direction through the first energy absorption element 12, the second energy absorption element 21, and the third energy absorption element 31. When an impact occurs, the first energy absorption element 12 with a low absorption rate can first absorb the impact and reduce the initial impact peak value. The second energy absorption element 21 with a medium absorption rate and the third energy absorption element 31 with a high absorption rate can gradually absorb the remaining impact energy, realizing a progressive staged energy absorption method, avoiding concentrated release of impact energy, reducing the instantaneous load on the buffer and impact platform, effectively mitigating structural fatigue deformation, and extending the service life of the buffer system. The entire device is installed between the impact platform and the rear buffer through the second positioning part 4. It can dissipate part of the impact kinetic energy in advance in stages, reduce the peak impact load, share the force of the rear buffer, and reduce the probability of buffer damage. At the same time, the staged gradient energy absorption can adapt to various impact conditions of different magnitudes, and effectively improve the adaptability and protection stability of the buffer system.

[0027] Through the above technical solution, this device adds an independent pre-stage energy absorption device between the buffer and the impact platform. Multiple energy absorption components with progressively increasing energy absorption rates dissipate the impact load, reduce the load on the buffer, effectively slow down the fatigue deformation of the buffer and the impact platform, extend the overall service life of the buffer system, and do not require modification of the platform body after the components are damaged by impact. The maintenance process is simple, the equipment downtime is shortened, the operation and maintenance costs are reduced, and the efficiency of the impact test is guaranteed.

[0028] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first energy-absorbing element 12 can be configured as a regular hexagonal honeycomb structure, and the cavity of the first energy-absorbing element 12 can be configured to extend along a radial direction of the first positioning portion to be perpendicular to the impact direction.

[0029] In the above embodiments, the regular hexagonal honeycomb exhibits good structural stability and controllable collapse deformation. For example, under the same volume and material usage, the out-of-plane compressive strength and planar bending stiffness of the regular hexagonal honeycomb are higher than those of other cell configurations such as square or triangular cells. Under the same stiffness requirements, the weight is only one-twentieth to one-fifth of that of a solid metal plate, demonstrating a significant lightweight effect. Moreover, the deformation mode is stable and orderly. When subjected to high-speed impact in the out-of-plane direction (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the honeycomb plane), the cell wall will buckle and plastically collapse layer by layer along the axial direction, without overall instability, local brittle fracture, or irregular collapse. The deformation process is controllable. At the same time, the stress plateau is flat and wide, with small load fluctuations during the collapse process and a long constant stress plateau region. This allows for continuous absorption of impact kinetic energy under controllable acceleration peaks, avoiding damage to the protected equipment from sharp force peaks. This meets the "limited peak value, large capacity" buffering requirements under high-speed impacts.

[0030] The cavity of the first energy-absorbing component 12 is arranged radially perpendicular to the impact direction, so that it can collapse laterally when subjected to impact. The overall compressive yield strength of the structure is low, which can be used to cope with the initial impact or impact preload, so as to partially absorb the peak impact load, avoid the impact load directly pressing the rear buffer, eliminate the rigid impact force of the initial impact, complete the primary lightweight unloading, and the honeycomb lateral collapse deformation is uniform without sudden bending, ensuring that the first-stage energy absorption process is stable and controllable.

[0031] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 2 The second energy-absorbing element 21 can be configured as a grid-like regular hexagonal honeycomb structure and spirally arranged along the axial direction. The cavity of the second energy-absorbing element 21 can be configured to extend along a radial direction of the first box body 2 and be perpendicular to the cavity extension direction of the first energy-absorbing element 12.

[0032] In the above embodiment, the second energy absorber 21 can use a spiral hollow hexagonal honeycomb structure filled with hexagonal structures. This structure has higher stiffness and yield strength than the ordinary regular hexagonal honeycomb structure of the first energy absorber 12, thus having a stronger structural bearing capacity than the previous stage, and a higher energy absorption rate relative to the first energy absorber 12. After the device initially bears the impact load and the first-stage energy absorber completely collapses, the remaining impact load can be further dissipated by the second energy absorber 21 within the first housing 2. At the same time, the honeycomb cavities of the second energy absorber 21 are orthogonally and perpendicularly arranged to the honeycomb cavities of the first energy absorber 12, forming a bidirectional lateral force resisting honeycomb structure to offset the lateral shear force or torsional force generated during the impact, preventing the device from being compressed and shifted or collapsing under eccentric load, and ensuring that the impact load is transmitted along the axial direction of the device. The orthogonal honeycomb layout can improve the overall deformation stiffness, adapt to impact loads with a certain amplitude, ensure a smooth transition of staged energy absorption, and prevent energy absorption discontinuity.

[0033] It should be noted that the grid-like hexagonal honeycomb structure of the second energy absorber 21 is a novel biomimetic porous spiral layer structure inspired by the spiral layer structure of the mantis shrimp's exoskeleton. It adopts a spiral layer honeycomb form filled with hexagonal structures, which has better energy absorption, stiffness and yield performance than traditional honeycomb structures. Moreover, its unique structure can make the impact load evenly distributed and produce a beneficial layer-by-layer stacking effect, thereby enhancing energy absorption efficiency.

[0034] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 3 The third energy-absorbing element 31 can be configured as a grid-like regular hexagonal honeycomb structure, and the cavity of the third energy-absorbing element 31 can be configured to extend along the axial direction of the second box 3 so as to be in the same direction as the impact direction.

[0035] In the above embodiment, the third energy absorber 31 can adopt the same honeycomb structure as the second energy absorber 21, and the overall structure has a larger yield bearing capacity and a higher energy absorption rate than the first energy absorber 12 and the second energy absorber 21. It is used to connect with the impact platform as an end energy absorption structure, which can bear the remaining impact load after the first energy absorber 12 and the second energy absorber 21 have absorbed and dissipated it, and further absorb energy. Among them, the honeycomb cavity of the third energy absorber 31 is arranged in the same direction along the impact direction. When impacted, it can be axially stacked and collapsed along the impact direction. The axial collapse of the honeycomb has a high energy absorption efficiency and can quickly dissipate the peak impact load to match the test conditions with large impact loads, reduce the impact kinetic energy, and thus ensure that the weakened impact energy is transferred to the rear buffer within the reasonable buffering range of the buffer, so as to form impact protection for the buffer structure.

[0036] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first positioning part may include a first mounting plate 11 and a second mounting plate 13 arranged in parallel with each other. The first mounting plate 11 may be arranged in parallel with the buffer, the second mounting plate 13 may be connected to the first housing 2, and the first energy-absorbing member 12 may be sandwiched between the first mounting plate 11 and the second mounting plate 13.

[0037] In the above embodiment, the first positioning part can use the double-plate clamping structure of the first mounting plate 11 and the second mounting plate 13 to limit the end face of the first energy-absorbing component 12, thereby limiting the assembly position of the first energy-absorbing component 12 and preventing the first energy-absorbing component 12 from sliding laterally or misaligning and dislodging during impact and pressure, ensuring that the end face of the first energy-absorbing component 12 is uniformly compressed. At the same time, the parallel layout of the double plates can ensure that the impact load is uniformly and perpendicularly applied to the end face of the first energy-absorbing component 12, avoiding premature collapse and failure of local honeycombs due to bias pressure, ensuring that the energy absorption force of the first energy-absorbing component 12 is uniform, and at the same time, when the first mounting plate 11 contacts the buffer, it can make the whole device smoothly dock with the buffer, improving the stability of the assembly structure.

[0038] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first mounting plate 11 and the second mounting plate 13 can be configured as circular plate structures of the same size, and the radial dimension of the first energy-absorbing member 12 can be set to be less than or equal to the diameter of the first mounting plate 11.

[0039] In the above embodiment, the first mounting plate 11 and the second mounting plate 13 are circular mounting plates of equal diameter, which ensure uniform force distribution on the end faces and avoid stress concentration, thus adapting to the axial impact force conditions of the circular end faces and providing good force symmetry. Simultaneously, the radial dimension of the first energy-absorbing element 12 does not exceed the diameter of the first mounting plate 11 or the second mounting plate 13, ensuring that the honeycomb structure of the first energy-absorbing element 12 adheres to the plate surface under pressure. The mounting plates on both sides restrict the two end faces of the honeycomb structure, preventing uneven force distribution at the honeycomb edges and thus avoiding localized cracking. This ensures uniform energy absorption during deformation of each group of honeycomb cells, unifies the collapse sequence of the honeycomb, guarantees stable staged energy absorption, and improves the overall stability of the device.

[0040] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The first mounting plate 11 and the second mounting plate 13 can be made of titanium alloy, and the first energy-absorbing member 12 can be fixedly connected to the first mounting plate 11 and the second mounting plate 13 respectively.

[0041] In the above embodiments, titanium alloy material possesses the characteristics of high strength, high rigidity, impact resistance, fatigue resistance, and lightweight. Under repeated impact loads, the plate surface is not easily bent, cracked, or deformed, and can maintain the flatness of the plate surface for a long time to stably clamp the first energy-absorbing component 12. The plates of the first mounting plate 11 and the second mounting plate 13 can be fixedly connected to the first energy-absorbing component 12 as an integral structure to eliminate assembly gaps, avoid additional secondary impact forces generated by impact gap collisions, and ensure that the impact load can be stably transmitted to the first housing 2 after being absorbed by the first energy-absorbing component 12 in the first positioning part. At the same time, titanium alloy material is corrosion-resistant and can be adapted to outdoor or multi-media impact operation environments, extending the service life of the device.

[0042] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 At least a portion of the circumferential wall of the first box 2 may be configured to protrude outward in the radial direction to form a plurality of protrusions on the circumferential wall of the first box 2, and the plurality of protrusions may be configured to be evenly spaced on the outer surface of the circumferential wall along the axial direction of the first box 2 to form staggered gap regions on the inner and outer surfaces of the circumferential wall of the first box 2, respectively.

[0043] In the above embodiment, the circumferential wall of the first box 2 can be formed with an outwardly convex annular textured structure with staggered gap regions. The sidewall of the box can be formed into a collapse structure through the gap regions. Together with the internal second energy-absorbing component 21, it can achieve a dual energy absorption effect of the box and the honeycomb structure. Under impact and pressure, the protrusions and gap regions of the box can bend and deform to help dissipate the impact kinetic energy. At the same time, the staggered gaps can limit the collapse direction of the box, preventing the box from collapsing disorderly and squeezing the internal honeycomb. The evenly distributed protrusions can make the circumferential force of the box consistent, thereby improving the overall structural bearing capacity, adapting to a certain value of impact load, and ensuring the overall stability of the device.

[0044] In some embodiments, refer to Figures 1 to 3 The second box 3 may be provided with a frustum-shaped cavity, and the third energy-absorbing component 31 may be configured to fill the cavity provided in the second box 3 along the axial direction of the second box 3.

[0045] In the above embodiment, the second housing 3 can be formed as a frustum-shaped structure that tapers gradually along the impact direction. Its compression and collapse resistance gradually increases from the top to the bottom. The third energy-absorbing element 31 can fill the frustum-shaped cavity of the second housing 3, with no assembly gap between them. The lateral expansion of the honeycomb can be restricted by the limiting effect of the inner wall of the second housing 3, ensuring that the third energy-absorbing element 31 only collapses and absorbs energy in the axial direction, thereby improving the energy absorption rate of the second housing 3. At the same time, the frustum-shaped housing structure can wrap around and protect the honeycomb outer wall of the third energy-absorbing element 31 to avoid lateral collapse of the honeycomb under high-speed impact, improve the integrity of the energy-absorbing structure of the second housing 3, and ensure the effective dissipation of peak impact load.

[0046] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The second positioning part 4 can be configured as a circular plate structure, and the diameter of the second positioning part 4 can be larger than the bottom diameter of the second box 3. The second positioning part 4 can be provided with multiple positioning holes evenly spaced along the circumference for positioning and connecting with the impact platform by bolts.

[0047] In the above embodiment, the circular plate-like structure of the second positioning part 4 can protrude at least partially radially from the bottom of the second box 3. The protruding part can connect with the impact platform to form a close-fitting pressure-bearing surface, reducing the impact pressure per unit area and preventing local indentation and deformation of the mating plate surface after being pressed. The protruding part of the second positioning part 4 relative to the bottom of the second box 3 can be provided with multiple positioning holes evenly spaced circumferentially for multi-point locking and fixing with the impact platform by bolts, ensuring symmetrical force distribution during assembly, avoiding the risk of slippage or deflection during the impact process, and achieving a rigid and stable connection between the bottom of the device and the impact platform. The second positioning part 4 can better bear the axial impact load and evenly transmit it to the second box 3, ensuring the vertical transmission of the load and the stable axial force of the staged energy absorption, improving the overall stability and impact adaptability of the device installation.

[0048] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0049] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this disclosure will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0050] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this disclosure can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this disclosure.

Claims

1. A pre-stage energy absorption device for a buffer, characterized in that, include: A first positioning part is arranged parallel to the buffer, and a first energy-absorbing element is provided inside the first positioning part; The first box body is configured as a hollow columnar structure. One end of the first box body is connected to the side of the first positioning part away from the buffer, and the diameter of the first box body is smaller than the radial dimension of the first positioning part. A second energy-absorbing element is provided inside the first box body. The second box is a hollow frustum-shaped structure with its top connected to the other end of the first box. The top diameter of the second box is the same as the diameter of the first box. A third energy-absorbing element is installed inside the second box. And a second positioning part, located at the bottom of the second housing, for connection with the impact platform. Wherein, the energy absorption rate of the first energy-absorbing element is set to be less than the energy absorption rate of the second energy-absorbing element, and the energy absorption rate of the second energy-absorbing element is set to be less than the energy absorption rate of the third energy-absorbing element.

2. The pre-stage energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first energy-absorbing element is configured as a regular hexagonal honeycomb structure, and the cavity of the first energy-absorbing element is configured to extend along a radial direction of the first positioning portion perpendicular to the impact direction.

3. The pre-stage energy absorption device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second energy-absorbing element is configured as a grid-like regular hexagonal honeycomb structure and is spirally arranged along the axial direction. The cavity of the second energy-absorbing element is configured to extend along a radial direction of the first box body and is perpendicular to the cavity extension direction of the first energy-absorbing element.

4. The pre-stage energy absorption device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The third energy-absorbing element is configured as a grid-like regular hexagonal honeycomb structure, and the cavity of the third energy-absorbing element is configured to extend along the axial direction of the second box body so as to be in the same direction as the impact direction.

5. The pre-stage energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first positioning part includes a first mounting plate and a second mounting plate arranged in parallel with each other. The first mounting plate is arranged in parallel with the buffer, the second mounting plate is connected to the first housing, and the first energy-absorbing member is sandwiched between the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate.

6. The pre-stage energy absorption device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are configured as circular plate structures of the same size, and the radial dimension of the first energy-absorbing element is set to be less than or equal to the diameter of the first mounting plate.

7. The pre-stage energy absorption device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first mounting plate and the second mounting plate are made of titanium alloy, and the first energy-absorbing component is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate respectively.

8. The pre-stage energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least a portion of the circumferential wall of the first box body is configured to protrude radially outward from the first box body to form a plurality of protrusions on the circumferential wall of the first box body, and the plurality of protrusions are configured to be evenly spaced along the axial direction of the first box body on the outer surface of the circumferential wall to form staggered gap regions on the inner and outer surfaces of the circumferential wall of the first box body, respectively.

9. The pre-stage energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second box body is provided with a frustum-shaped cavity, and the third energy-absorbing component is configured to fill the cavity of the second box body along the axial direction of the second box body.

10. The pre-stage energy absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second positioning part is configured as a circular plate structure, and the diameter of the second positioning part is set to be larger than the bottom diameter of the second box body. The second positioning part is provided with a plurality of positioning holes evenly spaced along the circumference for positioning and connecting with the impact platform by bolts.

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