Adjustable damping control method for heavy hydraulic equipment and assembled damper

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of engineering machinery, and discloses an adjustable damping control method of heavy hydraulic equipment and an assembled damper, the method comprising the following steps: arranging the assembled damper between the upper section and the lower section of the heavy hydraulic equipment; selecting the damping colloid and the pre-tightening locking mechanism with different performance parameters to make the damper have preset buffer damping intensity and inherent vibration frequency; adjusting the pre-tightening force of the pre-tightening locking mechanism to adjust the buffer damping intensity or change the inherent vibration frequency of the damper during the operation of the equipment; and replacing the damping colloid alone when the state parameter of the damping colloid reaches the service life or fails. The application designs the buffer and vibration isolation method and structure which can replace the damping colloid alone and adjust the pre-tightening force steplessly, can significantly reduce the equipment maintenance cost, achieves a reasonable balance between prolonging the equipment life and improving the construction efficiency, and is suitable for heavy hydraulic equipment such as hydraulic breaking hammers and hydraulic vibrators.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of engineering machinery technology, specifically relating to an adjustable vibration reduction control method and an assembled vibration damper for heavy hydraulic equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Heavy hydraulic equipment (such as hydraulic pile drivers, hydraulic breakers, hydraulic vibratory hammers, etc.) will generate strong impact vibrations during operation. In order to prevent the vibration from being transmitted to the main structure of the equipment and causing damage, vibration dampers are usually installed at the key connection parts of the equipment to absorb and attenuate the impact energy.

[0003] In existing technologies, vibration dampers used in heavy hydraulic equipment typically employ a one-piece cast structure. Traditional vibration dampers include inner and outer connecting frames, which are integrally vulcanized using an injection molding process. The intermediate rubber layer is firmly bonded to the metal frame through vulcanization, forming a non-removable integral structure. This structure suffers from drawbacks such as complex processing, high molding difficulty, lack of maintenance, high operating costs, difficulty in large-size molding, and unadjustable vibration damping performance. To address this issue, CN204662185U discloses a rubber vibration isolator for floating slab tracks. This rubber vibration isolator includes a base, an upper support, and a rubber vibration isolator located between the two. The rubber vibration isolator is composed of an upper conical metal sleeve, a conical rubber body, and a lower conical metal sleeve, and has an upper conical rotation surface and a lower conical rotation surface. However, the rubber vibration isolator in this technical solution adopts a conical structure and is a metal-rubber composite part, rather than an independent pure rubber elastomer part. The processing technology is complex and lacks a special anti-loosening and anti-retraction structure. Under high-frequency and strong impact vibration conditions, it is easy to cause the metal and rubber materials to separate and fail. Therefore, it cannot be used for high-frequency and strong impact vibration conditions of heavy hydraulic equipment.

[0004] In summary, the existing technology lacks a vibration control method and assembled vibration damper suitable for heavy-duty hydraulic equipment subjected to reciprocating high-frequency vibration and heavy loads, which employs a reliable anti-loosening and anti-retraction structure and allows for flexible adjustment of vibration reduction force and avoidance of resonance through the selection of accessories and adjustment of assembly structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adjustable vibration reduction control method and a prefabricated vibration isolator for heavy-duty hydraulic equipment, so as to solve the technical problems of the existing technology, such as the inability to maintain the integrated vulcanized structure, the inability to adjust the vibration reduction performance, and the poor stability of the existing rubber vibration isolator with metal-rubber composite structure under high-frequency and strong impact conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] An adjustable vibration reduction control method for heavy-duty hydraulic equipment, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: An assembly damper is installed between the upper and lower sections of a heavy hydraulic equipment. The damper includes an upper housing, a connecting seat, a lower housing, and two damping colloids disposed in the internal cavities of the three. Each damping colloid is an independent annular elastic body. An assembly connection with detachable, replaceable, and adjustable preload is formed by a preload locking mechanism.

[0009] S2: Select damping colloids with different performance parameters according to different working conditions, and apply an adjustable axial preload to the damping colloids by superimposing a preload locking mechanism, so that the damper as a whole obtains the preset buffer damping force and natural vibration frequency.

[0010] S3: During equipment operation, monitor vibration parameters and the state parameters of the damping colloid, adjust the preload of the preload locking mechanism to achieve flexible adjustment of the buffer damping force, or when it is detected that the damper and the equipment vibration working parts are close to the resonance range, adjust the preload of the preload locking mechanism to change the natural vibration frequency of the damper and avoid the resonance range.

[0011] S4: When the condition parameters of the damping colloid are detected to have reached their service life or have failed, loosen the pre-tightening locking mechanism and replace the damping colloid separately. There is no need to replace the metal parts, such as the upper housing, connecting seat, and lower housing.

[0012] An assembled vibration damper for heavy-duty hydraulic equipment, used to implement the aforementioned vibration reduction control method. Its features include: an upper shell, a connecting seat, a lower shell, and a pre-tightening locking mechanism made of metal; and upper and lower damping colloids made of elastic material; the upper shell, connecting seat, and lower shell are arranged opposite each other along the axial direction; the upper and lower damping colloids are both independent and detachable annular elastic bodies, the upper damping colloid is disposed between the upper shell and the connecting seat, and the lower damping colloid is disposed between the connecting seat and the shell, both providing damping function through axial compression deformation; the pre-tightening locking mechanism is used to apply an adjustable pre-tightening force to the upper and lower damping colloids along the axial direction to form a detachable assembly connection, and the natural vibration frequency of the damper can be changed by adjusting the pre-tightening force or replacing different damping colloids; the whole is installed in the middle section of heavy hydraulic equipment, the lower shell is connected to the equipment's vibration and impact working part, and the upper shell is connected to the equipment's power and control part. The pre-tightening locking mechanism is used to adjust the pre-tightening force or replace different damping colloids to change the overall natural vibration frequency of the damper and prevent resonance with the equipment's vibration and impact working part.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0014] 1. Dual Function of Preload Adjustment: The adjustable vibration reduction control method for heavy-duty hydraulic equipment provided by this invention assembles a vibration damper between the upper and lower sections of the heavy-duty hydraulic equipment. The vibration damping force and natural vibration frequency are both adjusted through the preload adjustment of the vibration damper. Before equipment operation, an adjustable axial preload is applied to the vibration damping material through a preload locking mechanism, enabling the vibration damper to obtain a preset buffering vibration reduction force and natural vibration frequency. During equipment operation, vibration parameters are monitored. When the vibration is found to be close to the resonance frequency range, adjusting the preload or replacing the vibration damping material can quickly reduce the natural vibration frequency and avoid the resonance range.

[0015] 2. The damping force can be steplessly adjusted: The damping, vibration reduction, and vibration isolation force of this invention can be adjusted in a stepwise manner by changing the damping colloid with different hardness, number of layers, and shape. On this basis, the pre-tightening force of the damping colloid can be further adjusted by changing the pre-tightening locking mechanism to achieve stepless continuous adjustment, thereby obtaining the required damping force and achieving a reasonable balance between damping effect, equipment life and construction efficiency.

[0016] 3. The structure of the shock absorber has been greatly simplified: The shock absorber of the present invention adopts a core structural design of upper shell - upper damping colloid - connecting seat - lower damping colloid - lower shell and pre-tightening locking mechanism. The damping colloid is an independent pure rubber elastomer without metal skeleton, which can be molded separately and quickly replaced. Overall, the number of parts has been greatly reduced, and functions such as stepless adjustment of buffer force and avoidance of resonance have been added.

[0017] 4. Reliable anti-loosening structure: The pre-tightening locking mechanism of the present invention, through the cooperation of the locking nut and the anti-loosening structure, the anti-loosening structure includes an anti-loosening key and an anti-loosening key fixing flange, maintains a stable pre-tightening state under the high-frequency strong impact and vibration conditions of heavy hydraulic equipment, and prevents the loss of pre-tightening force.

[0018] 5. Low maintenance cost and good replaceability: When the damping colloid ages and fails due to long-term impact fatigue, the damping colloid can be removed and replaced simply by loosening the pre-tightening locking mechanism, without the need to replace other metal parts, which significantly reduces maintenance costs and extends the effective service life of the equipment.

[0019] 6. The adjustable vibration control method provided by this invention is highly compatible with the assembled vibration damper. Through the coordinated selection of accessories and the adjustment of assembly preload, the buffering and vibration damping force can be flexibly adjusted and resonance can be avoided. It simultaneously solves a variety of technical contradictions and achieves the optimal construction cost-effectiveness ratio. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the vibration reduction control method described in this invention;

[0021] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hydraulic vibratory impactor with a built-in assembly-type vibration damper according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial cross-sectional view of the shock absorber assembled in a hydraulic device;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram of section A in the middle;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the vibration damper according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional assembly structure of the vibration damper according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] In the picture:

[0027] 1. Upper housing; 11. Lower housing; 13. Mandrel; 14. Positioning protrusion; 2. Pre-tightening locking mechanism; 21. Washer; 22. Locking nut; 23. Anti-loosening key; 24. Anti-loosening key fixing flange; 25. Bolt; 3. Vibration damping colloid; 31. Upper vibration damping colloid; 32. Lower vibration damping colloid; 4. Connecting seat; 41. Separator ring; 42. Positioning groove. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] This embodiment provides an adjustable vibration reduction control method and assembled vibration damper suitable for conventional hydraulic pile drivers in a medium-buffering application scenario (balanced type). The buffering and vibration reduction force is designed to be at a medium level, achieving a balance between equipment life and pile driving efficiency to achieve the optimal construction cost-effectiveness ratio.

[0031] See Figure 1 The adjustable vibration reduction control method for heavy hydraulic equipment provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0032] S1: An assembly damper is installed between the upper and lower sections of a heavy hydraulic equipment. The damper includes an upper housing 1, a connecting seat 4, a lower housing 11, and two damping colloids 3 disposed in the internal cavity of the three. Each damping colloid 3 is an independent annular elastic body. An assembly connection with detachable, replaceable, and adjustable preload is formed by a preload locking mechanism 2.

[0033] S2: Select vibration damping colloid 3 with different performance parameters according to different working conditions, and apply an adjustable axial preload to the vibration damping colloid 3 by superimposing the preload locking mechanism 2, so that the vibration damper as a whole obtains the preset buffering and vibration damping force and the natural vibration frequency; the vibration damping colloid 3 includes a symmetrically arranged upper and lower split colloid structure.

[0034] The operating conditions include impact force magnitude, operating frequency, equipment tonnage, and expected service life. When the equipment operates at a high frequency and experiences high impact energy, a high-hardness, multi-layered, reinforced damping colloid 3 is selected, and a higher preload is applied to deviate the damper's natural frequency from the equipment's operating frequency, thus preventing resonance. When the equipment needs to improve piling efficiency and allows for greater vibration transmission, a lower-hardness, single-layer damping colloid 3 is selected, and a lower preload is applied. Based on monitoring results and the preset balance target between equipment life and piling efficiency, it is determined whether to adjust the accessory parameters or preload. If adjustment is required, steps S1-S2 are performed for reconfiguration, or only the tightening torque of the locking nut 22 is adjusted to change the preload, thereby achieving different... The system allows for flexible adjustment of the damping force under operating conditions. By adjusting the tightness of bolt 25, the preload can be changed, thereby adjusting the vibration isolation and energy buffering effect, as well as the natural vibration frequency of the damper as a whole. This prevents resonance with the lower working parts, extending equipment life and improving energy conversion efficiency. Specifically, the damping force can be adjusted in a stepped or continuous manner: Stepped adjustment is achieved by replacing damping colloid 3 accessories with different hardness specifications, number of layers, or shapes; continuous adjustment is achieved by changing the tightening torque of the locking nut 22, continuously changing the axial compression and preload of the damping colloid 3 within the allowable stroke range, and simultaneously continuously changing the natural vibration frequency of the damper.

[0035] Depending on the specific project requirements, various damping colloids 3 with different hardness levels can be flexibly selected for combination and assembly, so that the damper exhibits nonlinear stiffness characteristics during axial compression: under small loads, the low-hardness damping colloid 3 mainly bears the load, while under large loads, the high-hardness damping colloid 3 or the superimposed layer jointly bears the load.

[0036] S3: During equipment operation, monitor vibration parameters and state parameters of damping colloid 3, adjust the pre-tightening force of pre-tightening locking mechanism 2 to achieve flexible adjustment of buffer damping force, or when it is detected that the damper and the equipment vibration working parts are close to the resonance range, adjust the pre-tightening force of pre-tightening locking mechanism 2 to change the natural vibration frequency of the damper so that it avoids the resonance range.

[0037] S4: When the condition parameters of the damping colloid 3 are detected to have reached their service life or have failed, loosen the pre-tightening locking mechanism 2 and replace the damping colloid 3 (dampening consumable) separately. There is no need to replace the upper metal housing 1, connecting seat 4, or lower housing 11, thus avoiding the need to replace the entire vibration damper (existing technology requires complete replacement). This significantly reduces maintenance costs and extends the overall lifespan of the vibration damper. After replacing the damping colloid 3, the overall performance of the assembled vibration damper can be immediately restored.

[0038] The state parameters of the monitored damping colloid 3 include: permanent deformation, surface hardness change, crack initiation and propagation state; the vibration parameters of the monitoring equipment include: vibration acceleration, vibration frequency and impact energy transfer rate of the equipment; when the vibration frequency of the equipment is detected to be close to the natural frequency of the damper, the preload is changed by adjusting the tightening torque of the locking nut 22 to make the natural frequency of the damper deviate from the resonance point; when the permanent deformation of the damping colloid 3 exceeds 15% of the original height, or the surface hardness decreases by more than 10 degrees, or a through crack appears, the damping colloid 3 is determined to be in failure, the anti-loosening key fixing flange 24 is removed and the anti-loosening key 23 is taken out, the locking nut 22 is loosened, and the gasket 21, upper damping colloid 31, connecting seat 4 and lower damping colloid 32 are taken out in sequence, the failed damping colloid 3 is replaced individually, and step S2 is repeated to set the preload.

[0039] See Figure 2-6 The assembled vibration damper for heavy-duty hydraulic equipment provided in this embodiment includes: an upper housing 1, a connecting seat 4, a lower housing 11, and a pre-tightening locking mechanism 2 made of metal; and an upper damping colloid 31 and a lower damping colloid 32 made of elastic material; the upper housing 1, the connecting seat 4, and the lower housing 11 are arranged opposite each other along the axial direction; the upper damping colloid 31 and the lower damping colloid 32 are both independent and detachable annular elastic bodies, the upper damping colloid 31 is disposed between the upper housing 1 and the connecting seat 4, and the lower damping colloid 32 is disposed between the connecting seat 4 and the lower housing 11, both providing vibration damping through axial compression deformation. Function: The pre-tightening locking mechanism 2 is used to apply an adjustable pre-tightening force to the upper damping colloid 31 and the lower damping colloid 32 along the axial direction, forming a detachable assembly connection. The natural vibration frequency of the damper can be changed by adjusting the pre-tightening force or replacing different damping colloids 3. The whole assembly is installed in the middle section of the heavy hydraulic equipment. The lower housing 11 is connected to the vibration and impact working part of the equipment, and the upper housing 1 is connected to the power and control part of the equipment. The pre-tightening locking mechanism 2 can be used to adjust the pre-tightening force or replace different damping colloids 3 to change the overall natural vibration frequency of the damper and prevent resonance with the vibration and impact working part of the equipment.

[0040] Both the upper damping colloid 31 and the lower damping colloid 32 are cylindrical or drum-shaped, integrally molded from a rubber matrix material. Auxiliary reinforcing materials may be selectively doped into the rubber matrix, ultimately forming a rubber elastomer with a Shore hardness (HA) of 45-70 and a static elastic modulus of 3-13 MPa, without an internal metal skeleton. When the rubber matrix material is integrally molded, 0.5-2 wt% of auxiliary reinforcing materials are also doped into it, specifically one or more of carbon fiber, metal wire, and fiber fabric. The upper damping colloid 31 and the lower damping colloid 32 are identical in shape, material, and size, and are interchangeable. They are symmetrically arranged in their respective cavities, working together to dampen vibrations or adjust the natural frequency during operation.

[0041] The lower housing 11 is also provided with a hollow cylindrical mandrel 13, which is integrally formed with the lower housing 11 and extends upward; the upper damping colloid 31 and the lower damping colloid 32 are both sleeved on the mandrel 13, and the pre-tightening locking mechanism 2 cooperates with the upper end of the mandrel 13 to form axial compression.

[0042] The connecting seat 4 is a hollow cylindrical annular metal sleeve with an opening at the top and a dividing surface at the bottom. The inner cavity formed by the dividing surface and the inner wall of the annulus divides the internal cavity between the connecting seat 4 and the upper housing 1 and the lower housing 11 into two mounting cavities along the axial direction. The upper mounting cavity is provided with an upper damping colloid 31, and the lower mounting cavity is provided with a lower damping colloid 32, forming a buffer and vibration isolation structure with two independent damping colloids 3 at the upper and lower levels.

[0043] The pre-tightening locking mechanism 2 includes a locking nut 22 and a backstop structure. The locking nut 22 is used to press the damping colloid 3 axially, and the backstop structure is used to prevent the locking nut 22 from loosening under vibration conditions. The backstop structure includes an anti-loosening key 23 and an anti-loosening key fixing flange 24. The anti-loosening key 23 is axially disposed at the keyway mating point between the locking nut 22 and the spindle 13 to prevent the locking nut 22 from rotating circumferentially. The anti-loosening key fixing flange 24 is used to limit the axial displacement of the anti-loosening key 23.

[0044] The assembled vibration damper further includes a vibration detection sensing unit, which includes a vibration sensor for the upper damping colloid 31, a vibration sensor for the lower damping colloid 32, a vibration sensor for the equipment power and control part, and a vibration sensor for the equipment vibration and impact working part; it also includes a damping colloid 3 detection unit, which includes a state sensor for the upper damping colloid 31 and a state sensor for the lower damping colloid 32.

[0045] In this embodiment, the lower housing 11 is located at the lower part of the vibration damper. Its lower end face has 12 M30 connecting bolt holes 25 evenly distributed circumferentially, used for connection to the lower hammer or pile clamp of the hydraulic pile driver via high-strength bolts 25. The lower housing 11 and the mandrel 13 are integrally formed, creating a monolithic structure. The mandrel is made of 40Cr and has undergone heat treatment. The mandrel 13 extends upward from the center of the lower housing 11. The outer circumferential surface of the mandrel 13 serves as the radial positioning reference surface for the vibration damping colloid 3, the connecting seat 4, and the pre-tightening locking mechanism 2. The outer cylindrical surface at the upper end of the mandrel 13 is provided with external threads and a keyway. The upper housing 1 is located at the upper end of the vibration damper. Its upper end face has 12 M30 connecting bolt holes 25 evenly distributed circumferentially, used for connection to the upper pile frame structure of the hydraulic pile driver via high-strength bolts 25.

[0046] Both the upper damping colloid 31 and the lower damping colloid 32 are independent pure rubber cylindrical annular elastomers, made from a blend of natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber, and molded separately through a compression molding and vulcanization process, without the need for vulcanization bonding with a metal skeleton. The damping colloid 3 has a Shore A hardness of 65±5 degrees, a static elastic modulus of 5-8 MPa, an outer diameter of Φ600 mm, an inner diameter of Φ400 mm, and an axial height of 150 mm. The damping colloid 3 is fitted onto the mandrel 13 and housed in the annular mounting cavity within the connecting seat 4, bearing compressive loads axially to provide damping functionality.

[0047] The pre-tightening locking mechanism 2 is mounted on the spindle 13, located above the upper damping colloid 31, and housed within the annular mounting cavity on the upper side of the connecting seat 4. It includes a gasket 21, a locking nut 22, an anti-loosening key 23, and an anti-loosening key fixing flange 24. The gasket 21, made of 45# steel and heat-treated, is positioned between the upper end face of the upper damping colloid 31 and the lower end face of the locking nut 22, used to evenly transmit the pre-tightening force to the entire end face of the upper damping colloid 31. The locking nut 22 has an internal thread that engages with the external thread on the outer cylindrical surface of the upper end of the spindle 13, used to press the gasket 21 and the damping colloid 3 axially downwards, creating an axially compressed pre-tightened state for the damping colloid 3 between the upper housing 1 and the lower housing 11. The anti-loosening key 23 consists of two elongated steel keys, axially positioned in the keyway on the outer circumferential surface of the locking nut 22, and engaging with the corresponding axial keyway on the outer circumferential surface of the spindle 13. This prevents the locking nut 22 from circumferentially rotating and loosening under vibration conditions. The anti-loosening key fixing flange 24 is connected to the upper end face of the locking nut 22 by bolts 25, and its lower end face abuts against the upper end face of the anti-loosening key 23, thus limiting the axial displacement of the anti-loosening key 23.

[0048] During assembly, the integrally formed lower housing 11 and mandrel 13 are placed vertically with the mandrel 13 facing upwards; the lower damping colloid 32 is inserted from the upper end of the mandrel 13, with its lower end face fitting against the upper end face of the lower housing 11; the connecting seat 4 is inserted from the upper end of the mandrel 13, with the lower end face of its bottom separating ring 41 abutting against the upper end face of the lower damping colloid 32; the upper damping colloid 31 is inserted from the upper end of the mandrel 13, with its lower end face abutting against the upper end face of the separating ring 41; the gasket 21 is inserted from the upper end of the mandrel 13, with its lower end face fitting against the upper end face of the upper damping colloid 31; the locking nut 22 is screwed in and torque is applied to tighten it to the preset preload, so that the damping colloid 3 is fixed in the axial preload state; the anti-loosening key 23 is embedded in the keyway of the locking nut 22 and the mandrel 13, the anti-loosening key fixing flange 24 is installed and tightened with bolts 25, and the assembly is completed. By adjusting the tightening torque of the locking nut 22, the preload of the damping colloid 3 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the natural vibration frequency of the entire damper and preventing resonance with the lower working parts.

[0049] The vibration damper of this embodiment includes an upper housing 1, a connecting seat 4, a lower housing 11, and a pre-tightening locking mechanism 2 made of stainless steel, as well as an upper damping colloid 31 and a lower damping colloid 32 made of elastic rubber. The upper damping colloid 31 and the lower damping colloid 32 are both independent and detachable annular elastic bodies, which are connected by the pre-tightening locking mechanism 2 to form a detachable, replaceable, and adjustable pre-tightening force assembly. By adjusting the pre-tightening force or replacing different damping colloids 3, the natural vibration frequency of the vibration damper can be changed to prevent resonance with the vibrating working parts of the equipment.

[0050] In this embodiment, the vibration reduction control method specifically selects standard hardness vibration damping colloid 3 and applies standard preload, which is suitable for hydraulic piling operations under conventional geological conditions, ensuring both vibration reduction effect and piling efficiency. When the vibration damping colloid 3 ages and fails due to long-term impact fatigue (such as cracks, permanent deformation exceeding 15% of the original height, or hardness decrease exceeding 10 degrees), remove the anti-loosening key fixing flange 24, take out the anti-loosening key 23, loosen the locking nut 22, and then take out the gasket 21, upper vibration damping colloid 31, connecting seat 4, and lower vibration damping colloid 32 in sequence. The failed vibration damping colloid 3 can be replaced individually without replacing the lower housing 11, spindle 13, locking nut 22, and other metal parts.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides an adjustable vibration reduction control method and assembled vibration damper suitable for high-buffering applications (large tonnage type) of large-tonnage hydraulic equipment. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the vibration reduction force is designed to be high, sacrificing some construction efficiency in exchange for a higher level of equipment protection and a longer service life.

[0053] The basic structure of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1. The main difference is that a multi-layer damping colloid 3 stacked structure is adopted, and a damping colloid 3 material with higher hardness is selected.

[0054] In this embodiment, the dimensions of the upper housing 1 and the lower housing 11 are increased accordingly based on the load requirements of large-tonnage hydraulic equipment. Both the upper and lower damping colloids 32 in this embodiment consist of three layers. Each damping colloid 3 layer is an independent pure rubber cylindrical elastomer, molded from neoprene rubber material, with a Shore A hardness of 70±5 degrees, a static elastic modulus of 8-13 MPa, and a single-layer axial height of 100 mm. Each damping colloid 3 layer is individually molded, without a metal skeleton, and directly fitted onto the mandrel 13, housed within the axially separated annular mounting cavities of the connecting seat 4.

[0055] The adjacent layers of damping colloid 3 are separated and limited by the partition ring 41 at the bottom of the connecting seat 4 and the additional auxiliary partition ring 41. The partition ring 41 of the connecting seat 4 divides the internal space axially into multiple independent annular mounting cavities, and each layer of damping colloid 3 is housed in its corresponding mounting cavity. The lower end face of the partition ring 41 abuts against the upper end face of the lower layer of damping colloid 3, and the upper end face abuts against the lower end face of the upper layer of damping colloid 3, which is used to separate the adjacent layers of damping colloid 3 and limit their axial displacement, preventing excessive mutual compression and deformation between the layers of damping colloid 3 under impact load.

[0056] The gasket 21 of the pre-tightening locking mechanism 2 is positioned between the upper end face of the uppermost damping colloid 3 and the lower end face of the locking nut 22, used to evenly transmit the pre-tightening force to the three layers of damping colloid 3. The locking nut 22 engages with the external thread at the upper end of the spindle 13, and by tightening, the three layers of damping colloid 3 are axially pressed and fixed between the upper housing 1 and the lower housing 11. The anti-loosening key 23 and the anti-loosening key fixing flange 24 are arranged in the same way as in Embodiment 1.

[0057] Regarding vibration reduction control methods, this embodiment, based on the requirements of high-tonnage, high-impact-energy working conditions, selected a higher-hardness, multi-layered vibration-damping colloid 3 configuration and applied a preload exceeding the standard value, causing the vibration damper's natural frequency to deviate significantly from the equipment's operating frequency, thus avoiding resonance. Through the superposition of multiple layers of vibration-damping colloid 3, the total axial compression stroke of the vibration damper in this embodiment can reach more than 2.5 times that of a single-layer structure, meeting the high-load vibration reduction requirements of large-tonnage hydraulic pile drivers (such as hydraulic hammers with impact energy greater than 3000kJ). Since each layer of vibration-damping colloid 3 is an independent pure rubber elastomer, when one layer fails, that layer can be replaced individually, while the remaining layers can continue to be used, further reducing maintenance costs.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] This embodiment provides an adjustable vibration reduction control method and a high-damping assembled vibration damper for low-buffering / high-damping application scenarios (high-frequency type) suitable for hydraulic breakers. The vibration reduction force is designed to be at a low level to allow a certain degree of vibration transmission to improve crushing efficiency. At the same time, the high-damping characteristics quickly attenuate the rebound impact energy, protecting the equipment from high-frequency repeated impact damage.

[0060] The core feature of this embodiment is the use of drum-shaped damping colloid 3 and the addition of fiber reinforcement materials to achieve high damping and large deformation damping characteristics.

[0061] The structure of the upper housing 1 and the lower housing 11 is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, and the specifications of the connecting bolt 25 holes are adapted to the installation interface of the hydraulic breaker.

[0062] The damping colloid 3 is an independent, pure rubber drum-shaped elastomer, with its central outer diameter larger than its two end outer diameters, forming a drum-shaped profile. This drum-shaped structure allows the central part of the damping colloid 3 to expand and deform radially under axial compression, providing greater deformation space and energy absorption capacity. The damping colloid 3 uses a polyurethane rubber matrix, molded separately through a compression molding and vulcanization process, with a Shore A hardness of 75±5 degrees and a static elastic modulus of 10-13 MPa. Aramid fiber fabric is added to the rubber material as an auxiliary reinforcing material. The aramid fiber fabric is laid in a mesh pattern within the rubber matrix of the damping colloid 3, with the fiber direction staggered at ±45° to the axial direction, to improve the fatigue resistance and damping performance of the damping colloid 3 and inhibit crack propagation.

[0063] The pre-tightening locking mechanism 2 includes a washer 21, a locking nut 22, an anti-loosening key 23, and an anti-loosening key fixing flange 24. The washer 21 is positioned between the upper end face of the drum-shaped damping colloid 3 and the lower end face of the locking nut 22, with its end face shape matching the upper end face shape of the drum-shaped damping colloid 3. The inner hole of the locking nut 22 has an internal thread that engages with the external thread on the outer cylindrical surface of the upper end of the mandrel 13, axially pressing the washer 21 and the drum-shaped damping colloid 3 from above. The inner diameters of the mandrel 13 and the lower housing 11 are designed to be larger than the middle outer diameter of the drum-shaped damping colloid 3 to ensure assembly feasibility. The anti-loosening key 23 and the anti-loosening key fixing flange 24 are arranged in the same manner as in Embodiment 1.

[0064] Regarding vibration control methods, this embodiment targets the high-frequency impact conditions of hydraulic breakers (impact frequency typically 300-900 times / minute). A high-hardness, drum-shaped, fiber-reinforced damping colloid 3 is selected, and a moderately low preload is applied. This configuration allows the damper to maintain high stiffness while exhibiting excellent damping characteristics, effectively absorbing the rebound impact energy of the breaker without excessively suppressing normal impact transmission, thus extending equipment lifespan while ensuring a certain crushing efficiency. By adjusting the tightening torque of the locking nut 22, the natural frequency of the damper is deviated from the impact frequency of the breaker, preventing resonance. The drum-shaped damping colloid 3, combined with aramid fiber reinforcement, increases the service life of the damping colloid 3 by more than 50% compared to ordinary rubber.

[0065] When further improvements in crushing efficiency are needed, the preload can be reduced (by decreasing the tightening torque of the locking nut 22) to bring the damping colloid 3 to a lower compression state, reducing the buffering force and allowing more impact energy to be transferred to the crushed object. Simultaneously, the natural frequency of the damper is lowered to avoid resonance points. When further equipment protection is required, the preload can be increased or the damping colloid 3 can be replaced with one of higher hardness / multi-layer configuration to increase the buffering force and simultaneously raise the natural frequency of the damper to avoid resonance points. This flexible adjustment method allows the same equipment to be quickly switched between different working objects and conditions, significantly improving the adaptability and economy of the equipment.

[0066] The key feature of the embodiments of the present invention is the coordinated operation of an independent pure rubber elastomer, a pre-tightening locking mechanism, an anti-loosening structure, and a force adjustment method to form an adjustable organic whole suitable for high-frequency, high-impact conditions of various heavy-duty hydraulic equipment. Specifically, the independent pure rubber elastomer is easy to mold and replace; the gasket and locking nut provide a uniform and continuous axial pre-tightening force; the anti-loosening key and fixing flange prevent loss of pre-tightening force; the synergy of these three components enables the pure rubber elastomer to operate reliably under high-impact conditions previously considered unsuitable.

[0067] The adjustable vibration control method provided in the above embodiments of the present invention combines the selection of component parameters for prefabricated vibration dampers with the adjustment of assembly preload and the prevention of resonance, and introduces a balance between equipment lifespan and construction efficiency, forming a closely coordinated vibration control method and equipment. This combination of method and equipment allows the same vibration damper structure to achieve multi-level or even continuous vibration reduction force adjustment under different working conditions by replacing components and adjusting preload, simultaneously resolving multiple technical contradictions and achieving the optimal construction cost-effectiveness ratio.

[0068] The buffer vibration isolation method and structure provided by this invention, which allows for the individual replacement of damping colloids and stepless adjustment of preload, can significantly reduce equipment maintenance costs and achieve a reasonable balance between extending equipment life and improving construction efficiency. It can be widely applied to various construction operations of heavy hydraulic equipment such as hydraulic pile drivers, hydraulic breakers, and hydraulic vibratory compactors.

[0069] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An adjustable vibration reduction control method for heavy-duty hydraulic equipment, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: An assembled vibration damper is installed between the upper and lower sections of a heavy hydraulic equipment. The vibration damper includes an upper housing, a connecting seat, a lower housing, and two damping colloids disposed in the internal cavities of the three. Each damping colloid is an independent annular elastic body. An assembled connection with detachable, replaceable, and adjustable preload is formed by a preload locking mechanism. S2: According to different working conditions, different performance parameters of damping colloids are used, and a pre-tightening locking mechanism is superimposed to apply an adjustable axial pre-tightening force to the damping colloids so that the damper as a whole obtains the preset buffer damping force and natural vibration frequency. S3: During equipment operation, monitor vibration parameters and the state parameters of the damping colloid, adjust the preload of the preload locking mechanism to achieve flexible adjustment of the buffer damping force, or when it is detected that the damper and the equipment vibration working parts are close to the resonance range, adjust the preload of the preload locking mechanism to change the natural vibration frequency of the damper and avoid the resonance range. S4: When the condition parameters of the damping colloid are detected to have reached their service life or have failed, loosen the pre-tightening locking mechanism and replace the damping colloid separately. There is no need to replace the metal parts, such as the upper housing, connecting seat, and lower housing.

2. The vibration reduction control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating conditions required in step S2 include the magnitude of the impact force, the operating frequency, the tonnage of the equipment, and the expected service life. When the operating frequency of the equipment is close to the natural frequency of the damper, the preload is adjusted to make the natural frequency deviate from the resonance range. The preload adjustment range of the preload locking mechanism is 5% to 20% of the original height of the damping colloid, which corresponds to adjusting the natural frequency of the damper to make it deviate from the resonance range of the operating frequency of the equipment.

3. The vibration reduction control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 involves assembling a combination of damping colloids prepared with various rubber materials of different hardness grades, so that the assembled damper exhibits nonlinear stiffness characteristics; or further selecting damping colloids prepared with different reinforcing materials, rubber material hardness grades, and different shapes to adapt to different impact loads.

4. The vibration reduction control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method employs a vibration detection sensing unit to monitor vibration parameters, including the equipment's vibration acceleration, vibration frequency, and impact energy transfer rate; and employs a vibration damping colloid detection unit to detect the state of the vibration damping colloid, including permanent deformation, surface hardness changes, and crack state.

5. The vibration reduction control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The damping colloid is a pure rubber elastomer with a ring-shaped overall outline that is rectangular or drum-shaped. It does not contain a metal skeleton and is formed separately by compression molding or injection molding. The rubber elastomer is doped with auxiliary reinforcing materials, including one or more of carbon fiber, metal wire, and fiber fabric.

6. A prefabricated vibration damper for heavy-duty hydraulic equipment, used to implement the vibration reduction control method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It includes: The upper housing, connecting seat, lower housing, and pre-tightening locking mechanism are made of metal. And upper and lower vibration damping colloids made of elastic materials; The upper housing, connecting seat, and lower housing are arranged opposite each other along the axial direction; Both the upper and lower damping colloids are independent and detachable annular elastomers. The upper damping colloid is disposed between the upper housing and the connecting seat, and the lower damping colloid is disposed between the connecting seat and the housing. Both provide damping function through axial compression deformation. The pre-tightening locking mechanism is used to apply an adjustable pre-tightening force to the upper and lower damping colloids along the axial direction, forming a detachable assembly connection. The natural vibration frequency of the damper can be changed by adjusting the pre-tightening force or replacing different damping colloids. The entire unit is installed in the middle section of heavy hydraulic equipment. The lower housing is connected to the equipment's vibration and impact working part, and the upper housing is connected to the equipment's power and control part. The preload is adjusted by the preload locking mechanism, or different damping rubber is replaced to change the overall natural vibration frequency of the damper and prevent resonance with the equipment's vibration and impact working part.

7. The assembled vibration damper according to claim 6, characterized in that, Both the upper and lower damping colloids are cylindrical or drum-shaped and integrally formed from a rubber matrix material. Auxiliary reinforcing materials may be selectively doped into the rubber matrix to ultimately form a rubber elastomer with a Shore hardness (HA) of 45-70 and a static elastic modulus of 3-13 MPa, without any internal metal skeleton. When the rubber matrix material is integrally formed, 0.5-2 wt% of auxiliary reinforcing materials are also doped into the rubber matrix material, specifically one or more of carbon fiber, metal wire, and fiber fabric.

8. The assembled vibration damper according to claim 6, characterized in that, The lower housing is also provided with a hollow cylindrical mandrel, which is integrally formed with the lower housing and extends upward; the upper damping colloid and the lower damping colloid are both sleeved on the mandrel, and the pre-tightening locking mechanism cooperates with the upper end of the mandrel to form axial compression.

9. The assembled vibration damper according to claim 6, characterized in that, The overall shape of the connecting seat is a hollow cylindrical annular metal spacer with an opening at the top and a dividing surface at the bottom. The inner cavity formed by the dividing surface and the inner wall of the annulus divides the internal cavity between the connecting seat and the upper and lower housings into two mounting cavities along the axial direction. The upper mounting cavity is provided with an upper damping colloid, and the lower mounting cavity is provided with a lower damping colloid, forming a buffer and vibration isolation structure with two independent damping colloids at the upper and lower levels.

10. The assembled vibration damper according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pre-tightening locking mechanism includes a locking nut and a backstop structure. The locking nut is used to axially press the damping colloid, and the backstop structure is used to prevent the locking nut from loosening under vibration conditions. The backstop structure includes an anti-loosening key and an anti-loosening key fixing flange. The anti-loosening key is axially disposed at the keyway mating point between the locking nut and the spindle to prevent the locking nut from rotating circumferentially. The anti-loosening key fixing flange is used to limit the axial displacement of the anti-loosening key.

11. The assembled vibration damper according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a vibration detection sensing unit, which includes an upper damping colloid vibration sensor, a lower damping colloid vibration sensor, and vibration sensors for the equipment's power and control components and vibration sensors for the equipment's vibration and impact working components; it also includes a damping colloid detection unit, which includes an upper damping colloid state sensor and a lower damping colloid state sensor.

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