Multi-cavity relay type all-mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-cavity relay type full-mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioner device, and belongs to the technical field of pure mechanical passive refrigeration. The application adopts a nine-cavity annular array, each cavity is provided with a piston extrusion mechanism, a pipeline is assembled with a valve core type one-way valve core assembly to realize one-way locking of refrigerant and completely prevent medium backflow; a high one-way exhaust valve is arranged on the side wall of the cavity to separate and buffer gaseous refrigerant; a vehicle-mounted connecting rod and a plurality of sets of jack two sets of pure mechanical energy charging mechanisms are arranged, and the energy charging mechanisms are matched with a one-way force storage ratchet wheel to charge energy to a large-tonnage energy storage force spring; a mechanical type pressure sensing automatic clutch is matched, when the spring pressure reaches a preset peak pressure, the automatic clutch is automatically disconnected and charged, and when the spring pressure falls to a preset maintenance threshold, the automatic clutch is automatically energy-supplemented, mechanical power is stably output to drive the piston; the nine cavities alternately relay and push refrigerant to form a continuous refrigeration cycle. The whole machine basic structure is free of any electrical structure and is operated in a passive mode throughout the whole process, is not affected by engine speed and artificial operation force fluctuation, is stable in refrigeration, can be adapted to a plurality of low-GWP environment-friendly refrigerants, is suitable for vehicle-mounted, household power failure, high mountain field, military and other power-free scenes, meanwhile, the main body structure can be expanded to be matched with a 24V storage battery driving scheme, and the product has wide expansion space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of fully mechanical passive refrigeration equipment, and in particular relates to a multi-cavity relay refrigeration device that does not rely on electrical energy, batteries, or electronic control components, but relies entirely on mechanical potential energy to drive the refrigerant circulation. It is suitable for scenarios such as vehicle travel, home power outages, high-altitude wilderness, and military use without power. Background Technology

[0002] Existing passive refrigeration equipment mostly uses cavity shaking to passively transport refrigerant, resulting in disordered mixing of gas and liquid media, which easily leads to pipe gas blockage, refrigerant backflow, and unstable cooling output; traditional vehicle-mounted refrigeration equipment relies on battery power, which can easily cause battery depletion after prolonged use; passive refrigeration equipment on the market lacks a voltage-stabilizing energy storage structure, and fluctuations in power input and speed will directly cause the cooling capacity to fluctuate; at the same time, the lack of a dual independent mechanical charging structure limits the application scenarios.

[0003] This invention abandons the wobbling cavity structure and adopts a piston-forced compression combined with a valve core-like one-way valve core to achieve one-way locking of the refrigerant. It is also equipped with a dual mechanical charging mechanism and a pressure self-adjusting energy storage spring, thus solving all the defects of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a multi-cavity relay-type fully mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device that achieves full-process operation without electricity; utilizes a piston to forcefully push the refrigerant in conjunction with a one-way valve core to prevent medium backflow; sets up a dual-path pure mechanical energy charging structure to adapt to multiple scenarios; and adds an energy storage spring and a mechanical pressure clutch to stabilize the output power and eliminate the impact of input power fluctuations on the cooling effect.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: A multi-cavity relay-type fully mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device includes a nine-cavity annular array assembly, a piston extrusion mechanism, a valve core-like one-way valve core assembly, a high-position one-way exhaust valve on the side wall, two sets of mechanical charging mechanisms, a large-tonnage energy storage spring assembly, a one-way energy storage ratchet, and a mechanical pressure-sensing automatic clutch switching mechanism. The nine-cavity annular array assembly consists of nine cavities arranged in a ring, including a central main working cavity and eight peripheral secondary cavities. Each cavity is matched with the piston extrusion mechanism. The cavities are connected through a main discharge pipeline, and the valve core-like one-way valve core assembly is installed in the main discharge pipeline. The valve core-type one-way valve core assembly includes a valve core, an elastic reset member, and a valve seat. The flow cross-sectional area of ​​the valve core is a preset ratio of the total cross-sectional area of ​​the main discharge pipeline. When the medium flows in the forward direction, the valve core is pushed open to allow passage. After the pressure disappears, the elastic reset member presses the valve seat to completely seal it. The refrigerant and gaseous medium can only pass in one direction and cannot flow back. Each cavity is equipped with a high-position one-way exhaust valve on the upper part of its sidewall. When the piston extrusion mechanism retracts to create negative pressure, the gaseous refrigerant in the pipeline is drawn into the upper part of the cavity for buffering. When the piston extrusion mechanism extrudes forward to pressurize, the high pressure compresses the high-position one-way exhaust valve on the sidewall to achieve a seal, and the gaseous refrigerant remains in the cavity. The liquid refrigerant can only be pushed to the heat exchange pipeline through the valve core-like one-way valve core assembly. The entire machine is equipped with two independent purely mechanical charging mechanisms, used only to store mechanical energy in the large-tonnage energy storage spring assembly, without any electrical components: The first set is a vehicle-mounted linkage charging mechanism, which can be connected to the vehicle's engine transmission end. The engine's low-speed torque output at idle speed can drive the linkage, charging the large-tonnage energy storage spring assembly in one direction through the one-way energy storage ratchet. Potential energy can be continuously replenished during vehicle movement, low speed, and idle speed. The second set is a jack rotation charging mechanism, composed of multiple jack units linked together. The jacks are manually operated to output rotational mechanical force, which also charges the large-tonnage energy storage spring assembly through the one-way energy storage ratchet, adapting to environments without vehicles or electricity. The large-tonnage energy storage spring assembly works in conjunction with the mechanical pressure-sensing automatic clutch switching mechanism: the external charging structure continuously pressurizes and stores energy; when the spring pressure reaches the preset peak pressure, the purely mechanical pressure-sensing structure triggers the clutch to jump, cutting off the external charging input, and the connecting rod and jack rotate unloaded to prevent spring overload; the large-tonnage energy storage spring assembly stably releases a constant torque to drive the pistons in each chamber to reciprocate and compress the refrigerant, and the stored energy continuously decreases; when the spring pressure drops back to the preset maintenance threshold, the mechanical pressure-sensing automatic clutch switching mechanism automatically switches to conduct the external charging mechanism, replenishing potential energy and rising back to the preset peak pressure; the stored energy of the large-tonnage energy storage spring assembly is always maintained within the preset pressure range, isolating fluctuations in the front-end power speed and force, and outputting uniform and stable mechanical power; The entire machine's relay refrigeration cycle process is as follows: The large-tonnage energy storage spring assembly drives the piston of the central main cavity to retract, and the cavity draws in gaseous refrigerant under negative pressure; the piston rigidly squeezes forward, and the high pressure pushes the liquid refrigerant through the valve core-like one-way valve core assembly and sends it into the heat exchange pipeline to complete the refrigeration; after the main cavity completes one round of squeezing, it triggers the eight peripheral auxiliary cavities in a fixed sequence to repeat the negative pressure suction, pressurization and discharge process. The nine cavities take turns to continuously complete the closed refrigeration cycle. The gaseous refrigerant buffered in the cavity participates in the cycle during the next round of negative pressure suction, with no refrigerant loss.

[0006] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The entire machine is a purely mechanical structure, without motors, batteries, sensors, or electrical control circuits, and operates completely passively, thus completely eliminating dependence on electricity and batteries; The refrigerant is delivered by piston compression, and the valve core-like one-way valve core assembly achieves one-way locking of the medium. Whether it is refrigerant or gaseous medium, it can only flow in one direction, eliminating backflow at the source. At the same time, the valve core has a throttling effect, suppressing violent flashing of refrigerant and reducing gas blockage in the pipeline. Two independent mechanical charging structures are set up. The vehicle-mounted charging relies on the engine's idle speed for power taking, while the vehicle-free scenario relies on a combination of jacks for manual charging, covering multiple scenarios such as vehicle-mounted, home power outages, high mountains, and military use. Equipped with a large-tonnage energy storage spring assembly and a mechanical dual-threshold automatic clutch, it automatically cuts off when the power charging reaches the preset peak pressure and automatically replenishes the energy when it falls back to the preset maintenance threshold. The entire process is mechanically automatic and requires no manual operation. It buffers the power fluctuations caused by changes in engine speed and uneven manual operation, keeps the piston movement rhythm constant, and ensures smooth and stable cooling output. The energy storage spring has potential energy buffering capability. When external charging stops briefly, it can continue to cool by relying on the existing potential energy above the preset maintenance threshold, resulting in a longer battery life. The nine-chamber relay cycle operation, with multiple chambers alternately delivering refrigerant, results in long continuous operating time, low mechanical transmission load, and longer equipment service life. It is compatible with a variety of low-GWP environmentally friendly refrigerants, covering a wide range of refrigerant systems for automotive, household, and long-term upgrade applications. It has strong compliance and broad application expansion potential. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is a top view of the overall assembly of the nine-cavity ring array of the present invention; Figure 2 Longitudinal sectional view of the cavity piston and valve core-like one-way valve core (see abstract figure). Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the energy transmission assembly for the vehicle-mounted linkage; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the linkage and energy charging structure of ten sets of jack units; Figure 5 Cross-sectional view of a large-tonnage energy storage spring, a one-way energy storage ratchet, and a mechanical pressure-sensing automatic clutch assembly; Figure 6 A partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a single-chamber sidewall high-position one-way exhaust valve; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the overall piping layout for the nine-chamber relay refrigerant circulation system; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the complete assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the exterior of a vehicle-mounted passive refrigeration air conditioner outdoor unit (redrawn, all watermarks and AI logos removed, pure white background with black single line, standard patent illustration).

[0008] Figure label: 1. Main working chamber 2. Secondary cavity 3 Pistons Type 4 valve core one-way valve core 5. High-position one-way exhaust valve on the side wall 6. Vehicle-mounted linkage charging mechanism 7-Jack Charging Unit 8 large-tonnage energy storage springs 9 One-way power-saving ratchet 10 Mechanical pressure-sensing automatic clutch Detailed Implementation

[0009] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0010] Example 1: Implementation of Vehicle-Mounted Passive Cooling The nine-chamber ring array is fixed to the vehicle mounting position, and the vehicle-mounted linkage energy charging mechanism is connected to the engine transmission output end. When the engine is idling, it outputs torque, which continuously compresses the large-tonnage energy storage spring through a one-way energy storage ratchet. The vehicle speed only changes the charging speed and does not directly drive the piston. When the spring pressure reaches the preset peak pressure, the mechanical clutch disengages, and the linkage idles to release force. When the spring energy release drops to the preset maintenance threshold, the clutch engages to recharge. The constant torque of the large-tonnage energy storage spring drives the piston in the central main chamber to reciprocate. The piston retracts and draws in gaseous refrigerant under negative pressure, and pushes the liquid refrigerant forward to send it into the heat exchange pipeline through a valve-like one-way valve core. The eight peripheral auxiliary chambers are triggered in sequence to discharge the material. The entire process is without electricity and does not consume the vehicle battery.

[0011] Example 2: Implementation of Cooling Method Using a Jack Without Vehicle or Electricity The vehicle-mounted linkage charging mechanism is removed, and multiple sets of jack units are used for linkage transmission. Manual reciprocating operation of the jacks generates rotational mechanical energy, which is then charged to a large-tonnage energy storage spring via a one-way energy storage ratchet. Uneven jack operation intervals and forces are all buffered by the energy storage spring. The large-tonnage energy storage spring stably outputs power to drive the entire piston mechanism to complete the nine-chamber relay cooling. It is suitable for home power outages, high-altitude wilderness, and military duty environments without electricity.

[0012] Example 3: Preferred Implementation of Valve Core Dimensions The flow cross-sectional area of ​​the valve core-type one-way valve is preferably 30% of the total cross-sectional area of ​​the main discharge pipeline. When flowing in the forward direction, it forms a moderate throttling effect to reduce gaseous impurities generated by refrigerant flash evaporation. In the reverse direction, it relies on the elastic reset element to completely seal and prevent backflow of the medium.

[0013] Example 4: Implementation of Cavity Gas-Liquid Separation Each cavity has a high-position one-way exhaust valve on its side wall that only allows gaseous refrigerant to enter the upper space of the cavity for buffering, while liquid refrigerant cannot pass through. During the piston compression stage, the exhaust valve is sealed under high pressure, and the gaseous refrigerant remains in the cavity to prevent gas-liquid mixture from entering the heat exchange pipeline and causing a decrease in refrigeration efficiency.

[0014] Example 5: Preferred Implementation of Dual Threshold Pressure Control The preset peak pressure of the large-tonnage energy storage spring assembly is preferably 500 tons, and the preset maintenance threshold is preferably 200 tons. When the spring force reaches 500 tons, the mechanical pressure sensing automatic clutch automatically cuts off the external charging. When it drops back to 200 tons, the automatic conduction of energy replenishment is activated, so that the spring force is stably maintained in the range of 200 tons to 500 tons, and the output power is constant and uniform.

[0015] Example 6: Preferred Implementation Method of Jack Assembly The jack rotation charging mechanism is preferably composed of ten 50-ton jack units linked together. It can output sufficient torque by manual operation and charge the large-tonnage energy storage spring through a one-way energy storage ratchet, which is suitable for independent operation in environments without vehicles or electricity.

[0016] Example 7: Refrigerant Adaptation Implementation Method The closed-loop refrigeration circuit of this invention is filled with refrigerant, which can be a fourth-generation environmentally friendly refrigerant with low global warming potential or a natural refrigerant. It can be adapted to the pressure range of the device, which has a mechanical spring-stabilized output and piston staged relay compression, and the working pressure is stably maintained at 0.2MPa to 1.5MPa.

[0017] In vehicle applications, the preferred choice is the HFO-type environmentally friendly refrigerant R1234yf. This refrigerant has an ODP value of 0, a GWP value of only 4, and an ASHRAE safety rating of A2L. It is a mainstream compliant replacement refrigerant for current automotive air conditioning systems, with an evaporation pressure range of 0.3MPa~0.6MPa, which is highly compatible with the low-pressure operating conditions of the device's stable mechanical spring output. PAG or POE type refrigeration lubricating oil is used in conjunction with it, and the sealing components are made of HNBR hydrogenated nitrile rubber. If high safety and non-flammability are required, the mixed refrigerant R515B can be used as an alternative, with a safety rating of A1 and no risk of combustion.

[0018] In general operating conditions such as home power outages, high-altitude field operations, and military duty, the low-GWP mixed refrigerant R454C is selected. The GWP value is 148, which meets the global environmental protection regulations of 150GWP limit. The evaporation pressure is in the range of 0.5MPa~1.0MPa, which is suitable for medium-pressure working range brought about by manual charging with jacks. It can be operated stably with POE polyester refrigeration oil.

[0019] As alternatives for long-term structural upgrades, natural and environmentally friendly refrigerants can be selected: one is R290 propane, with a GWP of only 3, naturally zero carbon, and a safety rating of A3. When using it, the total charge amount of a single circuit should be strictly controlled, following national standard limits and strengthening the overall sealing structure of the cavity; the other is R744 carbon dioxide, with a GWP of 1, which is non-flammable and fluorine-free. Only the cavity wall thickness and sealing structure need to be strengthened and modified to adapt it to its transcritical high-pressure operating conditions.

[0020] The high-position one-way exhaust valve on the side wall of this device can separate and buffer gaseous refrigerant. Combined with the throttling structure of the valve core-like one-way valve core, it can significantly reduce the low-pressure flashing and pipeline gas blockage defects that are very likely to occur with low GWP fourth-generation refrigerants. The nine-chamber relay compression mode distributes the pressure ratio in stages, further reducing the operating fluctuations caused by the violent phase change of the refrigerant. With the mechanical dual-threshold energy storage spring pressure stabilization structure, even if there are fluctuations in power input, the refrigerant circulation conditions can be kept stable.

[0021] Example 8: Implementation of Extended Powertrain Options The basic core structure of this invention relies on two sets of purely mechanical power to achieve passive operation. In the industrial mass production stage, a 24V DC drive motor and a matching mechanical clutch transmission assembly can be added as an expansion option. This allows connection to a 24V vehicle battery as an auxiliary power source, directly driving the energy storage spring for charging or directly driving the piston compression mechanism. This electrical drive method is an optional expansion configuration of the fully mechanical passive core structure claimed in this patent, but not part of the fully mechanical passive core structure claimed in this patent. Derivative electrical versions of products can be developed independently based on the main structure of this invention.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the energy storage spring assembly can be composed of multiple large-specification planar spiral springs connected in parallel, with each spring rated to bear 10 tons, and a total of ten springs working in sync to increase the overall energy storage limit; it can be equipped with a mechanical watch escapement speed regulating mechanism as a speed control component, which can constrain the spring potential energy to be released slowly and uniformly, avoid instantaneous power release, and ensure long-term stable and uniform operation of the piston mechanism.

[0023] In another preferred embodiment, the heat exchange pipeline can be configured with three sets of pressure-stabilizing spheres and three independent copper tubes working together to throttle and stabilize the refrigerant, thereby smoothing out refrigerant flow fluctuations under low-speed operating conditions and improving the overall operational stability of the unit.

[0024] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-cavity relay-type fully mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device, characterized in that: It includes a nine-cavity annular array assembly, a piston extrusion mechanism, a valve core-like one-way valve core assembly, a high-position one-way exhaust valve on the side wall, two sets of mechanical charging mechanisms, a large-tonnage energy storage and accumulating spring assembly, a one-way accumulating ratchet, and a mechanical pressure-sensing automatic clutch switching mechanism. The nine-cavity annular array assembly consists of nine cavities arranged in a ring, including a central main working cavity and eight peripheral secondary cavities. Each cavity is equipped with the piston extrusion mechanism. The cavities are connected through a main discharge pipeline. The main discharge pipeline is equipped with the valve core-like one-way valve core assembly. The valve core-type one-way valve core assembly includes a valve core, an elastic reset member, and a valve seat. The flow cross-sectional area of ​​the valve core is a preset ratio of the total cross-sectional area of ​​the main discharge pipeline. The medium can push open the valve core to pass through in the forward direction. After the pressure disappears, the elastic reset member presses the valve seat to achieve one-way locking, and the refrigerant and gaseous medium cannot flow back. Each cavity is provided with a high-position one-way exhaust valve on the upper part of the side wall. When the piston extrusion mechanism retracts to form a negative pressure, the gaseous refrigerant is drawn into the cavity buffer. When the piston extrusion mechanism pressurizes, the high pressure seals the high-position one-way exhaust valve on the side wall. The two sets of mechanical charging mechanisms are a vehicle-mounted linkage charging mechanism and a jack rotation charging mechanism. The jack rotation charging mechanism is composed of multiple jack units linked together. Both charging mechanisms store mechanical energy in one direction to the large-tonnage energy storage spring assembly through the unidirectional energy storage ratchet. The mechanical pressure-sensing automatic clutch switching mechanism is matched with the large-tonnage energy storage spring assembly; when the spring energy reaches the preset peak pressure, the clutch automatically switches to cut off the external charging input; when the spring energy release pressure drops to the preset maintenance threshold, the clutch automatically connects the external charging mechanism to replenish energy, so that the spring energy is stably maintained within the preset pressure range. The large-tonnage energy storage spring assembly outputs a constant torque to drive the pistons of each chamber to reciprocate, thereby triggering the nine chambers to alternately push the refrigerant to complete the closed refrigeration cycle.

2. The multi-cavity relay-type fully mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset ratio is 20% to 40%.

3. The multi-cavity relay-type fully mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preset ratio is 30%.

4. The multi-cavity relay-type fully mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle-mounted linkage charging mechanism is connected to the vehicle engine transmission end, and can charge the large-tonnage energy storage spring assembly by relying on the engine's idle speed output torque.

5. The multi-cavity relay-type fully mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jack-rotating charging mechanism is detached from the vehicle and power facilities, and can be manually operated to independently charge the large-tonnage energy storage spring assembly.

6. The multi-cavity relay-type fully mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The multiple sets of jack units are composed of ten sets of 50-ton jack units linked together.

7. The multi-cavity relay-type fully mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset peak pressure is 500 tons, and the preset maintenance threshold is 200 tons.

8. The multi-cavity relay-type fully mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mechanical pressure-sensing automatic clutch switching mechanism is a purely mechanical structure that does not require electronic control components. It relies on the physical action of spring pressure to achieve dual threshold switching: automatically cutting off charging when the preset peak pressure is reached and automatically connecting to replenish energy when the preset maintenance threshold is reached.

9. The multi-cavity relay-type fully mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-position one-way exhaust valve on the side wall only allows gaseous refrigerant to enter the upper space buffer of the cavity; liquid refrigerant cannot pass through this exhaust valve.

10. The multi-cavity relay-type fully mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nine chambers alternately push the refrigerant in a fixed sequence. After the central main working chamber completes one round of extrusion and discharge, it triggers the eight peripheral auxiliary chambers to repeat the negative pressure suction and pressurization discharge process, forming an uninterrupted continuous refrigeration cycle.

11. The multi-cavity relay-type fully mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The closed-loop circulation circuit is filled with refrigerant, which is a fourth-generation environmentally friendly refrigerant or a natural refrigerant with a GWP value of less than 500.

12. The multi-cavity relay-type fully mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The refrigerant is an HFO type refrigerant, preferably R1234yf or R515B.

13. The multi-cavity relay-type fully mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The refrigerant is a low-GWP mixed refrigerant, preferably R454C.

14. The multi-cavity relay-type fully mechanical passive refrigeration air conditioning device according to claim 11, characterized in that: The preferred natural refrigerant is R290 or R744.

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