Intelligent breathing type outer wall system based on double-layer phase change gradient energy storage and control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an intelligent breathing type outer wall system based on double-layer phase change gradient energy storage and a control method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of building energy saving. The outer wall comprises, from outside to inside, an outer protective plate, an outer phase change energy storage layer, a breathing ventilation interlayer, an inner phase change temperature regulating layer and an inner decorative plate. Electric exhaust valves and air inlet valves are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the interlayer. A temperature sensor group comprising outdoor, indoor, outer phase change layer, inner phase change layer and air duct temperature sensors is matched with an intelligent control unit. The outer phase change temperature is 28-32 DEG C, and the inner phase change temperature is 20-24 DEG C, so as to form a gradient-decreasing double-layer phase change energy storage structure. The control method is based on indoor and outdoor temperatures to determine macro working conditions in summer, winter and transition seasons, and further adjusts the opening degree of the air valve according to the real-time temperatures of the inner and outer phase change layers, so as to realize three-level hierarchical intelligent control of macroscopic judgment, basic action and phase change feedback.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of building energy-saving exterior wall technology, specifically to an intelligent breathing exterior wall system based on double-layer phase change gradient energy storage and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Building energy consumption accounts for a very high proportion of total social energy consumption, with heat transfer through exterior walls accounting for more than 30% of total building energy consumption. Therefore, energy conservation through exterior walls is a core aspect of building energy conservation. Phase change energy storage exterior walls, through the heat storage and release characteristics of phase change materials, can buffer indoor and outdoor temperature fluctuations and reduce energy consumption for air conditioning and heating, making them a current research hotspot in the field of building energy conservation.

[0003] Existing phase change energy storage exterior walls mostly employ a passive single-layer phase change layer design. The phase change material can only passively absorb and release heat, lacking the ability to actively regulate the heat transfer path. In summer, the single-layer phase change layer has insufficient cooling capacity, making it difficult to effectively block the transfer of high-temperature outdoor heat to the interior. In winter, the phase change material dissipates heat too quickly after accumulating heat, making it difficult to achieve a sustained and stable indoor insulation effect. More importantly, the phase change temperature of a single-layer phase change layer cannot simultaneously meet the dual requirements of summer insulation and winter heat preservation, resulting in a persistent incompatibility between summer and winter operating conditions. In existing exterior wall systems with ventilation structures, the ventilation ducts are mostly designed with fixed opening degrees or only have simple open / closed states, failing to comprehensively judge and adaptively adjust based on outdoor weather conditions, indoor thermal environment requirements, and the heat storage and release state of the phase change material itself. While some systems have ventilation openings, switching between summer and winter operating conditions relies on manual operation, which is not only cumbersome but also unable to achieve real-time dynamic optimization, significantly reducing the energy-saving effect of ventilation.

[0004] Some studies have attempted to integrate phase change energy storage with ventilation functions, but the proposed structural solutions often involve complex mechanical transmission components, hydraulic drive devices, or sophisticated air distribution systems, leading to difficulties in component processing, high manufacturing costs, and inconvenience in on-site installation and maintenance. The complex structural design also reduces system reliability, making it difficult to meet the construction industry's urgent needs for low cost, high reliability, and ease of construction. Existing control strategies for phase change energy storage exterior walls are mostly simple setpoint switch controls, lacking intelligent condition discrimination capabilities based on multi-source temperature information fusion, and failing to incorporate the real-time temperature status of the phase change material into the control feedback loop. This prevents the synergistic optimization of phase change energy storage and ventilation regulation, limiting the overall energy-saving potential of the system.

[0005] In summary, existing phase change energy storage exterior wall technologies have significant technical shortcomings in areas such as phase change material gradient matching design, intelligent control of ventilation ducts, simplification of system structure, and optimization of control strategies. There is an urgent need for a new exterior wall system and its intelligent control method that can solve the above problems simultaneously. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an intelligent breathing-type exterior wall system based on double-layer phase change gradient energy storage and its control method to solve the problems mentioned in the background art or achieve better technical effects.

[0007] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the inventors derived the technical solution of the present invention through practice and summary. The present invention discloses an intelligent breathing type exterior wall system based on double-layer phase change gradient energy storage, which includes, from the outside to the inside, an outer protective plate, an outer phase change energy storage layer, a breathing ventilation interlayer, an inner phase change temperature regulating layer and an inner decorative plate.

[0008] The upper and lower ends of the breathing ventilation interlayer are respectively equipped with an electric upper exhaust valve and an electric lower air inlet valve;

[0009] It also includes an intelligent control unit and a temperature sensor group, the temperature sensor group including an outdoor temperature sensor, an indoor temperature sensor, an outer phase change layer temperature sensor, an inner phase change layer temperature sensor, and an air duct temperature sensor; the intelligent control unit is electrically connected to the temperature sensor group, the upper exhaust valve, and the lower air inlet valve respectively, and is used to receive the temperature signals transmitted by each temperature sensor, and control the opening, closing, and opening degree adjustment of the upper exhaust valve and the lower air inlet valve according to the temperature signals.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer phase change energy storage layer is filled with microcapsule phase change material with a phase change temperature of 28~32℃, and the inner phase change temperature regulating layer is filled with microcapsule phase change material with a phase change temperature of 20~24℃. The outer phase change temperature is higher than the inner phase change temperature, forming a double-layer gradient phase change energy storage structure with a decreasing temperature gradient from the outside to the inside.

[0011] Furthermore, the outer protective panel has a solar radiation reflective coating on its surface; the inner decorative panel is an integrated heat insulation and decoration panel.

[0012] Furthermore, the breathing ventilation interlayer is a vertically enclosed cavity with a thickness of 50~80mm; the upper exhaust valve and the lower air inlet valve are both electrically adjustable valves, which can continuously adjust the opening degree from 0 to 100%.

[0013] Furthermore, the intelligent control unit includes a PLC controller and a power module. The power module takes in 220V AC power and outputs 24V DC power. The PLC controller has a built-in storage module to record temperature data and control logs. All sensors in the temperature sensor group are digital temperature sensors with an accuracy of ±0.5℃.

[0014] Furthermore, the layers of boards are spliced ​​and fixed together by clips or expansion bolts, and the gaps are sealed with sealant; the wiring of the intelligent control unit and temperature sensor group is concealed in the reserved wire grooves of each layer of boards.

[0015] Furthermore, a control method for an intelligent breathing-type exterior wall system based on dual-layer phase change gradient energy storage includes the following steps:

[0016] S1: Initialization settings: The intelligent control unit is powered on, and each temperature sensor and electric air valve is initialized. The temperature threshold and air valve opening parameters for summer mode, winter mode and transition season mode are preset, and the phase change auxiliary control threshold is also preset.

[0017] S2: Temperature Acquisition: The temperature sensor group collects outdoor temperature, indoor temperature, outer phase change energy storage layer temperature, inner phase change temperature regulation layer temperature, and breathing ventilation interlayer temperature in real time, and transmits the collected temperature data to the intelligent control unit.

[0018] S3: Operating Condition Determination: The intelligent control unit compares the collected temperature data with the preset threshold to determine whether the current operating condition is summer mode, winter mode, or transitional season mode.

[0019] S4: Adaptive Control: Based on the determined operating mode, the intelligent control unit outputs control commands to drive the upper exhaust valve and the lower air inlet valve to perform corresponding actions, thereby achieving a balance between ventilation and heat dissipation, closed insulation, or micro-ventilation.

[0020] S5: Auxiliary regulation and fault tolerance: The opening of the air valve is finely adjusted according to the temperature status of the outer phase change energy storage layer and the inner phase change temperature regulation layer; when the temperature sensor fails, it switches to manual mode and alarms.

[0021] Furthermore, in S1, the preset threshold is specifically:

[0022] The summer mode is triggered when the outdoor temperature is >30℃ and the indoor temperature is >26℃.

[0023] The winter mode is triggered when the outdoor temperature is <10℃ and the indoor temperature is <20℃.

[0024] The threshold for triggering the transitional season mode is 10℃≤outdoor temperature≤30℃.

[0025] Furthermore, in S4, the specific control methods for each operating condition are as follows: in summer mode, the exhaust valve and the intake valve are fully opened; in winter mode, all air valves are closed; and in transitional season mode, the air valves are adjusted to 50% opening.

[0026] Furthermore, in S5, the auxiliary control method is as follows:

[0027] When the temperature of the outer phase change energy storage layer is ≥32℃, the exhaust valve is fully opened to accelerate heat dissipation.

[0028] When the temperature of the outer phase change energy storage layer is ≤28℃, restore the current operating condition of the air valve.

[0029] When the temperature of the inner phase change temperature regulating layer is ≥24℃, adjust the opening of the air valve to 30~40%;

[0030] When the temperature of the inner phase change temperature regulating layer is ≤20℃, close all air valves.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0032] (1) The present invention adopts a gradient-decreasing double-layer phase change structure with an outer phase change temperature of 28~32℃ and an inner phase change temperature of 20~24℃, which matches the temperature requirements of summer heat insulation and winter heat preservation in layers. Compared with the existing single-layer phase change layer design, the utilization rate of latent heat of phase change can be increased by more than 40%, and the effective working temperature range of phase change material is nearly doubled, giving full play to the performance potential of phase change energy storage material.

[0033] (2) The three-level control architecture of "macroscopic discrimination - basic action - phase change feedback" proposed in this invention integrates two control logics: indoor and outdoor temperature discrimination and phase change layer temperature state feedback. This enables the system to automatically and smoothly switch between three modes: summer heat dissipation, winter heat preservation, and transitional season micro-ventilation, based on the real-time thermal environment, without any manual intervention throughout the process. In particular, by incorporating the phase change layer temperature into the control feedback loop, the damper action can respond to the heat storage and release state of the phase change material, achieving coordinated optimization of the energy storage process and the ventilation process.

[0034] (3) The exterior wall system of the present invention consists of five layers of panels and standardized electric air valves, temperature sensors and controllers. It has no complex mechanical transmission, hydraulic or pneumatic components. Each layer is spliced ​​by snaps or expansion bolts. The construction mode of factory prefabrication and on-site assembly greatly reduces the processing difficulty and installation cost. It is suitable for batch construction of new buildings and energy-saving renovation of existing buildings. It has good prospects for industrialization and promotion.

[0035] (4) This invention can effectively reduce the energy consumption of building air conditioning and heating by 30% to 50% through the synergistic effect of double-layer phase change gradient energy storage and intelligent breathing ventilation, while controlling indoor temperature fluctuations within ±2℃, significantly improving indoor thermal comfort. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a block diagram showing the connection between the control unit and various components of the present invention.

[0039] Figure label:

[0040] 1. Outer protective panel;

[0041] 2. Outer phase change energy storage layer;

[0042] 3. Breathing ventilation interlayer;

[0043] 4. Inner phase change temperature regulating layer;

[0044] 5. Inner decorative panel;

[0045] 6. Lower air inlet valve;

[0046] 7. Upper exhaust valve;

[0047] 8. Temperature sensor array; 81. Outdoor temperature sensor; 82. Indoor temperature sensor; 83. Outer phase change layer temperature sensor; 84. Inner phase change layer temperature sensor; 85. Air duct temperature sensor;

[0048] 9. Intelligent control unit; 91. Controller; 92. Power supply module;

[0049] 10. Buckle. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.

[0051] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials or reagents used in the following examples are commercially available products.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] A smart breathing-type exterior wall system based on dual-layer phase change gradient energy storage, such as Figures 1-3 As shown, from the outside to the inside, it includes an outer protective plate 1, an outer phase change energy storage layer 2, a breathing ventilation interlayer 3, an inner phase change temperature regulating layer 4, and an inner decorative plate 5. The upper and lower ends of the breathing ventilation interlayer 3 are respectively equipped with an electric upper exhaust valve 7 and an electric lower air inlet valve 6. It also includes an intelligent control unit 9 and a temperature sensor group 8. The temperature sensor group 8 includes an outdoor temperature sensor 81, an indoor temperature sensor 82, an outer phase change layer temperature sensor 83, an inner phase change layer temperature sensor 84, and a duct temperature sensor 85. The intelligent control unit 9 is electrically connected to the temperature sensor group 8, the upper exhaust valve 7, and the lower air inlet valve 6, respectively, and is used to receive the temperature signals transmitted by each temperature sensor, and control the opening, closing, and opening degree adjustment of the upper exhaust valve 7 and the lower air inlet valve 6 according to the temperature signals.

[0054] The outer phase change energy storage layer 2 is filled with microcapsule phase change material with a phase change temperature of 28~32℃, and the inner phase change temperature regulating layer 4 is filled with microcapsule phase change material with a phase change temperature of 20~24℃. The phase change temperature of the outer layer is higher than that of the inner layer, forming a double-layer gradient phase change energy storage structure with a decreasing temperature gradient from the outside to the inside. The physical mechanism of this gradient design is as follows: Under summer conditions, the outer high phase change temperature layer preferentially absorbs the high-temperature heat load from the outside and undergoes phase change heat storage. Combined with the convective heat dissipation of the ventilation interlayer, the heat is discharged to the outside, thereby blocking the transfer of high-temperature heat to the indoor side. The inner low phase change temperature layer mainly responds to the thermal disturbance on the indoor side, absorbing the residual heat of the indoor side through the phase change melting process, maintaining the indoor temperature within the range of human comfort. Under winter conditions, the outer phase change layer absorbs and stores solar radiation heat, while the inner phase change layer slowly releases the latent heat of phase change on the indoor side, forming a heat insulation and heat storage barrier that is transferred step by step from the outside to the inside. The dual-layer gradient design enables stratified response to heat loads in different temperature ranges, fundamentally solving the technical problem of incompatibility between single-layer phase change layers in winter and summer.

[0055] The outer protective panel 1 is made of waterproof, weather-resistant, and low thermal conductivity material, and its surface is coated with a solar radiation reflective coating to reduce heat gain from solar radiation in summer; the inner decorative panel 5 is an integrated heat insulation and decoration panel.

[0056] The breathing ventilation interlayer 3 is a vertically enclosed cavity with a thickness of 50-80mm. This thickness range has been optimized by fluid dynamics to ensure the effective formation of natural convection airflow without increasing the overall wall thickness and heat loss due to excessive cavity thickness. The upper exhaust valve 7 and the lower air inlet valve 6 are both electrically adjustable valves, capable of continuous adjustment from 0% to 100% opening, providing a hardware foundation for multimodal ventilation control.

[0057] The intelligent control unit 9 includes a PLC controller 91 and a power module 92. The power module 92 takes in 220V AC power and outputs 24V DC power. The PLC controller 91 has a built-in storage module for recording temperature data and control logs. All sensors in the temperature sensor group 8 are digital temperature sensors with an accuracy of ±0.5℃. Each sensor is arranged in a preset position.

[0058] The layers of boards are spliced ​​and fixed together by clips 10 or expansion bolts, and the gaps are sealed with sealant; the wiring of the intelligent control unit 9 and the temperature sensor group 8 is concealed in the reserved wire grooves of each layer of boards.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] A control method for an intelligent breathing-type exterior wall system based on dual-layer phase change gradient energy storage includes the following steps:

[0061] S1: Initialization settings: The intelligent control unit 9 is powered on, and each temperature sensor and electric air valve is initialized. The temperature threshold and air valve opening parameters for summer mode, winter mode and transition season mode are preset, and the phase change auxiliary control threshold is also preset.

[0062] S2: Temperature acquisition: Temperature sensor group 8 acquires outdoor temperature, indoor temperature, outer phase change energy storage layer 2 temperature, inner phase change temperature regulating layer 4 temperature, and breathing ventilation interlayer 3 temperature in real time, and transmits the acquired temperature data to intelligent control unit 9.

[0063] S3: Operating Condition Determination: The intelligent control unit 9 compares the collected temperature data with the preset threshold to determine whether the current operating condition is summer mode, winter mode, or transitional season mode.

[0064] S4: Adaptive control: Based on the determined working mode, the intelligent control unit 9 outputs control commands to drive the upper exhaust valve 7 and the lower air inlet valve 6 to perform corresponding actions, so as to achieve a balance between ventilation and heat dissipation, closed insulation or micro-ventilation.

[0065] S5: Auxiliary regulation and fault tolerance: The opening of the air valve is finely adjusted according to the temperature status of the outer phase change energy storage layer 2 and the inner phase change temperature regulation layer 4; when the temperature sensor fails, it switches to manual mode and alarms.

[0066] The preset thresholds in step S1 are as follows: the summer mode trigger threshold is outdoor temperature > 30℃ and indoor temperature > 26℃; the winter mode trigger threshold is outdoor temperature < 10℃ and indoor temperature < 20℃; the transition season mode trigger threshold is 10℃ ≤ outdoor temperature ≤ 30℃; the phase change auxiliary regulation thresholds are outer phase change energy storage layer 2 temperature ≥ 32℃, outer phase change energy storage layer 2 temperature ≤ 28℃, inner phase change temperature regulation layer 4 temperature ≥ 24℃, and inner phase change temperature regulation layer 4 temperature ≤ 20℃.

[0067] In step S2, the temperature sensor group 8 collects data once every 5 minutes; from 22:00 at night to 6:00 the next day, the intelligent control unit 9 switches to low power mode, and the temperature sensor group 8 collects data once every 30 minutes.

[0068] The specific control methods for each operating condition in step S4 are as follows: in summer mode, fully open exhaust valve 7 and air inlet valve 6; in winter mode, close all air valves; and in transitional season mode, adjust the air valves to 50% opening.

[0069] The specific logic of the auxiliary control in step S5 is as follows: when the temperature of the outer phase change energy storage layer 2 is ≥32℃, the exhaust valve 7 is fully opened to accelerate heat dissipation; when the temperature of the outer phase change energy storage layer 2 is ≤28℃, the current operating condition of the exhaust valve is restored; when the temperature of the inner phase change temperature regulating layer 4 is ≥24℃, the opening of the exhaust valve is adjusted to 30~40%; when the temperature of the inner phase change temperature regulating layer 4 is ≤20℃, all exhaust valves are closed.

[0070] This invention establishes a three-level progressive control architecture: "macroscopic operating condition judgment - basic valve operation - phase change state feedback fine-tuning". The first level determines the macroscopic seasonal operating condition based on outdoor and indoor temperatures, determining the basic state of the valve (fully open / fully closed / partially open). The second level provides auxiliary fine-tuning of the valve opening based on the real-time temperature state of the phase change layer. When the phase change material approaches complete phase change, it actively enhances ventilation or closes for insulation to prevent the phase change material from failing due to overcooling or overheating. The third level provides fault tolerance assurance. This three-level architecture achieves coordinated optimization of the phase change energy storage process and the ventilation process, solving the technical problem of the disconnect between the thermal state of the phase change layer and the ventilation action in traditional control strategies.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] Reference Figures 1 to 3 This exterior wall system adopts modular prefabrication. All layers of panels (outer protective panel, outer phase change energy storage layer, inner phase change temperature regulating layer, and inner decorative panel) are prefabricated in the factory. The electric air valves, temperature sensors, and intelligent control units of the breathing ventilation interlayer are pre-wired, and only need to be spliced ​​and fixed on site using clips and expansion bolts. The specific installation steps are as follows:

[0073] (1) Base treatment: Clean the base of the building exterior wall to ensure that the base is flat, dry and free of debris, and repair cracks and depressions in the base.

[0074] 2. Fix the outer protective panel: Fix the outer protective panel 1 to the base layer with expansion bolts. Seal the gaps between the panels with sealant to ensure waterproofing and windproofing.

[0075] 3. Install the outer phase change energy storage layer: Splice and fix the prefabricated outer phase change energy storage layer 2 to the inside of the outer protective plate, ensuring that the heat conduction protrusion faces the breathing ventilation interlayer 3, and seal the gaps.

[0076] 4. Install the breathing ventilation interlayer components: Fix the upper exhaust valve 7 and the lower air inlet valve 6 to the reserved openings at the upper and lower ends of the breathing ventilation interlayer 3, embed the air duct temperature sensor 85 in the middle of the interlayer, and wire it to the reserved interface of the intelligent control unit 9.

[0077] 5. Install the inner phase change temperature regulating layer: Splice and fix the inner phase change temperature regulating layer 4 inside the breathing ventilation interlayer 3, ensuring that the metal substrate faces the indoor side, and leave a gap of 5~10mm between it and the interlayer to facilitate heat dissipation.

[0078] 6. Install the inner decorative panel: Splice and fix the inner decorative panel 5 to the inside of the inner phase change temperature regulating layer 4, adjust the flatness, and seal the gaps with decorative sealant to ensure a neat appearance.

[0079] 7. Debug the intelligent control unit: Connect the power supply of the intelligent control unit 9, debug each sensor and electric air valve, set preset thresholds, simulate different working conditions, and ensure that the control logic is normal and the air valve operates flexibly.

[0080] The entire installation process requires no complicated construction equipment and can be completed by 2-3 construction workers, with an installation time of no more than 1 hour per square meter.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] The specific control parameters for North my country (temperate monsoon climate) are set as follows:

[0083] Summer mode trigger thresholds: outdoor temperature > 30℃, indoor temperature > 26℃;

[0084] Winter mode trigger threshold: outdoor temperature <10℃, indoor temperature <20℃;

[0085] Transitional season mode trigger threshold: 10℃≤outdoor temperature≤30℃;

[0086] Phase change assisted control thresholds: outer phase change layer temperature ≥ 32℃ (exhaust valve fully open), outer phase change layer temperature ≤ 28℃ (restore current operating condition valve state); inner phase change layer temperature ≥ 24℃ (valve opening 30%), inner phase change layer temperature ≤ 20℃ (all valves closed);

[0087] Nighttime low power mode: 22:00~6:00 the next day, sensor data acquisition frequency once every 30 minutes, air valve maintains the current basic operating condition.

[0088] For different climate zones (such as the southern subtropical zone and the northern cold temperate zone), the above thresholds can be adaptively adjusted according to local climate characteristics and the orientation of the exterior walls.

[0089] Example 5

[0090] Taking a typical high-temperature day in summer (outdoor temperature 35℃, indoor temperature 28℃) as an example, the workflow of this system is as follows:

[0091] (1) The intelligent control unit 9 is powered on, and the sensor and air valve are initialized and the preset control parameters are loaded;

[0092] 2. Outdoor temperature sensor 81 collects an outdoor temperature of 35℃, and indoor temperature sensor 82 collects an indoor temperature of 28℃. The data is transmitted to the intelligent control unit 9.

[0093] 3. The intelligent control unit 9 determines that the outdoor temperature is >30℃ and the indoor temperature is >26℃, and triggers the summer mode;

[0094] 4. The intelligent control unit 9 outputs control commands to fully open the upper exhaust valve 7 and the lower air inlet valve 6, forming a vertical natural convection air duct in the breathing ventilation interlayer 3, which quickly discharges the outdoor heat absorbed by the outer phase change energy storage layer 2, accelerates the solidification and cold storage of the outer phase change material, and blocks the transfer of outdoor high temperature heat to the room.

[0095] 5. The outer phase change layer temperature sensor 83 monitors the temperature of the outer phase change energy storage layer 2 in real time. If the temperature continues to rise to 32℃, the intelligent control unit 9 keeps the exhaust valve fully open to ensure maximum heat dissipation capacity;

[0096] The inner phase change layer temperature sensor 84 monitors the temperature of the inner phase change temperature regulating layer 4 in real time. If the temperature of the inner phase change temperature regulating layer 4 reaches 24℃, the intelligent control unit 9 adjusts the opening of the air valve to 30% to achieve micro-ventilation and cooling, and assists the inner phase change material in releasing heat.

[0097] After 22:00 on the night of the 7th, the system automatically switches to low power mode, the sensor acquisition frequency drops to once every 30 minutes, and the air valve maintains a micro-ventilation state.

[0098] When the outdoor temperature drops below 28℃ on the morning of the 8th day, the system exits summer mode and switches to transition season mode.

[0099] Example 6

[0100] Taking a typical low-temperature day in winter (outdoor temperature -5℃, indoor temperature 16℃) as an example:

[0101] (1) The outdoor temperature sensor 81 collects the outdoor temperature as -5℃, the indoor temperature sensor 82 collects the indoor temperature as 16℃, and the intelligent control unit 9 determines that the outdoor temperature is <10℃ and the indoor temperature is <20℃, triggering the winter mode.

[0102] 2. The intelligent control unit 9 outputs control commands to close all electric air valves, and the breathing ventilation interlayer 3 forms a closed air insulation layer to reduce the loss of indoor heat through the interlayer.

[0103] 3. The outer phase change energy storage layer 2 absorbs and stores solar radiation heat, and the phase change material gradually melts and stores heat.

[0104] 4. The outer phase change layer temperature sensor 83 monitors the outer layer temperature in real time. If the temperature is below 28℃, the system keeps the air valve closed to ensure the insulation effect.

[0105] 5. The inner phase change temperature regulating layer 4 slowly releases the stored latent heat of phase change, maintaining the indoor temperature within the range of 20~22℃.

[0106] 6 If the temperature of the inner phase change temperature regulating layer 4 drops below 20°C, the intelligent control unit 9 keeps all air valves closed to promote heat storage of the phase change material.

[0107] 7. In the low-power night mode, the air valve is kept fully closed and the sensor collects data at a low frequency.

[0108] Example 7

[0109] Taking the transitional season between spring and autumn (outdoor temperature 22℃, indoor temperature 24℃) as an example:

[0110] (1) The intelligent control unit 9 determines that the outdoor temperature is 10℃≤outdoor temperature and 22℃≤30℃, and triggers the transitional season mode;

[0111] 2. The intelligent control unit 9 outputs control commands to adjust the opening of the upper exhaust valve 7 and the lower air inlet valve 6 to 50% to achieve micro-ventilation;

[0112] The 3-layer breathing ventilation interlayer creates slow natural ventilation, balancing indoor and outdoor heat and preventing the indoor environment from becoming too cold or too hot.

[0113] 4. If the outer phase change energy storage layer 2 heats up to 32°C due to afternoon solar radiation, the auxiliary control logic will be activated, and the exhaust valve will be fully opened to accelerate heat dissipation and prevent the outer phase change material from overheating.

[0114] 5. After the temperature of the outer phase change layer drops below 28°C, the system returns to the transitional season basic state with 50% opening.

[0115] Example 8

[0116] When any sensor in temperature sensor group 8 malfunctions (such as signal interruption or data abnormality):

[0117] (1) The intelligent control unit 9 detects that the temperature data exceeds the normal range or that the communication timeout has occurred;

[0118] 2. The intelligent control unit 9 automatically switches to manual mode to maintain the current air valve status;

[0119] 3. The intelligent control unit 9 issues an audible and visual alarm signal to prompt maintenance personnel to check the faulty sensor;

[0120] 4. After maintenance personnel replace the faulty sensor, the system can be manually reset or automatically detected and restored, and re-enter the automatic control mode.

[0121] This fault-tolerant mechanism ensures that the system can maintain basic external wall protection and insulation functions even if some sensors fail, preventing the system from completely collapsing.

Claims

1. A smart breathing-type exterior wall system based on dual-layer phase change gradient energy storage, characterized in that, From the outside to the inside, it includes an outer protective plate (1), an outer phase change energy storage layer (2), a breathing ventilation interlayer (3), an inner phase change temperature regulating layer (4), and an inner decorative plate (5). The upper and lower ends of the breathing ventilation interlayer (3) are respectively provided with an electric upper exhaust valve (7) and an electric lower air inlet valve (6). It also includes an intelligent control unit (9) and a temperature sensor group (8). The temperature sensor group (8) includes an outdoor temperature sensor (81), an indoor temperature sensor (82), an outer phase change layer temperature sensor (83), an inner phase change layer temperature sensor (84), and a duct temperature sensor (85). The intelligent control unit (9) is electrically connected to the temperature sensor group (8), the upper exhaust valve (7), and the lower air inlet valve (6) respectively. It is used to receive the temperature signals transmitted by each temperature sensor and control the opening, closing, and opening degree adjustment of the upper exhaust valve (7) and the lower air inlet valve (6) according to the temperature signals.

2. The intelligent breathing-type exterior wall system based on dual-layer phase change gradient energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer phase change energy storage layer (2) is filled with microcapsule phase change material with a phase change temperature of 28~32℃, and the inner phase change temperature regulating layer (4) is filled with microcapsule phase change material with a phase change temperature of 20~24℃. The outer phase change temperature is higher than the inner phase change temperature, forming a double-layer gradient phase change energy storage structure with a decreasing temperature gradient from the outside to the inside.

3. The intelligent breathing-type exterior wall system based on dual-layer phase change gradient energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer protective panel (1) has a solar radiation reflective coating on its surface; the inner decorative panel (5) is an integrated heat insulation and decoration panel.

4. The intelligent breathing-type exterior wall system based on dual-layer phase change gradient energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The breathing ventilation interlayer (3) is a vertical closed cavity with a thickness of 50~80mm; the upper exhaust valve (7) and the lower air inlet valve (6) are both electric regulating valves, which can realize continuous adjustment of the opening degree from 0 to 100%.

5. The intelligent breathing-type exterior wall system based on dual-layer phase change gradient energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control unit (9) includes a PLC controller (91) and a power module (92). The power module (92) inputs 220V AC power and outputs 24V DC power. The PLC controller (91) has a built-in storage module to record temperature data and control logs. All sensors in the temperature sensor group (8) are digital temperature sensors with an accuracy of ±0.5℃.

6. The intelligent breathing-type exterior wall system based on dual-layer phase change gradient energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each layer of the board is spliced ​​and fixed by buckles (10) or expansion bolts, and the gaps are sealed with sealant; the wiring of the intelligent control unit (9) and the temperature sensor group (8) is concealed in the reserved wire grooves of each layer of the board.

7. A control method for an intelligent breathing-type exterior wall system based on dual-layer phase change gradient energy storage, used in any one of the intelligent breathing-type exterior wall systems based on dual-layer phase change gradient energy storage as described in claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Initialization settings: The intelligent control unit (9) is powered on, and each temperature sensor and electric air valve is initialized. The temperature threshold and air valve opening parameters of summer mode, winter mode and transition season mode are preset, and the phase change auxiliary control threshold is preset at the same time. S2: Temperature acquisition: The temperature sensor group (8) collects the outdoor temperature, indoor temperature, outer phase change energy storage layer (2) temperature, inner phase change temperature regulating layer (4) temperature, and breathing ventilation interlayer (3) temperature in real time, and transmits the collected temperature data to the intelligent control unit (9). S3: Operating condition determination: The intelligent control unit (9) compares the collected temperature data with the preset threshold and determines whether the current operating condition is summer mode, winter mode or transitional season mode. S4: Adaptive control: According to the determined working mode, the intelligent control unit (9) outputs control commands to drive the upper exhaust valve (7) and the lower air inlet valve (6) to perform corresponding actions to achieve ventilation and heat dissipation, closed heat preservation or micro ventilation balance; S5: Auxiliary regulation and fault tolerance: The opening degree of the air valve is adjusted by means of auxiliary fine adjustment according to the temperature status of the outer phase change energy storage layer (2) and the inner phase change temperature regulation layer (4); when the temperature sensor fails, it switches to manual mode and alarms.

8. The control method for the intelligent breathing-type external wall system based on double-layer phase change gradient energy storage according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S1, the preset threshold is specifically: The summer mode is triggered when the outdoor temperature is >30℃ and the indoor temperature is >26℃. The winter mode is triggered when the outdoor temperature is <10℃ and the indoor temperature is <20℃. The threshold for triggering the transitional season mode is 10℃≤outdoor temperature≤30℃.

9. The control method for the intelligent breathing-type external wall system based on double-layer phase change gradient energy storage according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S4, the specific control methods for each working condition are as follows: in summer mode, the exhaust valve (7) and the air inlet valve (6) are fully opened; in winter mode, all air valves are closed; and in transitional season mode, the air valves are adjusted to 50% opening.

10. The control method for the intelligent breathing-type exterior wall system based on double-layer phase change gradient energy storage according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S5, the auxiliary control method is as follows: When the temperature of the outer phase change energy storage layer (2) is ≥32℃, the exhaust valve (7) is fully opened to accelerate heat dissipation; When the temperature of the outer phase change energy storage layer (2) is ≤28℃, restore the current working condition of the air valve. When the temperature of the inner phase change temperature regulating layer (4) is ≥24℃, adjust the opening of the air valve to 30~40%; When the temperature of the inner phase change temperature regulating layer (4) is ≤20℃, close all air valves.

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