A cleaning device for an air preheater and a method of using the same

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of air preheater, and particularly relates to a cleaning device of air preheater and a using method thereof, which comprises a casing and a top plate, the top plate is fixedly arranged on the top of the casing, and a plurality of heat exchange pipes are arranged on the bottom of the top plate to form a main body of the air preheater, the two sides of the casing are respectively provided with opening and closing plates which can slide up and down, at least two cleaning seats are arranged on the opposite sides of the two opening and closing plates, the two cleaning seats on the same side are a group, the end parts of the cleaning seats of the two groups which face each other are rotatably provided with supporting rods, the supporting rods extend to the inside of the casing and pass through the middle sections of the heat exchange pipes, a plurality of cleaning strips are arranged on the outer circumferences of the supporting rods, the opening and closing plates are used as a single power source to drive the supporting rods to move up and down and rotate, and the cleaning strips are swept along the axial direction of the heat exchange pipes to pass through the whole outer wall of the heat exchange pipe in a single stroke, so that the rotation cleaning of the outer wall of the heat exchange pipe is completed, and the coverage range of the single cleaning is expanded through the up and down movement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of air preheaters, and more specifically to a cleaning device for an air preheater and its method of use. Background Technology

[0002] The air preheater is a key heat exchange device in a boiler flue gas waste heat recovery system. It transfers heat from the boiler flue gas to the air to be preheated through heat exchange tubes. During long-term operation, dust and ash from both the flue gas and air sides gradually adhere to the outer walls of the heat exchange tubes, forming a scale layer. The thermal conductivity of this scale layer is much lower than that of the metal material of the heat exchange tube walls, leading to increased thermal resistance and a significant decrease in heat exchange efficiency. Simultaneously, the accumulated ash also increases the flow resistance between the flue gas and air, exacerbating corrosion and wear on the heat exchange tube walls and shortening the equipment's service life. Therefore, regular cleaning of the outer walls of the heat exchange tubes is necessary during air preheater operation to maintain heat exchange efficiency.

[0003] There are two main types of existing methods for cleaning the outer wall of heat exchange tubes. One type uses a rotary cleaning structure, where a drive unit rotates a brush roller or cleaning brush around the axis of the heat exchange tube, relying on the rotational friction between the brush bristles and the tube wall to remove accumulated dust. The cleaning range of this type is limited by the axial length of the brush roller; a single rotation can only clean a section of the tube wall it covers. For longer heat exchange tubes, the brush roller needs to be moved in sections along the tube axis and cleaned repeatedly to cover the entire outer wall. This process is cumbersome and time-consuming, and the brush roller can easily leave blind spots on the tube wall between adjacent movements, resulting in localized dust residue. The other type uses a moving cleaning structure, where a drive unit moves a cleaning brush up and down along the axis of the heat exchange tube, relying on the relative movement and friction between the brush and the tube wall to remove accumulated dust. Although this type of structure can cover the entire heat exchange tube along the tube axis, its cleaning action is only a simple translational wiping, lacking rotational motion, resulting in limited decontamination ability. It is not effective at removing firmly attached ash, and when moving in one direction, it is easy to push the ash to one end of the tube wall, causing secondary accumulation and incomplete cleaning.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a cleaning device that can simultaneously drive the cleaning components to move up and down along the heat exchange tube axis and rotate around the heat exchange tube axis with a single power source. This allows the cleaning strip to complete the rotational cleaning of the outer wall of the heat exchange tube in a single stroke, and also cover the entire outer wall of the heat exchange tube by moving up and down, avoiding blind spots in cleaning. This simplifies the transmission structure, reduces the number of power components, and improves the cleaning efficiency and comprehensiveness of the outer wall of the heat exchange tube. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cleaning device for an air preheater and its method of use to solve the above-mentioned problems. It realizes a compound cleaning action that uses the lifting and lowering of the opening and closing plate as a single power source to simultaneously drive the support rod to move up and down and rotate. The cleaning strip moves up and down with the opening and closing plate while rotating with the support rod. The rotational cleaning and axial movement are superimposed, so that the cleaning strip sweeps across the entire outer wall of the heat exchange tube along the axial direction in a single stroke. This not only completes the rotational cleaning of the outer wall of the heat exchange tube, but also expands the coverage area of ​​a single cleaning by moving up and down. It avoids the cleaning blind spots caused by rotation or movement alone, and improves the cleaning efficiency and cleanliness of the outer wall of the heat exchange tube, as detailed below.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The present invention provides a cleaning device for an air preheater, comprising a housing and a top plate. The top plate is fixedly disposed on the top of the housing, and a plurality of heat exchange tubes are provided at the bottom of the top plate to form the main body of the air preheater. The housing is provided with sliding opening and closing plates on both sides, and at least two cleaning seats are provided on opposite sides of the two opening and closing plates. Two cleaning seats located on the same side constitute a group. Both sets of cleaning seats facing each other are rotatably equipped with support rods. The support rods extend into the housing and pass through the middle section of each heat exchange tube. Multiple cleaning strips are provided on the outer circumference of the support rods. The rotation of the support rods can cause the cleaning strips to rotate and clean the outer wall of the heat exchange tubes. The middle section of the support rod is provided with a driven gear, and the bottom of the top plate is provided with multiple opposing racks. The opposing racks mesh with the corresponding driven gears. The sliding of the opening and closing plate causes the cleaning seat and the support rod to move synchronously, and drives the driven gear to rotate through the meshing transmission of the opposing racks, so that the support rod rotates to clean the outer wall of the heat exchange tube while moving up and down to expand the cleaning range.

[0007] Preferably, a sliding sleeve is provided between the driven gear and the corresponding support rod, and the driven gear engages with the support rod in one direction via the sliding sleeve. A movable cavity is provided inside the sliding sleeve, and a movable block is slidably provided in the movable cavity. An inclined block adapted to the movable block is fixed on the outer wall of the support rod. One side of the inclined block has an abutment surface perpendicular to the axis of the support rod, and one side of the movable block has a limiting surface adapted to the abutment surface. The rotation of the driven gear causes the limiting surface to abut against the abutment surface to push the support rod to rotate synchronously. The side of the inclined block away from the abutment surface has a pushing surface inclined to the axis of the support rod, and the side of the movable block facing the inclined block has a clearance surface adapted to the pushing surface. When the driven gear rotates in the opposite direction, the movable block slides along the pushing surface through the clearance surface and retracts into the movable cavity, disengaging from the inclined block so that the support rod remains stationary relative to the driven gear, realizing unidirectional transmission engagement between the driven gear and the support rod.

[0008] Preferably, a spring is provided inside the movable cavity, and the spring abuts against the wall of the movable cavity and the movable block, so that the movable block always tends to extend towards the outer wall of the support rod. A vertical groove is opened in the middle of the movable block, and a sliding rod is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the movable cavity of the sliding sleeve. The sliding rod passes through the vertical groove and restricts the movable block to slide only in the radial direction of the movable cavity. A locking block with a diameter larger than the opening diameter of the vertical groove is provided at the end of the sliding rod to limit the maximum stroke of the movable block extending out of the movable cavity and prevent the movable block from falling out of the movable cavity.

[0009] Preferably, a damping ring is provided between the support rod and the cleaning seat. The damping ring is sleeved on the outer periphery of the support rod to provide resistance so that when the driven gear moves upward and rotates in the opposite direction, the support rod remains stationary relative to the cleaning seat due to the resistance of the damping ring, and moves upward with the opening and closing plate to wipe the outer wall of the heat exchange tube. The resistance of the damping ring is greater than the frictional force applied to the support rod by the contact friction between the moving block and the inclined block when the driven gear rotates in the opposite direction. The resistance of the damping ring is less than the driving force applied to the support rod by the movable block against the inclined block when the passive gear rotates in the forward direction, so that when the passive gear rotates in the forward direction, the movable block pushes the support rod to rotate synchronously, and the cleaning strip cleans the outer wall of the heat exchange tube as the support rod rotates.

[0010] Preferably, the two opposing racks are arranged in a group and opposite to each other, with the tooth surfaces of the two opposing racks facing opposite directions and meshing with the corresponding driven gears respectively, so that the rotation directions of the two driven gears are opposite. The two cleaning seats in the same group extend into the gap between two adjacent heat exchange tubes and correspond to the opposite outer walls of the two heat exchange tubes respectively. The two support rods clean the outer walls of their respective heat exchange tubes. The two passive gears rotate in opposite directions, and the two support rods clean the opposite outer walls of the two heat exchange tubes respectively, so that the cleaning strips of each support rod rotate downwards to clean the outer wall of their respective heat exchange tubes. When the opening and closing plate moves up, the two support rods remain stationary and wipe the outer wall of the heat exchange tubes as the opening and closing plate moves up.

[0011] Preferably, the housing is provided with connecting frames on both sides, and corresponding sliding grooves are provided on both sides of the connecting frames. The opening and closing plate is located inside the corresponding sliding groove and is slidably connected to the housing through the sliding groove. An air inlet hood is also fixed at the top of the housing corresponding to the top plate, and an air outlet hood is fixed at the bottom of the housing.

[0012] Preferably, the slide groove is provided with a clearance groove on the side facing the housing, and a vertically extending movable rack is fixed to the side wall of the opening and closing plate facing the housing. The movable rack passes through the clearance groove and the connecting frame. Motors are fixed to the outer walls of both sides of the air inlet shroud at the positions corresponding to the opening and closing plate. The opening and closing plate is provided with a drive gear that meshes with the adjacent movable rack corresponding to the rotation of the motor. The output shaft of the motor is fixedly connected to the middle of the drive gear. The motor drives the drive gear to rotate and causes the opening and closing plate to move up and down through the slide groove.

[0013] Preferably, the connecting frame is a hollow frame, and vertically extending slides with opposite openings are fixed to the inner walls of both sides of the connecting frame. The opening and closing plate is slidably connected to the corresponding slide. A baffle covering the middle of the connecting frame is fixed to the side of the connecting frame facing the casing. An air inlet is opened in the middle of the baffle. An adjustment port is opened in the middle of the opening and closing plate corresponding to the air inlet. A heat exchange hopper is fixed to the side of the connecting frame away from the casing. The heat exchange hopper is connected to an external pipe. When the opening and closing plate is at the top, the adjustment port and the air inlet are staggered to prevent the airflow in the heat exchange hopper from entering the casing through the air inlet. When the opening and closing plate moves down to make the adjustment port and the air inlet coincide so that the airflow in the heat exchange hopper passes through the casing, the support rod moves down and rotates synchronously to clean the outer wall of the heat exchange tube before air preheating. A connecting flange is fixed to the end of the heat exchange hopper to connect to the external pipe.

[0014] Preferably, the heat exchange tubes are fixed to the same base plate, and both ends of the opposing racks are fixed with fixing plates. The fixing plates at both ends of the opposing racks are respectively fixed to the top plate and the bottom plate to fix the opposing racks. The end of the support rod facing the housing is fixed with a connector. The opposite ends of the two sets of cleaning seats are connected through the connectors at the ends of the support rods to ensure the stability of the position of the ends of the support rods. The motors at both ends of the air inlet shroud rotate synchronously to drive the two sets of corresponding cleaning seats to move synchronously.

[0015] The method of using the cleaning device for the air preheater includes the following steps: a. Start the motor, which drives the drive gear to rotate. The drive gear meshes with the movable rack, causing the opening and closing plate to slide up and down along the slide groove. b. When the opening and closing plate slides downward, the cleaning seat and the support rod move downward synchronously, and the passive gear rotates in the forward direction through the meshing transmission of the opposing rack. The limiting surface of the movable block abuts against the contact surface of the inclined block and pushes the support rod to rotate synchronously. The cleaning strip cleans the outer wall of the heat exchange tube as the support rod rotates. c. When the opening and closing plate slides upward, the passive gear rotates in the opposite direction, and the movable block slides along the pushing surface of the inclined block through the avoidance surface and retracts into the movable cavity. The support rod remains stationary relative to the cleaning seat under the resistance of the damping ring, and the cleaning strip moves up with the opening and closing plate and statically wipes the outer wall of the heat exchange tube. d. When the opening and closing plate slides downwards until the adjustment port coincides with the air inlet, the airflow in the heat exchange bucket enters the machine casing through the air inlet and flows through the cleaned outer wall of the heat exchange tube for air preheating. When the opening and closing plate slides upwards until the adjustment port and the air inlet are staggered, it blocks the airflow in the heat exchange bucket from entering the machine casing.

[0016] The beneficial effects are as follows: 1. This invention meshes a passive gear with an opposing rack fixed to the bottom of the top plate, so that when the opening and closing plate slides up and down, the passive gear rolls along the opposing rack. This converts the up-and-down movement of the opening and closing plate into the rotation of the passive gear, which in turn drives the cleaning strip to rotate around the axis of the support rod. This achieves a composite cleaning action with the lifting and lowering of the opening and closing plate as the single power source, simultaneously driving the up-and-down movement and rotation of the support rod. The cleaning strip moves up and down with the opening and closing plate while rotating with the support rod. The rotational cleaning and axial movement are superimposed, allowing the cleaning strip to sweep across the entire outer wall of the heat exchange tube along the axial direction in a single stroke. This completes the rotational cleaning of the outer wall of the heat exchange tube and expands the coverage area of ​​a single cleaning by moving up and down, avoiding the cleaning blind spots caused by rotation or movement alone, and improving the cleaning efficiency and cleanliness of the outer wall of the heat exchange tube.

[0017] 2. By meshing the passive gear and the opposing rack, the linear motion of the opening and closing plate is converted into the rotational motion of the support rod. There is no need to set up a separate drive motor or additional power source for the support rod, which reduces the number of power components, simplifies the transmission structure, and allows the cleaning device to be compactly arranged in the limited space on both sides of the housing, reducing manufacturing costs and installation difficulty.

[0018] 3. The support rod extends into the casing and passes through the middle section of each heat exchange tube, so that the cleaning strip is set close to the outer wall of each heat exchange tube. With the sliding of the opening and closing plate, the support rod moves synchronously, so that the cleaning strip on the same support rod can cover the outer wall of each heat exchange tube in that row. This realizes the cleaning of the heat exchange tube array row by row, expands the cleaning range of a single unit, and eliminates the need to set up cleaning components for each heat exchange tube individually.

[0019] 4. When the driven gear rotates in the forward direction, the limiting surface of the movable block abuts against the contact surface of the inclined block, ensuring reliable transmission. When it rotates in the reverse direction, the avoidance surface slides along the pushing surface, causing the movable block to retract and automatically disengage. The support rod does not rotate in the reverse direction with the driven gear, thus preventing the cleaning strip from pressing the cleaned ash back onto the outer wall of the heat exchange tube. The cleaning direction is stable and controllable.

[0020] 5. The damping ring and the support rod are in frictional engagement. The resistance is greater than the frictional force applied to the support rod by the friction between the moving block and the inclined block when rotating in the opposite direction. This keeps the support rod stationary relative to the cleaning seat when the opening and closing plate moves upward. The cleaning strip only statically wipes the outer wall of the heat exchange tube with the opening and closing plate. The resistance is also less than the driving force of forward rotation, so it does not hinder the rotational cleaning when moving downward. This forms an alternating combination of downward rotational cleaning and upward static wiping, which improves the cleaning effect.

[0021] 6. The two opposing racks have opposite tooth surfaces, causing the two driven gears to rotate in opposite directions; the two cleaning seats in the same group correspond to the opposite outer walls of the two rows of heat exchange tubes respectively. The two support rods rotating in opposite directions form the same cleaning direction on the opposite outer walls, both rotating downwards from the top of the outer wall of the heat exchange tubes to clean, avoiding the problem of uneven cleaning effect caused by inconsistent cleaning directions on both sides, which leads to the dust being pushed in different directions.

[0022] 7. When the opening and closing plate is at the top, the regulating port and the air inlet are staggered, blocking the airflow in the heat exchange hopper from entering the casing. When the opening and closing plate moves down and the regulating port and the air inlet are aligned, the airflow enters the casing. At this time, the support rod moves down and rotates synchronously with the opening and closing plate, completing the cleaning of the outer wall of the heat exchange tube first. This achieves the action sequence of cleaning before airflow, ensuring that the airflow flows through a clean heat exchange surface, thus guaranteeing the heat exchange efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural breakdown diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural breakdown diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing plate of the present invention; Figure 5 This is the present invention. Figure 4 A magnified structural diagram at point A; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning seat of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a structurally disassembled schematic diagram of the cleaning seat of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driven gear of the present invention; Figure 9 This is the present invention. Figure 8 A magnified structural diagram at point B; Figure 10 This is a structural disassembly diagram of the passive gear of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the active block of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the opposing rack and support rod of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the top plate of the present invention; Figure 14 This is the present invention. Figure 13 A magnified structural diagram at point C; Figure 15 This is a front view of the present invention; Figure 16 This is the present invention. Figure 15 Sectional view at point AA.

[0025] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows: 1. Casing; 101. Exhaust hood; 102. Inlet hood; 103. Motor; 2. Heat exchanger hopper; 201. Connecting flange; 3. Top plate; 301. Heat exchange tube; 302. Opposing rack; 303. Fixing plate; 304. Base plate; 4. Connecting frame; 401. Baffle; 402. Air inlet; 403. Slide rail; 404. Slide groove; 404a. Clearance groove; 5. Opening and closing plate; 501. Movable rack; 502. Drive gear; 5 03. Adjustment port; 6. Cleaning seat; 601. Cleaning strip; 602. Connecting joint; 603. Sliding sleeve; 603a. Movable cavity; 604. Driven gear; 605. Damping ring; 606. Support rod; 607. Inclined block; 607a. Abutting surface; 607b. Pushing surface; 608. Movable block; 608a. Vertical groove; 608b. Clearance surface; 608c. Limiting surface; 609. Spring; 610. Sliding rod; 610a. Locking block. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0027] See Figures 1-16 As shown, the present invention provides a cleaning device for an air preheater, including a housing 1 and a top plate 3. The housing 1 is a vertically through box. The top of the housing 1 is fixedly covered by the top plate 3. The air inlet hood 102 is fixed to the top of the housing 1 and located above the top plate 3. The bottom of the housing 1 is fixedly covered by an air outlet hood 101, which is connected to the internal space of the housing 1. The left and right sides of the housing 1 are respectively fixed with connecting frames 4. The connecting frames 4 are symmetrically arranged on both sides. The connecting frames 4 are hollow frames, and a vertically through sliding channel is formed inside the frame. Each connecting frame 4 is fixed with a heat exchange hopper 2 on the side away from the housing 1. The heat exchange hopper 2 extends outward from the housing 1. The end of the heat exchange hopper 2 is fixed with a connecting flange 201, which is connected to an external pipe. Multiple heat exchange tubes 301 are vertically fixed at the bottom of the top plate 3. The multiple heat exchange tubes 301 are arranged in an array, forming multiple rows along the left and right direction of the casing 1. Each row contains multiple heat exchange tubes 301 arranged sequentially along the front and back direction of the casing 1. There is a gap between two adjacent rows of heat exchange tubes 301. The upper end of the heat exchange tube 301 is connected to the space above the top plate 3, and the lower end opens into the internal space of the casing 1. Boiler flue gas enters the space above the top plate 3 through the air inlet hood 102. After being distributed by the top plate 3, it enters the interior of each heat exchange tube 301, flows downward along the heat exchange tube 301, flows out from the lower end of the heat exchange tube 301 and merges into the interior space of the casing 1, and is finally discharged through the air outlet hood 101. During the flow of flue gas in the heat exchange tube 301, heat is transferred to the medium outside the tube through the wall of the heat exchange tube 301. The air to be preheated enters the heat exchange hopper 2 through the external pipe and connecting flange 201, and enters the interior space of the casing 1 through the connecting frame 4, the air inlet 402 and the regulating port 503 of the opening and closing plate 5. It flows horizontally across the outer wall of each heat exchange tube 301 and exchanges heat with the flue gas in the heat exchange tube 301 through the tube wall. The air after heat exchange is discharged from the heat exchange hopper 2 on the other side, completing the preheating. A baffle 401 is fixed to the side of the connecting frame 4 facing the casing 1. The baffle 401 covers the opening in the middle of the connecting frame 4. An air inlet 402 is provided in the middle of the baffle 401, which connects the internal space of the heat exchange hopper 2 with the internal space of the casing 1. An adjustment port 503 is provided in the middle of the opening and closing plate 5 corresponding to the position of the air inlet 402. When the opening and closing plate 5 is at the top, the adjustment port 503 and the air inlet 402 are staggered, and the airflow channel between the heat exchange hopper 2 and the casing 1 is blocked by the baffle 401. The air in the heat exchange hopper 2 cannot enter the casing 1. When the opening and closing plate 5 slides down, the adjustment port 503 moves down and gradually overlaps with the air inlet 402. The air in the heat exchange hopper 2 enters the internal space of the casing 1 through the air inlet 402 and flows horizontally across the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301 to exchange heat with the flue gas inside the tube.

[0028] Each of the connecting frames 4 on both sides of the housing 1 houses a hinged plate 5. The outer wall of the connecting frame 4 has a groove 404 extending along the sliding direction of the hinged plate 5 to accommodate it. The inner wall of the connecting frame 4 is fixedly provided with a slide rail 403, which extends vertically and has openings on both sides facing each other. The groove 404 and the slide rail 403 are two independent guides, guiding the hinged plate 5 respectively. The hinged plate 5 is simultaneously embedded in both the groove 404 and the slide rail 403, sliding up and down along them. A movable rack 501 is fixed to the side wall of the hinged plate 5 facing the housing 1, extending vertically. The groove 404 of the connecting frame 4 has a clearance groove 404a on the side facing the housing 1 (see details). Figure 5The clearance groove 404a extends vertically through the connecting frame 4. The movable rack 501 passes through the clearance groove 404a and extends out of the connecting frame 4 on the side facing the housing 1. The movable rack 501 slides in the clearance groove 404a when the opening and closing plate 5 moves up and down. The clearance groove 404a provides clearance space for the movement of the movable rack 501. Motors 103 are fixed on the outer walls of both sides of the air inlet shroud 102. The position of the motors 103 corresponds to the position of the opening and closing plates 5 on both sides. The two motors 103 are arranged symmetrically. The opening and closing plate 5 is rotatably provided with a drive gear 502. The drive gear 502 is located on the side of the opening and closing plate 5 facing the housing 1 and meshes with the adjacent movable rack 501. The output shaft of the motor 103 is fixedly connected to the middle of the drive gear 502. The motor 103 drives the drive gear 502 to rotate through the output shaft. When motor 103 starts, the output shaft drives the drive gear 502 to rotate. The drive gear 502 meshes with the movable rack 501, converting the rotational motion of the drive gear 502 into the up-and-down movement of the movable rack 501. The movable rack 501 drives the opening and closing plate 5 to slide up and down along the slide groove 404 and slide rail 403. The two motors 103 rotate synchronously, driving the opening and closing plates 5 on both sides to rise and fall synchronously, so that the opening and closing plates 5 on both sides always maintain a consistent motion state, thereby driving the cleaning mechanism on both sides to move synchronously, ensuring that the cleaning progress of the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301 on both sides is consistent. The stroke of the opening and closing plate 5 sliding up and down is limited by the length of the slide groove 404 and slide rail 403. When the opening and closing plate 5 slides to the top, the adjustment port 503 and the air inlet 402 are staggered, and the airflow channel between the heat exchange bucket 2 and the casing 1 is cut off. When the opening and closing plate 5 slides down, the adjustment port 503 gradually moves down and coincides with the air inlet 402, and the airflow channel is opened.

[0029] The lower ends of all heat exchange tubes 301 are fixed to the same base plate 304. The base plate 304 is located at the bottom of the array of heat exchange tubes 301 and is vertically opposite to the top plate 3. The base plate 304 positions the lower ends of each heat exchange tube 301, keeping each heat exchange tube 301 vertical and maintaining the gap between adjacent rows of heat exchange tubes 301. Multiple sets of opposing racks 302 are fixed to the bottom of the top plate 3. Each set of opposing racks 302 includes two racks, which are arranged opposite each other with their tooth surfaces facing opposite directions. Each rack has a fixing plate 303 fixed to both ends (see details). Figure 12 The upper end of the rack is fixedly connected to the top plate 3, and the lower end of the rack is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 304. The opposing rack 302 is fixed between the top plate 3 and the bottom plate 304 via the upper and lower end fixing plates 303, maintaining vertical extension and located on the side of the heat exchange tube 301 array. A cleaning seat 6 is fixedly provided on the side of the hinge plate 5 facing the housing 1, and the cleaning seat 6 extends into the housing 1. There are at least two cleaning seats 6 on the same hinge plate 5, with two cleaning seats 6 forming a group. The two cleaning seats 6 in the same group are staggered along the sliding direction of the hinge plate 5 and also staggered along the direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the hinge plate 5. That is, the two cleaning seats 6 in the same group are staggered in both the vertical and horizontal directions. The two cleaning seats 6 in the same group extend into the gap between two adjacent rows of heat exchange tubes 301. The two cleaning seats 6 correspond to the opposite outer walls of two adjacent heat exchange tubes 301 in these two rows of heat exchange tubes 301, with the cleaning seat 6 on one side corresponding to the right-facing outer wall of the left heat exchange tube 301. The cleaning seat 6 on the other side corresponds to the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301 on the right side facing left. The two cleaning seats 6 are staggered in the left and right direction, so that each cleaning seat 6 is only responsible for half of the outer wall of its corresponding heat exchange tube 301. The two cleaning seats 6 are staggered in the up and down direction, so that the two cleaning seats 6 and the transmission components on them avoid each other in the compact space inside the casing 1 to avoid interference. Multiple sets of cleaning seats 6 on the same opening and closing plate 5 are arranged sequentially along the column direction of the heat exchange tube 301 array. Each set of cleaning seats 6 corresponds to two adjacent columns of heat exchange tubes 301. Each set of cleaning seats 6 is arranged along the left and right direction of the casing 1, and together they cover the entire heat exchange tube 301 array. In each set of cleaning seats 6, two cleaning seats 6 are rotatably equipped with support rods 606 at their opposite ends. The support rods 606 extend from the ends of the cleaning seats 6 into the housing 1 and pass through the gaps between the multiple heat exchange tubes 301 in the row along the extension direction of the heat exchange tubes 301. That is, the support rods 606 extend along the front-back direction of the housing 1, passing from one end of the heat exchange tubes 301 in the row to the other end, passing through the middle section of each heat exchange tube 301 in the row. Multiple cleaning strips 601 are fixed on the outer circumference of the support rods 606. The cleaning strips 601 extend outward along the radial direction of the support rods 606. Arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the support rod 606 and distributed circumferentially along the support rod 606, the outer end of the cleaning strip 601 is close to the outer wall of the corresponding heat exchange tube 301. A driven gear 604 is fixedly provided in the middle section of the support rod 606. The driven gear 604 is located in the section of the support rod 606 that passes through the array of heat exchange tubes 301 and meshes with the rack in the corresponding set of opposing racks 302. The two driven gears 604 in the same set mesh with the two opposing racks 302 respectively. The two opposing racks 302 are arranged opposite each other and the tooth surfaces face opposite directions, so that the rotation directions of the two driven gears 604 are opposite. A connector 602 is fixedly provided at the end of the support rod 606 facing the housing 1. The connectors 602 of the two support rods 606 in the same group are respectively connected to the opposite ends of the two sets of cleaning seats 6. The connectors 602 support and position the end of the support rod 606 to ensure the stability of the end of the support rod 606 and keep the axial position of the support rod 606 unchanged during rotation. When the opening and closing plate 5 slides downward, the cleaning seat 6 and the support rod 606 move downward synchronously with the opening and closing plate 5. The driven gear 604 meshes and rolls along the opposing rack 302, converting the up and down movement of the opening and closing plate 5 into the rotation of the driven gear 604. The driven gear 604 drives the support rod 606 to rotate, and the support rod 606 drives the cleaning strip 601 to rotate around the axis of the support rod 606. The cleaning strip 601 moves downward with the opening and closing plate 5 while rotating with the support rod 606, and rotates to clean the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301. The sweeping, rotating, and downward movement superimposed work together to make the cleaning strip 601 sweep across the entire outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301 along the axial direction, expanding the coverage of a single sweep. The driven gears 604 of the two support rods 606 in the same group rotate in opposite directions, and the two support rods 606 correspond to the opposite outer walls of the two rows of heat exchange tubes 301. The two support rods 606 with opposite rotation directions form the same sweeping direction on the outer wall of their respective heat exchange tubes 301. That is, the cleaning strips 601 on the two support rods 606 rotate and sweep from the top to the bottom of the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301, so that the sweeping direction of the heat exchange tubes 301 on both sides remains the same. When the opening and closing plate 5 slides upward, the support rods 606 do not rotate with the driven gears 604. The cleaning strips 601 remain stationary and move upward with the opening and closing plate 5, cleaning the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301 again by static wiping.

[0030] A sliding sleeve 603 is provided between the driven gear 604 and the support rod 606. The sliding sleeve 603 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the support rod 606, and the driven gear 604 is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the sliding sleeve 603. The driven gear 604 achieves unidirectional transmission with the support rod 606 through the sliding sleeve 603. The sliding sleeve 603 has a movable cavity 603a inside (see details). Figure 9The movable cavity 603a is radially connected to the sliding sleeve 603. A movable block 608 is slidably disposed within the movable cavity 603a. The movable block 608 can reciprocate within the movable cavity 603a radially. An inclined block 607 is fixedly disposed on the outer wall of the support rod 606. The inclined block 607 is positioned corresponding to the movable block 608. The side of the inclined block 607 facing the movable block 608 has an abutment surface 607a and a pushing surface 607b, wherein the abutment surface 607a is perpendicular to the axis of the support rod 606. The plane of the support rod 606 has a pushing surface 607b that is inclined to the axis of the support rod 606. The pushing surface 607b is located on the side of the contact surface 607a that is away from the rotation direction of the driven gear 604. The movable block 608 is provided with a limiting surface 608c and a clearance surface 608b on the side facing the inclined block 607. The limiting surface 608c is adapted to the contact surface 607a and is a plane perpendicular to the axis of the support rod 606. The clearance surface 608b is adapted to the pushing surface 607b and is an inclined surface with the same inclination direction as the pushing surface 607b. When the opening and closing plate 5 slides downward and the driven gear 604 rotates in the forward direction, the sliding sleeve 603 rotates with the driven gear 604, and the movable block 608 rotates together with the sliding sleeve 603. When the movable block 608 rotates to the position of the inclined block 607, the limiting surface 608c of the movable block 608 abuts against the contact surface 607a of the inclined block 607. The contact surface 607a is a plane perpendicular to the axis of the support rod 606. A rigid contact is formed between the limiting surface 608c and the contact surface 607a. The movable block 608 pushes the inclined block 607 through the contact between the limiting surface 608c and the contact surface 607a. The inclined block 607 drives the support rod 606 to rotate synchronously. The support rod 606 then drives the cleaning strip 601 to rotate and clean the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301. During this process, the movable block 608 and the inclined block 607 are in contact transmission. When the opening and closing plate 5 slides upward and the driven gear 604 rotates in the opposite direction, the sliding sleeve 603 rotates in the opposite direction. When the movable block 608 rotates in the opposite direction to the position of the inclined block 607, the clearance surface 608b of the movable block 608 first contacts the pushing surface 607b of the inclined block 607. Since the pushing surface 607b is an inclined surface inclined to the axis of the support rod 606, and the clearance surface 608b is an inclined surface with the same inclination direction as the pushing surface 607b, during the reverse rotation of the movable block 608, the clearance surface 608b slides along the pushing surface 607b. The force exerted by the pushing surface 607b on the clearance surface 608b is decomposed into a radially inward component along the movable cavity 603a, pressing the movable block 608 back into the movable cavity 603a. The movable block 608 retracts. Inside cavity 603a, after the clearance surface 608b slides past the pushing surface 607b, the movable block 608 disengages from the inclined block 607. The inclined block 607 is no longer pushed by the movable block 608. The support rod 606 remains stationary relative to the driven gear 604 and does not rotate in the opposite direction with the driven gear 604. After the movable block 608 disengages from the inclined block 607, during the subsequent reverse rotation, each time the movable block 608 rotates to the position of the inclined block 607, it slides past the clearance surface 608b along the pushing surface 607b and retracts, maintaining a disengaged state from the inclined block 607. This achieves unidirectional transmission between the driven gear 604 and the support rod 606. When the driven gear 604 rotates in the forward direction, it drives the support rod 606 to rotate. When it rotates in the reverse direction, the support rod 606 remains stationary. A spring 609 is provided inside the movable cavity 603a. The spring 609 is located between the cavity wall of the movable cavity 603a and the movable block 608. One end of the spring 609 abuts against the cavity wall of the movable cavity 603a, and the other end abuts against the movable block 608. The spring 609 always applies an elastic force to the movable block 608, causing it to extend towards the outer wall of the support rod 606. This ensures that when the driven gear 604 rotates in the forward direction, the limiting surface 608c of the movable block 608 can reliably abut against the abutting surface 607a of the inclined block 607. The movable block 608 can also automatically return to its original position after being pressed back into the movable cavity 603a. A vertical groove 608a is provided in the middle of the movable block 608, and the vertical groove 608a extends along the sliding direction of the movable block 608. A sliding rod 610 is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the movable cavity 603a of the sliding sleeve 603 (see details). Figure 11The slide rod 610 passes through the vertical groove 608a of the movable block 608. The slide rod 610 cooperates with the groove wall of the vertical groove 608a to guide the sliding of the movable block 608 and restrict the movable block 608 to slide only radially along the movable cavity 603a. This prevents the movable block 608 from swaying or flipping in the movable cavity 603a and ensures that the limiting surface 608c and the clearance surface 608b of the movable block 608 always face the inclined block 607. The end of the slide rod 610 is fixedly provided with a locking block 610a. The diameter of the locking block 610a is larger than the width of the opening of the vertical groove 608a. The locking block 610a abuts against the end groove of the vertical groove 608a and limits the maximum stroke of the movable block 608 extending out of the movable cavity 603a, preventing the movable block 608 from coming out of the movable cavity 603a under the elastic force of the spring 609. A damping ring 605 is provided between the support rod 606 and the cleaning seat 6. The damping ring 605 is sleeved on the outer circumference of the support rod 606. The damping ring 605 only frictionally engages with the outer circumferential surface of the support rod 606 and is not fixedly connected to the support rod 606. The damping ring 605 provides frictional resistance to the rotation of the support rod 606 relative to the cleaning seat 6. This frictional resistance acts on the support rod 606, causing the support rod 606 to tend to remain stationary relative to the cleaning seat 6. The frictional resistance of the damping ring 605 is less than the driving force applied to the support rod 606 by the driven gear 604 when it rotates in the forward direction, which is abutted against the inclined block 607 by the movable block 608. Therefore, when the driven gear 604 rotates in the forward direction, the frictional resistance of the damping ring 605 is insufficient to prevent the support rod 606 from rotating. The movable block 608 abuts against the contact surface 608c. The surface 607a pushes the support rod 606 to rotate synchronously. The cleaning strip 601 rotates with the support rod 606 to clean the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301. The frictional resistance of the damping ring 605 is greater than the frictional force applied to the support rod 606 by the contact friction between the moving block 608 and the inclined block 607 when the driven gear 604 rotates in the opposite direction. Therefore, when the driven gear 604 rotates in the opposite direction, the support rod 606 remains stationary relative to the cleaning seat 6 under the action of the frictional resistance of the damping ring 605. The support rod 606 does not rotate with the driven gear 604. The moving block 608 can slide stably along the pushing surface 607b through the avoidance surface 608b and retract into the moving cavity 603a, disengaging from the inclined block 607. The cleaning strip 601 remains stationary and moves upward with the opening and closing plate 5 to clean the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301 by static wiping.

[0031] In the initial state, the opening and closing plate 5 is at the top, the adjusting port 503 and the air inlet 402 are staggered, the baffle 401 blocks the airflow channel between the heat exchange hopper 2 and the casing 1, and the air in the heat exchange hopper 2 cannot enter the casing 1. The cleaning seats 6 on the opening and closing plates 5 on both sides extend into the gap between the two adjacent rows of heat exchange tubes 301, and the cleaning strips 601 are close to the outer wall of the corresponding heat exchange tube 301. The cleaning cycle begins, the two motors 103 start synchronously, and the output shaft drives The driving gear 502 rotates, meshing with the movable rack 501 to drive the two side opening plates 5 to slide downwards synchronously along the slide groove 404 and slide rail 403. When the opening plates 5 move downwards, the cleaning seat 6 and the support rod 606 move downwards synchronously with the opening plates 5. The driven gear 604 meshes with the opposing rack 302 and rolls and rotates in the forward direction. The driven gear 604 drives the movable block 608 to rotate via the sliding sleeve 603. The limiting surface 608c of the movable block 608 abuts against the inclined block 6. The contact surface 607a of 07 forms a contact and pushes the inclined block 607. The inclined block 607 drives the support rod 606 to rotate synchronously. The support rod 606 drives the cleaning strip 601 to rotate around the axis of the support rod 606. While rotating with the support rod 606, the cleaning strip 601 moves downward with the opening and closing plate 5 to rotate and clean the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301. The rotation and downward movement superimpose to make the cleaning strip 601 sweep across the entire outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301 along the axial direction of the heat exchange tube 301. The two support rods in the same group Because the opposing racks 302 are arranged oppositely, the racks 606 rotate in opposite directions. Since they correspond to the opposite outer walls of the two rows of heat exchange tubes 301, the cleaning strips 601 on the two support rods 606 rotate downwards to clean the outer walls of their respective heat exchange tubes 301. The cleaning direction is consistent. During the downward movement, the frictional resistance of the damping ring 605 is less than the driving force applied to the support rod 606 by the movable block 608 through the limiting surface 608c and the abutment surface 607a, so it does not hinder the rotation of the support rod 606. As the opening and closing plate 5 moves downward, the regulating port 503 moves downward synchronously with the opening and closing plate 5. The regulating port 503 gradually overlaps with the air inlet 402. When the opening and closing plate 5 moves downward to the point where the regulating port 503 overlaps with the air inlet 402, the airflow channel between the heat exchange hopper 2 and the internal space of the casing 1 is opened. The air to be preheated enters the heat exchange hopper 2 through the external pipe and connecting flange 201, and enters the internal space of the casing 1 through the air inlet 402 and the regulating port 503. It flows laterally across the outer wall of each heat exchange tube 301 and exchanges heat with the boiler flue gas flowing from top to bottom in the heat exchange tube 301 through the tube wall to complete the air preheating. Since the cleaning strip 601 has completed the rotation and cleaning of the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301 before the opening and closing plate 5 moves downward, the heat exchange surface is in a clean state when the air flows through the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301, and the heat exchange efficiency is guaranteed. After the opening and closing plate 5 moves downward to the lower end of the stroke, the motor 103 reverses. When motor 103 reverses, the driving gear 502 rotates in the opposite direction, driving the opening and closing plate 5 to slide upward via the movable rack 501. When the opening and closing plate 5 moves upward, the driven gear 604 rotates in the opposite direction along the opposing rack 302, the sliding sleeve 603 rotates in the opposite direction, and drives the movable block 608 to rotate in the opposite direction. When the movable block 608 rotates to the position of the inclined block 607, the clearance surface 608b first contacts the pushing surface 607b of the inclined block 607. Because the pushing surface 607b is an inclined surface inclined to the axis of the support rod 606, the clearance surface... 608b slides along the pushing surface 607b, the movable block 608 is pressed back into the movable cavity 603a and disengaged from the inclined block 607. The inclined block 607 is no longer pushed by the movable block 608. At this time, the support rod 606 is only subjected to the frictional resistance of the damping ring 605. This resistance is greater than the frictional force applied to the support rod 606 by the contact friction between the movable block 608 and the inclined block 607. Under the resistance of the damping ring 605, the support rod 606 remains stationary relative to the cleaning seat 6 and does not rotate in the opposite direction with the driven gear 604. The cleaning strip 601 remains stationary and moves upward with the opening and closing plate 5, cleaning the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301 again by static wiping, wiping away the accumulated dust that could not be completely removed during the rotary cleaning. This forms an alternating combination of two cleaning actions with the rotary cleaning during the downward movement, improving the cleaning effect. As the opening and closing plate 5 moves upward, the adjusting port 503 moves upward with the opening and closing plate 5 and gradually offsets from the air inlet 402, and the airflow channel gradually narrows. When the opening and closing plate 5 returns to the top, the adjusting port 503 and the air inlet 402 are offset again, the baffle 401 re-blocks the airflow channel, the air in the heat exchange hopper 2 stops entering the casing 1, the device returns to the initial state, and one cleaning cycle is completed. After that, the motor 103 rotates forward again, the opening and closing plate 5 moves down again, and enters the next cleaning cycle. This process is repeated. Each time the opening and closing plate 5 rises and falls, it completes one cleaning of the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301 and one control of the airflow. Multiple sets of cleaning seats 6 on the same opening and closing plate 5 are arranged sequentially along the column direction of the heat exchange tube 301 array. Each set of cleaning seats 6 moves synchronously when the opening and closing plate 5 is raised and lowered. Each support rod 606 is kept stable at its end position through the butt joint 602. Each set of cleaning strips 601 cleans the opposite outer wall of the two columns of heat exchange tubes 301 respectively, and together they cover the entire heat exchange tube 301 array. The two opening and closing plates 5 are synchronously driven by the two motors 103, and their movements are always consistent, so that the cleaning progress of the outer wall of the heat exchange tubes 301 on both sides of the casing 1 is the same. The device uses the raising and lowering of the opening and closing plate 5 as the power source to simultaneously complete the rotation cleaning, static wiping and air flow cut-off control of the outer wall of the heat exchange tubes 301.

[0032] The method for using the air preheater cleaning device includes the following steps: a. Start the motor 103. The motor 103 drives the drive gear 502 to rotate. The drive gear 502 meshes with the movable rack 501, which drives the opening and closing plate 5 to slide up and down along the slide groove 404. b. When the opening and closing plate 5 slides downward, the cleaning seat 6 and the support rod 606 move downward simultaneously, and the driven gear 604 rotates in the forward direction through the meshing transmission of the opposing rack 302. The limiting surface 608c of the movable block 608 abuts against the contact surface 607a of the inclined block 607 and pushes the support rod 606 to rotate synchronously. The cleaning strip 601 rotates with the support rod 606 to clean the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301. c. When the opening and closing plate 5 slides upward, the passive gear 604 rotates in the opposite direction, and the movable block 608 slides along the pushing surface 607b of the inclined block 607 via the avoidance surface 608b and retracts into the movable cavity 603a. The support rod 606 remains stationary relative to the cleaning seat 6 under the resistance of the damping ring 605, and the cleaning strip 601 moves upward with the opening and closing plate 5 and statically wipes the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301. d. When the opening and closing plate 5 slides down to the point where the adjustment port 503 overlaps with the air inlet 402, the airflow in the heat exchange bucket 2 enters the interior of the casing 1 through the air inlet 402 and flows through the outer wall of the cleaned heat exchange tube 301 for air preheating. When the opening and closing plate 5 slides up to the point where the adjustment port 503 and the air inlet 402 are staggered, it blocks the airflow in the heat exchange bucket 2 from entering the interior of the casing 1. By engaging the passive gear 604 with the opposing rack 302 fixed to the bottom of the top plate 3, the passive gear 604 rotates along the opposing rack 302 when the opening and closing plate 5 slides up and down. This converts the up and down movement of the opening and closing plate 5 into the rotation of the passive gear 604, which in turn drives the cleaning strip 601 to rotate around the axis of the support rod 606 via the support rod 606. This achieves a composite cleaning action where the lifting and lowering of the opening and closing plate 5 is the sole power source, simultaneously driving the support rod 606 to move up and down and rotate. The cleaning strip 601 moves up and down with the opening and closing plate 5 while rotating with the support rod 606. The rotational cleaning and axial movement are superimposed, allowing the cleaning strip 601 to sweep across the entire outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301 along the axial direction within a single stroke. This completes the rotational cleaning of the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301 and expands the coverage area of ​​a single cleaning by moving up and down, avoiding blind spots caused by rotation or movement alone. This improves the cleaning efficiency and comprehensiveness of the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301. Through the meshing transmission between the passive gear 604 and the opposing rack 302, the linear motion of the opening and closing plate 5 is converted into the rotational motion of the support rod 606. There is no need to set up a separate drive motor 103 or an additional power source for the support rod 606, which reduces the number of power components, simplifies the transmission structure, and allows the cleaning device to be compactly arranged in the limited space on both sides of the housing 1, reducing manufacturing costs and installation difficulty. The support rod 606 extends into the housing 1 and passes through the middle section of each heat exchange tube 301, so that the cleaning strip 601 is set close to the outer wall of each heat exchange tube 301. With the cooperation of the opening and closing plate 5 sliding up and down, the support rod 606 moves synchronously, so that the cleaning strip 601 on the same support rod 606 can cover the outer wall of each heat exchange tube 301 in that row. This realizes the cleaning of the heat exchange tube 301 array row by row, expands the cleaning range of a single device, and eliminates the need to set up a separate cleaning component for each heat exchange tube 301. When the passive gear 604 rotates in the forward direction, the limiting surface 608c of the movable block 608 abuts against the contact surface 607a of the inclined block 607, ensuring reliable transmission. When it rotates in the reverse direction, the clearance surface 608b slides along the pushing surface 607b, causing the movable block 608 to retract and automatically disengage. The support rod 606 does not rotate in the reverse direction with the passive gear 604, thus preventing the cleaning strip 601 from pressing the cleaned ash back against the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301. The cleaning direction is stable and controllable. The damping ring 605 is in frictional engagement with the support rod 606. Its resistance is greater than the frictional force applied to the support rod 606 by the friction between the moving block 608 and the inclined block 607 when rotating in the opposite direction. This keeps the support rod 606 stationary relative to the cleaning seat 6 when the opening and closing plate 5 moves upward. The cleaning strip 601 only statically wipes the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301 with the opening and closing plate 5. The resistance is also less than the driving force of the forward rotation, so it does not hinder the rotational cleaning when moving downward. This forms an alternating combination of two cleaning actions: downward rotational cleaning and upward static wiping, which improves the cleaning effect. The two opposing racks 302 have their tooth surfaces facing opposite directions, causing the two driven gears 604 to rotate in opposite directions. The two cleaning seats 6 in the same group correspond to the opposite outer walls of the two rows of heat exchange tubes 301. The two support rods 606 with opposite directions form the same cleaning direction on the opposite outer walls, and both rotate downward from above the outer wall of the heat exchange tubes 301 to clean. This avoids the problem of uneven cleaning effect caused by the inconsistent cleaning directions on both sides, which pushes the accumulated dust in different directions. When the opening and closing plate 5 is at the top, the regulating port 503 and the air inlet 402 are staggered, blocking the airflow in the heat exchange hopper 2 from entering the casing 1. When the opening and closing plate 5 moves down so that the regulating port 503 and the air inlet 402 overlap, the airflow enters the casing 1. At this time, the support rod 606 has moved down and rotated synchronously with the opening and closing plate 5, and has completed the cleaning of the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 301 in advance. This achieves the action sequence of cleaning before airflow, ensuring that the airflow flows through a clean heat exchange surface, and thus ensuring the heat exchange efficiency.

[0033] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A cleaning device for an air preheater, comprising a casing (1) and a top plate (3), wherein the top plate (3) is fixedly disposed on the top of the casing (1), and a plurality of heat exchange tubes (301) are provided at the bottom of the top plate (3) to form the main body of the air preheater, characterized in that: The housing (1) has sliding opening and closing plates (5) on both sides, and at least two cleaning seats (6) are provided on opposite sides of the two opening and closing plates (5). Two cleaning seats (6) on the same side form a group. Two sets of cleaning seats (6) facing each other are rotatably provided with support rods (606). The support rods (606) extend into the housing (1) and pass through the middle section of each heat exchange tube (301). Multiple cleaning strips (601) are provided on the outer circumference of the support rods (606). The rotation of the support rods (606) can cause the cleaning strips (601) to rotate and clean the outer wall of the heat exchange tube (301). The support rod (606) is provided with a driven gear (604) in the middle section, and the bottom of the top plate (3) is provided with multiple opposing racks (302). The opposing racks (302) mesh with the corresponding driven gears (604). The opening and closing plate (5) slides to make the cleaning seat (6) and the support rod (606) move synchronously, and drive the driven gears (604) to rotate through the meshing transmission of the opposing racks (302), so that the support rod (606) rotates to clean the outer wall of the heat exchange tube (301) while moving up and down to expand the cleaning range.

2. The cleaning device for an air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sliding sleeve (603) is provided between the driven gear (604) and the corresponding support rod (606). The driven gear (604) is driven by the support rod (606) through the sliding sleeve (603) in a one-way meshing. A movable cavity (603a) is provided inside the sliding sleeve (603). A movable block (608) is slidably provided in the movable cavity (603a). An inclined block (607) adapted to the movable block (608) is fixed on the outer wall of the support rod (606). One side of the inclined block (607) is an abutment surface (607a) perpendicular to the axis of the support rod (606). One side of the movable block (608) is provided with a limiting surface (608c) adapted to the abutment surface (607a). The driven gear (604) rotates, causing the limiting surface (608c) to abut against the abutment surface (607a) to push the support rod (606) to rotate synchronously. The side of the inclined block (607) away from the abutment surface (607a) is provided with a pushing surface (607b) inclined to the axis of the support rod (606). The movable block (608) has a clearance surface (608b) on the side facing the inclined block (607) that is adapted to the pushing surface (607b). When the driven gear (604) rotates in the opposite direction, the movable block (608) slides along the pushing surface (607b) through the clearance surface (608b) and retracts into the movable cavity (603a), disengaging from the inclined block (607) so that the support rod (606) remains stationary relative to the driven gear (604), thereby realizing the one-way transmission engagement between the driven gear (604) and the support rod (606).

3. The cleaning device for an air preheater according to claim 2, characterized in that: A spring (609) is provided inside the movable cavity (603a). The spring (609) abuts against the wall of the movable cavity (603a) and the movable block (608), so that the movable block (608) always tends to extend towards the outer wall of the support rod (606). A vertical groove (608a) is provided in the middle of the movable block (608). A sliding rod (610) is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the movable cavity (603a) of the sliding sleeve (603). The sliding rod (610) passes through the vertical groove (608a) and restricts the movable block (608) to slide only along the radial direction of the movable cavity (603a). A locking block (610a) with a diameter larger than the opening diameter of the vertical groove (608a) is provided at the end of the sliding rod (610) to limit the maximum stroke of the movable block (608) extending out of the movable cavity (603a) and prevent the movable block (608) from falling out of the movable cavity (603a).

4. The cleaning device for an air preheater according to claim 3, characterized in that: A damping ring (605) is provided between the support rod (606) and the cleaning seat (6). The damping ring (605) is sleeved on the outer circumference of the support rod (606) to provide resistance to the rotation of the support rod (606) relative to the cleaning seat (6). When the driven gear (604) moves upward and rotates in the opposite direction, the support rod (606) remains stationary relative to the cleaning seat (6) under the resistance of the damping ring (605) and wipes the outer wall of the heat exchange tube (301) as the opening and closing plate (5) moves upward. The resistance of the damping ring (605) is greater than the friction force applied to the support rod (606) by the contact friction between the moving block (608) and the inclined block (607) when the driven gear (604) rotates in the opposite direction. The resistance of the damping ring (605) is less than the driving force applied to the support rod (606) by the moving block (608) against the inclined block (607) when the passive gear (604) rotates in the forward direction, so that when the passive gear (604) rotates in the forward direction, the moving block (608) pushes the support rod (606) to rotate synchronously, and the cleaning strip (601) rotates with the support rod (606) to clean the outer wall of the heat exchange tube (301).

5. The cleaning device for an air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opposing racks (302) are arranged in pairs and opposite to each other. The tooth surfaces of the two opposing racks (302) face opposite directions and mesh with the corresponding driven gears (604) respectively, so that the rotation directions of the two driven gears (604) are opposite. The two cleaning seats (6) in the same group extend into the gap between two adjacent heat exchange tubes (301) respectively, and correspond to the opposite outer walls of the two heat exchange tubes (301) respectively. The two support rods (606) clean the outer walls of their respective heat exchange tubes (301) respectively. The two passive gears (604) rotate in opposite directions, and the two support rods (606) clean the opposite outer walls of the two heat exchange tubes (301) respectively, so that the cleaning strips (601) of each support rod (606) rotate downwards to clean the outer wall of their respective heat exchange tubes (301), and when the opening and closing plate (5) moves upwards, the two support rods (606) remain stationary and wipe the outer wall of the heat exchange tubes (301) as the opening and closing plate (5) moves upwards.

6. The cleaning device for an air preheater according to claim 5, characterized in that: The housing (1) is provided with connecting frames (4) on both sides. The connecting frames (4) are provided with corresponding sliding grooves (404) on both sides. The opening and closing plate (5) is located inside the corresponding sliding groove (404) and is slidably connected to the housing (1) through the sliding groove (404). The top of the housing (1) is also fixed with an air inlet hood (102) at the position corresponding to the top plate (3). The bottom of the housing (1) is fixed with an air outlet hood (101).

7. The cleaning device for an air preheater according to claim 6, characterized in that: The slide groove (404) is provided with a clearance groove (404a) on the side facing the housing (1). The opening and closing plate (5) is fixed with a vertically extending movable rack (501) on the side wall facing the housing (1). The movable rack (501) passes through the connecting frame (4) through the clearance groove (404a). The outer walls of the air inlet cover (102) on both sides are fixed with motors (103) at the positions corresponding to the opening and closing plate (5). The opening and closing plate (5) is provided with a drive gear (502) that meshes with the adjacent movable rack (501) for rotation corresponding to the motor (103). The output shaft of the motor (103) is fixedly connected to the middle of the drive gear (502). The motor (103) drives the drive gear (502) to rotate and causes the opening and closing plate (5) to move up and down through the slide groove (404).

8. The cleaning device for an air preheater according to claim 6, characterized in that: The connecting frame (4) is a hollow frame. Vertically extending slides (403) with opposite openings are fixed on the inner walls of both sides of the connecting frame (4). The opening and closing plate (5) is slidably connected to the corresponding slide (403). A baffle (401) covering the middle of the connecting frame (4) is fixed on the side of the connecting frame (4) facing the housing (1). An air inlet (402) is opened in the middle of the baffle (401). An adjustment port (503) is opened in the middle of the opening and closing plate (5) corresponding to the air inlet (402). A heat exchange hopper (2) is fixed on the side of the connecting frame (4) away from the housing (1). (2) When the opening and closing plate (5) is at the top, the adjustment port (503) and the air inlet (402) are staggered to block the airflow in the heat exchange bucket (2) from entering the machine casing (1) through the air inlet (402). When the opening and closing plate (5) moves down to make the adjustment port (503) and the air inlet (402) overlap so that when the airflow in the heat exchange bucket (2) passes through the machine casing (1), the support rod (606) moves down and rotates synchronously to clean the outer wall of the heat exchange tube (301) before air preheating. The ends of the heat exchange bucket (2) are all fixed with connecting flanges (201) to connect to the external pipe.

9. The cleaning device for an air preheater according to claim 7, characterized in that: The heat exchange tube (301) is fixed with the same base plate (304) at the bottom. The opposing rack (302) is fixed with fixing plates (303) at both ends. The fixing plates (303) at both ends of the opposing rack (302) are fixed to the top plate (3) and the bottom plate (304) respectively to fix the opposing rack (302). The end of the support rod (606) facing the housing (1) is fixed with a connector (602). The opposite ends of the two sets of cleaning seats (6) are connected through the connector (602) at the end of the support rod (606) to ensure the stability of the position of the end of the support rod (606). The motors (103) at both ends of the air inlet shroud (102) rotate synchronously to drive the two sets of corresponding cleaning seats (6) to move synchronously.

10. A method of using the cleaning device for the air preheater according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: a. Start the motor (103), the motor (103) drives the drive gear (502) to rotate, the drive gear (502) meshes with the movable rack (501) to drive the opening and closing plate (5) to slide up and down along the slide groove (404); b. When the opening and closing plate (5) slides downward, the cleaning seat (6) and the support rod (606) move downward synchronously, and the passive gear (604) rotates in the forward direction through the meshing transmission of the opposing rack (302). The limiting surface (608c) of the movable block (608) abuts against the contact surface (607a) of the inclined block (607) and pushes the support rod (606) to rotate synchronously. The cleaning strip (601) rotates with the support rod (606) to clean the outer wall of the heat exchange tube (301). c. When the opening and closing plate (5) slides upward, the passive gear (604) rotates in the opposite direction, and the movable block (608) slides along the pushing surface (607b) of the inclined block (607) via the avoidance surface (608b) and retracts into the movable cavity (603a). The support rod (606) remains stationary relative to the cleaning seat (6) under the resistance of the damping ring (605). The cleaning strip (601) moves upward with the opening and closing plate (5) and statically wipes the outer wall of the heat exchange tube (301). d. When the opening and closing plate (5) slides down to the point where the adjustment port (503) overlaps with the air inlet (402), the airflow in the heat exchange bucket (2) enters the interior of the casing (1) through the air inlet (402) and flows through the cleaned outer wall of the heat exchange tube (301) for air preheating. When the opening and closing plate (5) slides up to the point where the adjustment port (503) and the air inlet (402) are staggered, it blocks the airflow in the heat exchange bucket (2) from entering the interior of the casing (1).

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