A blasting construction method suitable for high temperature zone

Abstract

The application discloses a blasting construction method suitable for a high-temperature area, which comprises the following steps of: sending electronic detonators integrated with temperature sensors into blast holes in advance of explosives, and networking; reading temperature at intervals before charging to calculate the temperature rising rate of each hole; determining a safety time window according to the current temperature and the temperature rising rate; arranging the charging sequence according to the size of the window, and charging after the high-temperature hole; continuously reporting the temperature of the detonator during the charging, and dynamically updating the temperature rising rate by the controller; after the charging is completed, predicting the detonation temperature of each hole according to the current temperature, the updated rate and the delay time, exchanging the delay time of the over-limit hole with that of the low-temperature hole in the same row, and detonating the high-temperature hole in advance; rechecking and calculating the actual evacuation time before detonation, and issuing a command after all requirements are met. The method dynamically matches the thermal exposure time of the explosives with the actual thermal conditions of each hole, and reduces the blasting risk in the high-temperature area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of blasting control technology for foundation pit excavation, specifically a blasting construction method applicable to high-temperature zones. Background Technology

[0002] High-temperature blasting is widely used in engineering scenarios such as foundation pit excavation in geothermal anomaly areas, bench blasting in open-pit mines adjacent to underground fire zones, and high-temperature rock mass foundation treatment. The temperature of the rock wall at the bottom of the blast hole is typically much higher than that of ambient temperature. Under high temperatures, the thermal stability of explosives and detonating devices is significantly reduced. If the explosive fails to detonate within a limited time after loading, there is a risk of spontaneous combustion, premature detonation, or even a safety accident. Therefore, blasting operations in high-temperature zones place much higher demands on the control of construction sequence than blasting at ambient temperature.

[0003] Current construction practices mainly follow the "Blasting Safety Regulations" and other standards, requiring the measurement of hole temperature and understanding of its variation patterns before loading explosives. Explosives are loaded in sequence from low-temperature holes to high-temperature holes, and the interval between loading explosives at a hole temperature of 60-80℃ and detonation should not exceed one hour. In actual projects, thermocouples or infrared thermometers are often used for static temperature measurement, supplemented by water injection for cooling and heat-insulating packaging. While digital electronic detonators are used, their delay parameters are fixed after programming.

[0004] However, existing technologies have significant shortcomings: pre-loading temperature measurements are mostly single or limited, failing to obtain the heating rate of each borehole, which varies significantly due to factors such as rock thermal conductivity, water content, and distance from the heat source; the loading sequence lacks quantitative basis, relying solely on absolute temperature values; continuous monitoring and dynamic early warning of borehole temperature are lacking after loading; and the delay time does not consider the safety constraints of borehole temperature at the time of detonation. Therefore, a method is urgently needed to convert real-time dynamic temperature information into construction control commands to achieve quantitative arrangement of the loading sequence, risk warning during the loading process, and adjustment of thermal safety constraints for delay parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a blasting construction method suitable for high-temperature zones, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] According to one aspect of this application, a blasting construction method suitable for high-temperature zones is provided, comprising the following steps: After assembling the electronic detonator with integrated temperature sensor and the detonating charge, it is fed into the bottom of each borehole before the industrial explosive is loaded. It is then networked with the detonation controller via the detonation busbar. After each electronic detonator is in place and before the industrial explosive is loaded, the detonation controller reads the temperature of each electronic detonator at intervals and calculates the heating rate of each borehole based on at least two temperature readings. The safe time window is calculated based on the temperature and heating rate of each borehole. The safe time window is the remaining time for the borehole temperature to reach the explosive's temperature resistance limit at the heating rate. The order of charging is determined according to the safe time window from largest to smallest. Industrial explosives and plugging materials are loaded into each hole in the order described. During the loading process, each electronic detonator continuously reports its temperature, and the detonation controller updates the heating rate of each borehole accordingly. After the explosive charge is loaded, the detonation controller calculates the predicted temperature for the detonation of each borehole based on the current temperature of each borehole, the updated heating rate, and the delay time. For boreholes whose predicted temperature exceeds the temperature resistance limit, the delay time is exchanged with another borehole in the same row whose current temperature is lower. Before detonation, the detonation controller rereads the temperature of each borehole and verifies the predicted temperature. Once the predicted temperature of all boreholes is lower than the temperature resistance limit, a detonation command is issued.

[0007] Preferably, the interval reading of the temperature of each electronic detonator includes: after each electronic detonator completes the network communication test, the detonation controller reads the temperature of each electronic detonator at the first acquisition time; after a time interval, the temperature of each electronic detonator is read again at the second acquisition time; the time interval is determined by the operation time from the completion of the network communication test to the completion of the delay parameter programming; the heating rate of each borehole is obtained according to the ratio of the difference between the two temperature readings to the time interval.

[0008] Preferably, the calculation of the safe time window includes: dividing the difference between the temperature limit and the current temperature of each borehole by the heating rate of the corresponding borehole to obtain the safe time window of each borehole; for boreholes with a heating rate of zero or negative, their safe time window is set to a preset maximum value.

[0009] Preferably, the delay time exchange with another borehole in the same row whose current temperature is lower than that borehole satisfies the following conditions: the predicted temperature of both boreholes at the time of detonation after the exchange is lower than the temperature resistance limit; the exchange does not change the detonation order between rows.

[0010] Preferably, the detonation controller updates the heating rate of each borehole accordingly, including: calculating the updated heating rate based on the current temperature of each borehole within a preset update time span, the temperature at the start of the time span, and the update time span; and obtaining the remaining safe time for each borehole by dividing the difference between the temperature limit and the current temperature by the updated heating rate.

[0011] Preferably, the detonation controller compares the remaining safe time of each borehole with a warning threshold, and issues a warning when the remaining safe time is lower than the warning threshold. The warning threshold is calculated based on the number of remaining unloaded boreholes, the average loading time per borehole, the personnel evacuation time, and multiplied by a safety factor. As the loading progresses, the number of remaining unloaded boreholes decreases, and the warning threshold is updated accordingly.

[0012] Preferably, when arranging the charging sequence according to the safety time window from largest to smallest, each blast hole is divided into several working sections according to the geographical location on the step surface; within the same working section, each blast hole is arranged according to the safety time window from largest to smallest; between different working sections, the section with fewer blast holes whose safety time window is lower than the preset threshold is constructed first, and the section with more blast holes whose safety time window is lower than the preset threshold is constructed later.

[0013] Preferably, when there are multiple interchangeable boreholes that meet the conditions in the same row, the combination with the largest sum of the remaining temperature margins after the interchange is selected; the remaining temperature margin is the difference between the temperature resistance limit and the predicted temperature after the interchange.

[0014] Preferably, when rereading the temperature of each borehole and verifying the predicted temperature before detonation, the predicted temperature of each borehole at the time of detonation is recalculated using the actual evacuation time of personnel instead of the estimated waiting time; if there are still boreholes whose predicted temperature exceeds the temperature resistance limit, boreholes with interchangeable delay times are searched again in the same row and the interchange is performed.

[0015] In another aspect, this application also provides a blasting construction system suitable for high-temperature zones, comprising: Includes multiple electronic detonators, detonation busbars, and detonation controllers: Each of the electronic detonators is integrated with a temperature sensor. Each of the electronic detonators is used to be assembled with the detonating charge and fed into the bottom of the corresponding borehole before the industrial explosive. The temperature of the corresponding borehole is collected by the temperature sensor, and the delay time and detonation command issued by the detonation controller are received. The detonation busbar is communicatively connected to each of the electronic detonators and the detonation controller, and is used to transmit temperature data, delay time and detonation command between each of the electronic detonators and the detonation controller; The detonation controller includes a temperature acquisition and heating rate calculation module, a safe time window and charging sequence determination module, a charging process monitoring module, a predicted temperature calculation and delay time adjustment module, and a detonation verification module. The temperature acquisition and heating rate calculation module is used to read the temperature acquired by each electronic detonator at intervals after each electronic detonator is in place and before industrial explosives are loaded, and to calculate the heating rate of each borehole based on at least two temperature readings. The safe time window and charging sequence determination module is used to calculate the safe time window of each borehole based on the temperature and heating rate of each borehole, and to arrange the charging sequence from large to small according to the safe time window. The safe time window is the remaining time for the borehole temperature to reach the explosive temperature resistance limit at the corresponding heating rate. The loading process monitoring module is used to continuously receive the temperature reported by each of the electronic detonators during the process of loading industrial explosives and plugging materials into each hole in the loading sequence, and update the heating rate of each hole based on the continuously received temperature. The predicted temperature calculation and delay time adjustment module is used to calculate the predicted temperature of each borehole at the time of detonation after the explosive charge is completed, based on the current temperature of each borehole, the updated heating rate and delay time. For boreholes whose predicted temperature exceeds the temperature resistance limit, the module determines the delay time exchange object from other boreholes in the same row that are lower than the current temperature of the borehole, and exchanges the delay time of the borehole with the delay time exchange object. The detonation verification module is used to reread the temperature of each borehole before detonation, verify the predicted temperature of each borehole at the time of detonation based on the reread temperature, and issue a detonation command to each electronic detonator through the detonation busbar when the predicted temperature of all boreholes is lower than the temperature resistance limit.

[0016] This application utilizes the time window between detonator placement and main charge loading to acquire temperature change data for each borehole. Based on this data, a heating rate reflecting the differences in thermal characteristics of each borehole is calculated. A safe time window, determined by both the heating rate and the current temperature, serves as the quantitative basis for the charging sequence, ensuring that the charging order matches the thermal safety risk level of each borehole. Continuous temperature monitoring and dynamic updates of the heating rate during charging enable timely detection of abnormal heating and early warning, preventing overheating of the explosive within the borehole. After charging, the borehole temperature at detonation is predicted, and thermal safety constraints are incorporated into the adjustment of delay parameters. By exchanging delay times within the same row, high-temperature boreholes are given a higher position in the detonation sequence, further shortening their explosive heat exposure time without altering the detonation order between rows, thus accommodating blasting vibration control requirements. Before detonation, the predicted temperature is recalculated using the actual evacuation time to ensure that all boreholes meet thermal safety conditions at detonation. Without altering the basic hardware structure of the electronic detonator, the entire solution integrates real-time temperature information throughout the entire process, from determining the charging sequence and providing early warnings during the charging process to adjusting delay parameters and verifying the detonation before detonation. This allows the thermal exposure time of the explosive from loading to detonation to be dynamically matched with the actual thermal conditions of each hole, effectively reducing the thermal safety risks of blasting in high-temperature zones. At the same time, it reduces construction delays caused by waiting for high-temperature holes to cool down or being abandoned, thus improving operational efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a blasting construction method applicable to high-temperature zones, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the loading sequence provided in this application embodiment.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a blasting construction system suitable for high-temperature zones, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] The method described in this embodiment is applicable to blasting operations where the temperature of the rock wall at the bottom of the blast hole is higher than that of the ambient temperature. Typical scenarios include foundation pit excavation in geothermal anomaly areas, bench blasting in open-pit mines adjacent to underground fire zones, and high-temperature rock mass foundation treatment. The blast hole diameter is, for example, 100mm to 150mm, and the depth is, for example, 5m to 15m. The detonation system uses digital electronic detonators. Each electronic detonator has a microcontroller (MCU) integrated with a digital temperature sensor, such as the DS18B20, with a temperature measurement range of -55℃ to +125℃ and a resolution of 0.0625℃. Each electronic detonator is networked with the detonation controller via a detonation bus. The detonation controller reads the number, delay time, communication status, and temperature data of each detonator sequentially via the communication protocol of the detonation bus, and displays them in columns on the human-machine interface. This method does not change the basic hardware structure of the electronic detonator or the detonation network architecture; it only adds temperature acquisition and reporting commands to the detonator MCU firmware and adds a temperature parameter field to the display interface of the detonation controller.

[0024] After drilling is completed, each borehole is inspected according to the blasting design drawing. The borehole number, actual depth and borehole coordinates are recorded. Debris and water inside the borehole are removed. After the borehole is inspected and approved, the following construction steps are carried out.

[0025] The following detailed description, in conjunction with specific embodiments, illustrates the implementation process of the blasting construction method applicable to high-temperature zones described in this application. It should be noted that these embodiments are merely for explaining this application and not for limiting its scope of protection. Any conventional adjustments or substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the steps without departing from the concept of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown in the diagram, this application discloses a blasting construction method suitable for high-temperature zones, including the following method steps: Step S1: Electronic detonators are positioned before industrial explosives, and their temperatures are read at intervals to calculate the heating rate. Specifically, after assembling the electronic detonators (integrated with temperature sensors) with the detonating charge, they are fed into the bottom of each borehole before the industrial explosives are loaded, and then networked with the detonation controller via the detonation busbar. After each electronic detonator is in place and before the industrial explosives are loaded, the detonation controller reads the temperature of each electronic detonator at intervals, and calculates the heating rate of each borehole based on at least two temperature readings.

[0027] According to this embodiment, in this step, an electronic detonator integrated with a temperature sensor is inserted into the bottom of each borehole before the industrial explosive is loaded. Temperature data is read intermittently during the period between the detonator's placement and the loading of the industrial explosive, and the heating rate of each borehole is calculated. In existing construction methods, the loading operation for that borehole is completed once the detonator and industrial explosive are simultaneously inserted, without any order between them. This step divides the loading process into two stages: the initial placement of the detonator and the loading of the main explosive charge. Temperature trend data is collected during the time window when the detonator reaches the bottom of the borehole first, allowing the acquisition of thermal characteristic parameters for each borehole without increasing equipment or process time.

[0028] Specifically, each electronic detonator is assembled with its corresponding detonating charge. The detonating charge consists of one or two sections of detonating explosive cartridge. The detonator is inserted into the pre-drilled hole in the cartridge and secured with tape. After assembly, the detonator and detonating charge assembly is fed to the bottom of the borehole using a feed rod, with the detonator leads extending along the borehole wall to the borehole opening. No main charge of industrial explosive is loaded at this stage; only the detonator and detonating charge remain in the borehole. Because the volume and mass of the detonating charge are much smaller than the subsequent industrial explosives, and its heat capacity is low, the detonator temperature sensor reaches thermal equilibrium with the borehole wall temperature within minutes. After all detonators are in place in each borehole, the leads of each detonator are sequentially connected to the detonation busbar, which in turn connects to the detonation controller network.

[0029] After each detonator is connected to the detonation busbar, the operator performs network communication testing on the detonation controller. The controller polls each detonator sequentially to verify its serial number, communication status, and voltage parameters; this is a standard and necessary procedure in electronic detonator blasting operations. Temperature data reading is completed simultaneously with the communication testing, without requiring additional operations.

[0030] Temperature data acquisition employs a two-interval reading method: after all detonators are in place and network testing is completed, this moment is recorded as the first acquisition time; the detonation controller then reads the temperature of each electronic detonator and records it as... ,in Number the boreholes; after a time interval Then, a second temperature acquisition was performed, and the temperature was recorded as follows. This time interval The time taken from the completion of network communication testing to the completion of delay parameter programming is determined, and is typically 5 to 10 minutes. In conventional construction, after network testing, operators need to program the delay time of each detonator and verify the detonation sequence, a process that usually takes 5 to 15 minutes. This step utilizes this natural time as the interval between two data acquisitions, eliminating the need for a dedicated wait. Optionally, when the number of blast holes in the blast zone is large and the programming time is long, The interval can be extended to 15 minutes. The longer the sampling interval, the more stable the heating rate will be in subsequent calculations.

[0031] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the heating rate of each borehole is calculated based on two temperature readings. :

[0032] in For the first Temperature readings of each borehole at the time of the first data acquisition, in °C; The temperature reading is taken at the second data collection time, in °C. The time interval between two data collections, in minutes; The heating rate is expressed in °C / min. The heating rate reflects the speed at which heat is continuously transferred from the surrounding rock mass into the borehole. It is related to factors such as the temperature field distribution of the rock mass, the thermal conductivity of the rock, the water content, and the distance from the heat source. Significant differences may exist between boreholes within the same blasting zone.

[0033] As an example, the first reading of a borehole was 52.5℃, and the second reading was 55.0℃, with an interval of 8 minutes. The heating rate was [missing information]. ℃ / min; In the same blast zone, another borehole close to the underground heat source had a first reading of 56.0℃ and a second reading of 60.0℃, with an interval of 8 min, and the heating rate was [missing value]. ℃ / min. The absolute temperature value alone cannot reflect this difference, while the heating rate provides a quantitative basis for predicting the subsequent temperature change trend of each well.

[0034] The temperature of the second sampling As the reference temperature for each borehole ,Right now Together with This will be used in subsequent steps.

[0035] In some embodiments, the number of temperature acquisitions can be increased to three or more. The least squares method is used to perform linear fitting on multiple temperature-time data points, and the slope of the fitted line is taken as the heating rate. The least squares method determines the slope by minimizing the sum of squares of the deviations between each measured point and the fitted line. It is a fundamental method in the field of data processing and can reduce the impact of sensor noise or short-term fluctuations in a single reading.

[0036] Step S2: Calculate the safe time window based on the temperature and heating rate of each borehole, and arrange the charge order according to the safe time window from largest to smallest. The safe time window is the remaining time for the borehole temperature to reach the explosive's temperature resistance limit at the heating rate; the charge order is arranged according to the safe time window from largest to smallest.

[0037] In some embodiments, the safe time window refers to the remaining time required for the borehole temperature to continue rising at the current temperature and heating rate to reach the explosive's temperature resistance limit; the longer the safe time window, the more ample the waiting time the borehole can withstand after loading the explosive.

[0038] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 The flowchart for the charging sequence provided in this application embodiment shows that in step S201, the detonation controller determines the reference temperature of each borehole obtained in step S1. and heating rate Calculate the safe time window :

[0039] in The reference temperature is expressed in °C. This is the heating rate, expressed in °C / min; This is a safe time window, measured in minutes. This refers to the temperature resistance limit, expressed in °C, and is determined as follows: Take the upper limit of the temperature resistance specified on the industrial explosive product being used. Subtract safety margin :

[0040] Provided in the technical specifications for explosive products; For safety margin, the value is determined based on the type of explosive and the safety level of the project, and the range is, for example, 5℃ to 10℃. For example, if the upper limit of the temperature resistance of a certain emulsion explosive is marked as 80℃, the safety margin is taken as 8℃, and the temperature resistance limit is 72℃.

[0041] For heating rate For boreholes with a value of zero or negative, that is, the temperature at the bottom of the borehole has not risen or has slightly decreased, the safe time window is set to the preset maximum value, such as 9999 minutes, indicating that there is no urgent thermal safety issue.

[0042] As an example, a borehole has a reference temperature of 55℃, a heating rate of 1.0℃ / min, a temperature tolerance limit of 72℃, and a safe time window of [missing information]. The other borehole reference temperature is also 55℃, but the heating rate is 0.3℃ / min, and the safe time window is [missing information]. For two boreholes with the same initial temperature, the safe time window differs by more than three times due to different heating rates; this difference cannot be discerned solely from absolute temperature. Optionally, Further adjustments can be made based on the combined temperature and time data provided by the explosives supplier. When explosives are heated at a lower temperature for an extended period, the blasting engineer can appropriately lower the temperature. To increase the margin.

[0043] In step S202, all blast holes are aligned according to the safe time window. Arsenal from largest to smallest. The boreholes at the front have longer safety time windows and sufficient thermal safety margins, so they are charged first; the boreholes at the back have shorter safety time windows, so they are charged last, and the waiting time between charging and detonation is the shortest.

[0044] The order of explosive loading needs to be adjusted based on the spatial constraints of the work area. Each borehole is divided into several work sections according to its geographical location on the bench surface. Each section covers several adjacent rows of boreholes, and the division is based on the travel route of the loading vehicle and the ease of relocation. Within the same work section, boreholes are loaded in descending order of their safe time windows. Between different work sections, sections with fewer boreholes whose safe time windows are below a preset threshold are loaded first, while sections with more boreholes whose safe time windows are below the preset threshold are loaded later. The preset threshold is, for example, the median of the safe time windows for the entire blast zone. The detonation controller displays the adjusted loading order as a list of borehole numbers on the human-machine interface, and the loading personnel execute the loading operation hole by hole according to the list order. In some embodiments, adjacent boreholes within the same work section can be loaded consecutively to reduce the back-and-forth movement of loading personnel between non-adjacent boreholes, balancing loading efficiency and the goal of safe time window sequencing.

[0045] In existing high-temperature blasting methods, even with pre-loading temperature measurement capabilities, only the absolute temperature value is used to determine whether a hole can be loaded. If the temperature exceeds the limit, the hole is cooled or abandoned. The heating rate information is not used to differentiate the loading sequence. By introducing a safety time window, the loading order changes from entirely depending on spatial location to simultaneously considering the differences in thermal conditions of each hole.

[0046] Step S3: Fill the holes one by one with industrial explosives and plugging material in the order of loading, and continuously report the temperature and update the heating rate.

[0047] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the main charge of industrial explosives is filled into each hole sequentially according to the charging order arranged in step S2. After each hole is filled, a plugging material is filled into the hole opening to seal it. The charge amount and plugging length are determined according to the blasting design. During the charging process, each electronic detonator continuously reports temperature data to the detonation controller through the detonation busbar. The controller reads and stores the temperature value of each charged hole at a frequency of, for example, once per minute. The current temperature of each hole is displayed in a list on the human-machine interface.

[0048] After the explosive charge is plugged, the convective heat transfer path between the orifice and the atmosphere is blocked by the plugged section, changing the heat dissipation conditions at the bottom of the orifice. The actual heating rate may deviate from the initial value measured in step S1. The detonation controller updates the heating rate of each orifice accordingly, specifically by taking the heating rate of each orifice within a preset update time span. Current temperature inside Temperature at the start of this time span The difference, divided by the update time span The updated heating rate was obtained. It can be expressed by the formula:

[0049] in This is the temperature reading of the i-th borehole at the current moment, in °C; for Temperature reading from minutes ago, in °C; To update the time span, the unit is minutes, for example, 5 minutes. The controller uses... Replace the initial heating rate in step S1, and calculate the remaining safe time for each borehole accordingly. This refers to the time required for the borehole temperature to reach the temperature resistance limit under the current temperature and heating rate conditions.

[0050] The meanings and units of each parameter are the same as before.

[0051] The detonation controller sets the remaining safety time for each borehole. With warning threshold In comparison, when the remaining safety time falls below the warning threshold, an early warning is issued, and the operator is notified with a prominent marker on the human-machine interface. Warning threshold. The blasting engineer sets the parameters before construction, based on the number of remaining uncharged blast holes. Average loading time per hole and personnel evacuation time The sum multiplied by the safety factor get:

[0052] in This represents the current number of unloaded blast holes. The average charging time per hole is expressed in minutes and is obtained from the statistics of previous construction records of the same project. For example, the arithmetic mean of the charging time of 30 completed boreholes is taken. The time required for personnel to evacuate from the blast zone to a safe distance, expressed in minutes, is calculated by dividing the safe distance by the personnel's walking speed. For safety factors, the value ranges from, for example, 1.2 to 1.5, and is selected by the blasting engineer according to the project's safety management requirements. The same safety factor can be used for each blast within the same project. The value is not limited in this disclosure.

[0053] As an example, at a certain moment, there are 25 blast holes remaining to be loaded with explosives. min, min, ,but min. As the propellant advances... As the threshold gradually decreases, the controller automatically recalculates and updates the warning threshold.

[0054] Optionally, when an early warning is triggered, the operator can adjust the subsequent charging rhythm according to the on-site situation, and prioritize completing the remaining blast holes in that section.

[0055] Step S4: Calculate the predicted temperature at the detonation time of each borehole, and exchange the delay time for boreholes exceeding the temperature limit within the same row. Specifically, after charging, the detonation controller calculates the predicted temperature at the detonation time of each borehole based on the current temperature, the updated heating rate, and the delay time. For boreholes with predicted temperatures exceeding the temperature resistance limit, the delay time is exchanged with another borehole in the same row whose current temperature is lower.

[0056] Specifically, after all boreholes are plugged with explosives, the thermal safety verification of the delay parameters begins. In conventional electronic detonator delay design, the delay time for each borehole only considers blasting vibration control and rock fragmentation effects, without incorporating borehole temperature into the constraints. This step adds thermal safety constraints to the conventional delay design, and adjusts the delay times of boreholes that do not meet the constraints by swapping them.

[0057] In one embodiment, the detonation controller reads the current temperature of each detonator. and the updated heating rate Combined with the pre-programmed delay time of each hole (Unit: ms) and the estimated waiting time from the current moment until the detonation command is issued. (Unit: min, input by operator to controller based on evacuation plan), calculate the predicted temperature at detonation time for each borehole. :

[0058] in The current temperature of the i-th borehole is expressed in °C. The updated heating rate is expressed in °C / min. The estimated waiting time, including personnel evacuation, warning setup, and safety confirmation, is measured in minutes. The delay time is in milliseconds (ms). Divide by 60000 to convert milliseconds to minutes. This is the total waiting time from the current moment until the actual detonation of the i-th borehole, expressed in minutes. The controller verifies the thermal safety constraints for each borehole individually. If the conditions are met, it is marked as passed; otherwise, it is marked as exceeded.

[0059] In one example, the current temperature of a borehole is 60℃, the updated heating rate is 1.2℃ / min, the estimated waiting time is 20 minutes, the delay time is 3000 ms, and the predicted temperature is... ℃; the temperature resistance limit is 72℃, and this borehole is judged to be exceeding the limit.

[0060] For boreholes whose predicted temperature exceeds the temperature resistance limit, the delay time is exchanged with another borehole in the same row whose current temperature is lower. The exchange requires two conditions to be met simultaneously: after the exchange, the predicted temperature of both boreholes at the time of detonation must be lower than the temperature resistance limit; and the exchange must not change the detonation order between rows. Since the free surface conditions of boreholes in the same row are similar, the delay interval between adjacent boreholes in the row is generally a few milliseconds to tens of milliseconds, and the impact of the exchange on the blasting fragmentation effect and vibration waveform is limited.

[0061] Specifically, within the row of boreholes exceeding the limit, boreholes with current temperatures lower than the exceeding limit and whose predicted temperatures after exchanging delay times both meet the constraints are selected as exchange targets. When multiple interchangeable boreholes meet the conditions within the same row, the combination with the largest sum of remaining temperature margins after the exchange is selected. The remaining temperature margin is the difference between the temperature limit and the predicted temperature after the exchange; selecting the combination with the largest sum of margins ensures that both sides have as much thermal safety margin as possible. After the exchange is executed, the controller updates the delay times of the two boreholes and sends them to the corresponding detonators, then recalculates the predicted temperatures of all boreholes and re-verifies the constraints.

[0062] If there are no interchangeable boreholes within the same row that meet the requirements for exceeding the limit, the detonation controller will prompt the operator to take one of the following actions: shorten the waiting time from the current moment to the issuance of the detonation command, i.e., speed up the evacuation of personnel and the deployment of warning perimeters, so that the actual waiting time is shorter than the original estimate. Alternatively, the borehole can be set to a non-detonation state in the detonation network, and then treated separately after blasting, such as by water cooling and reloading for detonation. The operator will choose the appropriate action based on the site conditions.

[0063] In one embodiment, the search for interchangeable objects specifically involves: the current set of over-limit blast holes. (Sort by predicted temperature from highest to lowest), the current temperature array of all boreholes in the same row. Heating rate array Current delay time array Temperature resistance limit Estimated waiting time .

[0064] For over-limit blast holes Get the set of all borehole numbers in the row to which it belongs. .

[0065] from Remove from Self and current temperature Not less than The borehole (because the replacement requires borrowing a shorter delay time from the low temperature borehole, if the current temperature is no lower than that of the over-limit borehole, the replacement cannot reduce its predicted temperature).

[0066] Traverse the remaining candidate gun holes Assuming the delay time is swapped and Calculate the predicted temperatures of both sides after the swap. and .

[0067] Filtering simultaneously satisfies and The candidate combinations are then entered into the preferred pool.

[0068] If the preferred pool is not empty, calculate the sum of the remaining temperature margin for each combination in the pool. Select The combination with the largest value is chosen as the final swap.

[0069] Output the delay time update instruction after the swap, or a prompt flag indicating that there is no swappable object.

[0070] The order of charging in this step and step S2 shortens the thermal exposure time of the explosive in the high-temperature boreholes in different time dimensions. Step S2 places the high-temperature boreholes last for charging, shortening the waiting time between the completion of charging and the issuance of the detonation command; the interchange of delay times allows the high-temperature boreholes to obtain a higher position in the detonation sequence, further shortening the delay waiting time from the issuance of the detonation command to the actual detonation of the borehole.

[0071] Step S5: Before detonation, reread the temperature of each borehole to verify the predicted temperature. Once all the temperature resistance limits are met, issue the detonation command.

[0072] In some embodiments, after all personnel have evacuated to a safe area, the operator issues a final inspection command on the detonation controller. The controller reads the current temperature and communication status of each detonator sequentially. Since the actual evacuation time may differ from the waiting time estimated in step S4, this process is not guaranteed. If discrepancies exist, the controller uses the actual evacuation time of personnel instead of the estimated waiting time, recalculates the predicted temperature at the detonation time of each borehole, and re-verifies the thermal safety constraints one by one. After all the predicted temperatures of the boreholes are below the temperature resistance limit, the controller displays the final inspection result on the human-machine interface, and the operator presses the detonation button to issue the detonation command.

[0073] Optionally, if during the final inspection, it is found that some blast holes have exceeded the limits due to actual evacuation time exceeding the estimate, the controller will search for blast holes with interchangeable delay times within the same row according to the rules in the aforementioned steps, perform the interchange, update the delay parameters, and then perform the final inspection again. If an interchange is not possible, the controller will prompt the operator to confirm whether to set the blast hole to a non-detonation state.

[0074] After the detonation command is issued, each electronic detonator detonates sequentially according to its respective delay time to complete the blasting operation.

[0075] Therefore, this method utilizes the time window during which electronic detonators are placed before industrial explosives to collect temperature data and calculate the heating rate. The charging sequence is then determined by a safe time window jointly defined by the heating rate and temperature, ensuring that boreholes with harsh thermal conditions receive the shortest possible explosive residence time. After charging, the heating rate is continuously updated and the remaining safe time is calculated, with early warning thresholds indicating construction risks. After charging, the predicted temperature for the detonation time of each borehole is calculated, and the delay time for boreholes exceeding the limit is adjusted by exchanging them within the same row. Before detonation, the predicted temperature is recalculated based on the actual evacuation time, and a detonation command is issued only after all temperature resistance limits are met. The entire process does not add communication lines or alter the basic structure of the electronic detonators; it only transforms real-time temperature information into executable construction commands through the reasonable arrangement of the construction sequence and the adjustment of delay time constraints, ensuring that the thermal exposure time of the explosives in each borehole during large-scale blasting in high-temperature zones matches the actual thermal conditions of each borehole.

[0076] It should be noted that although the operations of the method of this application are described in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that these operations must be performed in that specific order, or that all the operations shown must be performed to achieve the desired result. On the contrary, the steps depicted in the flowchart can be performed in a different order. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step, and / or one step may be broken down into multiple steps.

[0077] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This application provides a blasting construction system suitable for high-temperature zones. The system embodiment is similar to... Figure 1 Corresponding to the illustrated method embodiments, this system can be specifically applied to various electronic devices. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the system specifically includes multiple electronic detonators, a detonation busbar, and a detonation controller: Each of the electronic detonators is integrated with a temperature sensor. Each of the electronic detonators is used to be assembled with the detonating charge and fed into the bottom of the corresponding borehole before the industrial explosive. The temperature of the corresponding borehole is collected by the temperature sensor, and the delay time and detonation command issued by the detonation controller are received. The detonation busbar is communicatively connected to each of the electronic detonators and the detonation controller, and is used to transmit temperature data, delay time and detonation command between each of the electronic detonators and the detonation controller; The detonation controller includes a temperature acquisition and heating rate calculation module, a safe time window and charging sequence determination module, a charging process monitoring module, a predicted temperature calculation and delay time adjustment module, and a detonation verification module. The temperature acquisition and heating rate calculation module is used to read the temperature acquired by each electronic detonator at intervals after each electronic detonator is in place and before industrial explosives are loaded, and to calculate the heating rate of each borehole based on at least two temperature readings. The safe time window and charging sequence determination module is used to calculate the safe time window of each borehole based on the temperature and heating rate of each borehole, and to arrange the charging sequence from large to small according to the safe time window. The safe time window is the remaining time for the borehole temperature to reach the explosive temperature resistance limit at the corresponding heating rate. The loading process monitoring module is used to continuously receive the temperature reported by each of the electronic detonators during the process of loading industrial explosives and plugging materials into each hole in the loading sequence, and update the heating rate of each hole based on the continuously received temperature. The predicted temperature calculation and delay time adjustment module is used to calculate the predicted temperature of each borehole at the time of detonation after the explosive charge is completed, based on the current temperature of each borehole, the updated heating rate and delay time. For boreholes whose predicted temperature exceeds the temperature resistance limit, the module determines the delay time exchange object from other boreholes in the same row that are lower than the current temperature of the borehole, and exchanges the delay time of the borehole with the delay time exchange object. The detonation verification module is used to reread the temperature of each borehole before detonation, verify the predicted temperature of each borehole at the time of detonation based on the reread temperature, and issue a detonation command to each electronic detonator through the detonation busbar when the predicted temperature of all boreholes is lower than the temperature resistance limit.

[0078] Each processing unit and / or module in the embodiments of this application can be implemented by an analog circuit that implements the functions described in the embodiments of this application, or by software that executes the functions described in the embodiments of this application.

[0079] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides an electronic device, such as... Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method corresponding to the electronic device can be the method in the foregoing embodiments, and its problem-solving principle is similar to that method. The electronic device provided in this application includes: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to execute the methods and / or technical solutions of the foregoing embodiments of the present application.

[0080] Specifically, the methods and / or embodiments in this application can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, the embodiments disclosed in this application include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a storage medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the methods shown in the flowchart. When the computer program is executed by a central processing unit, it performs the functions defined in the methods of this application.

[0081] Another embodiment of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon, which can be executed by a processor to implement the methods and / or technical solutions of any one or more embodiments of this application described above.

[0082] The flowcharts or block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of electronic devices, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of this application. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-specific system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0083] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blasting construction method suitable for high-temperature zones, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After assembling the electronic detonator with integrated temperature sensor and the detonating charge, it is fed into the bottom of each borehole before the industrial explosive is loaded. It is then networked with the detonation controller via the detonation busbar. After each electronic detonator is in place and before the industrial explosive is loaded, the detonation controller reads the temperature of each electronic detonator at intervals and calculates the heating rate of each borehole based on at least two temperature readings. The safe time window is calculated based on the temperature and heating rate of each borehole. The safe time window is the remaining time for the borehole temperature to reach the explosive's temperature resistance limit at the heating rate. The order of charging is determined according to the safe time window from largest to smallest. Industrial explosives and plugging materials are loaded into each hole in the order described. During the loading process, each electronic detonator continuously reports its temperature, and the detonation controller updates the heating rate of each borehole accordingly. After the explosive charge is loaded, the detonation controller calculates the predicted temperature for the detonation of each borehole based on the current temperature of each borehole, the updated heating rate, and the delay time. For boreholes whose predicted temperature exceeds the temperature resistance limit, the delay time is exchanged with another borehole in the same row whose current temperature is lower. Before detonation, the detonation controller rereads the temperature of each borehole and verifies the predicted temperature. Once the predicted temperature of all boreholes is lower than the temperature resistance limit, a detonation command is issued.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interval reading of the temperature of each electronic detonator includes: after each electronic detonator completes the network communication test, the detonation controller reads the temperature of each electronic detonator at the first acquisition time; after a time interval, the temperature of each electronic detonator is read again at the second acquisition time; the time interval is determined by the operation time from the completion of the network communication test to the completion of the delay parameter programming; the heating rate of each borehole is obtained according to the ratio of the difference between the two temperature readings to the time interval.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the safe time window includes: dividing the difference between the temperature limit and the current temperature of each borehole by the heating rate of the corresponding borehole to obtain the safe time window of each borehole; for boreholes with a heating rate of zero or negative, their safe time window is set to a preset maximum value.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The delay time exchanged between the borehole in the same row and another borehole with a current temperature lower than that borehole shall meet the following conditions: the predicted temperature of both boreholes at the time of detonation after the exchange shall be lower than the temperature resistance limit; the exchange shall not change the detonation order between rows.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detonation controller updates the heating rate of each borehole accordingly, including: calculating the updated heating rate based on the current temperature of each borehole within a preset update time span, the temperature at the start of the time span, and the update time span; and obtaining the remaining safe time for each borehole by dividing the difference between the temperature limit and the current temperature by the updated heating rate.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The detonation controller compares the remaining safety time of each borehole with a warning threshold, and issues a warning when the remaining safety time is lower than the warning threshold; The warning threshold is calculated based on the number of remaining unloaded blast holes, the average loading time per hole, the personnel evacuation time, and multiplied by a safety factor. As the propellant advances, the number of remaining unloaded boreholes decreases, and the warning threshold is updated accordingly.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When arranging the order of charging according to the safe time window from largest to smallest, each blast hole is divided into several working sections according to the geographical location on the step surface; within the same working section, each blast hole is arranged according to the safe time window from largest to smallest; between different working sections, the section with fewer blast holes whose safe time window is lower than the preset threshold is constructed first, and the section with more blast holes whose safe time window is lower than the preset threshold is constructed later.

8. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, When there are multiple interchangeable boreholes that meet the conditions in the same row, the combination with the largest sum of the remaining temperature margins after the interchange is selected; the remaining temperature margin is the difference between the temperature resistance limit and the predicted temperature after the interchange.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When rereading the temperature of each borehole and verifying the predicted temperature before detonation, the predicted temperature of each borehole at the time of detonation is recalculated using the actual evacuation time of personnel instead of the estimated waiting time; if the predicted temperature of any borehole still exceeds the temperature resistance limit, boreholes with interchangeable delay times are searched again in the same row and the interchange is performed.

10. A blasting construction system suitable for high-temperature zones, characterized in that, Includes multiple electronic detonators, detonation busbars, and detonation controllers: Each of the electronic detonators is integrated with a temperature sensor. Each of the electronic detonators is used to be assembled with the detonating charge and fed into the bottom of the corresponding borehole before the industrial explosive. The temperature of the corresponding borehole is collected by the temperature sensor, and the delay time and detonation command issued by the detonation controller are received. The detonation busbar is communicatively connected to each of the electronic detonators and the detonation controller, and is used to transmit temperature data, delay time and detonation command between each of the electronic detonators and the detonation controller; The detonation controller includes a temperature acquisition and heating rate calculation module, a safe time window and charging sequence determination module, a charging process monitoring module, a predicted temperature calculation and delay time adjustment module, and a detonation verification module. The temperature acquisition and heating rate calculation module is used to read the temperature acquired by each electronic detonator at intervals after each electronic detonator is in place and before industrial explosives are loaded, and to calculate the heating rate of each borehole based on at least two temperature readings. The safe time window and charging sequence determination module is used to calculate the safe time window of each borehole based on the temperature and heating rate of each borehole, and to arrange the charging sequence from large to small according to the safe time window. The safe time window is the remaining time for the borehole temperature to reach the explosive temperature resistance limit at the corresponding heating rate. The loading process monitoring module is used to continuously receive the temperature reported by each of the electronic detonators during the process of loading industrial explosives and plugging materials into each hole in the loading sequence, and update the heating rate of each hole based on the continuously received temperature. The predicted temperature calculation and delay time adjustment module is used to calculate the predicted temperature of each borehole at the time of detonation after the explosive charge is completed, based on the current temperature of each borehole, the updated heating rate and delay time. For boreholes whose predicted temperature exceeds the temperature resistance limit, the module determines the delay time exchange object from other boreholes in the same row that are lower than the current temperature of the borehole, and exchanges the delay time of the borehole with the delay time exchange object. The detonation verification module is used to reread the temperature of each borehole before detonation, verify the predicted temperature of each borehole at the time of detonation based on the reread temperature, and issue a detonation command to each electronic detonator through the detonation busbar when the predicted temperature of all boreholes is lower than the temperature resistance limit.

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