A high-voltage reverse bias circuit for automatically compensating for temperature drift of an avalanche photodiode

Abstract

The application provides a high-voltage reverse bias circuit for automatically compensating temperature drift effect of an avalanche photodiode, wherein the circuit comprises: a reference configuration module configured to receive a target voltage digital signal provided by an upper computer and convert the target voltage digital signal into a corresponding analog reference voltage, the target voltage digital signal being dependent on the intensity of an optical signal received by the avalanche photodiode; a multi-parameter compensation module configured to collect a current device junction temperature of the avalanche photodiode and a current supply voltage provided to the avalanche photodiode, and perform voltage compensation on the current device junction temperature and the current supply voltage according to the analog reference voltage to provide a current compensation voltage; and a driving module configured to receive a preset supply voltage and provide a compensated target supply voltage for the avalanche photodiode according to the current compensation voltage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photoelectric detection technology, and in particular to a high-voltage reverse bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes. Background Technology

[0002] In applications using interferometers for photoelectric detection and optical path displacement calculation, dual-frequency lasers suffer from low output energy and a large number of measurement axes, resulting in extremely low average optical power distributed to each optical axis. Furthermore, the signal value decreases under different workpiece stage rotation conditions, rendering conventional photodetectors ineffective. Therefore, the industry commonly employs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) to amplify and detect weak light signals using the avalanche multiplication effect.

[0003] Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) generate heat under high voltage and prolonged use. Their avalanche gain, photoelectric conversion sensitivity, and signal linearity are highly dependent on the reverse bias voltage and exhibit extreme temperature sensitivity. Specifically, an increase in the junction temperature (the actual temperature of the PN junction inside the device) directly leads to breakdown voltage drift and avalanche gain attenuation, while a decrease in junction temperature causes gain saturation distortion. Furthermore, long-term operation of Avalanche photodiodes can lead to device aging, line voltage drop, load fluctuations, and power grid interference, which can also cause high-voltage drift fluctuations in the Avalanche photodiode's operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide at least one high-voltage reverse bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes, which solves the technical problem that the high-voltage reverse bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes in the prior art cannot refer to the current temperature and the actual power supply conditions to provide the power supply voltage, thereby achieving the technical effect of improving the gain stability of avalanche photodiodes.

[0005] This application mainly includes the following aspects: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a high-voltage reverse-bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of an avalanche photodiode. The high-voltage reverse-bias circuit includes: a reference configuration module, used to receive a target voltage digital signal provided by a host computer and convert the target voltage digital signal into a corresponding analog reference voltage, wherein the target voltage digital signal depends on the intensity of the light signal received by the avalanche photodiode; a multi-parameter compensation module, used to acquire the current junction temperature of the avalanche photodiode and the current supply voltage provided to the avalanche photodiode, and to perform voltage compensation on the current junction temperature and the current supply voltage according to the analog reference voltage to provide a current compensation voltage; and a driving module, used to receive a preset supply voltage and provide a compensated target supply voltage for the avalanche photodiode according to the current compensation voltage.

[0006] Optionally, the multi-parameter compensation module includes: a first operational amplifier topology for acquiring the current device junction temperature and the current supply voltage and outputting an initial compensation voltage to compensate the current device junction temperature and the current supply voltage; and a second operational amplifier topology for receiving the initial compensation voltage and the analog reference voltage and outputting the current compensation voltage through differential superposition operation.

[0007] Optionally, the multi-parameter compensation module further includes a matching module, used to provide a bias voltage at the static operating point to raise the current compensation voltage and adapt the current compensation voltage to the input requirements of the drive module.

[0008] Optionally, the high-voltage reverse bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes further includes: an isolation feedback module, used to step down the current supply voltage and provide the processed current supply voltage to the multi-parameter compensation module, and to superimpose the processed current supply voltage with the current compensation voltage to provide it to the drive module to avoid delay.

[0009] Optionally, the reference configuration module includes: a digital-to-analog converter chip for receiving the target voltage digital signal and converting the target voltage digital signal into a corresponding first analog voltage; a reference voltage regulator unit for regulating the first analog voltage to provide a second analog voltage; and a filter unit for filtering the second analog voltage to provide the analog reference voltage.

[0010] Optionally, the first operational amplifier topology includes a temperature sensor, a first operational amplifier, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, and a first capacitor. The temperature sensor is disposed on the housing of the avalanche photodiode to acquire the current device junction temperature. One end of the first resistor is connected to the temperature sensor. The other end of the first resistor is connected to the first capacitor and one end of the second resistor. The other end of the second resistor is connected to one end of the third resistor and the first input terminal of the first operational amplifier. The other end of the third resistor is grounded. One end of the fourth resistor is connected to the avalanche photodiode to acquire the current supply voltage. The other end of the fourth resistor is connected to one end of the fifth resistor and the second input terminal of the first operational amplifier. The other end of the fifth resistor is grounded. The sixth resistor is disposed between the first input terminal and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier. The output terminal of the first operational amplifier is used to provide an initial compensation voltage.

[0011] Optionally, the second operational amplifier topology includes a second operational amplifier, a seventh resistor, and an eighth resistor, wherein one end of the seventh resistor is connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier, the other end of the seventh resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the second operational amplifier, the second input terminal of the second operational amplifier is used to connect to the reference configuration module to receive the analog reference voltage, the eighth resistor is disposed between the first input terminal and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier, and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier is used to provide the current compensation voltage.

[0012] Optionally, the matching module includes a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, and an eleventh resistor, wherein one end of the ninth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the second operational amplifier, the other end of the ninth resistor is disposed between the tenth resistor and the eleventh resistor, the tenth resistor is connected to a first power supply, and the eleventh resistor is grounded.

[0013] Optionally, the isolation feedback module includes a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, and a first transistor. One end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the avalanche photodiode, the other end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the input terminal of the first transistor and the multi-parameter compensation module, the output terminal of the first transistor is connected to the driving module, the control terminal of the first transistor is connected between the thirteenth resistor and the fourteenth resistor, the thirteenth resistor is connected to a second power supply, and the fourteenth resistor is grounded.

[0014] Optionally, the driving module includes a first inductor, a second inductor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, an eighth capacitor, a ninth capacitor, a tenth capacitor, a fifteenth resistor, a sixteenth resistor, a seventeenth resistor, a second transistor, a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, and a fourth diode. One end of the fifteenth resistor is connected to the avalanche photodiode and one end of the second capacitor, the other end of the second capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the fifteenth resistor is connected to the isolation feedback module. One end of the first inductor is connected to the preset power supply voltage, and the other end of the first inductor is connected to one end of the second inductor, one end of the third capacitor, and one end of the fourth capacitor. The other end of the third capacitor is grounded. The other end of the fourth capacitor is connected to one end of the sixteenth resistor, one end of the fifth capacitor, and the output terminal of the second transistor. The other end of the sixteenth resistor... The fifth capacitor is grounded. The other end of the fifth capacitor is connected to the input terminal of the second transistor, the other end of the second inductor, one end of the sixth capacitor, and one end of the seventh capacitor. The control terminal of the second transistor is connected to one end of the eighth capacitor and one end of the seventeenth resistor. The other end of the seventeenth resistor is connected to the multi-parameter compensation module to receive the current compensation voltage. The other end of the eighth capacitor is grounded. The other end of the sixth capacitor is connected to the anode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode. The anode of the second diode is connected to the cathode of the third diode and one end of the ninth capacitor. The other end of the ninth capacitor is grounded. The cathode of the first diode is connected to one end of the tenth capacitor and the avalanche photodiode. The other end of the tenth capacitor is grounded. One end of the seventh capacitor is connected to the anode of the third diode and the cathode of the fourth diode. The anode of the fourth diode is grounded.

[0015] This application provides a high-voltage reverse-bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes. The high-voltage reverse-bias circuit includes: a reference configuration module, used to receive a target voltage digital signal provided by a host computer and convert the target voltage digital signal into a corresponding analog reference voltage, wherein the target voltage digital signal depends on the intensity of the light signal received by the avalanche photodiode; a multi-parameter compensation module, used to acquire the current junction temperature of the avalanche photodiode and the current supply voltage supplied to the avalanche photodiode, and to perform voltage compensation on the current junction temperature and the current supply voltage according to the analog reference voltage to provide a current compensation voltage; and a driving module, used to receive a preset supply voltage and provide a compensated target supply voltage for the avalanche photodiode according to the current compensation voltage. This application solves the technical problem in the prior art where the high-voltage reverse bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes cannot refer to the current temperature and actual power supply conditions to provide the power supply voltage. It achieves the technical effect of improving the gain accuracy of avalanche photodiodes by setting a reference configuration module in the power supply circuit to receive the target voltage digital signal for supplying power to the avalanche photodiode from the host computer and converting it into its corresponding analog reference voltage. It also uses a multi-parameter compensation module to perform temperature compensation on the current junction temperature of the avalanche photodiode and to compensate for the current power supply voltage provided by the avalanche photodiode, thereby solving the technical problem of the existing high-voltage reverse bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes not being able to provide the power supply voltage based on the current temperature and actual power supply conditions.

[0016] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a high-voltage reverse bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0019] Figure 2The diagram shows a high-voltage reverse bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes according to an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 3 A diagram showing the conversion relationship between the first analog voltage and the target supply voltage provided in the embodiments of this application is shown.

[0021] Figure 4 The diagram showing the conversion relationship between the first analog voltage and the target supply voltage under a first temperature environment provided in the embodiments of this application is illustrated.

[0022] Figure 5 The diagram showing the conversion relationship between the first analog voltage and the target supply voltage under a second temperature environment provided in the embodiments of this application is illustrated.

[0023] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates the conversion relationship between the first analog voltage and the target supply voltage under a third temperature environment, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the alternating current output of the avalanche photodiode provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings in this application are for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Furthermore, it should be understood that the schematic drawings are not drawn to scale. The flowcharts used in this application illustrate operations implemented according to some embodiments of this application. It should be understood that the operations in the flowcharts may not be implemented in sequence, and steps without logical contextual relationships may be reversed or implemented simultaneously. In addition, those skilled in the art, guided by the content of this application, may add one or more other operations to the flowcharts, or remove one or more operations from the flowcharts.

[0026] Furthermore, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. The components of the embodiments of this application described and illustrated herein can typically be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] In existing technologies, when avalanche photodiodes are applied in high-precision measurement, conventional fixed high-voltage power supply schemes lack temperature compensation mechanisms. When the operating temperature fluctuates, the operating point of the avalanche photodiode shifts significantly, and the avalanche gain fluctuates wildly, leading to drastic fluctuations in the amplitude of the light signal collected by the grating. Since gain fluctuations directly affect the accuracy of high-precision displacement measurement, displacement compensation is required for error correction, resulting in poor consistency in equipment detection and affecting measurement accuracy. Most open-loop power supply circuits lack real-time high-voltage feedback, making it impossible to self-check the actual output voltage deviation and correct voltage drift caused by line voltage drop and device aging, resulting in insufficient long-term operational stability. Traditional circuit parameters are fixed and do not support remote parameter configuration, making it impossible to flexibly adjust the operating high voltage according to different optical path intensities, different specifications of avalanche photodiodes, and different measurement accuracy levels, resulting in extremely poor equipment versatility and adaptability. Existing technologies mostly use single-variable control, with only single voltage regulation or single temperature compensation, failing to coordinate the linkage between the host computer setting target, real-time high-voltage status, and device operating temperature. The control logic is one-sided, the overall compensation effect is poor, and it is difficult to meet the sub-micron level high-precision grating measurement conditions.

[0028] Based on this, this application provides a high-voltage reverse-bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes. A reference configuration module is set in the power supply circuit to receive the target voltage digital signal supplied by the host computer to the avalanche photodiode and convert it into its corresponding analog reference voltage. A multi-parameter compensation module is set to perform temperature compensation on the current junction temperature of the avalanche photodiode and to compensate for the current supply voltage supplied by the avalanche photodiode to obtain the current compensated voltage. A drive module is set to receive a preset supply voltage and provide the compensated target supply voltage to the avalanche photodiode according to the received current compensated voltage. This provides the avalanche photodiode with a temperature-compensated supply voltage that is adjusted based on the current power supply conditions. This solves the technical problem in the prior art that high-voltage reverse-bias circuits for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes cannot refer to the current temperature and the actual power supply conditions to provide the supply voltage, thus achieving the technical effect of improving the gain accuracy of the avalanche photodiode. Specifically: Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-voltage reverse-bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of an avalanche photodiode, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1As shown in the embodiment of this application, the high-voltage reverse bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes includes: a reference configuration module 101, used to receive a target voltage digital signal provided by a host computer and convert the target voltage digital signal into a corresponding analog reference voltage, wherein the target voltage digital signal depends on the intensity of the light signal received by the avalanche photodiode; a multi-parameter compensation module 102, used to acquire the current junction temperature of the avalanche photodiode and the current supply voltage provided to the avalanche photodiode, and to perform voltage compensation on the current junction temperature and the current supply voltage according to the analog reference voltage to provide a current compensation voltage; and a driving module 103, used to receive a preset supply voltage V0 and to provide a compensated target supply voltage for the avalanche photodiode according to the current compensation voltage.

[0029] The host computer determines the target voltage digital signal based on the intensity of the light signal currently received by the avalanche photodiode. The target voltage digital signal is used to indicate the target supply voltage of the avalanche photodiode that matches the intensity of the current light signal. The greater the intensity of the light signal currently received by the avalanche photodiode, the smaller the target supply voltage indicated by the target voltage digital signal. That is, the intensity of the light signal currently received by the avalanche photodiode and the target supply voltage indicated by the target voltage digital signal are inversely proportional.

[0030] For details, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a high-voltage reverse-bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the reference configuration module 101 includes: a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) chip, used to receive the target voltage digital signal and convert the target voltage digital signal into a corresponding first analog voltage; a reference voltage regulator unit U1, used to regulate the first analog voltage to provide a second analog voltage; and a filter unit 1011, used to filter the second analog voltage to provide the analog reference voltage.

[0031] In other words, different target supply voltages correspond to different first analog voltages. The target supply voltage and its corresponding first analog voltage are pre-calibrated, or in other words, a lookup table of target supply voltage and first analog voltage is pre-built, and the target supply voltage and the first analog voltage in the lookup table correspond one-to-one.

[0032] Furthermore, the host computer sends the target voltage digital signal via serial port or bus communication. The digital-to-analog converter chip, by pre-constructing a lookup table between the target supply voltage and the first analog voltage, converts the target supply voltage indicated by the target voltage digital signal into a low-ripple, highly stable, continuous first analog voltage. The reference voltage regulator unit performs voltage regulation processing according to the received first analog voltage and then outputs the regulated second analog voltage. A filtering unit is also configured to filter the second analog voltage to provide the analog reference voltage input to the multi-parameter compensation module. Additionally, the host computer can indicate the target supply voltage according to the intensity of the optical signal, so that the reference configuration module can provide an analog reference voltage matching the target supply voltage.

[0033] Furthermore, the analog-to-digital converter chip and the host computer can transmit data via Controller Area Network (CAN), Ethernet, and other communication methods, enabling remote centralized management and control of multiple devices in a network. The reference voltage regulator unit can directly select any existing voltage regulator circuit; that is, the reference voltage regulator unit only needs to provide a second analog voltage.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the filter unit 1011 selects two resistor-capacitor (RC) filter structures to eliminate oscillations, and a multi-parameter compensation module is connected between the two RC filter structures to provide an analog reference voltage to the multi-parameter compensation module.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, the multi-parameter compensation module 102 includes: a first operational amplifier topology 1021, used to acquire the current device junction temperature and the current supply voltage and output an initial compensation voltage to compensate the current device junction temperature and the current supply voltage; and a second operational amplifier topology 1022, used to receive the initial compensation voltage and the analog reference voltage and output the current compensation voltage through differential superposition operation.

[0036] Specifically, the first operational amplifier topology 1021 includes a temperature sensor T1, a first operational amplifier U2, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, and a first capacitor C1. The temperature sensor is disposed on the casing of the avalanche photodiode to acquire the current junction temperature of the device. One end of the first resistor is connected to the temperature sensor, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the first capacitor and one end of the second resistor. The other end of the second resistor is connected to one end of the third resistor and the first input terminal of the first operational amplifier, with the other end of the third resistor grounded (GND). One end of the fourth resistor is connected to the avalanche photodiode to acquire the current supply voltage V, and the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to one end of the fifth resistor and the second input terminal of the first operational amplifier, with the other end of the fifth resistor grounded. The sixth resistor is disposed between the first input terminal and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier is used to provide an initial compensation voltage.

[0037] The temperature sensor is attached to the outer casing of the avalanche photodiode to collect the current junction temperature of the device in real time. It then linearly converts the detected junction temperature into a corresponding analog voltage signal, which is transmitted to the first resistor and the first capacitor. The temperature sensor can be a thermistor, a digital temperature sensor, etc., and can also transmit the temperature data to a host computer for recording.

[0038] In this design, the first operational amplifier has a negative input terminal and a positive input terminal. A first resistor and a first capacitor form an RC filter structure to filter the output signal from the temperature sensor. The second and third resistors are precision low-temperature drift resistors; their resistance values ​​are set to configure a fixed amplification factor, enabling linear amplification of the analog voltage signal corresponding to the current device junction temperature. This compensates for gain changes caused by junction temperature variations in the avalanche photodiode. The fourth and fifth resistors acquire the current supply voltage and feed it back to the operational amplifier in the power supply circuit. The sixth resistor acts as the feedback resistor for the operational amplifier, forming a negative feedback loop to control closed-loop gain, stabilize the operating point, expand bandwidth, and reduce nonlinear distortion.

[0039] Furthermore, the first operational amplifier topology is used to output an initial compensation voltage that is proportional to the current junction temperature of the avalanche photodiode. The first operational amplifier continuously compares the current supply voltage with the analog voltage signal corresponding to the current junction temperature after compensation, and outputs an initial compensation voltage to reflect the difference between the two and achieve temperature compensation.

[0040] Specifically, such as Figure 2As shown, the second operational amplifier topology 1022 includes a second operational amplifier U3, a seventh resistor R7, and an eighth resistor R8. One end of the seventh resistor is connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the other end of the seventh resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the second operational amplifier. The second input terminal of the second operational amplifier is used to connect to the reference configuration module to receive the analog reference voltage. The eighth resistor is disposed between the first input terminal and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier. The output terminal of the second operational amplifier is used to provide the current compensation voltage.

[0041] In other words, the initial compensation voltage depends on the current device junction temperature and the current supply voltage circuit. The second operational amplifier topology performs differential superposition operations on the analog reference voltage, the current device junction temperature, and the current supply voltage. The analog reference voltage corresponding to the target voltage digital signal provided by the host computer is used as the reference voltage. The addition and differential operation logic is implemented according to the circuit design to automatically output the current compensation voltage. This current compensation voltage is used to compensate for the current device junction temperature and to make the current supply voltage approach the target supply voltage corresponding to the analog reference voltage, thus reducing the difference between the current supply voltage and the target supply voltage. When the current device junction temperature rises in real time, the gain of the avalanche photodiode decreases, and the supply voltage should be increased to compensate for the breakdown voltage. Similarly, when the current supply voltage is too low, the supply voltage should also be increased to reduce the difference between the current supply voltage and the target supply voltage, achieving closed-loop correction. Furthermore, by constructing a specific circuit structure for the multi-parameter compensation module, closed-loop feedback for the supply voltage and temperature compensation for the avalanche photodiode are achieved without involving program control, avoiding the delay and quantization errors caused by program control.

[0042] The multi-parameter compensation module incorporates key factors affecting high-voltage bias data, abandoning traditional single-variable voltage regulation schemes to achieve analog closed-loop control of the reference voltage, temperature compensation, and high-voltage feedback. The entire process is implemented in hardware, offering fast response and low latency. This processing addresses the issue of temperature variations affecting the bias stability of the avalanche photodiode's operating point voltage, improving bias stability and thus gain stability. The temperature sensor's acquisition range should at least cover the temperature variation range of the avalanche photodiode during operation; the temperature sensor's acquisition range is typically between 20°C and 55°C, and the analog-to-digital converter chip typically has a 12-bit quantization bit.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, the multi-parameter compensation module 102 further includes a matching module 1023, which is used to provide a bias voltage at the static operating point to raise the current compensation voltage and adapt the current compensation voltage to the input requirements of the drive module.

[0044] Specifically, the matching module 1023 includes a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, and an eleventh resistor R11. One end of the ninth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the second operational amplifier, and the other end of the ninth resistor is disposed between the tenth resistor and the eleventh resistor. The tenth resistor is connected to the first power supply V1, and the eleventh resistor is grounded.

[0045] In other words, a bias voltage for the static operating point is provided by setting a tenth resistor and an eleventh resistor between the first power supply and the ground terminal, and connecting the second transistor of the drive module between the tenth and eleventh resistors. When the power supply circuit is working, the bias voltage is superimposed with the current compensation voltage provided by the multi-parameter compensation module to drive the control terminal of the second transistor. Since the current compensation voltage fluctuates according to temperature compensation and the current supply voltage, the voltage after the bias voltage and the current compensation voltage are superimposed will also fluctuate, thereby controlling the switching amplitude of the second transistor to change. The drive module can provide the target supply voltage when the switching amplitude of the second transistor changes. When the power supply circuit is not working, the control terminal of the second transistor is driven only by the bias voltage. The control terminal of the second transistor does not receive fluctuation signals, so the switching amplitude of the second transistor is constant, and the drive module does not provide the target supply voltage.

[0046] Furthermore, by designing the resistance value of the ninth resistor to match the bias voltage of the static operating point, the turn-on voltage of the second transistor is adapted to avoid the second transistor's switching amplitude not changing due to the voltage received at the control terminal being too low, thus affecting the normal power supply of the power supply circuit.

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, the high-voltage reverse bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes further includes: an isolation feedback module 104, used to step down the current supply voltage and provide the processed current supply voltage to the multi-parameter compensation module, and to superimpose the processed current supply voltage with the current compensation voltage to provide it to the drive module to avoid delay.

[0048] Specifically, the isolation feedback module includes a twelfth resistor R12, a thirteenth resistor R13, a fourteenth resistor R14, and a first transistor Q1. One end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the avalanche photodiode, and the other end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the input terminal of the first transistor and the multi-parameter compensation module. The output terminal of the first transistor is connected to the driving module, and the control terminal of the first transistor is connected between the thirteenth resistor and the fourteenth resistor. The thirteenth resistor is connected to the second power supply V2, and the fourteenth resistor is grounded.

[0049] The twelfth resistor is used to reduce the current supply voltage. By adjusting the resistance value of the twelfth resistor, the current supply voltage after voltage reduction is adapted to the working requirements of the input terminal of the first operational amplifier of the multi-parameter compensation module, so as to avoid damage to the electronic components of the circuit due to the high current supply voltage, and to provide electrical isolation and suppress the influence of high voltage interference on the circuit.

[0050] The thirteenth and fourteenth resistors are used to divide the second power supply to keep the first transistor constantly conducting. Thus, when the current power supply voltage fluctuates frequently, if the multi-parameter compensation module has a delay, the current power supply voltage fluctuation can be fed back to the control terminal of the drive module through the conducting first transistor, so that the drive module can provide the corresponding target power supply voltage according to the current power supply voltage fluctuation.

[0051] For example, the first power supply and the second power supply can be designed according to the actual circuit requirements. The voltages provided by the first power supply and the second power supply can be the same or different, and this application does not limit this.

[0052] like Figure 2As shown, the driving module 103 includes a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6, a seventh capacitor C7, an eighth capacitor C8, a ninth capacitor C9, a tenth capacitor C10, a fifteenth resistor R15, a sixteenth resistor R16, a seventeenth resistor R17, a second transistor Q2, a first diode D1, a second diode D2, a third diode D3, and a fourth diode D4. One end of the fifteenth resistor is connected to the avalanche photodiode and one end of the second capacitor, the other end of the second capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the fifteenth resistor is connected to the isolation feedback module. One end of the first inductor is connected to the preset supply voltage V0, and the other end of the first inductor is connected to one end of the second inductor, one end of the third capacitor, and one end of the fourth capacitor. The other end of the third capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the fourth capacitor is connected to one end of the sixteenth resistor, one end of the fifth capacitor, and... The output terminal of the second transistor is connected to the other end of the sixteenth resistor, which is grounded. The other end of the fifth capacitor is connected to the input terminal of the second transistor, the other end of the second inductor, one end of the sixth capacitor, and one end of the seventh capacitor. The control terminal of the second transistor is connected to one end of the eighth capacitor and one end of the seventeenth resistor. The other end of the seventeenth resistor is connected to the multi-parameter compensation module to receive the current compensation voltage. The other end of the eighth capacitor is grounded. The other end of the sixth capacitor is connected to the anode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode. The anode of the second diode is connected to the cathode of the third diode and one end of the ninth capacitor. The other end of the ninth capacitor is grounded. The cathode of the first diode is connected to one end of the tenth capacitor and the avalanche photodiode. The other end of the tenth capacitor is grounded. One end of the seventh capacitor is connected to the anode of the third diode and the cathode of the fourth diode. The anode of the fourth diode is grounded.

[0053] In other words, the fifteenth resistor and the second capacitor act as an RC filter structure to eliminate oscillations, thereby filtering the target supply voltage to the avalanche photodiode. The seventeenth resistor and one end of the eighth capacitor also act as an RC filter structure to eliminate oscillations, thereby filtering the voltage supplied to the control terminal of the second transistor. The sixteenth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the second transistor, acting as a pull-up resistor to raise the voltage.

[0054] The first and second inductors are used to obtain electrical energy from a preset supply voltage for energy storage. Each capacitor charges and discharges. When the voltage received by the control terminal of the second transistor fluctuates, the switching degree of the second transistor changes. The sixth and seventh capacitors alternately charge and discharge to provide a compensated target supply voltage to the avalanche photodiode. For example, the preset supply voltage ranges from 45 volts to 55 volts.

[0055] Furthermore, the drive module, through a transistor, a sixteenth resistor, and a high-frequency decoupling capacitor, receives the dynamic control level output from the second operational amplifier topology to provide a reverse bias high voltage that satisfies the avalanche range of the avalanche photodiode. Employing a low-ripple linear drive topology, it suppresses high-frequency switching noise, has strong load-carrying capacity, and produces a clean output waveform. This effectively avoids avalanche gain jitter caused by high-voltage ripple, ensuring stable amplitude of the photoelectric conversion signal.

[0056] The drive module can be replaced by an isolated switching high-voltage circuit to adapt to special operating conditions with high power and wide voltage regulation.

[0057] Please see Figures 3 to 6 , Figure 3 This is a conversion diagram of the first analog voltage and the target supply voltage provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 This is a conversion diagram of the first analog voltage and the target supply voltage under a first temperature environment, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 This is a conversion diagram of the first analog voltage and the target supply voltage under a second temperature environment provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 This is a conversion diagram of the first analog voltage and the target supply voltage under a third temperature environment, provided as an embodiment of this application. That is, as... Figures 3 to 6 As shown, the horizontal axis represents the target voltage digital signal converted to analog voltage to obtain the first analog voltage, and the vertical axis represents the target supply voltage that actually supplies power to the avalanche photodiode. Figure 3 This describes the conversion relationship between the target supply voltage and the first analog voltage of a digital-to-analog converter chip without considering temperature compensation. Figure 4 This describes the conversion relationship between the first analog voltage (300 mV) output by the temperature sensor and the target power supply voltage actually provided by the drive module. Figure 5 This describes the conversion relationship between the first analog voltage (600 mV) output by the temperature sensor and the target power supply voltage actually provided by the drive module. Figure 6This describes the conversion relationship between the first analog voltage and the target supply voltage actually provided by the drive module when the analog voltage signal output by the temperature sensor is 0 millivolts. Because the power supply circuit of this application includes a multi-parameter compensation module, considering temperature compensation and closed-loop feedback, the power supply circuit can still adaptively correct the final actual target supply voltage and meet the linearity requirement.

[0058] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the AC output of the avalanche photodiode provided in the embodiments of this application. Even when the peak-to-peak value of the received optical signal is 0.05 microwatts (μW), the avalanche photodiode can convert a weak optical signal into an amplified electrical signal, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the electrical signal strength output by the avalanche photodiode. In other words, even with a weak light signal, by providing a high target supply voltage as a reverse bias voltage to the avalanche photodiode using this circuit configuration, the avalanche photodiode can effectively amplify the signal and output a stable electrical signal for subsequent processing.

[0059] Furthermore, the power supply circuit of this application is designed with an analog closed-loop architecture under the premise of closed-loop control logic. By designing a host computer and a digital-to-analog converter chip to provide a reference voltage, and adjusting the battery resistance connected to the input terminals of the first and second operational amplifiers, temperature compensation and power supply feedback can be achieved to realize intelligent voltage regulation, without involving complex data signal processing and avoiding data delay. In this way, unlike traditional single-variable voltage regulation technology, temperature drift changes are incorporated, and the high voltage output is fed back to comprehensively suppress the high voltage drift of avalanche photodiodes. Error correction and temperature compensation can be completed synchronously without a digital processor, with fast response speed and no quantization error. The host computer can remotely configure and regulate the voltage, which can dynamically match the measurement requirements of precision measurement components such as interferometers under extreme measurement conditions. It is compatible with complex conditions such as high dynamic range, large stroke, and large rotation angle, and is also compatible with multiple types of avalanche photodiodes, with strong scalability.

[0060] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems and devices described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here. In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division; in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. Furthermore, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some communication interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0061] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0062] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0063] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a processor-executable, non-volatile, computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0064] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-voltage reverse-biased circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes, characterized in that, The high-voltage reverse-bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes includes: The reference configuration module is used to receive the target voltage digital signal provided by the host computer and convert the target voltage digital signal into a corresponding analog reference voltage. The target voltage digital signal depends on the intensity of the light signal received by the avalanche photodiode. The multi-parameter compensation module is used to acquire the current junction temperature of the avalanche photodiode and the current supply voltage supplied to the avalanche photodiode, and to perform voltage compensation on the current junction temperature and the current supply voltage according to the analog reference voltage to provide a current compensation voltage; The driving module is used to receive a preset power supply voltage and provide a target power supply voltage after compensation for the avalanche photodiode according to the current compensation voltage.

2. The high-voltage reverse-bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-parameter compensation module includes: The first operational amplifier topology is used to acquire the current device junction temperature and the current supply voltage and output an initial compensation voltage to compensate for the current device junction temperature and the current supply voltage; The second operational amplifier topology is used to receive the initial compensation voltage and the analog reference voltage and output the current compensation voltage through differential superposition operation.

3. The high-voltage reverse-bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The multi-parameter compensation module also includes: A matching module is used to provide a bias voltage at the static operating point to raise the current compensation voltage and adapt the current compensation voltage to the input requirements of the drive module.

4. The high-voltage reverse-bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage reverse-bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes also includes: An isolation feedback module is used to step down the current supply voltage and provide the processed current supply voltage to the multi-parameter compensation module, and to superimpose the processed current supply voltage with the current compensation voltage to provide it to the drive module to avoid delay.

5. The high-voltage reverse-bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The baseline configuration module includes: A digital-to-analog converter chip is used to receive the target voltage digital signal and convert the target voltage digital signal into a corresponding first analog voltage; A reference voltage regulator unit is used to regulate the first analog voltage to provide a second analog voltage; A filtering unit is used to filter the second analog voltage to provide the analog reference voltage.

6. The high-voltage reverse-bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first operational amplifier topology includes a temperature sensor, a first operational amplifier, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, and a first capacitor. The temperature sensor is mounted on the casing of the avalanche photodiode to collect the current junction temperature of the device. One end of the first resistor is connected to the temperature sensor, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the first capacitor and one end of the second resistor. The other end of the second resistor is connected to one end of the third resistor and the first input terminal of the first operational amplifier. The other end of the third resistor is grounded. One end of the fourth resistor is connected to the avalanche photodiode to collect the current supply voltage. The other end of the fourth resistor is connected to one end of the fifth resistor and the second input terminal of the first operational amplifier. The other end of the fifth resistor is grounded. The sixth resistor is placed between the first input terminal and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier. The output terminal of the first operational amplifier is used to provide the initial compensation voltage.

7. The high-voltage reverse-bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second operational amplifier topology includes a second operational amplifier, a seventh resistor, and an eighth resistor. Wherein, one end of the seventh resistor is connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier, and the other end of the seventh resistor is connected to the first input terminal of the second operational amplifier. The second input terminal of the second operational amplifier is used to connect to the reference configuration module to receive the analog reference voltage. The eighth resistor is disposed between the first input terminal and the output terminal of the second operational amplifier. The output terminal of the second operational amplifier is used to provide the current compensation voltage.

8. The high-voltage reverse-bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The matching module includes a ninth resistor, a tenth resistor, and an eleventh resistor. Wherein, one end of the ninth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the second operational amplifier, and the other end of the ninth resistor is disposed between the tenth resistor and the eleventh resistor. The tenth resistor is connected to the first power supply, and the eleventh resistor is grounded.

9. The high-voltage reverse-bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The isolation feedback module includes a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, and a first transistor. Wherein, one end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the avalanche photodiode, the other end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the input terminal of the first transistor and the multi-parameter compensation module, the output terminal of the first transistor is connected to the driving module, the control terminal of the first transistor is connected between the thirteenth resistor and the fourteenth resistor, the thirteenth resistor is connected to the second power supply, and the fourteenth resistor is grounded.

10. The high-voltage reverse-bias circuit for automatically compensating for the temperature drift effect of avalanche photodiodes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving module includes a first inductor, a second inductor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, an eighth capacitor, a ninth capacitor, a tenth capacitor, a fifteenth resistor, a sixteenth resistor, a seventeenth resistor, a second transistor, a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, and a fourth diode. In this configuration, one end of the fifteenth resistor is connected to the avalanche photodiode and one end of the second capacitor, the other end of the second capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the fifteenth resistor is connected to the isolation feedback module. One end of the first inductor is connected to the preset power supply voltage, and the other end of the first inductor is connected to one end of the second inductor, one end of the third capacitor, and one end of the fourth capacitor. The other end of the third capacitor is grounded. The other end of the fourth capacitor is connected to one end of the sixteenth resistor, one end of the fifth capacitor, and the output terminal of the second transistor. The other end of the sixteenth resistor is grounded. The other end of the fifth capacitor is connected to the input terminal of the second transistor, the other end of the second inductor, one end of the sixth capacitor, and one end of the seventh capacitor. The control terminal of the second transistor is connected to one end of the eighth capacitor and one end of the seventeenth resistor. The other end of the seventeenth resistor is connected to the multi-parameter compensation module to receive the current compensation voltage, and the other end of the eighth capacitor is grounded. The other end of the sixth capacitor is connected to the anode of the first diode and the cathode of the second diode. The anode of the second diode is connected to the cathode of the third diode and one end of the ninth capacitor. The other end of the ninth capacitor is grounded. The cathode of the first diode is connected to one end of the tenth capacitor and the avalanche photodiode. The other end of the tenth capacitor is grounded. One end of the seventh capacitor is connected to the anode of the third diode and the cathode of the fourth diode, and the anode of the fourth diode is grounded.

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