Tree diameter, height intelligent rapid mapping device and automatic data processing platform

Abstract

The application discloses a tree breast height, tree height intelligent rapid surveying and mapping device and an automatic data processing platform, and relates to the technical field of forest resource investigation and forestry surveying and mapping. The handheld measuring host is provided with a handle on the bottom surface, and the bottom end of the handle is provided with a storage battery. The handheld measuring host is integrated with an image acquisition module, a posture sensing module, a laser ranging module, a touch control screen, and a GPS / Beidou positioning module, a central processing unit and a wireless communication module located in the interior of the handheld measuring host. The application realizes non-contact breast height and tree height measurement through the deep integration of the image acquisition module, the posture sensing module, the laser ranging module and the central processing unit, avoids damage to the tree bark, and eliminates the safety risk of climbing measurement. Through laser ranging and image recognition double verification and posture compensation, the breast height measurement precision is significantly improved, and the device is suitable for complex outdoor environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forest resource survey and forestry surveying technology, specifically to an intelligent rapid surveying device for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height, and an automated data processing platform. Background Technology

[0002] In forest resource surveys and site quality assessments, diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height are the most fundamental measurement factors, and their accuracy directly affects the scientific validity of stand volume estimation, growth model construction, and management decisions. Currently, DBH measurement typically uses a measuring tape or diameter measuring rod, with workers manually wrapping it around the trunk to read the circumference and then converting it to diameter. This method is not only slow and labor-intensive, but also requires a significant amount of manpower for large-scale plot surveys. Tree height measurement often uses equipment such as theodolites, altimeters, or ultrasonic altimeters, which require multiple people to operate, are complex, and often necessitate climbing or observing at an upward angle for tall trees, posing safety hazards.

[0003] Current measurement methods generally rely on manual reading, recording, and subsequent data entry and processing, which is prone to reading errors, recording mistakes, and inconsistent data formats, making it difficult to achieve rapid, batch, and spatial forest resource information collection and management. In addition, contact measurement can cause mechanical damage to tree bark, increasing the risk of trees being infected with diseases and pests, which does not meet ecological protection requirements.

[0004] To address this, an intelligent rapid mapping device for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height, along with an automated data processing platform, was proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems mentioned in the background section by providing an intelligent and rapid surveying device for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height, as well as an automated data processing platform.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solution: A smart rapid mapping device for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height includes a handheld measuring host. The handheld measuring host has a handle on its bottom surface, and a battery is located at the bottom of the handle. The handheld measuring host integrates an image acquisition module, an attitude sensing module, a laser ranging module, a touch control screen, and internal GPS / BeiDou positioning module, a central processing unit, and a wireless communication module. The central processing unit executes DBH measurement algorithms and tree height measurement algorithms. The DBH measurement is based on dual verification of laser ranging data and image recognition, along with attitude compensation. The tree height measurement is based on the attitude angle principle of dual-angle laser ranging. The wireless communication module uploads the measurement data to a cloud-based automated data processing platform.

[0007] Furthermore, the handheld measuring host can also be equipped with an electronic aiming device, a laser pointer, and a foldable support frame; used to assist the operator in quickly aligning the tree to be measured with its breast height and the top of its crown, confirming the measurement alignment, and unfolding the support frame during measurement.

[0008] Furthermore, the diameter at breast height (DBH) measurement algorithm measures the distance D from the laser ranging module to the surface at the DBH position of the trunk. The image acquisition module acquires an image containing the DBH region of the trunk, and the attitude sensing module records the current pitch angle α and roll angle β. The central processing unit performs image preprocessing, edge detection, trunk edge fitting, and pixel width calculation on the acquired image. It combines the distance D and the field of view parameters of the image acquisition module to calculate the actual width W_actual, and performs attitude compensation based on the pitch angle α and roll angle β. The final DBH value is DBH = W_actual × cos(α) × cos(β).

[0009] Furthermore, the tree height measurement algorithm measures the straight-line distance L1 from the laser ranging module to the tree base and the straight-line distance L2 from the laser ranging module to the tree top, and the attitude sensing module records the corresponding pitch angles θ1 and θ2; the central processing unit calculates the tree height according to the formula H=L2×sin(θ2)-L1×sin(θ1)+h_device, where h_device is the height of the device's measurement reference point from the ground.

[0010] Furthermore, the touch control screen is equipped with a virtual measurement trigger button. By pressing the virtual measurement trigger button or the physical measurement trigger button on the handheld measurement host, a one-click quick measurement mode can be activated. In this mode, the laser ranging module and the attitude sensing module continuously collect data at a sampling frequency of not less than 10Hz; the operator moves the device from the base of the tree along the trunk at a constant speed to the top of the canopy; the central processing unit analyzes the data stream in real time, automatically identifies the base position, breast height position, and top position, and simultaneously completes the calculation of diameter at breast height and tree height.

[0011] Furthermore, in the one-click rapid measurement mode, the central processing unit automatically marks the starting position of the tree crown by detecting the inflection point where the distance data changes from small to large and then back to small. After detecting that the pitch angle has reached its maximum value, it starts to decrease and automatically marks the position of the tree top. At the position calculated by the device height and pitch angle at a height of 1.3m above the ground, the diameter at breast height measurement is automatically triggered.

[0012] Furthermore, the wireless communication module supports dual-mode communication of Bluetooth 5.0 and Wi-Fi. Measurement data is uploaded in the following ways: when the device is within Wi-Fi coverage, the measurement data is uploaded to the cloud platform in real time via the wireless network; when there is no network connection, the measurement data is stored in the device's local memory and automatically uploaded after the network is restored; it also supports near-field transmission of data via Bluetooth to the accompanying mobile terminal APP for preview.

[0013] An automated data processing platform for intelligent and rapid mapping of tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height, including: The data receiving and parsing module is used to receive measurement data uploaded by the intelligent rapid mapping device for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height. The database management module is used to store the parsed measurement data. The encapsulation format of the measurement data includes: Equipment number, surveyor identification, measurement timestamp, GPS coordinates, diameter at breast height (DBH) value, tree height value, device attitude parameters, measurement batch number, and data quality score; The data quality control module is used to automatically perform integrity checks, reasonableness checks, and consistency checks on the uploaded measurement data. Measurement data that fails the checks is automatically marked as pending review and pushed to the review queue. The data statistical analysis module is used to calculate the average diameter at breast height (DBH), average tree height, DBH basal area, stand volume, and diameter class distribution, and to generate statistical reports and visualization charts. The map visualization module uses GPS coordinates to mark measurement data on an electronic map, enabling spatial display and management of forest resources. The multi-terminal access interface provides a web management backend, a mobile APP, and a RESTful API interface, supporting users with different roles to access and call data according to their permissions.

[0014] Furthermore, the data quality control module of the cloud-based automated data processing platform automatically performs the following checks: integrity check, verifying whether the required fields of the measurement data are complete; reasonableness check, verifying whether the diameter at breast height (DBH) is within the range of 0.5–500cm, the tree height is within the range of 0.5–80m, and the ratio of tree height to DBH is within a reasonable range; consistency check, verifying whether the deviation between multiple measurements of the same tree exceeds a set threshold; measurement data that fails the checks are automatically marked as pending review and pushed to the review queue.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Through the deep integration of image acquisition, attitude sensing, laser ranging, and central processing units, non-contact diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height measurements are achieved, avoiding damage to tree bark and eliminating the safety risks associated with climbing measurements. Dual verification via laser ranging and image recognition, along with attitude compensation, significantly improves DBH measurement accuracy and adapts to complex field environments. A one-click rapid measurement mode combines DBH and tree height measurements into a single continuous scan, greatly improving field efficiency. Wi-Fi / Bluetooth dual-mode communication and a local cache synchronization mechanism ensure that measurement data is not lost and can be automatically uploaded even in offline environments. A cloud-based automated data processing platform enables automatic data quality control, statistical analysis, map visualization, and multi-device sharing. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a rear view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of tree diameter at breast height (DBH) measurement in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the tree height measurement principle of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the rapid measurement mode operation of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating the data transmission and synchronization mode of this invention; Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the data detection process of this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the diameter at breast height (DBH) calculation algorithm of this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the tree height (H) calculation algorithm of the present invention; Reference numerals: 1. Handheld measuring unit; 2. Handle; 3. Battery; 4. Image acquisition module; 5. Attitude sensing module; 6. Laser ranging module; 7. Touch control screen. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0018] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0019] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inner", "outer", "upper", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the intelligent rapid mapping device and automated data processing platform for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height include a handheld measuring host 1, a handle 2 on the bottom of the handheld measuring host 1, and a battery 3 at the bottom of the handle 2. The handheld measuring host 1 integrates an image acquisition module 4, an attitude sensing module 5, a laser ranging module 6, a touch control screen 7, and a GPS / BeiDou positioning module, a central processing unit, and a wireless communication module located inside the handheld measuring host 1. The central processing unit executes the DBH measurement algorithm and the tree height measurement algorithm. The DBH measurement is based on the dual verification and attitude compensation of laser ranging data and image recognition, while the tree height measurement is based on the attitude angle principle of dual-angle laser ranging. The wireless communication module uploads the measurement data to the cloud-based automated data processing platform.

[0022] The handheld measuring host 1 can also be equipped with an electronic aiming device, a laser pointer, and a foldable support frame; these are used to assist the operator in quickly aligning the height at breast height and the top of the canopy of the tree to be measured, confirming the measurement alignment, and unfolding the support frame during measurement.

[0023] The diameter at breast height (DBH) measurement algorithm measures the distance D from the laser ranging module 6 to the surface at the DBH position of the trunk. The image acquisition module 4 acquires an image containing the DBH region of the trunk, and the attitude sensing module 5 records the current pitch angle α and roll angle β. The central processing unit performs image preprocessing, edge detection, trunk edge fitting, and pixel width calculation on the acquired image. It combines the distance D and the field of view parameters of the image acquisition module 4 to calculate the actual width W_actual, and performs attitude compensation based on the pitch angle α and roll angle β. The final DBH value is DBH = W_actual × cos(α) × cos(β).

[0024] More specifically, the distance D provided by the laser ranging module 6 serves as a proportional reference for image pixel scale conversion, ensuring accurate calculation of the actual width even when the device is at different distances from the tree trunk. The α and β recorded by the attitude sensing module 5 are used to compensate for the contraction of the tree trunk width projected onto the image plane due to device tilt, thus restoring the true diameter at breast height even under non-directly facing conditions. Simultaneously, through mutual verification of laser ranging data and image recognition results, when the deviation between the two exceeds a set threshold, the central processing unit 9 can automatically prompt for remeasurement, avoiding erroneous data generated when a single sensor is affected by interference such as lighting or occlusion.

[0025] The tree height measurement algorithm measures the straight-line distance L1 from the device to the tree base and the straight-line distance L2 from the device to the tree top through the laser ranging module 6. The attitude sensing module 5 records the corresponding pitch angles θ1 and θ2. The central processing unit calculates the tree height according to the formula H=L2×sin(θ2)-L1×sin(θ1)+h_device, where h_device is the height of the device's measurement reference point from the ground.

[0026] More specifically, by measuring the distance and angle at two target points—the tree base and the treetop—the slope distance is decomposed into a vertical component. The difference between the two vertical components, plus the height of the device's reference point above the ground, equals the tree height. This eliminates the need to measure the horizontal distance from the device to the trunk or the horizontal projection of the tree base, making it suitable for forests with steep slopes. Simultaneously, the attitude sensing module 5 and the laser ranging module 6 sample synchronously, ensuring that the angle and distance data are matched in time, preventing measurement asynchrony caused by operator hand movements. This algorithm requires only two measurement points to calculate the tree height, making it highly efficient and adaptable.

[0027] The touch control screen 7 is equipped with a virtual measurement trigger button. The one-click quick measurement mode is activated by pressing the virtual measurement trigger button or the physical measurement trigger button on the handheld measurement host 1. In this mode, the laser ranging module 6 and the attitude sensing module 5 continuously collect data at a sampling frequency of not less than 10Hz. The operator moves the device from the base of the tree to the top of the canopy at a constant speed along the trunk. The central processing unit analyzes the data stream in real time, automatically identifies the base position, height at breast height (DBH) position, and top position, and simultaneously calculates the DBH and tree height.

[0028] More specifically, the one-click measurement combines the data acquisition process required for diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height measurements into a single scanning action. Operators no longer need to aim at DBH and treetop separately for two independent measurements, significantly reducing field measurement time. The high-frequency sampling of the laser ranging module 6 and attitude sensing module 5 (at least 10Hz) ensures that continuous changes in the scanning trajectory are fully recorded. The central processing unit 9 can accurately lock DBH and treetop feature points based on the temporal relationship between distance and angle. Simultaneously, the dual triggering method of virtual and physical buttons on the touch control screen 7 adapts to different operating habits, allowing for reliable measurement in gloved or rainy conditions.

[0029] In the one-click rapid measurement mode, the central processing unit automatically marks the starting position of the tree crown by detecting the inflection point where the distance data changes from small to large and then back to small. After detecting that the pitch angle has reached its maximum value, it starts to decrease and automatically marks the position of the tree top. At the position calculated by the device height and pitch angle at a height of 1.3m above the ground, the diameter at breast height (DBH) measurement is automatically triggered.

[0030] More specifically, the variation characteristics of the distance data reflect the geometric differences between the trunk and the crown: the distance between the trunk segments is gradual, and the inflection point where the distance suddenly increases at the beginning of the crown is the starting position of the crown; the pitch angle reaches its maximum value when aiming at the treetop, and the moment it begins to decrease after sweeping over the treetop is the position of the treetop; during the scanning process, the height of the current light aiming point above the ground can be calculated based on the height h_device of the device's measurement reference point above the ground and the real-time pitch angle. When the calculated height equals 1.3m, the diameter at breast height (DBH) measurement is automatically triggered, fully complying with forestry standards. Simultaneously, through the coordinated action of the distance inflection point, the extreme value of the pitch angle, and the 1.3m DBH trigger, fully automatic interpretation of the measurement data is achieved without manual marking, improving the objectivity and repeatability of the measurement results.

[0031] The wireless communication module supports dual-mode communication of Bluetooth 5.0 and Wi-Fi. Measurement data is uploaded in the following ways: when the device is within Wi-Fi coverage, the measurement data is uploaded to the cloud platform in real time via the wireless network; when there is no network connection, the measurement data is stored in the device's local memory and will be automatically uploaded after the network is restored; it also supports near-field transmission of data via Bluetooth to the accompanying mobile terminal APP for preview.

[0032] More specifically, when the device is within Wi-Fi coverage, measurement data is uploaded to the cloud platform 20 in real time via the wireless network; when there is no network connection, the measurement data is stored in the device's local storage and automatically uploaded after the network is restored; it also supports near-field data transmission via Bluetooth to the accompanying mobile terminal APP for preview. In this structure, the Wi-Fi channel is used for batch uploads of large amounts of data and those requiring high real-time performance, while Bluetooth 5.0 is used for fast near-field connection to mobile terminals, forming a communication architecture that combines primary and backup capabilities and complements both near and long-range connections; the local storage temporarily stores data when there is no network and automatically re-uploads it after the network is restored, solving the problem of data loss caused by unstable network signals in forest and mountainous areas. Simultaneously, through the collaboration of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and local storage, seamless and reliable upload of measurement data is achieved, ensuring both the integrity and timeliness of cloud data and meeting the needs of real-time preview and offline operations.

[0033] An automated data processing platform for intelligent and rapid mapping of tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height includes: The data receiving and parsing module receives measurement data uploaded by the intelligent rapid mapping device for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height. The database management module stores the parsed measurement data. The encapsulation format of the measurement data includes: Equipment number, surveyor identification, measurement timestamp, GPS coordinates, diameter at breast height (DBH) value, tree height value, device attitude parameters, measurement batch number, and data quality score; The data quality control module is used to automatically perform integrity checks, reasonableness checks, and consistency checks on the uploaded measurement data. Measurement data that fails the checks is automatically marked as pending review and pushed to the review queue. The data statistical analysis module is used to calculate the average diameter at breast height (DBH), average tree height, DBH basal area, stand volume, and diameter class distribution, and to generate statistical reports and visualization charts. The map visualization module uses GPS coordinates to mark measurement data on an electronic map, enabling spatial display and management of forest resources. The multi-terminal access interface provides a web management backend, a mobile APP, and a RESTful API interface, supporting users with different roles to access and call data according to their permissions.

[0034] The data quality control module of the cloud-based automated data processing platform automatically performs the following checks: integrity check, verifying whether the required fields of the measurement data are complete; reasonableness check, verifying whether the diameter at breast height (DBH) is within the range of 0.5–500cm, the tree height is within the range of 0.5–80m, and the ratio of tree height to DBH is within a reasonable range; consistency check, verifying whether the deviation between multiple measurements of the same tree exceeds a set threshold; measurement data that fails the checks are automatically marked as pending review and pushed to the review queue.

[0035] More specifically, the integrity check ensures that each data entry contains the necessary fields, preventing incomplete data from entering the statistics; the reasonableness check automatically identifies extreme outliers caused by occlusion, misoperation, etc., by analyzing the physical range of diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height, as well as the tree height / DBH ratio; the consistency check identifies measurement stability issues through deviation analysis of multiple measurements of the same tree. Simultaneously, a three-level quality inspection linked to the "pending review" status forms a closed-loop quality management system, intercepting abnormal data before it enters the analysis model, effectively improving the reliability of the final statistical reports. In some embodiments, the reasonable range for the tree height / DBH ratio is set to 10–120, and the threshold deviation is set to 15%; the review queue supports manual review followed by re-entry or deletion.

[0036] The database management module uses a combination of relational and non-relational databases to store measurement data, and supports multi-dimensional indexing and retrieval by time, geographical location, tree species, and surveyor. The map visualization module supports the spatial display and management of measurement data. Clicking on a map marker allows you to view detailed measurement data and historical measurement records for that tree.

[0037] More specifically, relational databases store structured records such as diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, GPS coordinates, and personnel information, ensuring transaction consistency; non-relational databases store unstructured information such as images and raw posture data, providing flexible scalability; multi-dimensional indexes enable fast responses even with large datasets and queries based on any combination of fields. Furthermore, through the linkage between the map visualization module 18 and the database management module 15, users can click on markers on the map to retrieve real-time measurement details and historical records of the tree, providing an intuitive and efficient tool for long-term monitoring and trend analysis.

[0038] In summary: During use, the operator holds the intelligent rapid mapping device for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height, and starts the measurement via the touch control screen 7 or the physical measurement trigger key. In the normal mode, the electronic aiming device 11 and the laser pointer 12 are first used to aim at the tree's DBH position to trigger the DBH measurement: the laser ranging module 6 measures the distance D, the image acquisition module 4 acquires the image of the tree trunk, the attitude sensing module 5 records the pitch angle α and roll angle β, the central processing unit 9 obtains the tree trunk pixel width through image recognition and converts it into the actual width Wactual, and then performs attitude compensation to obtain the DBH DBH; then, the operator aims at the tree base and the tree top, measures the distances L1 and L2 respectively and records the pitch angles θ1 and θ2, and calculates the tree height according to the formula H=L2×sin(θ2)-L1×sin(θ1)+hdevice. In the one-click rapid measurement mode, the operator moves at a constant speed from the base of the tree to the top. The laser ranging module 6 and the attitude sensing module 5 continuously sample at a frequency of no less than 10Hz. The central processing unit 9 automatically identifies the positions of the tree base, height at breast height (DBH), and tree top by using distance inflection points and extreme pitch angles, and simultaneously calculates the DBH and tree height. Finally, the measurement data is uploaded to the cloud-based automated data processing platform 20 via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth through the wireless communication module 10. The platform completes data parsing, quality inspection, statistical analysis, spatial display, and multi-terminal access.

[0039] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection claimed by the appended claims and their equivalents is defined.

Claims

1. A smart and rapid surveying device for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height, characterized in that, The device includes a handheld measuring host (1), with a handle (2) on the bottom surface and a battery (3) at the bottom of the handle (2). The handheld measuring host (1) integrates an image acquisition module (4), an attitude sensing module (5), a laser ranging module (6), a touch control screen (7), a GPS / BeiDou positioning module, a central processing unit, and a wireless communication module located inside the handheld measuring host (1). The central processing unit executes the diameter at breast height (DBH) measurement algorithm and the tree height measurement algorithm. The DBH measurement is based on the dual verification of laser ranging data and image recognition, as well as attitude compensation. The tree height measurement is based on the attitude angle principle of dual-angle laser ranging. The wireless communication module uploads the measurement data to the cloud-based automated data processing platform.

2. The intelligent rapid mapping device for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height according to claim 1, characterized in that, The handheld measuring host (1) can also be equipped with an electronic aiming device, a laser pointer and a foldable support frame to help the operator quickly align the height at breast height and the top of the canopy of the tree to be measured, confirm the measurement alignment position and unfold to form support during measurement.

3. The intelligent rapid mapping device for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter at breast height (DBH) measurement algorithm measures the distance D from the laser ranging module (6) to the surface of the trunk at the DBH position. The image acquisition module (4) acquires an image containing the area of ​​the trunk at the DBH. The attitude sensing module (5) records the current pitch angle α and roll angle β. The central processing unit performs image preprocessing, edge detection, trunk edge fitting and pixel width calculation on the acquired image. It combines the distance D and the field of view parameters of the image acquisition module (4) to calculate the actual width W_actual. It also performs attitude compensation based on the pitch angle α and roll angle β. The final DBH value is DBH = W_actual × cos(α) × cos(β).

4. The intelligent rapid mapping device for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tree height measurement algorithm measures the straight-line distance L1 from the device to the tree base and the straight-line distance L2 from the device to the tree top through the laser ranging module (6). The attitude sensing module (5) records the corresponding pitch angles θ1 and θ2. The central processing unit calculates the tree height according to the formula H=L2×sin(θ2)-L1×sin(θ1)+h_device, where h_device is the height of the device's measurement reference point from the ground.

5. The intelligent rapid mapping device for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height according to claim 1, characterized in that, The touch control screen (7) is equipped with a virtual measurement trigger key. The one-click fast measurement mode is activated by pressing the virtual measurement trigger key or the physical measurement trigger key set on the handheld measurement host (1). In this mode, the laser ranging module (6) and the attitude sensing module (5) continuously collect data at a sampling frequency of not less than 10Hz. The operator moves the device from the tree base position along the trunk at a constant speed to the top of the tree crown. The central processing unit analyzes the data stream in real time, automatically identifies the tree base position, the height at breast height position and the tree top position, and simultaneously completes the calculation of the diameter at breast height and the tree height.

6. The intelligent rapid mapping device for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the one-click rapid measurement mode, the central processing unit automatically marks the starting position of the tree crown by detecting the inflection point where the distance data changes from small to large and then back to small. After detecting that the pitch angle has reached its maximum value, it starts to decrease and automatically marks the position of the tree top. At the position calculated by the device height and pitch angle at a height of 1.3m above the ground, the diameter at breast height (DBH) measurement is automatically triggered.

7. The intelligent rapid mapping device for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless communication module supports Bluetooth 5.0 and Wi-Fi dual-mode communication. Measurement data is uploaded in the following ways: when the device is within Wi-Fi coverage, the measurement data is uploaded to the cloud platform in real time via the wireless network; when there is no network connection, the measurement data is stored in the device's local memory and will be automatically uploaded after the network is restored. It supports near-field data transmission via Bluetooth to the accompanying mobile terminal APP for preview.

8. An automated data processing platform for intelligent and rapid mapping of tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height, characterized in that: include: The data receiving and parsing module is used to receive measurement data uploaded by the intelligent rapid mapping device for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height. The database management module is used to store the parsed measurement data. The encapsulation format of the measurement data includes: Equipment number, surveyor identification, measurement timestamp, GPS coordinates, diameter at breast height (DBH) value, tree height value, device attitude parameters, measurement batch number, and data quality score; The data quality control module is used to automatically perform integrity checks, reasonableness checks, and consistency checks on the uploaded measurement data. Measurement data that fails the checks is automatically marked as pending review and pushed to the review queue. The data statistical analysis module is used to calculate the average diameter at breast height (DBH), average tree height, DBH basal area, stand volume, and diameter class distribution, and to generate statistical reports and visualization charts. The map visualization module uses GPS coordinates to mark measurement data on an electronic map, enabling spatial display and management of forest resources. The multi-terminal access interface provides a web management backend, a mobile APP, and a RESTful API interface, supporting users with different roles to access and call data according to their permissions.

9. The intelligent and rapid automated data processing platform for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The data quality control module of the cloud-based automated data processing platform automatically performs the following checks: integrity check, verifying whether the required fields of the measurement data are complete; reasonableness check, verifying whether the diameter at breast height (DBH) is within the range of 0.5–500cm, whether the tree height is within the range of 0.5–80m, and whether the ratio of tree height to DBH is within a reasonable range. Consistency check verifies whether the deviation between multiple measurements of the same tree exceeds a set threshold; measurement data that fails the check is automatically marked as pending review and pushed to the review queue.

10. The intelligent and rapid automated data processing platform for tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height according to claim 8, characterized in that, The database management module uses a combination of relational and non-relational databases to store measurement data, and supports multi-dimensional indexing and retrieval by time, geographical location, tree species, and surveyor. The map visualization module supports spatial display and management of measurement data. Clicking on a map marker allows users to view detailed measurement data and historical measurement records for that tree.

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