A building anti-settlement monitoring sensing device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of settlement monitoring, in particular to a building anti-settlement monitoring sensing device which comprises a settlement pipe and a plurality of monitoring rings, further comprises at least two positioning rings and two offset detection plates, the two positioning rings are arranged at the upper part of the settlement pipe, the two offset detection plates are rotationally connected with the two positioning rings respectively, and the two offset detection plates are horizontally arranged in a cross shape; a detection cavity is arranged in the offset detection plate, a laser generator is rotationally arranged at the emitting end of the detection cavity, the emitting end of the laser generator is always horizontal, a laser receiver is arranged at the receiving end of the detection cavity, and the width of the detection cavity gradually increases from the emitting end to the receiving end; when the geological layer is offset and settled, the offset detection plate is deflected, and the position where the laser generator irradiates to the laser receiver is deflected. Therefore, the lateral offset and inclined settlement of the geological layer are detected in multiple directions, and the settlement state of the geological layer around the building can be more comprehensively reflected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of settlement monitoring technology, specifically to a building settlement monitoring and sensing device. Background Technology

[0002] During long-term use, buildings are affected by factors such as changes in geological conditions, groundwater levels, disturbances from surrounding construction, and uneven distribution of building loads. This can cause settlement or lateral displacement of the building foundation and surrounding geological layers. When the settlement or displacement exceeds the allowable range, it can easily lead to building tilting, wall cracking, and abnormal stress on structural components. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the settlement status of the building and its surrounding geological layers is necessary.

[0003] Existing building settlement monitoring devices typically involve installing settlement tubes in the ground and arranging detection elements on the tubes to obtain settlement information at different depths. These devices mainly focus on detecting vertical displacement along the length of the settlement tube, but they often struggle to accurately and intuitively detect lateral shifts, tilt directions, and degrees of displacement in the geological layers.

[0004] Some existing technologies use electronic components such as tilt sensors and displacement sensors to detect the tilt of settlement pipes or geological layers. However, their detection sensitivity is easily affected by the sensor's own accuracy, installation errors, and environmental interference. When the settlement or displacement amplitude is small, the change in the sensor's output signal is limited, which is not conducive to timely identification of early displacement of geological layers. In addition, detection elements set in a single direction can usually only detect displacement in one direction, making it difficult to simultaneously reflect the displacement of geological layers in different horizontal directions.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need to provide a building settlement monitoring sensor to improve the detection capability of lateral displacement and tilt settlement of geological layers, and to enhance the detection sensitivity of minute displacements. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the above problems, the present invention provides a building settlement monitoring sensor device.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a building anti-settlement monitoring and sensing device, including a settlement pipe and a plurality of monitoring rings, wherein the plurality of monitoring rings are evenly sleeved on the settlement pipe, and further including at least two positioning rings and two offset detection plates, wherein the two positioning rings are disposed on the upper part of the settlement pipe, and the two offset detection plates are rotatably connected to the two positioning rings respectively, and the two offset detection plates are arranged horizontally in a cross shape; The offset detection plate has a detection cavity inside. A laser generator is rotatably mounted at the generating end of the detection cavity. The emitting end of the laser generator is always horizontal. A laser receiver is mounted at the receiving end of the detection cavity. The width of the detection cavity gradually increases from the generating end to the receiving end. When the geological layer shifts and settles, the offset detection plate deflects, and the position where the laser generator irradiates the laser receiver deflects.

[0008] As an optimization, the generating end of the detection cavity is provided with a longitudinal connecting box, the upper part of which communicates with the interior of the detection cavity; The connection box is rotatably connected to a detection wheel, and the laser generator is fixedly connected to the detection wheel. An auxiliary counterweight is connected to the lower part of the detection wheel. The installation angle between the auxiliary counterweight and the laser generator is 90°. When the offset detection plate deflects, the detection wheel rotates under the action of the auxiliary counterweight, so that the emitting end of the laser generator is always horizontal.

[0009] As an optimization, a refractive lens is disposed in the middle of the detection cavity. In the initial state, the laser beam generated by the laser generator passes perpendicularly through the center of the refractive lens. When the offset detection plate deflects, the laser beam generated by the laser generator passes obliquely through the refractive lens, and the deflection angle of the laser beam is amplified by the refractive lens.

[0010] As an optimization, in the initial state, the laser receiver is set vertically and the axis of the detection cavity is set horizontally; The refractive lens is arranged vertically parallel to the laser receiver.

[0011] As an optimization, the laser receiver is a linear array receiver or a surface array receiver, and the laser receiver and the laser generator are in the same longitudinal plane.

[0012] As an optimization, a balance block is provided on the side of the positioning ring opposite to the offset detection plate. The balance block is used to counterweight the offset detection plate so that the positioning ring is subjected to balanced forces. A limiting rod is connected between two adjacent positioning rings. The number of positioning rings is the same as the number of offset detection plates, and two adjacent offset detection plates do not affect each other.

[0013] As an optimization, the offset detection plate is a thin plate, and reinforcing ribs are provided on both sides of the offset detection plate. The reinforcing ribs are arranged along the length direction of the offset detection plate, and several horizontally arranged auxiliary fins are provided at both ends of the offset detection plate.

[0014] As an optimization, the monitoring ring is located below the positioning ring, and several monitoring rings are evenly distributed along the length of the settling pipe.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this plan are as follows: When geological strata shift and settle, causing the shift detection plate to deflect, the laser generator maintains its horizontal position under the influence of gravity, ensuring that the laser beam's position on the laser receiver changes with the deflection of the shift detection plate. By detecting the change in the laser's position, the deflection of the shift detection plate can be determined. By setting up two shift detection plates horizontally arranged in a cross shape, each plate can respond to geological strata shifts in different horizontal directions, thus enabling multi-directional detection of lateral shifts and tilting settlement of the geological strata. This provides a more comprehensive reflection of the settlement status of the geological strata surrounding the building.

[0016] A refractive lens is installed inside the detection cavity so that when the offset detection plate deflects slightly, the laser beam passes through the refractive lens at an angle and the deflection angle of the laser beam is amplified by the refractive lens. This increases the change in position of the laser beam on the laser receiver, improves the device's sensitivity to detecting slight shifts in the geological layer, and helps to detect early subsidence or shifts in the geological layer in a timely manner.

[0017] The laser receiver uses either a linear array receiver or a surface array receiver, which can continuously detect the laser irradiation position. This makes it easier to determine the offset direction and degree based on the positional changes of the laser spot, thereby improving the accuracy and quantifiability of the detection results.

[0018] The offset detection plate is equipped with horizontal auxiliary fins at both ends, which can increase the contact and interaction area between the offset detection plate and the surrounding geological layers. This allows the offset detection plate to be deflected more effectively when the geological layers shift, thereby improving the device's response capability to stratum shift.

[0019] This invention combines a detection ring evenly distributed along the settlement pipe with an offset detection structure set on the upper part of the settlement pipe. This not only retains the ability to monitor the settlement status at different depths, but also detects the lateral offset and tilt changes of the geological layer, thereby improving the integrity of building settlement monitoring information. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a top view of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main view of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the AA cross-section structure.

[0024] Figure 5 This is an axial view of the present invention, omitting the settling pipe.

[0025] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 A magnified structural diagram of part A.

[0026] Among them, 1. Settlement pipe, 2. Monitoring ring, 3. Positioning ring, 4. Offset detection plate, 5. Detection cavity, 6. Laser generator, 7. Laser receiver, 8. Connecting box, 9. Detection wheel, 10. Auxiliary counterweight, 11. Refractive lens, 12. Balance block, 13. Reinforcing rib. Detailed Implementation

[0027] like Figures 1-6 As shown, a building anti-settlement monitoring and sensing device includes a settlement pipe 1 and a plurality of monitoring rings 2. The plurality of monitoring rings 2 are evenly sleeved on the settlement pipe 1. It also includes at least two positioning rings 3 and two offset detection plates 4. The two positioning rings 3 are disposed on the upper part of the settlement pipe 1. The two offset detection plates 4 are rotatably connected to the two positioning rings 3 respectively. The two offset detection plates 4 are arranged horizontally in a cross shape. The offset detection plate 4 has a detection cavity 5 inside. A laser generator 6 is rotatably installed at the generating end of the detection cavity 5. The emitting end of the laser generator 6 is always horizontal. A laser receiver 7 is installed at the receiving end of the detection cavity 5. The width of the detection cavity 5 gradually increases from the generating end to the receiving end. When the geological layer shifts and settles, the offset detection plate 4 deflects, and the position where the laser generator 6 irradiates the laser receiver 7 deflects.

[0028] Settlement pipes are vertically arranged along boreholes near the foundation of the building to be monitored. These pipes can be UPVC, ABS engineering plastic, or 304 stainless steel. UPVC pipes are preferred in corrosive soil layers to balance corrosion resistance, insulation, and ease of construction. Adjacent settlement pipes can be connected via socket sleeves, threaded joints, or flanges.

[0029] The positioning ring 3 can be made of aluminum alloy, 304 stainless steel or reinforced nylon. The inner diameter of both the positioning ring and the monitoring ring is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the settlement pipe. When the geological layer settles, the positioning ring and the monitoring ring can move along the settlement pipe following the movement of the geological layer.

[0030] Two offset detection plates 4 are rotatably connected to the corresponding positioning rings 3 via rotating shafts. The axis of the rotating shaft is set in the horizontal direction, and a miniature rolling bearing or a self-lubricating bushing can be configured on the outside of the rotating shaft to reduce the frictional resistance when the offset detection plates 4 rotate.

[0031] Two offset detection plates 4 are arranged horizontally in a cross shape in the top view direction. Their detection directions are perpendicular to each other, so as to detect two mutually perpendicular horizontal components respectively. The two detection directions can correspond to the longitudinal and transverse directions of the area to be measured, respectively, and their orientation can also be adjusted according to the main settlement direction on site.

[0032] The offset detection plate has a symmetrical structure, with its center rotatably connected to the positioning ring. The offset detection plate can also be a two-part structure with closed upper and lower sections. The detection cavity is a closed cavity, and its inner wall is preferably finished with a matte black coating to reduce stray light reflection.

[0033] The laser generator 6 can be a visible light semiconductor laser module with a wavelength of 635nm or 650nm and an output power of 1-5mW, using a dot-shaped light spot module with a collimating lens. The laser receiver 7 is fixed to the receiving end by screw plates, slots, or optical adhesive, and is connected to a data acquisition device set on the ground by a flexible wire. When the offset detection plate 4 tilts with the surrounding strata, the laser generator 6 maintains a basically horizontal emission direction under the action of the gravity leveling structure, while the laser receiver 7 deflects together with the offset detection plate 4, thereby causing the laser spot to move relative to the initial position of the laser receiver 7.

[0034] like Figure 4 and Figure 6 As shown, the generating end of the detection cavity 5 is provided with a longitudinal connecting box 8, and the upper part of the connecting box 8 is in communication with the interior of the detection cavity 5. The internal connection of the connecting box 8 is rotatably connected to the detection wheel 9. The laser generator 6 is fixedly connected to the detection wheel 9. The lower part of the detection wheel 9 is connected to the auxiliary counterweight 10. The installation angle between the auxiliary counterweight 10 and the laser generator 6 is 90°. When the offset detection plate 4 deflects, the detection wheel 9 rotates under the action of the auxiliary counterweight 10, so that the emitting end of the laser generator 6 is always horizontal.

[0035] The lower part of the connecting box 8 provides swing space for the detection wheel 9 and the auxiliary counterweight 10. The connecting box 8 can be integrally injection molded or milled with the offset detection plate 4, or it can be fixed to the bottom of the offset detection plate 4 as an independent housing by screws, positioning pins and sealing rings. A removable maintenance cover can be provided on the side wall of the connecting box 8. An aging-resistant silicone rubber gasket is placed between the maintenance cover and the box body to facilitate the installation, calibration and replacement of the detection wheel 9, laser generator 6 and auxiliary counterweight 10. The through-hole between the interior of the connecting box 8 and the detection cavity 5 is located on the rotation path of the laser generator 6. The size of the through-hole is larger than the swing envelope size of the laser generator 6 and its wires to avoid mechanical interference when the offset detection plate 4 deflects.

[0036] Both ends of the axle can be press-fitted into miniature deep groove ball bearings on the sidewall of the connecting box 8. These bearings can be, for example, 623, 624, or 608 series bearings with an inner diameter of 3-8 mm. For low-cost or humid environments, self-lubricating bushings made of polytetrafluoroethylene or oil-impregnated copper can also be used. The detection wheel 9 can be made of aluminum alloy, polyoxymethylene, or reinforced nylon. The laser generator 6 is fixed to the detection wheel 9 via mounting holes, clamping seats, or threaded sleeves, enabling the laser generator 6 to rotate synchronously with the detection wheel 9. The lower part of the detection wheel 9 is connected to an auxiliary counterweight 10 via a threaded rod, connecting arm, or adjustable slide. The auxiliary counterweight 10 can be made of stainless steel, copper alloy, or carbon steel with a rust-proof surface treatment.

[0037] The auxiliary counterweight 10 tends to be vertically downward under the influence of gravity, causing the detection wheel 9 to rotate relative to the offset detection plate 4, thereby keeping the emitting end of the laser generator 6 basically horizontal. The position or mass of the auxiliary counterweight 10 is adjustable so that the restoring torque it generates is greater than the friction torque of the wheel axle, while avoiding excessive oscillation.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, a refractive lens 11 is disposed in the middle of the detection cavity 5. In the initial state, the laser beam generated by the laser generator 6 passes perpendicularly through the center of the refractive lens 11. When the offset detection plate 4 deflects, the laser beam generated by the laser generator 6 passes obliquely through the refractive lens 11, and the deflection angle of the laser beam is amplified by the refractive lens 11.

[0039] The refractive lens 11 is fixed in the detection cavity 5 by a lens slot, a retaining ring, or a frame. An elastic silicone ring can be placed between the lens edge and the frame to absorb vibration and prevent the lens from breaking under stress. The refractive lens 11 can be made of K9 optical glass, quartz glass, or optical-grade PMMA. Specifically, it can be a plano-convex lens, a biconvex lens, or a prism-type lens with a predetermined refraction angle. When a plano-convex or biconvex lens is used, its focal length can be selected from 20 to 100 mm according to the length of the detection cavity 5. In the initial installation state, the collimated laser beam emitted by the laser generator 6 passes perpendicularly through the optical center of the refractive lens 11 and illuminates the reference position of the laser receiver 7.

[0040] When the offset detection plate 4 deflects with the formation, the laser generator 6 remains horizontal under the action of the auxiliary counterweight 10, while the refractive lens 11 tilts synchronously with the offset detection plate 4. The laser beam thus enters the refractive lens 11 at a non-perpendicular angle. The laser beam is refracted at the interface between the air and the lens material, resulting in a magnified angular change in its exit direction relative to the initial optical path, and forming a larger spot displacement as it continues to propagate to the laser receiver 7. The radius of curvature, refractive index, focal length of the refractive lens 11, and its distance from the laser receiver 7 can be matched according to the expected range: for applications requiring the identification of small tilt angles, the optical path can be increased or a shorter focal length lens can be selected to improve the displacement magnification; for applications with large subsidence amplitudes, a longer focal length lens can be used and the receiving end width of the detection cavity 5 can be increased to prevent the laser spot from exceeding the receiving range. The relationship between the spot displacement and the tilt angle of the offset detection plate 4 can be obtained through factory calibration and converted into tilt angle or offset by the data acquisition unit based on the calibration curve.

[0041] like Figure 4 As shown, in the initial state, the laser receiver 7 is vertically positioned and the axis of the detection cavity 5 is horizontally positioned; The refractive lens 11 is arranged vertically parallel to the laser receiver 7.

[0042] The photosensitive surface of the laser receiver 7 faces the laser generator 6. The laser receiver 7 can be mounted on an adjustment bracket with an elongated hole. The adjustment bracket is fixed to the receiving end of the detection cavity 5 by screws. By moving the adjustment bracket, the initial light spot is positioned at the center of the photosensitive surface or at a preset zero position. The power and signal lines of the laser receiver 7 can be shielded flexible cables, which are led out through waterproof cable connectors to the inside of the settling pipe 1 or the ground acquisition box. The cables have a bending allowance at rotating parts to avoid restricting the rotation of the offset detection plate 4.

[0043] The refractive lens 11 and the laser receiver 7 are initially arranged vertically parallel to each other, with their centers located in the same longitudinal reference plane of the detection cavity 5, so that the laser beam emitted through the refractive lens 11 can fall into the effective photosensitive area of ​​the laser receiver 7. A predetermined distance is maintained between the refractive lens 11 and the laser receiver 7. This distance can be determined according to the length of the detection cavity 5, the focal length of the refractive lens 11, and the required detection range, and is preferably 30 to 300 mm.

[0044] The laser receiver 7 is a linear array receiver or a surface array receiver, and the laser receiver 7 and the laser generator 6 are in the same longitudinal plane.

[0045] CMOS linear array sensors with 128, 256, or 512 pixels can be used, with pixel sizes ranging from 5 to 20 μm; for example, 128-pixel linear array devices with equivalent performance to the TSL1401 series can be used.

[0046] The laser receiver 7 and the laser generator 6 are located in the same longitudinal plane. The output of the receiver can be connected to an analog-to-digital converter and a microcontroller. The microcontroller can be an STM32F103, an ESP32, or a control chip with equivalent sampling and communication capabilities. The data acquisition unit performs threshold filtering and centroid calculation on the response values ​​of each pixel to obtain the center position of the laser spot. The monitoring data can be transmitted to the host computer via RS485, CAN bus, 4G, or LoRa communication modules.

[0047] like Figure 4 As shown, a balance block 12 is arranged on the side of the positioning ring 3 opposite to the offset detection plate 4. The balance block 12 is used to counterweight the offset detection plate 4 so that the positioning ring 3 is subjected to force balance. A limiting rod is connected between two adjacent positioning rings 3. The number of positioning rings 3 is the same as the number of offset detection plates 4. Two adjacent offset detection plates 4 do not affect each other.

[0048] The balance block 12 is used to compensate for the eccentric load generated by the offset detection plate 4, the connecting box 8 and its internal components, so that the forces on both sides of the positioning ring 3 tend to be balanced. The balance block 12 can be made of stainless steel, galvanized carbon steel or copper alloy, and can be connected to the positioning ring 3 by threaded rod, bolt or dovetail groove.

[0049] During assembly, by adjusting the position or mass of the balance block 12, the positioning ring 3 does not produce obvious unilateral tilt when the offset detection plate 4 is in a horizontal state, thereby reducing the influence of the device's own weight on the detection zero point.

[0050] The limiting rod can be made of 304 stainless steel round rod, aluminum alloy rod, or glass fiber reinforced composite material rod, possessing sufficient bending stiffness and corrosion resistance. The limiting rod is used to limit the axial distance and relative circumferential angle between the two positioning rings 3, ensuring that the two offset detection plates 4 remain perpendicular to each other and do not interfere with each other. It also prevents the two positioning rings 3 from rotating relative to each other during installation or ground disturbance.

[0051] The number of positioning rings 3 is the same as the number of offset detection plates 4. Each offset detection plate 4 rotates independently around its own axis. Adjacent offset detection plates 4 are staggered in the height direction, and there is a gap between their swing envelopes, so as to avoid collision or mutual force during the deflection process.

[0052] like Figure 5 As shown, the offset detection plate 4 is a thin plate, and reinforcing ribs 13 are arranged on both sides of the offset detection plate 4. The reinforcing ribs 13 are arranged along the length direction of the offset detection plate 4, and several horizontally arranged auxiliary fins are arranged at both ends of the offset detection plate 4.

[0053] The thickness of the offset detection plate is set to 2-10mm. The offset detection plate 4 can be made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy plate, 304 stainless steel plate or glass fiber reinforced nylon plate. When a metal plate is used, its surface can be anodized, powder coated or passivated to improve corrosion resistance.

[0054] The reinforcing ribs can be integrally formed, injection molded, or stamped with the offset detection plate. They can also be fixed by welding, riveting, or screws to improve the bending stiffness of the offset detection plate 4 and reduce deflection in non-detection directions.

[0055] The auxiliary fins are spaced apart along the length of the offset detection plate 4 to increase the contact area with the surrounding backfill soil or geological layer, so that the offset detection plate 4 can be reliably rotated when the stratum undergoes lateral displacement.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, the monitoring ring 2 is located below the positioning ring 3, and several monitoring rings 2 are evenly distributed along the length of the settling pipe 1.

[0057] The spacing between adjacent monitoring rings 2 can be set from 0.5 to 2 m according to the strata stratification and monitoring accuracy requirements. The monitoring rings 2 can be magnetic settlement rings, inductive monitoring rings, or other monitoring elements that can characterize axial displacement, which can be used in conjunction with external reading devices. The monitoring rings 2 are used to obtain vertical settlement information at different depths, and the offset detection plate 4 located on the upper part of the settlement pipe 1 is used to obtain lateral offset or tilt information of the strata. The combination of the two can form a composite monitoring of vertical settlement and horizontal offset.

[0058] How to use: Before installation, select the specifications of the settlement pipe 1, monitoring ring 2, refractive lens 11, and laser receiver 7 according to the borehole diameter, monitoring depth, and expected offset. Fix the monitoring ring 2 sequentially to the outside of the settlement pipe 1 at the predetermined depth. Install two positioning rings 3 on the upper part of the settlement pipe 1, and limit the circumferential angles of the two positioning rings 3 to a difference of 90° using limiting rods, so that the two offset detection plates 4 correspond to two mutually perpendicular horizontal detection directions. After completing the mechanical installation, place the device into the borehole and backfill with sand, fine stones, or grouting material that can deform in harmony with the original strata, ensuring reliable contact between the monitoring ring 2 and auxiliary fins and the surrounding strata.

[0059] After the device is powered on, the auxiliary counterweight 10 drives the detection wheel 9 to rotate under the action of gravity, keeping the emission axis of the laser generator 6 horizontal. The laser beam passes vertically through the center of the refractive lens 11 and illuminates the preset zero position of the laser receiver 7. The data acquisition unit records the initial spot coordinates corresponding to the two offset detection plates 4 and uses these coordinates as the zero point; at the same time, it reads the initial depth position of each monitoring ring 2 to establish the initial settlement benchmark.

[0060] When the geological stratum experiences only vertical settlement, the monitoring ring 2 at the corresponding depth moves along the axial direction of the settlement pipe 1 with the stratum. By comparing the current depth of the monitoring ring 2 with the initial depth, the vertical settlement amount of different strata can be obtained. When the geological stratum experiences lateral displacement or tilting settlement, the stratum applies a force to the displacement detection plate 4 through auxiliary fins, causing the displacement detection plate 4 and its internal refractive lens 11 and laser receiver 7 to rotate relative to the positioning ring 3. Since the laser generator 6 remains basically horizontal under the action of the auxiliary counterweight 10, the incident angle of the laser beam relative to the refractive lens 11 changes accordingly. After refraction by the refractive lens 11, the position of the laser spot on the laser receiver 7 is magnified and displaced.

[0061] The data acquisition unit reads the response values ​​of each pixel of the laser receiver 7, determines the center coordinates of the laser spot through peak search or gray-scale centroid algorithm, and then compares the current coordinates with the initial zero point. Based on the pre-calibrated correspondence between laser spot displacement and deflection angle, the deflection angle of each offset detection plate 4 can be calculated; combined with the effective length or monitoring position of the offset detection plate 4, the approximate horizontal offset in the corresponding direction can also be calculated. The two offset detection plates 4 output offset components in mutually perpendicular directions, and the controller can perform vector synthesis of the two components to obtain the magnitude and direction of the formation's horizontal offset. The specific process is as follows:

[0062] Suppose that laser receiver 7 has n effective pixels, pixel number i, and the pixel response value after subtracting background light and thresholding is Iᵢ. Using the pixel number as coordinates, the current spot center position q is calculated using the gray-scale centroid method: q = Σ(iIᵢ) / ΣIᵢ where q is expressed in pixels; The center position of the light spot when the device is in the initial leveling state is denoted as q0, and the pixel displacement of the current light spot relative to the initial zero point is: Δq = q − q0; If the pixel spacing of the laser receiver 7 is d, then the actual displacement Δs of the light spot on the photosensitive surface is: Δs = dΔq; When using a planar array receiver, the centroid of the light spot can be calculated separately for both coordinate directions. For the offset detection plate 4, which rotates only around a single axis, the coordinate components corresponding to its actual deflection direction should be selected. To reduce the influence of ambient light and dead pixels, dark current subtraction, threshold screening, and continuous sampling averaging can be performed before calculation.

[0063] During calibration, the offset detection plate 4 is positioned sequentially at multiple known deflection angles θⱼ using a precision turntable or a calibration frame with known angles. The corresponding spot displacement Δsⱼ is recorded at each angle, thus forming a calibration data set (Δsⱼ, θⱼ). It is recommended that the calibration points cover both the positive and negative ranges of the device, and that sampling be repeated at each calibration angle to obtain an average value.

[0064] When the deflection angle is small and the optical system is approximately linear, the following equation can be established: θ = c1Δs; When the refractive lens 11 produces nonlinear amplification, installation deviation, or residual zero-point error, the polynomial of the deflection angle with respect to the spot displacement can be directly fitted: θ = c0 + c1Δs + c2Δs² + c3Δs³; Here, c0, c1, c2, and c3 are coefficients obtained through calibration data. The controller can also save the spot displacement-deflection angle data table and use piecewise linear interpolation to obtain the deflection angle. Directly establishing the inverse calibration relationship of θ=g(Δs) can avoid multiple solutions or increased computational load when finding the inverse function of a high-order polynomial.

[0065] Let L be the actual straight-line distance from the axis of the offset detection plate 4 to the detection point, and θ be the deflection angle of the detection plate relative to the initial horizontal state. Then, the vertical height difference Δz between the detection point and the axis of rotation is: Δz = L sinθ; When the parameter is the horizontal projection distance L from the rotating shaft to the detection point... x When this is the case, the following should be adopted: Δz = L x tanθ; Under small angle conditions, sinθ≈tanθ≈θ, therefore it can be approximated as: Δz ≈ Lθ; θ should be in radians.

[0066] Geometric boundary: The horizontal projection shortening caused by the rotation of the offset detection plate is Δq. h =L(1−cosθ). This value only represents the geometric projection change caused by the rotation of the detection plate itself, and is not equivalent to the horizontal translation of the entire formation.

[0067] When the two offset detection plates 4 are arranged in a cross shape, the deflection angle θ in the first detection direction can be obtained respectively. x The deflection angle θᵧ in the second detection direction. The corresponding slope component is: g x = tanθ x ; gᵧ = tanθᵧ; The combined slope g, combined inclination angle β, and slope direction α in both directions are as follows: g = √(g x ² + gᵧ²); β = arctan(g); α = atan2(gᵧ, g x ); Therefore, the existing structure can determine the degree and direction of inclination of the strata or the detection surface, and can calculate the vertical height difference in the corresponding detection direction by combining the effective length of each detection plate. The data acquisition unit reads the response values ​​of each pixel of the laser receiver 7, subtracts the background light and response values ​​below a set threshold, and determines the center position of the laser spot through peak search or gray-scale centroid algorithm. Taking the center position of the spot when the offset detection plate 4 is in the initial horizontal state as the zero point, the difference between the current center position of the spot and the zero point is used to obtain the spot displacement.

[0068] Before use, the device is calibrated to place the offset detection plate 4 at multiple known deflection angles, and the spot displacement corresponding to each deflection angle is recorded. This establishes a calibration curve or calibration data table between the spot displacement and the deflection angle. During monitoring, the data acquisition unit calculates or interpolates the deflection angle of the offset detection plate 4 relative to the initial horizontal state based on the measured spot displacement using the calibration curve or by looking up the table.

[0069] Let L be the actual length from the axis of rotation of the offset detection plate 4 to the detection point, and θ be the deflection angle of the offset detection plate 4. The vertical height difference between the detection point and the axis of rotation is calculated using Δz = Lsinθ. When the deflection angle is small, it is approximated using Δz ≈ Lθ, where θ is in radians. The two mutually perpendicular offset detection plates 4 respectively obtain the deflection angle θ in the first detection direction. x The deflection angle θᵧ in the second detection direction, and according to g respectively x =tanθ x And gᵧ=tanθᵧ calculate the slope components in the two detection directions, and then according to g=√(g x Calculate the composite slope using α = atan2(gᵧ, g² + gᵧ²), and then use α = atan2(gᵧ, g² + gᵧ²) to calculate the composite slope. x Determine the dip direction of the strata.

[0070] During monitoring, the controller can collect settlement, spot position, and deflection angle according to a set cycle, and perform average filtering on continuous data to reduce interference caused by construction vibration or instantaneous impact. When the vertical settlement, unidirectional deflection angle, composite horizontal offset, or their rate of change exceeds a preset threshold, the data acquisition unit sends an alarm message to the host computer. If the stratum stabilizes or the offset detection plate 4 returns to its initial position, the auxiliary counterweight 10 continues to keep the laser generator 6 horizontal, and the system can retain the original zero point for long-term trend monitoring; after maintenance or reinstallation, optical path alignment and zero point calibration can also be re-executed.

[0071] The above-described specific embodiments are merely specific examples of the present invention. The patent protection scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the product form and style of the above-described specific embodiments. Any building anti-settlement monitoring and sensing device that conforms to the claims of the present invention, and any appropriate changes or modifications made to it by those skilled in the art, shall fall within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A building settlement monitoring and sensing device, comprising a settlement pipe (1) and a plurality of monitoring rings (2), wherein the plurality of monitoring rings (2) are uniformly sleeved on the settlement pipe (1), characterized in that: It also includes at least two positioning rings (3) and two offset detection plates (4). The two positioning rings (3) are disposed on the upper part of the settling pipe (1), and the two offset detection plates (4) are rotatably connected to the two positioning rings (3) respectively. The two offset detection plates (4) are arranged horizontally in a cross shape. The offset detection plate (4) has a detection cavity (5) inside. A laser generator (6) is rotatably installed at the generating end of the detection cavity (5). The emitting end of the laser generator (6) is always horizontal. A laser receiver (7) is installed at the receiving end of the detection cavity (5). The width of the detection cavity (5) gradually increases from the generating end to the receiving end. When the geological layer shifts and settles, the offset detection plate (4) deflects, and the position where the laser generator (6) irradiates the laser receiver (7) deflects.

2. The building settlement monitoring sensor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection cavity (5) is provided with a longitudinal connecting box (8) at the generating end, and the upper part of the connecting box (8) is in communication with the interior of the detection cavity (5). The internal rotatable connection of the connecting box (8) is a detection wheel (9), the laser generator (6) is fixedly connected to the detection wheel (9), and the lower part of the detection wheel (9) is connected to an auxiliary counterweight (10). The installation angle between the auxiliary counterweight (10) and the laser generator (6) is 90°. When the offset detection plate (4) deflects, the detection wheel (9) rotates under the action of the auxiliary counterweight (10), so that the emitting end of the laser generator (6) is always horizontal.

3. The building settlement monitoring sensor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A refractive lens (11) is disposed in the middle of the detection cavity (5). In the initial state, the laser beam generated by the laser generator (6) passes perpendicularly through the center of the refractive lens (11). When the offset detection plate (4) deflects, the laser beam generated by the laser generator (6) passes obliquely through the refractive lens (11), and the deflection angle of the laser beam by the refractive lens (11) is amplified.

4. The building settlement monitoring sensor device according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the initial state, the laser receiver (7) is vertically positioned and the axis of the detection cavity (5) is horizontally positioned; The refractive lens (11) is arranged vertically parallel to the laser receiver (7).

5. The building settlement monitoring sensor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser receiver (7) is a linear array receiver or a surface array receiver, and the laser receiver (7) and the laser generator (6) are in the same longitudinal plane.

6. The building settlement monitoring sensor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A balance block (12) is provided on the side of the positioning ring (3) opposite to the offset detection plate (4). The balance block (12) is used to counterweight the offset detection plate (4) so ​​that the positioning ring (3) is in force balance. A limiting rod is connected between two adjacent positioning rings (3). The number of positioning rings (3) is the same as the number of offset detection plates (4). The two adjacent offset detection plates (4) do not affect each other.

7. The building settlement monitoring sensor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The offset detection plate (4) is a thin plate. Both sides of the offset detection plate (4) are provided with reinforcing ribs (13). The reinforcing ribs (13) are arranged along the length direction of the offset detection plate (4). Several horizontally arranged auxiliary fins are arranged at both ends of the offset detection plate (4).

8. The building settlement monitoring sensor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring ring (2) is located below the positioning ring (3), and several monitoring rings (2) are evenly distributed along the length of the settling pipe (1).

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