A thermal defect early warning system and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of power equipment state monitoring, and particularly relates to a thermal defect early warning system, which comprises: an information acquisition module, which is used for acquiring temperature information and transmitting the temperature information to an information processing unit; an information processing module, which is used for receiving the temperature information, comparing the temperature information with a preset standard, and generating a comparison result output to a signal generation module; and a signal generation module, which is used for generating and outputting an early warning signal when the comparison result is abnormal. The present application has the beneficial effect of creatively developing an early warning nut suitable for a bolt connection point and two types of core devices, namely, a thermal display structure containing a planar pasting type and a cylindrical buckling type, which are suitable for busbars, cabinet bodies and cables and different surface morphologies, by integrating a passive wireless temperature measurement and a thermal discoloration material dual-mode early warning mechanism, so that full-scene and all-weather coverage monitoring of various connection parts and surface morphologies of power equipment is achieved, and the system does not require external power supply and wiring at all.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power equipment condition monitoring technology, and in particular to a thermal defect early warning system and method. Background Technology

[0002] During operation, electrical equipment is prone to abnormal temperature rises at various connection points due to poor contact, overload, or aging, which is a major cause of electrical faults. These include bolt fastening points, busbar lap joints, cable joints, and cabinet surfaces. Real-time and reliable temperature monitoring of these locations is crucial for preventing accidents and ensuring power grid safety. However, the complex and diverse operating environments and structural forms of power equipment pose severe challenges to temperature monitoring technology: spatially, monitoring points are scattered across high-voltage exposed points, inside enclosed cabinets, on irregularly shaped surfaces, and on high-altitude towers; environmentally, it must cope with harsh conditions such as high voltage, strong electromagnetic interference, day-night temperature differences, humidity, dust, and mechanical vibration; current mainstream temperature measurement technologies lack an intelligent temperature monitoring method that can adapt to different installation environments, such as high-voltage exposed points, inside enclosed cabinets, and on irregularly shaped surfaces, without requiring external power sources or wiring. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a thermal defect early warning system, comprising: Information acquisition module: used to collect temperature information and transmit it to the information processing unit; Information processing module: used to receive temperature information, compare the temperature information with a preset standard, generate a comparison result and output it to the signal generation module; Signal generation module; used to generate and output early warning signals when the comparison results are abnormal.

[0004] In a preferred embodiment of the thermal defect early warning system of the present invention, the information acquisition module is an early warning nut, and the early warning nut includes: Nut body; the nut body is used to connect with the screw rod of electrical equipment; the nut body is provided with internal threads; A groove is provided on one side of the outer surface of the nut body, and a temperature measuring structure is provided inside the groove; The temperature measuring structure includes a temperature measuring element and a display element; the temperature measuring element includes a first temperature sensor fixed in a groove through a thermally conductive filler layer and through the thermally conductive filler layer.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment of the thermal defect early warning system of the present invention, the display component includes a card block and a first thermochromic block. The card block is bonded to the inside of the groove, and the first thermochromic block is disposed on the outer surface of the card block away from the groove. The first thermochromic block is a NiO-based composite color-changing material.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment of the thermal defect early warning system of the present invention, the card block is made of steel-ceramic material.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the thermal defect early warning system of the present invention, the material of the thermally conductive filler layer includes polysilazane.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the thermal defect early warning system of the present invention, the information acquisition module is a thermal display structure, which includes: The mounting plate is fixed to the surface of the electrical equipment, and a second temperature sensor and a second thermochromic block are respectively provided on both sides of the mounting plate.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the thermal defect early warning system of the present invention, the mounting plate is a rectangular plate structure.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the thermal defect early warning system of the present invention, the mounting plate has a U-shaped structure, and elastic strips are fixedly connected to both ends of the mounting plate, and a connecting block is fixedly connected between the two sets of elastic strips.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the thermal defect early warning system of the present invention, the second thermochromic block is a NiO-based composite thermochromic material.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for early warning of thermal defects, comprising: Collect temperature information and compare it with a preset standard to generate comparison results; Based on the comparison results, an early warning signal is generated and output.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention creatively develops two core devices—a warning nut suitable for bolted connections and a thermal indicator structure (including planar adhesive and cylindrical snap-fit ​​types) applicable to different surface morphologies such as busbars, cabinets, and cables—through a dual-mode early warning mechanism integrating passive wireless temperature measurement and thermochromic materials. This achieves full-scene, all-weather coverage monitoring of various connection points and surface morphologies of power equipment. The system requires no external power supply or wiring, fundamentally overcoming the technical limitations of harsh industrial environments such as high voltage, strong electromagnetic interference, humidity, and vibration. Furthermore, its dual-channel independent redundancy design ensures continuous and effective early warning even in the event of a single-channel failure. It combines deployment flexibility, environmental adaptability, and operational economy, providing a universal and reliable innovative solution for the intelligent prevention of thermal defects in power equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the early warning nut structure for a thermal defect early warning system.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting plate structure for a thermal defect early warning system.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal display structure of a thermal defect early warning system. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1, referring to Figure 1 This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a thermal defect early warning system, including: Information acquisition module: used to collect temperature information and transmit it to the information processing unit; Information processing module: used to receive temperature information, compare the temperature information with a preset standard, generate a comparison result and output it to the signal generation module; Signal generation module; used to generate and output early warning signals when the comparison results are abnormal.

[0020] It should be noted that traditional power equipment temperature monitoring relies on manual labor, cannot be continuous in real time, and suffers from subjective lag in early warning judgment. This system has achieved automation and intelligence in the monitoring process and objective and immediate output of early warning results.

[0021] Therefore, in response to the aforementioned problems, the defect early warning system has built an automated system that integrates information collection, processing, and early warning signal generation, enabling real-time and accurate monitoring and intelligent early warning of the temperature of power equipment, which greatly improves the timeliness of thermal defect detection and the efficiency of operation and maintenance response.

[0022] Example 2, refer to Figure 1-3 As an embodiment of the present invention, a thermal defect early warning system is provided based on the above embodiment.

[0023] In this embodiment of the application, the information acquisition module is a warning nut 1, and the warning nut 1 includes: Nut body 11; Nut body 11 is used to connect with the screw rod of power equipment; Nut body 11 is provided with internal thread; A groove 12 is provided on one outer surface of the nut body 11, and a temperature measuring structure 13 is provided inside the groove 12; The temperature measuring structure 13 includes a temperature measuring element and a display element; the temperature measuring element includes a first temperature sensor 15 fixed in the groove 12 by a thermally conductive filler layer 14 and a thermally conductive filler layer 14, the material of the thermally conductive filler layer 14 including polysilazane.

[0024] The display includes a card block 16 and a first thermochromic block 17. The card block 16 is bonded to the inside of the groove 12, and the first thermochromic block 17 is disposed on the outer surface of the card block 16 away from the groove 12. The first thermochromic block 17 is a NiO-based composite color-changing material.

[0025] The assembly process of the warning nut 1 is as follows: an uncured polysilazane prepolymer is coated at the bottom of the groove 12 of the nut body 11; the first temperature sensor 15 is pressed and placed on the prepolymer coating to ensure that its temperature sensing surface is in full contact with the coating; the whole is placed at a certain temperature for preliminary curing, so that the polysilazane forms a thermally conductive filler layer 14, thereby firmly fixing the temperature sensor and thermally coupling it in the groove 12. The first thermochromic block 17 is bonded to the outer surface of the clip 16 using a high-temperature adhesive. The clip 16, with the thermochromic block already bonded, is then installed and bonded into the groove 12 using adhesive, positioned above the fixed temperature measuring element. At this point, the thermochromic block faces outward from the nut, becoming a visible temperature-sensitive color-changing display area.

[0026] The working process of the warning nut 1 is as follows: tighten the nut body 11 onto the bolt of the connection point of the power equipment that needs to be monitored. When the connection point heats up, the heat is conducted through the metal nut body 11. One path is conducted to the first temperature sensor 15 through the thermally conductive filler layer 14; the other path is conducted to the first thermochromic block 17. Wireless Data Early Warning Channel: The first temperature sensor 15 senses temperature changes at the connection point in real time. When an external reader enters the effective range, the sensor actively transmits a signal containing temperature data and its own ID wirelessly. After receiving the signal, the reader directly uploads the data to the background monitoring system. The system compares the data with preset standards. If the limits are exceeded, a remote early warning signal is generated and issued. This channel is suitable for automated, remote real-time monitoring scenarios.

[0027] Local visual early warning channel: The first thermochromic block 17 acts as an independent temperature-sensing element. When the temperature of the nut body 11 reaches or exceeds the color change threshold of its material, a significant and lasting color change will occur. This change requires no power or communication support. Inspectors can directly determine the status of the warning nut 1 through visual observation or image acquisition. This channel is suitable for scenarios where wireless signals are interfered with, readers malfunction, or planned manual inspections are conducted.

[0028] Understandably, when NiO-based composite color-changing materials reach a preset temperature threshold, their color changes from the normal dark gray to a bright warning color within a short period of time. This strong contrast makes them easily identifiable. This color-changing process is based on the material's thermally induced phase transition, exhibiting thermal hysteresis and memory functions. After the color change, even if the temperature drops, the warning color will remain for a period of time rather than immediately reverting to its original state. This characteristic makes it a reliable non-volatile temperature event recorder, ensuring that inspection personnel or equipment can accurately identify any overheating incidents that have occurred.

[0029] In one alternative implementation, the first temperature sensor 15 can be a passive wireless temperature measurement module integrating an RFID chip and a miniature antenna. Specifically, the module obtains energy by receiving radio frequency signals from an external reader and wirelessly transmits the sensed temperature data and its own ID encoding modulated.

[0030] In another alternative embodiment, the first temperature sensor 15 can also be a surface acoustic wave (SAW) temperature sensor. Specifically, the sensor receives and reflects radio waves of a specific frequency through interdigital transducers on its piezoelectric substrate. The reflected frequency drifts with temperature changes, and the external reader calculates the temperature by detecting the amount of frequency drift. In this embodiment of the application, to provide better mechanical protection and environmental sealing, the card block 16 is made of steel-ceramic material.

[0031] During assembly, the injection mold is aligned and placed over the groove 12, and quick-drying adhesive is used for temporary fixation. The inner cavity shape of the injection mold determines the final shape of the locking block 16. Liquid steel-ceramic material is injected through the injection hole of the injection mold, filling all spaces except for the aforementioned pre-reserved gaps, thus forming the solid wall of the steel-ceramic locking block 16. The vent holes in the injection mold are used to expel air. Subsequently, it is cured at 93°C for 3 hours before demolding. After demolding, the steel-ceramic locking block 16 is obtained and fixed on the groove 12.

[0032] It should be noted that the steel-ceramic material itself has extremely high volume resistivity and dielectric strength. It permanently and reliably isolates the high-potential metal nut body 11 from the low-voltage temperature measurement circuit that may exist inside, completely eliminating the risk of high-voltage breakdown or creepage, and enabling the device to be safely applied to high-voltage live equipment.

[0033] Preferably, the warning nut 1 provided in this embodiment innovatively integrates a passive wireless temperature measurement and thermochromic temperature indication dual-mode independent warning system within a standard nut structure. Its core structure ensures efficient thermal coupling and reliable fixation of the temperature sensor through a polysilazane thermally conductive filler layer 14, and achieves high-voltage insulation and robust protection through a steel-ceramic locking block 16. This nut can directly replace conventional nuts and be installed at equipment connection points. When an abnormal temperature rise occurs, the built-in passive wireless temperature measurement module can remotely transmit accurate data in real time. Simultaneously, the NiO-based thermochromic block will undergo a significant and lasting color change, providing a local, intuitive alarm and historical temperature event recording without the need for a power supply. This provides an all-weather, highly reliable, and maintenance-free temperature monitoring and warning solution for critical connection points of power equipment, especially suitable for harsh environments such as high voltage and strong electromagnetic interference.

[0034] Example 3, referring to Figure 1-3 As an embodiment of the present invention, a thermal defect early warning system is provided based on the above embodiment.

[0035] In this embodiment of the application, the information acquisition module is a thermal display structure 2, which includes: a mounting plate 21, which is fixed to the surface of the power equipment. A second temperature sensor 22 and a second thermochromic block 23 are respectively provided on both sides of the mounting plate 21. The mounting plate 21 is a rectangular plate structure, and the second thermochromic block 23 is a NiO-based composite color-changing material.

[0036] It should be noted that the color change threshold of NiO-based composite color-changing materials can be determined through material formulation and processing.

[0037] In the specific implementation process, during assembly, the second temperature sensor 22 is fixed on one side of the mounting plate 21 with a high thermal conductivity adhesive. The second temperature sensor 22 is preferably a passive wireless temperature measurement module. The second thermochromic block 23 is fixed on the other side of the mounting plate 21 with a high temperature resistant adhesive.

[0038] During installation, clean the surface of the electrical equipment to be monitored, such as busbars, cable joints, or the inner wall of switch cabinets, and press and fix the mounting plate 21 with the second temperature sensor 22 in that position.

[0039] In one alternative embodiment, the mounting plate 21 may be a reinforcing structure with a boss. The boss is set at the mounting position of the mounting plate 21 corresponding to the mounting position of the second temperature sensor 22 and the second thermochromic block 23. The mounting plate 21 is made of a high-temperature resistant, insulating and flexible material, such as a polyimide film or a thin metal sheet covered with an insulating layer. The boss is used to increase the local thickness to improve the structural strength and heat conduction efficiency. In another alternative embodiment, the mounting plate 21 can also be a corrugated plate structure, with alternating peaks and troughs, which increases the heat dissipation surface area and adapts to thermal expansion deformation while ensuring structural rigidity.

[0040] Preferably, the planar thermal display structure 2 provided in this embodiment integrates the passive wireless temperature sensor and the NiO-based thermochromic block on both sides of the rectangular mounting plate 21, respectively, enabling convenient and non-destructive adhesive installation on flat surfaces such as busbars and cabinets. The entire solution deeply integrates remote wireless precise temperature measurement with local intuitive color-changing early warning. The installation process is simple and applicable to various planar monitoring scenarios, significantly improving the coverage, reliability, and practicality of power equipment surface temperature monitoring.

[0041] Example 3, referring to Figure 1-3 As an embodiment of the present invention, a thermal defect early warning system is provided based on the above embodiment.

[0042] In this embodiment of the application, the information acquisition module is a thermal display structure 2, which includes: a mounting plate 21, which is fixed to the surface of the power equipment. A second temperature sensor 22 and a second thermochromic block 23 are respectively provided on both sides of the mounting plate 21. An elastic strip 24 is fixedly connected to both ends of the mounting plate 21. A connecting block 25 is fixedly connected between the two sets of elastic strips 24. The second thermochromic block 23 is a NiO-based composite color-changing material.

[0043] In practical implementation, the thermal display structure 2 is fixed to the surface of columnar power equipment such as cables and busbars through a snap-fit ​​structure consisting of elastic strips 24 and connecting blocks 25 at both ends. When the equipment generates heat, the heat is conducted to the second temperature sensor 22 and the second thermochromic block 23 through the mounting plate 21 and connecting components. The second temperature sensor 22 senses the temperature in real time and can transmit data wirelessly; at the same time, when the temperature reaches the preset standard of the NiO-based composite color-changing material, the second thermochromic block 23 undergoes a significant and lasting color change, providing a local visual warning, thereby realizing passive wireless monitoring and intuitive status indication of the equipment.

[0044] Preferably, the thermal display structure 2 in this embodiment achieves rapid, secure, and non-destructive installation on the surface of cylindrical equipment such as cables and busbars through an innovative snap-fit ​​flexible installation design. This design is particularly suitable for cylindrical equipment scenarios where space is limited, drilling is not advisable, or wiring is difficult. It achieves a balance between installation flexibility, monitoring reliability, and intuitive early warning, significantly expanding the application scope and practicality of passive wireless temperature measurement technology.

[0045] Example 3, referring to Figure 1 As an embodiment of the present invention, based on the above embodiment, a thermal defect early warning method is provided, comprising the following steps: A1. Collect temperature information and compare it with a preset standard to generate comparison results, specifically: A11. Temperature information is collected, either in parallel or selectively, through two independent physical channels: First channel: Passive wireless temperature measurement signal acquisition, which is periodically or continuously transmitted by a dedicated radio frequency reader deployed near the monitoring point or held by the inspection personnel to the first temperature sensor 15 installed in the warning nut 1 of the equipment or the second temperature sensor 22 on the thermal display structure 2.

[0046] The antenna inside the device receives radio frequency energy, activating the integrated sensing and communication chip. The chip reads real-time temperature data, modulates this data with its unique device identifier, and transmits it back to the reader via backscatter. The reader receives and demodulates the radio frequency response signal to reconstruct the digitized temperature value and its source device ID. Subsequently, the reader uploads the data packet containing the device ID, temperature value, and timestamp to the information processing module of the background early warning system via a wired or wireless network.

[0047] Second channel: thermochromic visual information acquisition, which collects the color status of the first thermochromic block 17 of the warning nut 1 or the second thermochromic block 23 of the thermal display structure 2, and sends it to the information processing module of the warning system.

[0048] In one optional implementation, the color status of the thermochromic block can be collected through manual inspection. Specifically, the inspector regularly inspects the equipment and directly observes the color status of the first thermochromic block 17 or the second thermochromic block 23 by visual inspection. By referring to the standard color card or memory, the inspector determines whether the color has changed from the normal color to the warning color, such as from gray to red. The inspector records the observation results manually or reports them through a mobile terminal. For example, the observation results include, but are not limited to, location and status.

[0049] In another optional implementation, the color status of the thermochromic block can also be acquired through automatic image recognition. Specifically, a fixed camera equipped with a vision system or an automated inspection robot takes images of the monitoring points according to a predetermined route or cycle. The images are transmitted to the image analysis unit of the backend system, which automatically identifies and extracts the color features of the color-changing area of ​​the temperature measuring device in the image through a pre-trained computer vision algorithm. The color features are then compared with preset normal and abnormal color templates, and the system outputs a judgment result indicating whether the visual status is normal or abnormal, along with the corresponding device location information.

[0050] A12. Compare the temperature information with the preset standard and generate the comparison results, specifically: The system receives wireless temperature data streams from readers and / or visual status reports from manual or image recognition. Each piece of data is attached with a device location or ID, which is parsed, verified and stored in a real-time database by the system; For wireless temperature data: the system retrieves the first temperature threshold T preset for the corresponding monitoring point according to the device ID in the data packet, compares the real-time temperature value t with T numerically, and generates a comparison result, for example: If t<T, a normal temperature status is generated; If t≥T, an abnormal temperature status is generated; For visual status information: the system retrieves the preset visual status standard according to the reported location or ID. The received actual visual status is compared therewith to generate a comparison result; It should be noted that when the color status of the thermochromic block is collected through automatic image recognition, the following comparison process can be executed: using a computer vision algorithm, the region of the thermochromic block is automatically located and segmented in the image, and the average color or main color feature of this region is calculated; the analyzed color feature is compared with the pre-stored normal reference feature; at the same time, the system sets a color deviation threshold, which corresponds to the significant change of the NiO material from the normal color to the warning color; if the difference between the current color feature and the reference feature exceeds the deviation threshold, it is determined as abnormal temperature; otherwise, it is determined as normal temperature.

[0051] When the color status of the thermochromic block is collected by means of manual inspection, the inspector visually observes the color of the thermochromic block, and if it is found that the color changes to the preset warning color, it is determined as abnormal temperature.

[0052] A2. Generate and output an early warning signal based on the comparison result, specifically: When a comparison result of normal temperature is received, no operation is performed; When a comparison result of abnormal temperature is received, an early warning signal is generated and output to the terminal to remind the staff.

[0053] In an optional implementation, the early warning signal can be output and reminded through an acousto-optic alarm tower deployed in the main control room of a substation or an operation and maintenance center. Specifically, when the system generates an early warning signal, the alarm tower triggers a rotating warning light and a buzzer, and its integrated display screen locates and displays the abnormal equipment number and temperature information.

[0054] In another optional implementation, the early warning signal can also be output and reminded by directional pushing to the smart safety helmet of the relevant operation and maintenance personnel, and the audio module built in the safety helmet broadcasts the early warning information to realize real-time and accurate alarm for on-site operators.

[0055] Preferably, this invention provides a highly efficient and reliable dual-channel thermal defect early warning method. This method innovatively acquires and processes passive wireless temperature measurement signals and thermochromic visual information independently and in parallel. When the wireless channel accurately identifies an over-temperature event in real time, the system can automatically trigger a remote audible and visual or directional audio warning. When the wireless signal is interrupted or on-site confirmation is required, personnel or machine vision can rely on the persistent and intuitive color changes provided by the thermochromic material for independent judgment and reporting. This method fundamentally solves the failure risk of single monitoring methods under strong electromagnetic interference, signal obstruction, or equipment malfunctions, achieving all-weather, highly robust intelligent early warning of thermal defects in power equipment, significantly improving the safety and response efficiency of power grid operation and maintenance.

[0056] In summary, this invention creatively develops two core devices—a warning nut 1 suitable for bolted connections and a thermal display structure 2 (including planar adhesive and cylindrical snap-fit ​​types) applicable to different surface morphologies such as busbars, cabinets, and cables—through a dual-mode early warning mechanism integrating passive wireless temperature measurement and thermochromic materials. This achieves full-scene, all-weather coverage monitoring of various connection parts and surface morphologies of power equipment. The system requires no external power supply or wiring, fundamentally overcoming the technical limitations of harsh industrial environments such as high voltage, strong electromagnetic interference, humidity, and vibration. Furthermore, its dual-channel independent redundancy design ensures continuous and effective early warning even in the event of a single-channel failure. It combines deployment flexibility, environmental adaptability, and operational economy, providing a universal and reliable innovative solution for the intelligent prevention of thermal defects in power equipment.

[0057] Based on the above description of the implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented using software and necessary general-purpose hardware, and of course, it can also be implemented using hardware. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer floppy disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, hard disk, or optical disk, etc., including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0058] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal defect early warning system, characterized in that: include: Information acquisition module: used to acquire temperature information and transmit the temperature information to the information processing unit; Information processing module: used to receive the temperature information, compare the temperature information with a preset standard, generate a comparison result and output it to the signal generation module; Signal generation module; Used to generate and output early warning signals when the comparison results are abnormal.

2. The thermal defect early warning system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The information acquisition module is a warning nut (1), and the warning nut (1) includes: Nut body (11); the nut body (11) is used to connect with the screw rod of the power equipment; the nut body (11) is provided with internal threads; A groove (12) is provided on one side of the outer surface of the nut body (11), and a temperature measuring structure (13) is provided inside the groove (12). The temperature measuring structure (13) includes a temperature measuring element and a display element; the temperature measuring element includes a first temperature sensor (15) fixed in the groove (12) through a thermally conductive filler layer (14) and through the thermally conductive filler layer (14).

3. The thermal defect early warning system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The display component includes a card block (16) and a first thermochromic block (17). The card block (16) is bonded to the inside of the groove (12). The first thermochromic block (17) is disposed on the outer surface of the card block (16) away from the groove (12). The first thermochromic block (17) is a NiO-based composite color-changing material.

4. A thermal defect early warning system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The card block (16) is made of steel-ceramic material.

5. A thermal defect early warning system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The material of the thermally conductive filler layer (14) includes polysilazane.

6. A thermal defect early warning system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The information acquisition module is a thermal display structure (2), which includes: Mounting plate (21), which is fixed to the surface of the power equipment, and a second temperature sensor (22) and a second thermochromic block (23) are respectively provided on both sides of the mounting plate (21).

7. A thermal defect early warning system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The mounting plate (21) is a rectangular plate structure.

8. A thermal defect early warning system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The mounting plate (21) has a U-shaped structure. Both ends of the mounting plate (21) are fixedly connected with elastic strips (24), and a connecting block (25) is fixedly connected between the two sets of elastic strips (24).

9. A thermal defect early warning system as described in claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The second thermochromic block (23) is a NiO-based composite thermochromic material.

10. A method for early warning of thermal defects, applicable to the early warning system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: Collect temperature information and compare it with a preset standard to generate a comparison result; Based on the comparison results, an early warning signal is generated and output.

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