A device and method for simulating the destruction and migration of a broken rock hinge structure

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of broken rock layer hinged structure damage migration simulation test device and method, test device includes double-shaft loading system, left lower rock column, right lower rock column, supporting end left side block, supporting end right side block, two-point bending loading fixture, distributed film pressure measurement system, camera system;Double-shaft loading system is loaded axial load to hinged rock mass structure, and is loaded transverse load to hinged rock mass structure by two-point bending loading fixture.The application realizes the opposite synchronous servo application of initial axial stress by the multi-channel synchronous coordination controller of double-shaft loading system, so that laboratory hinged structure model restores engineering field in-situ occurrence state and stress condition deeply.Make in-situ axial stress and monitor induced axial stress change.Real-time measurement record induced axial stress using distributed film pressure measurement system, realize the fine measurement record of stress distribution in hinged structure migration process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rock strata transport technology in mining engineering, and in particular to a test apparatus and method for simulating the failure and transport of fractured rock strata hinged structures. Background Technology

[0002] Deep coal mining often involves the bending and fracturing of the roof strata, forming articulated rock mass structures under horizontal stress constraints. Under depth-direction loads (i.e., lateral loads on the articulated rock mass structures), these structures can accumulate significant energy. Local failure or instability can easily induce mine tremors and even rockbursts, seriously threatening the safety of the mining area, surface structures, and personnel. Therefore, scientifically simulating the failure and migration process of deep rock strata articulated structures under horizontal stress, and revealing the migration evolution and instability laws of these structures, is of great significance for the safe and efficient production of deep coal and other mineral resources. Currently, there are few experimental devices and methods to simulate the failure and migration process of rock strata articulated structures under horizontal stress. Existing laboratory testing methods involve manually applying horizontal loads (i.e., axial loads on the articulated rock mass structures) using simple axial loading devices, taking the average value from multiple small load sensors on the end face, and then using a servo pressure testing machine to apply lateral loads to simulate the stress conditions of the articulated rock mass structure. Such axial loading devices distort the application and measurement of axial loads on rock strata articulated structures and cannot measure the distribution of axial loads on the end faces of articulated structures. Therefore, they cannot calculate axial stress and cannot fully reveal the mechanical response and instability laws of rock strata migration.

[0003] Therefore, existing technologies still need improvement and development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a test device and method for simulating the failure and migration of a fractured rock layer articulated structure, in order to solve the problem that the loading device in the prior art cannot accurately measure the axial stress by simulating the migration of the rock layer articulated structure.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the technical problem is as follows: A test apparatus for simulating the failure and transport of a hinged structure in fractured rock strata, comprising: Dual-axis loading system, with an internal loading space; The lower left rock pillar is located at the lower left position of the loading space; The lower right rock pillar is located at the lower right position of the loading space; The left-side block of the support end is located on the lower left rock column; The right-side block of the support end is located on the lower right rock column; A two-point bending loading fixture is provided in the dual-axis loading system; A distributed membrane pressure measurement system includes: a membrane pressure sensor; The camera system is positioned facing the loading space. The dual-axis loading system includes a multi-channel synchronous coordination controller and a control terminal computer. The multi-channel synchronous coordination controller is electrically connected to the multi-channel synchronous coordination controller, the thin film pressure sensor, and the camera system, respectively. The left and right blocks of the support end are configured to clamp two articulated rock mass structures, with the ends of the two articulated rock mass structures abutting each other. The thin-film pressure sensor is located on the left side of the support end block away from the hinged rock mass structure, and / or the thin-film pressure sensor is located on the right side of the support end block away from the hinged rock mass structure; The two loading points of the two-point bending loading fixture correspond to the upper surfaces of the two hinged rock mass structures, respectively. The biaxial loading system applies axial loads to the articulated rock mass structure, and the two-point bending loading clamp applies lateral loads to the articulated rock mass structure. The camera system is configured to acquire images of the articulated rock mass structure in order to record the displacement of the articulated rock mass structure.

[0006] The aforementioned test device for simulating the failure and transport of articulated rock strata structures, wherein the two articulated rock mass structures have the same size and lithology; The lithology of the block on the left side of the support end, the lithology of the block on the right side of the support end, and the lithology of the articulated rock mass structure are all the same. The lithology of the lower left rock column is the same as that of the lower right rock column, and the uniaxial compressive strength of both the lower left rock column and the lower right rock column is greater than the uniaxial compressive strength of the articulated rock mass structure. The thin-film pressure sensor covers the end face of the left block of the support end or the end face of the right block of the support end.

[0007] The aforementioned experimental device for simulating the failure and transport of fractured rock strata articulated structures, wherein the biaxial loading system comprises: four loading components located at different positions within the loading space; and a two-point bending loading clamp positioned above the loading space; the loading components include: Loading cylinder; A force sensor is installed on the end face of the output shaft of the loading cylinder; A displacement magnetostrictive sensor is disposed on the side of the output shaft of the loading cylinder; A pressure plate is disposed on the force sensor; The loading cylinder, the force sensor, and the displacement magnetostrictive sensor are all electrically connected to the control computer. Each loading cylinder uses a servo valve, and the multi-channel synchronous coordination controller uses a CPU to complete the synchronous coordination control of multiple channels, so that each loading cylinder moves synchronously in both directions, accurately restoring the boundary constraint state after the rock strata are broken.

[0008] The aforementioned experimental device for simulating the failure and transport of fractured rock strata articulated structures, wherein the biaxial loading system comprises: Specimen stand; The first hydraulic cylinder abuts against the lower surface of the test piece stage; The second hydraulic cylinder is located above the specimen stage and is connected to the two-point bending loading fixture; Four levers are located around the loading space; A fixed baffle is attached to the pull rod. A movable baffle is fitted onto the pull rod; Two specimen load sensors are mounted on the fixed baffle. Side baffle, connected to the load sensor of the specimen; Four nuts are connected to the tie rod respectively; Four tie rod load sensors are located between the movable baffle and the corresponding nut, respectively; The first hydraulic cylinder, the second hydraulic cylinder, the specimen load sensor, and the tie rod load sensor are all electrically connected to the control computer. Both the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder use a servo valve. The multi-channel synchronous coordination controller uses a CPU to complete the synchronous coordination control of multiple channels, so that the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder can move synchronously in both directions, accurately restoring the boundary constraint state after the rock strata are broken. The specimen stage, the side baffle, the movable baffle, and the second hydraulic cylinder are located at different positions in the loading space. The two specimen load sensors are located on the upper and lower sides of the articulated rock mass structure, respectively.

[0009] The aforementioned experimental device for simulating the failure and transport of fractured rock strata articulated structures, wherein the two-point bending loading fixture comprises: Connecting plate, for connecting the dual-axis loading system; The mounting base is connected to the connecting plate; Two clamping supports are connected to the mounting base; The screw has two clamping supports connected to its two ends respectively; Two positioning blocks are respectively set on the corresponding clamping supports; Two support rollers are respectively set on the corresponding positioning blocks.

[0010] The aforementioned simulated test device for the failure and transport of fractured rock strata articulated structures, wherein the position of the clamping support on the mounting base is adjustable.

[0011] The aforementioned experimental device for simulating the failure and transport of fractured rock strata articulated structures, wherein the camera system includes: A camera is configured to acquire images of the articulated rock mass structure; A flashlight is configured to illuminate the articulated rock mass structure; The camera is electrically connected to the control computer.

[0012] The aforementioned simulated test device for the failure and transport of fractured rock strata articulated structures, wherein the distributed membrane pressure measurement system further includes: The data acquisition unit is electrically connected to the thin-film pressure sensor and the control terminal computer, respectively. The control terminal display is electrically connected to the data acquisition unit.

[0013] A test method for a simulation test device for the failure and transport of articulated fractured rock strata as described in any of the above claims, comprising the following steps: The biaxial loading system is controlled to apply the initial axial load to the target value in stages, and the calibrated by a thin-film pressure sensor after each loading stage stabilizes. The biaxial loading system is controlled to apply a lateral load until the test stop condition is met, at which point the loading is stopped. During the application of the lateral load, the applied load is recorded, and the axial stress distribution is recorded using a thin-film pressure sensor.

[0014] The test method of the simulated test device for the failure and migration of the articulated rock strata includes the following test stopping conditions: a 5% thickness slip occurs at the end of the articulated rock mass structure facing the left side of the support end; a 5% thickness slip occurs at the end of the articulated rock mass structure facing the right side of the support end; a macroscopic diagonal crack forms between the support roller and the lower part of the left side of the support end; a macroscopic diagonal crack forms between the support roller and the lower part of the right side of the support end; or failure occurs at the upper corner of the mid-span joint of the two articulated rock mass structures.

[0015] Beneficial effects: This application achieves counter-synchronous servo application of initial axial stress through a multi-channel synchronous coordination controller of a dual-axis loading system, enabling the laboratory articulated structure model to deeply reproduce the in-situ state and stress conditions of the engineering site. It applies in-situ axial stress and monitors changes in induced axial stress. A distributed thin-film pressure measurement system is used to measure and record the induced axial stress in real time, achieving refined measurement and recording of stress distribution during the movement of the articulated structure. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural test device for simulating the failure and transport of a hinged structure in a fractured rock layer, as described in this embodiment of the invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the articulated rock mass structure, the lower rock column, the supporting end side block, and the pressure plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the two-point bending loading fixture in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a side view of the two-point bending loading fixture in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Sectional view along line B.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the clamping support in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the clamping support in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a functional principle block diagram of the simulated test device for the failure and transport of fractured rock layer hinged structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the simulated test device for the failure and transport of the hinged structure of the fractured rock layer in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 Enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0027] Figure 12 This is a functional principle block diagram of a simulated test device for the failure and transport of a hinged structure in a fractured rock layer, according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10. Dual-axis loading system; 1a. Control computer; 1b. Loading assembly; 1b1. Loading cylinder; 1b2. Force sensor; 1b3. Displacement magnetostrictive sensor; 1b4. Pressure plate; 1c1. Specimen stage; 1c2. First hydraulic cylinder; 1c3. Second hydraulic cylinder; 1c4. Tie rod; 1c5. Fixed baffle; 1c6. Movable baffle; 1c7. Specimen load sensor; 1c8. Side baffle; 1c9. Nut; 1c10. Tie rod load sensor; 21. Lower left rock pillar; 22. Lower right rock pillar; 23. Left side block of the support end; 24. Right side block of the support end; 30. Two-point bending loading fixture; 31. Connecting plate; 32. Mounting base; 321. T-slot; 33. Clamping support; 331. Arc groove; 332. First through hole; 333. Second through hole; 334. Limiting block; 34. Screw; 35. Positioning block; 36. Support roller; 40. Distributed membrane pressure measurement system; 41. Membrane pressure sensor; 42. Data acquisition unit; 43. Control terminal visualization display; 50. Camera system; 51. Camera; 52. Flash unit; 60. Articulated rock mass structure. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0030] Please also refer to Figures 1-12 This invention provides some embodiments of a simulation test device for the failure and transport of a fractured rock layer hinged structure.

[0031] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the experimental apparatus for simulating the failure and transport of fractured rock strata articulated structures according to the present invention includes: The dual-axis loading system 10 forms an internal loading space; The lower left rock pillar 21 is located at the lower left position of the loading space; The lower right rock pillar 22 is located at the lower right position of the loading space; The left side block 23 of the support end is located on the lower left rock column 21; The right-side block 24 of the support end is located on the lower right rock column 22; A two-point bending loading fixture 30 is disposed in the dual-axis loading system 10; A distributed membrane pressure measurement system 40 includes: a membrane pressure sensor 41; The camera system 50 is oriented toward the location of the loading space; The dual-axis loading system 10 includes a multi-channel synchronous coordination controller and a control terminal computer 1a. The control terminal computer 1a is electrically connected to the multi-channel synchronous coordination controller, the thin-film pressure sensor 41, and the camera system 50. The left support block 23 and the right support block 24 are configured to clamp two articulated rock mass structures 60, with the ends of the two articulated rock mass structures 60 abutting against each other. The thin-film pressure sensor 41 is located on the side of the left support block 23 opposite to the articulated rock mass structure 60, and / or Alternatively, the thin-film pressure sensor 41 may be located on the side of the right block 24 of the support end away from the articulated rock mass structure 60; the two loading points of the two-point bending loading clamp 30 correspond to the upper surfaces of the two articulated rock mass structures 60 respectively; the biaxial loading system 10 applies an axial load to the articulated rock mass structure 60 and applies a lateral load to the articulated rock mass structure 60 through the two-point bending loading clamp 30; the camera system 50 is configured to acquire images of the articulated rock mass structure 60 to record the displacement of the articulated rock mass structure 60.

[0032] Specifically, the biaxial loading system 10 can apply loads in two directions. Based on the orientation defined by the articulated rock mass structure 60, the horizontal direction is the axial direction of the articulated rock mass structure 60, and the vertical direction is the transverse direction. The biaxial loading system 10 can apply axial and transverse loads to the articulated rock mass structure 60. The axial load is the load along the central axis of the articulated rock mass structure 60, and the transverse load is the load perpendicular to the central axis of the articulated rock mass structure 60. The biaxial loading system 10 forms a loading space, within which the articulated rock mass structure 60 is located. There are two articulated rock mass structures 60: a left articulated rock mass structure and a right articulated rock mass structure. The ends of the left and right articulated rock mass structures are brought into contact with each other. The loading space also includes support end blocks, which support the ends of the articulated rock mass structure 60. There are two support end blocks: a left support end block 23 and a right support end block 24, located on the left and right sides of the articulated rock mass structure 60, respectively. The left support end block 23 is located on the left side of the left articulated rock mass structure, and the right support end block 24 is located on the right side of the right articulated rock mass structure. The loading space also includes lower rock pillars, located below the support end blocks and supporting them. There are two lower rock pillars: a lower left rock pillar 21 and a lower right rock pillar 22, which support the left support end block 23 and the right support end block 24, respectively. The lower rock pillars do not support the articulated rock mass structure 60, nor do they interfere with the downward movement of the articulated rock mass structure 60. The two-point bending loading fixture 30 is positioned above the articulated rock mass structure 60. The biaxial loading system 10 applies a lateral load to the upper surface of the articulated rock mass structure 60 through the two-point bending loading fixture 30. The two-point bending loading fixture 30 forms two loading points, namely the left loading point and the right loading point. The left loading point corresponds to the middle position of the left articulated rock mass structure, and the right loading point corresponds to the middle position of the right articulated rock mass structure. When the articulated rock mass structure 60 is subjected to a lateral load, due to the fixed position of the axial constraint boundary, the articulated rock mass structure 60 generates a lever arm during its rotational motion, inducing the horizontal loading cylinder 1b1 of the biaxial loading test system to generate a horizontal constraint reaction force, i.e., an induced axial force.

[0033] A thin-film pressure sensor 41 is located on the side of the support end block away from the articulated rock mass structure 60. The thin-film pressure sensor 41 can collect the force distribution of the support end block. As loading progresses, the pressure on different positions on the end face of the support end block is not exactly the same. The camera system 50 captures images of the articulated rock mass structure 60, thereby recording the displacement of the articulated rock mass structure 60.

[0034] This application utilizes a multi-channel synchronous coordination controller in a dual-axis loading system 10 to achieve counter-synchronous servo application of initial axial stress, enabling the laboratory articulated structure model to accurately reproduce the in-situ state and stress conditions of the engineering site. It applies in-situ axial stress and monitors changes in induced axial stress. A distributed thin-film pressure measurement system 40 is used to measure and record the induced axial stress in real time, achieving refined measurement and recording of stress distribution during the movement of the articulated structure.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the two articulated rock mass structures 60 have the same size and lithology.

[0036] Specifically, the two articulated rock mass structures 60 are identical in size and are elongated rock masses. The two articulated rock mass structures have the same lithology; for example, they may be from the same excavated location. The lithology of the articulated rock mass structures includes uniaxial compressive strength, hardness, and composition. When the two articulated rock mass structures 60 have the same size and lithology, it is easier to establish experimental standards, as the scenario is more similar to that of actual rock masses, resulting in more accurate experimental data.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lithology of the left side block 23 of the support end, the lithology of the right side block 24 of the support end, and the lithology of the articulated rock mass structure 60 are all the same.

[0038] Specifically, the lithology of the supporting end side block is the same as that of the articulated rock mass structure 60.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lithology of the lower left rock column 21 is the same as that of the lower right rock column 22, and the uniaxial compressive strength of both the lower left rock column 21 and the lower right rock column 22 is greater than the uniaxial compressive strength of the articulated rock mass structure 60.

[0040] Specifically, the uniaxial compressive strength of the lower rock column is higher than that of the articulated rock mass structure 60. During the test, the lower rock column is not easily crushed, which makes it easier for the mechanical behavior of the articulated rock mass structure 60 to be fully recorded.

[0041] In a preferred implementation of this invention, such as Figure 3 and Figure 11 As shown, the thin-film pressure sensor 41 covers the end face of the left side block 23 of the support end or the end face of the right side block 24 of the support end.

[0042] Specifically, the size of the thin-film pressure sensor 41 is larger than the size of the end face of the support end block, so that the thin-film pressure sensor 41 completely covers the end face of the support end block, and can monitor the force at various positions on the end face of the support end block.

[0043] In a preferred implementation of this invention, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the dual-axis loading system 10 includes: four loading components 1b, which are located at different positions in the loading space; the two-point bending loading fixture 30 is disposed above the loading components 1b in the loading space.

[0044] Specifically, the biaxial loading system 10 can be of different types, for example, using four loading components 1b located in four directions to form a loading space in the middle. A two-point bending loading fixture 30 is mounted on the loading component 1b above the loading space. The left and right loading components 1b apply axial loads, while the upper and lower loading components 1b apply lateral loads.

[0045] In a preferred implementation of this invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 9 As shown, the loading component 1b includes: Loading cylinder 1b1; Force sensor 1b2 is disposed on the end face of the output shaft of the loading cylinder 1b1; A displacement magnetostrictive sensor 1b3 is disposed on the side of the output shaft of the loading cylinder 1b1; Pressure plate 1b4 is disposed on the force sensor 1b2; The loading cylinder 1b1, the force sensor 1b2, and the displacement magnetostrictive sensor 1b3 are all electrically connected to the control computer 1a. Each loading cylinder 1b1 uses a servo valve, and the multi-channel synchronous coordination controller uses a CPU (Central Processing Unit) to complete the synchronous coordination control of the multi-channel, so that each loading cylinder 1b1 moves synchronously in both directions, accurately restoring the boundary constraint state after the rock strata are fractured.

[0046] Specifically, the loading cylinder 1b1 is extendable, thereby pushing the pressure plate 1b4 through the output shaft to apply a load. The control computer 1a adjusts the hydraulic oil flow based on sensor signals, driving the actuator piston to generate linear motion acting on the pressure plate 1b4, used to apply lateral and axial loads to the articulated rock mass structure 60. A force sensor 1b2 is located between the output shaft and the pressure plate 1b4, configured to monitor the load applied by the loading assembly 1b. A displacement magnetostrictive sensor 1b3 is located on the side of the output shaft, configured to monitor the movement position of the output shaft, thereby improving the loading accuracy of the loading assembly 1b. The pressure plate 1b4 contacts the support end side block, the lower rock column, or connects the two-point bending loading clamp 30.

[0047] All four loading components 1b can apply loads. The four loading components 1b are the upper loading component, lower loading component, left loading component, and right loading component. The pressure plate 1b4 of the left loading component contacts the left side block 23 of the support end, the pressure plate 1b4 of the right loading component contacts the right side block 24 of the support end, the pressure plate 1b4 of the lower loading component contacts the lower rock column, and the pressure plate 1b4 of the upper loading component is connected to the two-point bending loading clamp 30.

[0048] In a preferred implementation of this invention, such as Figure 10 and Figure 12 As shown, the dual-axis loading system 10 includes: Specimen stand 1c1; The first hydraulic cylinder 1c2 abuts against the lower surface of the test piece stage 1c1; The second hydraulic cylinder 1c3 is located above the specimen stage 1c1 and is connected to the two-point bending loading fixture 30. Four levers 1c4 are located around the loading space; Fixed baffle 1c5 is fixed to the pull rod 1c4; The movable baffle 1c6 is sleeved on the pull rod 1c4; Two specimen load sensors 1c7 are mounted on the fixed baffle 1c5; Side baffle 1c8 is connected to the specimen load sensor 1c7; Four nuts 1c9 are respectively connected to the pull rod 1c4; Four tie rod load sensors 1c10 are respectively located between the movable baffle 1c6 and the corresponding nut 1c9; The first hydraulic cylinder 1c2, the second hydraulic cylinder 1c3, the specimen load sensor 1c7, and the tie rod load sensor 1c10 are all electrically connected to the control computer 1a. The first hydraulic cylinder 1c2 and the second hydraulic cylinder 1c3 each use a servo valve. The multi-channel synchronous coordination controller uses a CPU to perform multi-channel synchronous coordination control, enabling the first hydraulic cylinder 1c2 and the second hydraulic cylinder 1c3 to move synchronously in both directions, accurately restoring the boundary constraint state after rock strata fracture. The specimen platform 1c1, the side baffle 1c8, the movable baffle 1c6, and the second hydraulic cylinder 1c3 are located at different positions within the loading space. The two specimen load sensors 1c7 are located on the upper and lower sides of the articulated rock mass structure 60, respectively.

[0049] Specifically, in another type of biaxial loading system 10, fasteners, such as nuts 1c9, can be used to apply axial loads to the articulated rock mass structure 60. Adjusting the position of the fasteners can adjust the load on the articulated rock mass structure 60; for example, tightening nut 1c9 gradually increases the load on the articulated rock mass structure 60, while loosening nut 1c9 gradually decreases the load. The biaxial loading system 10 can also use hydraulic cylinders to apply lateral loads to the articulated rock mass structure 60. The specimen stage 1c1 supports the lower rock column, and side baffles 1c8 and movable baffles 1c6 respectively support the support end side blocks. A thin-film pressure sensor 41 is located between the side baffle 1c8 and the support end side block, and / or between the movable baffle 1c6 and the support end side block. A tension rod load sensor 1c10 is configured to monitor axial stress. When adjusting nut 1c9, the load monitored by tie rod load sensor 1c10 is the axial stress on the articulated rock mass structure 60. Specimen load sensor 1c7 is configured to monitor the induced axial stress during the application of lateral load. When a lateral load is applied to the articulated rock mass structure 60 via two-point bending loading fixture 30, specimen load sensor 1c7 monitors the induced axial stress. First hydraulic cylinder 1c2 applies the lateral load via specimen platform 1c1, and second hydraulic cylinder 1c3 applies the lateral load via two-point bending loading fixture 30.

[0050] In a preferred implementation of this invention, such as Figures 2-8 As shown, the two-point bending loading fixture 30 includes: Connecting plate 31 connects to the dual-axis loading system 10; Mounting base 32 is connected to the connecting plate 31; Two clamping supports 33 are connected to the mounting base 32; The screw 34 is connected to two clamping supports 33 at both ends; Two positioning blocks 35 are respectively set on the corresponding clamping supports 33; Two support rollers 36 are respectively set on the corresponding positioning blocks 35.

[0051] Specifically, the connecting plate 31 is connected to the pressure plate 1b4 of the loading assembly or the second hydraulic cylinder 1c3. The connecting plate 31 is bolted to the mounting base 32, and the clamping support 33 is bolted to the mounting base 32. There can be two connecting plates 31, located on both sides of the mounting base 32. The clamping support 33 is installed on the lower surface of the mounting base 32, and the screw 34 is located between the two clamping supports 33. The positioning block 35 is installed on the clamping support 33, and the positioning block 35 can fix the position of the support roller 36. The support roller 36 contacts the upper surface of the articulated rock mass structure 60. An arc-shaped groove 331 is formed on the clamping support 33 to accommodate the support roller 36. Under the action of the arc-shaped groove 331 and the positioning block 35, the support roller 36 is always located within the arc-shaped groove 331. The surface of the support roller 36 is arc-shaped, so even if the articulated rock mass structure 60 is displaced, the support roller 36 can still abut well against the upper surface of the articulated rock mass structure 60. A first through hole 332 is formed on the clamping support 33, and the screw 34 passes through the first through hole 332 and is fixed by a nut. There can be two screws 34, which increases the stability of the clamping support 33.

[0052] In a preferred implementation of this invention, such as Figures 4-7 As shown, the position of the clamping support 33 on the mounting base 32 is adjustable.

[0053] Specifically, a T-slot 321 is formed on the mounting base 32, into which bolts can be inserted. Adjusting the position of the bolts within the T-slot 321 adjusts the position of the clamping support 33. A second through hole 333 is formed on the clamping support 33, through which bolts pass and are secured with nuts. A limiting block 334 is provided on the clamping support 33, extending into the T-slot 321 to restrict the position of the clamping support 33 relative to the mounting base 32.

[0054] In a preferred implementation of this invention, such as Figure 9 and Figure 12 As shown, the camera system 50 includes: Camera 51 is configured to acquire images of the articulated rock mass structure 60; Flashlight 52 is configured to illuminate the articulated rock mass structure 60; The camera 51 is electrically connected to the control computer 1a.

[0055] Specifically, the light emitted by the flash 52 illuminates the articulated rock mass structure 60 and is reflected to the camera 51 so that the camera 51 can obtain a clearer image.

[0056] In a preferred implementation of this invention, such as Figure 9 and Figure 12 As shown, the distributed membrane pressure measurement system 40 further includes: The data acquisition unit 42 is electrically connected to the thin-film pressure sensor 41 and the control terminal computer 1a, respectively; The control terminal visualization display 43 is electrically connected to the data acquisition unit 42.

[0057] Specifically, the data acquisition unit 42 acquires the measurement data of the thin-film pressure sensor 41, and the control terminal visualization display 43 can display the measurement data of the thin-film pressure sensor 41. The control terminal visualization display 43 and the data acquisition unit 42 can be electrically connected to the control terminal computer 1a.

[0058] A biaxial loading test system equipped with a multi-channel synchronous coordination controller performs bidirectional synchronous control and monitoring of the axial stress and displacement of the articulated rock mass structure 60. The upper loading end of the biaxial loading test system is connected to a two-point bending loading test device to transfer the transverse linear load to the articulated rock mass specimen. A high-speed camera 51 facing the surface of the specimen and a distributed thin-film pressure sensor 41 attached to the support end face enable accurate measurement of the axial stress and its distribution evolution of the articulated rock mass specimen.

[0059] Based on the above-described simulation test device for the failure and transport of articulated fractured rock strata, the present invention also provides a preferred embodiment of the test method for the simulation test device for the failure and transport of articulated fractured rock strata.

[0060] The testing method of this invention includes the following steps: Step S100: Control the biaxial loading system to apply the initial axial load to the target value in stages. After each loading stage stabilizes, the system is calibrated using a thin-film pressure sensor. Step S200: Control the biaxial loading system to apply a lateral load until the test stop condition is met, then stop loading; during the application of the lateral load, record the applied load and record the axial force distribution through a thin-film pressure sensor.

[0061] Specifically, the experiment preparation begins with: constructing an experimental model of the articulated rock mass structure, aiming a high-speed camera lens at the structure to capture its displacement and failure process; and placing the sensing area of ​​the thin-film pressure sensor between the end face of the support plate and the horizontal loading plate of the biaxial loading test system. After preparation, the initial axial load is gradually increased until it reaches the target value. Calibration is performed using the thin-film pressure sensor after each increase in initial axial load. For example, the initial axial load can be increased to the target value in six increments. The target value can be set as needed, for example, based on the pressure of the mining environment of the articulated rock mass structure. The pressure distribution monitored by the thin-film pressure sensor may change with each increase in initial axial load.

[0062] After the initial axial load reaches the target value, a lateral load is applied. Specifically, a two-point bending loading fixture is moved at a certain speed, and a lateral load is applied to the upper surface of the articulated rock mass structure. The moving speed of the two-point bending loading fixture can be 0.02~0.1 mm / min, for example, a moving speed of 0.06 mm / min. During the experiment, the axial and lateral loads and displacements of the articulated rock mass structure are recorded, and a thin-film pressure sensor is used to monitor the evolution of the axial stress distribution at the ends.

[0063] The test termination conditions include: a 5% thickness slippage at the end of the articulated rock mass structure facing the left block of the support end; a 5% thickness slippage at the end of the articulated rock mass structure facing the right block of the support end; the formation of a macroscopic diagonal crack between the support roller and the lower part of the left block of the support end; the formation of a macroscopic diagonal crack between the support roller and the lower part of the right block of the support end; or damage at the upper corner of the mid-span joint of the two articulated rock mass structures.

[0064] By innovatively introducing and controlling bidirectional horizontal tectonic stress, the occurrence and stress environment of articulated rock mass structures in underground mines can be more realistically reproduced. The overall technical effect lies in achieving a physical simulation of the mechanical response of deep rock mass articulated structures under in-situ horizontal geostress in laboratory conditions. This allows for precise observation and analysis of the impact of horizontal stress on the failure and migration of articulated rock mass structures, providing an experimental platform and data support for the verification and correction of relevant theoretical models, as well as the prevention and control of mine-related seismic and rockburst sources.

[0065] It should be understood that the application of the present invention is not limited to the examples above. Those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating the failure and transport of a hinged structure in fractured rock strata, characterized in that, include: Dual-axis loading system, with an internal loading space; The lower left rock pillar is located at the lower left position of the loading space; The lower right rock pillar is located at the lower right position of the loading space; The left-side block of the support end is located on the lower left rock column; The right-side block of the support end is located on the lower right rock column; A two-point bending loading fixture is provided in the dual-axis loading system; A distributed membrane pressure measurement system includes: a membrane pressure sensor; The camera system is positioned facing the loading space. The dual-axis loading system includes a multi-channel synchronous coordination controller and a control terminal computer. The control terminal computer is electrically connected to the multi-channel synchronous coordination controller, the thin-film pressure sensor, and the camera system, respectively. The left and right blocks of the support end are configured to clamp two articulated rock mass structures, with the ends of the two articulated rock mass structures abutting each other. The thin-film pressure sensor is located on the left side of the support end block away from the hinged rock mass structure, and / or the thin-film pressure sensor is located on the right side of the support end block away from the hinged rock mass structure; The two loading points of the two-point bending loading fixture correspond to the upper surfaces of the two hinged rock mass structures, respectively. The biaxial loading system applies axial loads to the articulated rock mass structure, and the two-point bending loading clamp applies lateral loads to the articulated rock mass structure. The camera system is configured to acquire images of the articulated rock mass structure in order to record the displacement of the articulated rock mass structure.

2. The experimental device for simulating the failure and transport of fractured rock strata articulated structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two articulated rock mass structures are identical in size and lithology; The lithology of the block on the left side of the support end, the lithology of the block on the right side of the support end, and the lithology of the articulated rock mass structure are all the same. The lithology of the lower left rock column is the same as that of the lower right rock column, and the uniaxial compressive strength of both the lower left rock column and the lower right rock column is greater than the uniaxial compressive strength of the articulated rock mass structure. The thin-film pressure sensor covers the end face of the left block of the support end or the end face of the right block of the support end.

3. The experimental device for simulating the failure and transport of fractured rock strata articulated structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-axis loading system includes: four loading components located at different positions within the loading space; the two-point bending loading fixture is disposed above the loading component in the loading space; the loading component includes: Loading cylinder; A force sensor is installed on the end face of the output shaft of the loading cylinder; A displacement magnetostrictive sensor is disposed on the side of the output shaft of the loading cylinder; A pressure plate is disposed on the force sensor; The loading cylinder, the force sensor, and the displacement magnetostrictive sensor are all electrically connected to the control computer. Each loading cylinder uses a servo valve, and the multi-channel synchronous coordination controller uses a CPU to complete the synchronous coordination control of multiple channels, so that each loading cylinder moves synchronously in both directions, accurately restoring the boundary constraint state after the rock strata are broken.

4. The experimental device for simulating the failure and transport of fractured rock strata articulated structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dual-axis loading system includes: Specimen stand; The first hydraulic cylinder abuts against the lower surface of the test piece stage; The second hydraulic cylinder is located above the specimen stage and is connected to the two-point bending loading fixture; Four levers are located around the loading space; A fixed baffle is attached to the pull rod. A movable baffle is fitted onto the pull rod; Two specimen load sensors are mounted on the fixed baffle. Side baffle, connected to the load sensor of the specimen; Four nuts are connected to the tie rod respectively; Four tie rod load sensors are located between the movable baffle and the corresponding nut, respectively; The first hydraulic cylinder, the second hydraulic cylinder, the specimen load sensor, and the tie rod load sensor are all electrically connected to the control computer. Both the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder use a servo valve. The multi-channel synchronous coordination controller uses a CPU to complete the synchronous coordination control of multiple channels, so that the first hydraulic cylinder and the second hydraulic cylinder move synchronously in both directions, accurately restoring the boundary constraint state after the rock strata are broken. The specimen stage, the side baffle, the movable baffle, and the second hydraulic cylinder are located at different positions in the loading space. The two specimen load sensors are located on the upper and lower sides of the articulated rock mass structure, respectively.

5. The experimental device for simulating the failure and transport of fractured rock strata articulated structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two-point bending loading fixture includes: Connecting plate, for connecting the dual-axis loading system; The mounting base is connected to the connecting plate; Two clamping supports are connected to the mounting base; The screw has two clamping supports connected to its two ends respectively; Two positioning blocks are respectively set on the corresponding clamping supports; Two support rollers are respectively set on the corresponding positioning blocks.

6. The experimental device for simulating the failure and transport of fractured rock strata articulated structures according to claim 5, characterized in that, The position of the clamping support on the mounting base is adjustable.

7. The experimental device for simulating the failure and transport of fractured rock strata articulated structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The camera system includes: A camera is configured to acquire images of the articulated rock mass structure; A flashlight is configured to illuminate the articulated rock mass structure; The camera is electrically connected to the control computer.

8. The experimental device for simulating the failure and transport of fractured rock strata articulated structures according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distributed thin-film pressure measurement system also includes: The data acquisition unit is electrically connected to the thin-film pressure sensor and the control terminal computer, respectively. The control terminal display is electrically connected to the data acquisition unit.

9. A test method for a test apparatus for simulating the failure and transport of a fractured rock strata articulated structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Including the following steps: The biaxial loading system is controlled to apply the initial axial load to the target value in stages, and the calibrated by a thin-film pressure sensor after each loading stage stabilizes. The biaxial loading system is controlled to apply a lateral load until the test stop condition is met, at which point the loading is stopped. During the application of the lateral load, the applied load is recorded, and the axial stress distribution is recorded using a thin-film pressure sensor.

10. The test method of the simulated test device for the failure and transport of fractured rock strata articulated structures according to claim 9, characterized in that, The test termination conditions include: a 5% thickness slippage at the end of the articulated rock mass structure facing the left block of the support end; a 5% thickness slippage at the end of the articulated rock mass structure facing the right block of the support end; the formation of a macroscopic diagonal crack between the support roller and the lower part of the left block of the support end; the formation of a macroscopic diagonal crack between the support roller and the lower part of the right block of the support end; or damage at the upper corner of the mid-span joint of the two articulated rock mass structures.

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