Mechanical sensor-based anchor rod energy absorption performance evaluation device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a mechanical sensor-based anchor rod energy absorption performance evaluation device and method, relates to the technical field of anchor rod energy absorption performance detection, and comprises an eccentricity adjusting assembly, the upper end face of which is fixed with a loading cylinder body through a gantry; an anchoring assembly fixed on the eccentricity adjusting assembly and located below the loading cylinder body; a clamping assembly fixed on the output end of the loading cylinder body; an anchor rod assembly arranged between the anchoring assembly and the clamping assembly; a detection assembly fixed below the clamping assembly and sleeved on the outer wall of the anchor rod assembly; and sensors configured as a plurality of sensors and distributed in the clamping assembly and the detection assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of anchor bolt energy absorption detection technology, specifically to an anchor bolt energy absorption performance evaluation device based on mechanical sensors. Background Technology

[0002] The mechanical performance testing of energy-absorbing anchor bolts is mainly divided into two categories: in-situ testing devices and indoor testing devices. In-situ testing devices typically use jacks as loading devices, with the surrounding rock providing reaction support. Based on the principle of action and reaction, they test the pull-out resistance of the anchor bolt. However, this type of device has a simple structure, low measurement accuracy, and can only test the pull-out strength of the anchor bolt, failing to obtain the relationship between the force and deformation of the anchor bolt. Therefore, it cannot evaluate the performance of the energy-absorbing anchor bolt. Indoor testing devices mainly evaluate the performance of energy-absorbing anchor bolts through static tensile and drop hammer impact tests. However, existing indoor testing devices and methods still have the following shortcomings:

[0003] First, the test object is the entire rod system, which cannot achieve precise testing of the core energy-absorbing components; second, it cannot truly simulate the expansion stress state of the energy-absorbing sleeve under the constraint of the surrounding rock; third, there is a lack of multi-dimensional monitoring methods for the non-uniform expansion deformation of the energy-absorbing sleeve; fourth, due to the cumulative error of the entire chain of manufacturing, assembly, operation and stress of the anchor rod, the eccentric loading angle will be uncontrollable.

[0004] To address the above problems, this invention provides a device and method for evaluating the energy absorption performance of anchor bolts based on mechanical sensors, thereby solving the aforementioned issues. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an anchor bolt energy absorption performance evaluation device based on a mechanical sensor, comprising:

[0006] The eccentric adjustment component has a loading cylinder fixed to its upper end face by a gantry frame.

[0007] An anchoring assembly is fixed to the eccentric adjustment assembly and located below the loading cylinder.

[0008] A clamping assembly is fixed to the output end of the loading cylinder.

[0009] An anchor assembly is disposed between the anchoring assembly and the clamping assembly;

[0010] The detection component is fixed below the clamping component and sleeved on the outer wall of the anchor bolt assembly;

[0011] Multiple sensors are configured and distributed within the clamping assembly and the detection assembly.

[0012] Further, preferably, the eccentricity adjustment component includes:

[0013] The base has two symmetrically fixed plates inside.

[0014] The first adjustment element is configured in multiple parts and symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the base;

[0015] The second adjusting member is configured in multiple ways and is respectively disposed on the two fixed plates;

[0016] The mounting base is slidably disposed between a plurality of the first and second adjusting members.

[0017] Furthermore, preferably, both the first and second adjusting members include a screw and a wheel for adjusting the horizontal position of the mounting base.

[0018] Further, preferably, the anchoring assembly includes:

[0019] A connecting seat is fixed at the center of the mounting seat, and a hydraulic chamber is provided at its bottom;

[0020] The piston is sealed and slidably disposed within the hydraulic chamber;

[0021] Multiple limiting posts are configured and evenly arranged circumferentially within the connecting seat, and are connected to the upper end face of the piston by multiple tension springs.

[0022] An anchor is slidably disposed within the connecting seat, and its lower end face is fixedly connected to the plurality of limiting posts;

[0023] One or at least two limit bolts are symmetrically threaded onto the outer wall of the anchor.

[0024] A fastening nut is positioned above the anchor.

[0025] The anchor and the fastening nut are both threadedly connected to the anchor bolt assembly.

[0026] Further, preferably, the clamping assembly includes:

[0027] The connector is fixed to the output end of the loading cylinder and is hollow inside.

[0028] There are at least two limiting bolts, which are symmetrically threaded onto the outer wall of the connector.

[0029] A threaded sleeve is coaxially rotatably mounted on the lower end face of the connector.

[0030] Further, preferably, the anchor bolt assembly includes:

[0031] A rod body with a tapered component fixed to its upper end face;

[0032] An energy-absorbing sleeve is fitted onto the outer wall of the tapered member, and its upper end is threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve.

[0033] Further, preferably, the detection component includes:

[0034] The detection cylinder is fixed to the lower end face of the threaded sleeve;

[0035] The loading components are configured in multiples and are evenly distributed circumferentially on the side wall of the detection cylinder;

[0036] The loading component includes an adjusting cylinder fixed to the outer wall of the detection cylinder. A sliding column and an adjusting plate are slidably disposed inside the adjusting cylinder. A pressing spring is disposed between the sliding column and the adjusting plate. An adjusting screw is rotatably disposed on the side of the adjusting plate away from the sliding column. The adjusting screw passes through the adjusting cylinder and is threadedly connected to the adjusting cylinder. One end of the sliding column extends into the detection cylinder and is hinged to a pressing block.

[0037] Further, preferably, the sensor includes:

[0038] A first displacement sensor is disposed between the energy-absorbing sleeve and the conical component;

[0039] A second displacement sensor is disposed between the sliding column and the adjusting disk;

[0040] The third pressure sensor is located between the pressing block and the energy-absorbing sleeve.

[0041] A method for evaluating the energy absorption performance of anchor bolts based on mechanical sensors, comprising the following steps:

[0042] S1. Anchoring section installation: The lower end of the anchor bolt assembly is fixedly installed inside the anchoring assembly;

[0043] S2. Coaxial adjustment, by adjusting the first and second adjusting components and the mounting base, so that the upper end axis of the anchor bolt assembly is aligned with the axis of the clamping assembly;

[0044] S3. Anchor bolt assembly installation: Fix the upper end of the anchoring assembly inside the clamping assembly, and fit the detection assembly onto the outer wall of the energy-absorbing sleeve.

[0045] S4. Simulate surrounding rock constraints. Adjust the position of the piston through the hydraulic chamber to apply initial tension to the anchoring section of the anchor bolt assembly, simulating the limited stiffness of the surrounding rock in the anchoring section. Simulate the radial pressure of the surrounding rock on the energy-absorbing sleeve by adjusting the screw.

[0046] S5. Data acquisition: By slowly applying tension to the loading cylinder, data from multiple sensors are recorded simultaneously, and the energy absorption performance of the energy-absorbing sleeve is calculated by combining the applied tension value.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an anchor bolt energy absorption performance evaluation device based on mechanical sensors, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0048] (1) Eliminate eccentric loading and ensure test accuracy. By setting up an eccentric adjustment component, the first and second adjustment components can be used to make precise XY bidirectional adjustment of the mounting base in the horizontal plane. This can effectively compensate for the axial deviation of the anchor rod caused by manufacturing tolerance, cumulative assembly error and manual operation error, and ensure that the anchor rod assembly and the output end of the loading cylinder are accurately aligned, thus fundamentally eliminating the interference of eccentric loading on the test data.

[0049] (2) To realize the simulation of the limited stiffness of the anchoring end, the anchoring component can apply a controllable initial tension to the anchoring section and allow the anchoring end to generate a small elastic displacement through the coordinated cooperation of the hydraulic chamber, piston and tension spring, so as to truly simulate the force boundary conditions of the anchor rod anchored in the surrounding rock with limited stiffness, and overcome the defect of the traditional rigid connection overestimating the constant resistance.

[0050] (3) To achieve independent and locally adjustable loading of radial confining pressure on the energy-absorbing sleeve, multiple loading components are independently arranged along the circumference of the detection cylinder in the detection assembly. Each loading component applies independent radial pressure to the outer wall of the energy-absorbing sleeve through adjusting screw, pressing spring and pressing block. Each loading component is not connected to each other and responds independently, which truly simulates the local constraint characteristics of the surrounding rock on the sleeve.

[0051] (4) Synchronous acquisition of multi-dimensional mechanical parameters is achieved. The relative slippage between the conical part and the energy-absorbing sleeve is monitored by the first displacement sensor, the radial compression of each loading component is monitored by the second displacement sensor, and the local confining pressure value at each point on the outer wall of the sleeve is monitored by the third pressure sensor. Combined with the tensile data of the loading cylinder, the high synchronization acquisition of multiple physical quantities such as load, slippage and confining pressure is achieved, providing a complete data foundation for the accurate evaluation of energy absorption performance. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the eccentric adjustment component structure of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the anchoring component structure of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the detection component structure of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the loading component structure of the present invention;

[0057] In the diagram: 1. Eccentric adjustment assembly; 2. Anchoring assembly; 3. Gantry frame; 4. Loading cylinder; 5. Clamping assembly; 6. Anchor bolt assembly; 7. Detection assembly; 11. Base; 12. Fixing plate; 13. First adjusting component; 14. Second adjusting component; 15. Mounting seat; 21. Connecting seat; 22. Hydraulic chamber; 23. Piston; 24. Limiting pin; 25. Tension spring; 26. Anchoring ring; 27. Limiting bolt one; 28. Fastening nut; 51. Connecting component; 52. Limiting bolt two; 53. Threaded sleeve; 61. Rod body; 62. Conical component; 63. Energy-absorbing sleeve; 71. Detection cylinder; 72. Loading assembly; 73. Adjusting cylinder; 74. Sliding column; 75. Adjusting disc; 76. Adjusting screw; 77. Pressing spring; 78. Pressing block. Detailed Implementation

[0058] This invention provides a technical solution: an anchor bolt energy absorption performance evaluation device based on mechanical sensors, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the anchor bolt energy absorption performance evaluation device based on mechanical sensors provided by the present invention includes an eccentric adjustment component 1, an anchoring component 2, a gantry frame 3, a loading cylinder 4, a clamping component 5, an anchor bolt component 6, and a detection component 7.

[0059] The eccentric adjustment assembly 1 is installed on the test platform or the ground. The gantry 3 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the eccentric adjustment assembly 1. The loading cylinder 4 is fixedly installed on the top crossbeam of the gantry 3, with its output end extending vertically downward. The anchoring assembly 2 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the eccentric adjustment assembly 1 and is located directly below the output end of the loading cylinder 4. The clamping assembly 5 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the output end of the loading cylinder 4. The anchor rod assembly 6 is set between the anchoring assembly 2 and the clamping assembly 5. The detection assembly 7 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the clamping assembly 5 and sleeved on the outside of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63 of the anchor rod assembly 6.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, the eccentric adjustment assembly 1 includes a base 11, a fixing plate 12, a first adjusting member 13, a second adjusting member 14, and a mounting base 15;

[0061] The base 11 has two fixed plates 12 symmetrically fixed inside. The two fixed plates 12 extend along the length of the base 11. There are multiple first adjusting members 13, which are symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the base 11. Each first adjusting member 13 includes a screw and a wheel. The screw horizontally passes through the side wall of the base 11 and slides against the side wall of the mounting seat 15. There are multiple second adjusting members 14, which are respectively set on the two fixed plates 12. They also include a screw and a wheel. The screw horizontally passes through the fixed plate 12 and slides against the side wall of the mounting seat 15. The mounting seat 15 is slidably set inside the base 11, between the first adjusting members 13 and the second adjusting members 14.

[0062] By rotating the wheel of the first adjusting member 13, the mounting base 15 can be driven to move horizontally in the X direction; by rotating the wheel of the second adjusting member 14, the mounting base 15 can be driven to move horizontally in the Y direction, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the mounting base 15 at any position in the horizontal plane.

[0063] In other words, eccentricity is unavoidable throughout the entire chain of manufacturing, assembly, operation, and stress application of anchor bolts and their components. Initial bending occurs during heat treatment and transportation; coaxiality deviation exists in the connection between the cone and the bolt; rolling tolerances exist in the sleeve wall thickness; radial clearance exists in threaded connections; and the clamping force is difficult to be absolutely uniform in the circumferential direction during manual clamping. These errors accumulate step by step, and if not actively compensated, will lead to an uncontrollable eccentricity between the anchor bolt axis and the output axis of the loading cylinder, causing unilateral wear of the cone within the sleeve, resulting in a significant deviation of the measured constant resistance from the true value.

[0064] Through the coordinated operation of the first adjusting component 13 and the second adjusting component 14, the axis of the anchor bolt assembly 6 can be actively compensated after the sample is installed, ensuring that it is precisely aligned with the output end of the loading cylinder 4, thus fundamentally eliminating the interference of eccentric loading on the test data. At the same time, this structure also provides a technical basis for asymmetric loading simulation. When it is necessary to study the bending-tension combined stress performance of the energy-absorbing anchor bolt under non-uniform deformation of the tunnel, a controllable eccentricity can be actively applied through this component, extending the test from a single pure axial tension to a bending-tension combined load condition.

[0065] After centering is completed, the first adjusting member 13 and the second adjusting member 14 are locked to fix the position of the mounting base 15. Preferably, the screws of the first adjusting member 13 and the second adjusting member 14 are also provided with locking nuts. After the adjustment is in place, the locking nuts are tightened to prevent the mounting base 15 from shifting due to vibration during the loading process.

[0066] like Figure 3 As shown, the anchoring assembly 2 includes a connecting seat 21, a hydraulic chamber 22, a piston 23, a limiting post 24, a tension spring 25, an anchor 26, a limiting bolt 27, and a fastening nut 28.

[0067] The connecting seat 21 is fixedly installed at the center of the upper end face of the mounting seat 15. It is hollow inside, with a hydraulic chamber 22 at the bottom. The piston 23 is slidably and sealed within the hydraulic chamber 22, dividing it into an upper chamber and a lower chamber. The lower chamber is connected to an external hydraulic source via a hydraulic pipeline, while the upper chamber is connected to the atmosphere via an exhaust port. Multiple limiting posts 24 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the connecting seat 21. The lower end of each limiting post 24 is elastically connected to the upper end face of the piston 23 via a tension spring 25. The anchor 26 slides... The anchor 26 is located inside the connecting seat 21, and its lower end face is fixedly connected to the upper end face of multiple limiting posts 24. The inner wall of the anchor 26 is provided with an internal thread that matches the external thread of the lower end of the anchor rod assembly 6. There are at least two limiting bolts 27, which are symmetrically threaded onto the outer wall of the anchor 26. Their inner ends can abut against the rod body 61 of the anchor rod assembly 6 to achieve auxiliary locking. The fastening nut 28 is located above the anchor 26 and is threadedly connected to the lower end of the anchor rod assembly 6 to lock and fix the lower end of the anchor rod assembly 6 to the anchor 26.

[0068] Existing indoor testing devices typically rigidly fix the anchoring end of the anchor rod in a clamp. However, in real-world engineering, the anchoring end of the energy-absorbing anchor rod is anchored in surrounding rock with finite stiffness. When the cone block is pulled and the sleeve diameter is expanded, the surrounding rock in the anchoring section undergoes slight elastic compression deformation under tension, resulting in attenuation of the anchoring force transmitted along the rod. If a rigid connection is used, it is equivalent to assuming the surrounding rock is an absolutely rigid body, which would overestimate the actual constant resistance of the anchor rod in the project. This is addressed by setting up the hydraulic chamber 22, piston 23, and tension spring 25 in synergy. In conjunction with the experiment, before the experiment, high-pressure oil is drawn from the lower cavity of the hydraulic chamber 22 by the external hydraulic source, which drives the piston 23 to move downward. The piston 23 pulls the limiting post 24 and the anchor 26 downward through the tension spring 25, applying an initial tension force to the lower end of the rod 61. When the loading cylinder 4 applies an upward tensile load to the rod 61, the anchor 26 can overcome the elastic force of the tension spring 25 under the action of the tension force and produce a slight upward displacement, which truly simulates the elastic compression deformation of the anchor end when the anchor rod is anchored in the surrounding rock with limited stiffness.

[0069] The initial tension can be continuously changed by adjusting the supply pressure of the hydraulic oil, thereby simulating the anchor end constraint stiffness of different surrounding rock grades (from soft rock to hard rock), making the test data more accurate. Multiple tension springs 25 are evenly distributed along the circumference to ensure that the constraint stiffness of the anchor 26 is consistent in all directions, avoiding the introduction of additional eccentricity due to uneven stiffness.

[0070] like Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the clamping assembly 5 includes a connector 51, a second limiting bolt 52, and a threaded sleeve 53. The connector 51 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the output end of the loading cylinder 4 and is hollow inside. There are at least two second limiting bolts 52, which are symmetrically threaded onto the outer wall of the connector 51. The threaded sleeve 53 is coaxially rotatably disposed on the lower end face of the connector 51 and has internal threads on its inner wall.

[0071] The anchor bolt assembly 6 includes a rod body 61, a tapered member 62, and an energy-absorbing sleeve 63. The rod body 61 is a long straight cylindrical rod with the tapered member 62 fixedly connected to its upper end. The tapered member 62 is a frustum structure with a smaller upper part and a larger lower part. Its outer wall is a conical surface, and the cone angle is set according to the anchor bolt structure to be tested (preferably within the range of 5°~15°). The energy-absorbing sleeve 63 is a thin-walled cylindrical structure that is sleeved on the outer wall of the tapered member 62. The upper end of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63 is provided with an external thread, which is threadedly connected to the internal thread of the threaded sleeve 53.

[0072] During installation, the upper end of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63 is threaded into the threaded sleeve 53 and extends into the connector 51. The upper end of the rod 61 is locked to the connector 51 by the limiting bolt 52, so that the lower small diameter end of the tapered part 62 is initially located at the upper inlet of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63.

[0073] In this setup, when the energy-absorbing sleeve 63 is pulled upward, the conical part 62 slides relative to it inside the sleeve. At the same time, the split structure allows the energy-absorbing sleeve 63 and the rod 61 to be assembled and disassembled independently, making it convenient to replace energy-absorbing sleeves with different structural parameters (different cone angles, different wall thicknesses, and different lengths) for comparative tests, which greatly reduces the test cost and time.

[0074] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the detection component 7 includes a detection cylinder 71 and a loading component 72. The detection cylinder 71 is a cylindrical structure that is closed at the top and open at the bottom. Its upper end face is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the threaded sleeve 53. The inner diameter of the detection cylinder 71 is larger than the outer diameter of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63. The detection cylinder 71 is sleeved on the outside of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63. An axial space is left between the bottom of the detection cylinder 71 and the lower end face of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63 for the energy-absorbing sleeve 63 to expand its diameter and deform.

[0075] The loading components 72 are multiple and evenly arranged (preferably 6 to 8) along the circumference of the detection cylinder 71. Each loading component 72 includes an adjusting cylinder 73, a sliding column 74, an adjusting disc 75, an adjusting screw 76, a pressing spring 77, and a pressing block 78. The adjusting cylinder 73 is a cylindrical structure and is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the detection cylinder 71. Its axis extends radially along the detection cylinder 71. The sliding column 74 is slidably disposed inside the adjusting cylinder 73. Its inner end extends into the detection cylinder 71 and is hinged to the pressing block 78. The adjusting disc 75 is slidably disposed inside the adjusting cylinder 73 and located outside the sliding column 74. The pressing spring 77 is disposed between the sliding column 74 and the adjusting disc 75. Its two ends abut against the outer end face of the sliding column 74 and the inner end face of the adjusting disc 75, respectively. The adjusting screw 76 passes through the outer end wall of the adjusting cylinder 73 and is threadedly connected to the adjusting cylinder 73. Its inner end is rotatably connected to the outer end face of the adjusting disc 75.

[0076] In other words, by rotating the adjusting screw 76, the adjusting disc 75 can be moved towards the center of the detection cylinder 71, compressing the pressing spring 77, which in turn pushes the sliding column 74 and the pressing block 78 to apply radial pressure to the outer wall of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63. The pressing block 78 is hinged to the inner end of the sliding column 74, so that the pressing block 78 can adaptively fit the arc-shaped outer wall of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63, ensuring uniform pressure distribution. There is no mechanical or hydraulic connection between the loading components 72, and they are independent of each other. Each loading component 72 can independently adjust its radial pressure on the energy-absorbing sleeve 63.

[0077] In existing technologies, hydraulic confining chamber schemes are commonly used to simulate surrounding rock constraints. However, hydraulic oil is an isotropic continuous medium. According to Pascal's principle, when any part of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63 squeezes the oil outward, the pressure will be instantly and uniformly transmitted to the entire cavity, so that all parts of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63 simultaneously bear the same confining pressure increment, i.e., a global linkage effect. However, real surrounding rock is a solid medium, and the confining pressure has a clear locality and discontinuity. For example, when the sleeve expands its diameter at point A to squeeze the surrounding rock at that point, the reaction force only acts on point A, and the surrounding rock at point B that is not squeezed will not share the pressure. The global linkage effect of the hydraulic scheme is completely contrary to the local constraint characteristics of real surrounding rock.

[0078] In this setup, each loading component 72 is independent and unconnected to the others. Only the loading components that are squeezed by the expansion of the sleeve respond, while the unsqueezed components are not subjected to force. This achieves a realistic simulation of local constraints. At the same time, the setting of the pressing spring 77 makes the confining pressure dynamically increase with the expansion amount—the larger the expansion amount, the greater the spring compression and the greater the reaction force. This realistically simulates the physical law that the surrounding rock is gradually compacted and the confining pressure increases with the expansion amount, rather than a constant confining pressure.

[0079] In addition, each loading component 72 is evenly distributed along the circumference and is independently adjustable, which can simulate the differentiated constraints of different surrounding rock grades at each circumferential position of the sleeve, and realistically reproduce the complex working conditions of asymmetric confining pressure in deep high-stress roadways.

[0080] The sensor includes a first displacement sensor, which is disposed between the energy-absorbing sleeve 63 and the conical member 62, for real-time acquisition of the axial sliding displacement signal of the conical member 62 relative to the energy-absorbing sleeve 63. Preferably, the first displacement sensor is a wire-type displacement sensor, the main body of which is fixed to the upper end face of the conical member 62, and the wire end is fixed to the energy-absorbing sleeve 63.

[0081] The second displacement sensor is disposed between the sliding column 74 and the adjusting disk 75 of each loading component 72, and is used to collect the radial compression displacement signal of the sliding column 74 in real time, that is, the radial expansion of the outer wall of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63 at the corresponding position of the loading component 72. Preferably, the second displacement sensor is a miniature eddy current displacement sensor.

[0082] The third pressure sensor is disposed between the pressing block 78 of each loading component 72 and the outer wall of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63, and is used to collect the local radial pressure value applied by the loading component to the energy-absorbing sleeve 63 in real time. Preferably, the third pressure sensor is a thin-film pressure sensor.

[0083] In addition, a tension sensor is installed inside the output end of the loading cylinder 4 or the connector 51 to collect the axial tensile load value applied by the loading cylinder 4 in real time.

[0084] The axial slip of the tapered part 62 is obtained by the first displacement sensor, the radial expansion of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63 at each circumferential position is obtained by the second displacement sensor, and the local confining pressure dynamic response at each loading point is obtained by the third pressure sensor. The expansion-local confining pressure curve can be plotted to reveal the evolution law of confining pressure at each part of the sleeve during the expansion process.

[0085] The method for evaluating the energy absorption performance of anchor bolts based on the above-mentioned device includes the following steps:

[0086] S1. Anchoring section installation: The lower end of the anchor bolt assembly 6 is fixedly installed inside the anchoring assembly 2;

[0087] S2. Coaxial adjustment, by adjusting the first adjusting member 13 and the second adjusting member 14 and the mounting base 15, so that the upper end axis of the anchor bolt assembly 6 is aligned with the axis of the clamping assembly 5;

[0088] S3. Anchor bolt assembly 6 installation: The upper end of the anchor bolt assembly 6 is fixedly installed inside the clamping assembly 5, and the detection assembly 7 is sleeved on the outer wall of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63.

[0089] S4. Simulate surrounding rock constraint, adjust the position of piston 23 through hydraulic chamber 22 to apply initial tension to anchor section of anchor bolt assembly 6, simulate the limited stiffness of surrounding rock in anchor section, and simulate radial pressure of surrounding rock on energy-absorbing sleeve 63 by adjusting screw 76;

[0090] S5. Data acquisition: By slowly applying tension through the loading cylinder 4, data from multiple sensors are recorded simultaneously, and the energy absorption performance of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63 is calculated by combining the applied tension value.

[0091] During the loading process, the sliding progress of the conical part 62 can be determined by observing the reading of the first displacement sensor. When the conical part 62 slides to the lower end of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63 (i.e., the reading of the first displacement sensor reaches the effective length of the energy-absorbing sleeve 63) or the rod 61 breaks, the loading is stopped and the test ends.

[0092] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anchor bolt energy absorption performance evaluation device based on mechanical sensors, characterized in that, include: An eccentric adjustment component (1) has a loading cylinder (4) fixed to its upper end face by a gantry frame (3); Anchoring assembly (2) is fixed on the eccentric adjustment assembly (1) and located below the loading cylinder (4); The clamping assembly (5) is fixed to the output end of the loading cylinder (4); An anchor bolt assembly (6) is disposed between the anchoring assembly (2) and the clamping assembly (5); The detection component (7) is fixed below the clamping component (5) and sleeved on the outer wall of the anchor bolt component (6); Multiple sensors are configured and distributed within the clamping assembly (5) and the detection assembly (7).

2. The anchor bolt energy absorption performance evaluation device based on mechanical sensors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The eccentric adjustment component (1) includes: The base (11) has two fixing plates (12) symmetrically fixed inside. The first adjustment element (13) is configured in multiple ways and symmetrically arranged on the front and rear sides of the base (11); The second adjusting member (14) is configured in multiple ways and is respectively disposed on the two fixed plates (12); The mounting base (15) is slidably disposed between a plurality of the first adjustment members (13) and the second adjustment members (14).

3. The anchor bolt energy absorption performance evaluation device based on mechanical sensors according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first adjusting member (13) and the second adjusting member (14) both include a screw and a wheel, used to adjust the horizontal position of the mounting base (15).

4. The anchor bolt energy absorption performance evaluation device based on mechanical sensors according to claim 2, characterized in that, The anchoring component (2) includes: The connecting seat (21) is fixed at the center of the mounting seat (15), and a hydraulic chamber (22) is provided at its bottom. The piston (23) is sealed and slidably disposed within the hydraulic chamber (22); The limiting posts (24) are configured in multiple ways, evenly arranged in the connecting seat (21) and connected to the upper end face of the piston (23) by multiple tension springs (25); Anchor (26) is slidably disposed in the connecting seat (21), and its lower end face is fixedly connected to the plurality of limiting posts (24); Limiting bolts (27), at least two in number, are symmetrically threaded onto the outer wall of the anchor (26); A fastening nut (28) is positioned above the anchor (26); The anchor (26) and the fastening nut (28) are both threadedly connected to the anchor bolt assembly (6).

5. The anchor bolt energy absorption performance evaluation device based on mechanical sensors according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping assembly (5) includes: The connector (51) is fixed to the output end of the loading cylinder (4) and is hollow inside; Limiting bolts two (52), at least two, are symmetrically threaded onto the outer wall of the connector (51); The threaded sleeve (53) is rotatably mounted on the lower end face of the connector (51).

6. The anchor bolt energy absorption performance evaluation device based on mechanical sensors according to claim 5, characterized in that, The anchor bolt assembly (6) includes: A rod (61) has a tapered part (62) fixed on its upper end face; An energy-absorbing sleeve (63) is fitted onto the outer wall of the conical member (62), and its upper end is threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve (53).

7. The anchor bolt energy absorption performance evaluation device based on mechanical sensors according to claim 6, characterized in that, The detection component (7) includes: The detection cylinder (71) is fixed to the lower end face of the threaded sleeve (53); The loading components (72) are configured in multiples and are evenly distributed around the sidewall of the detection cylinder (71); The loading component (72) includes an adjusting cylinder (73) fixed to the outer wall of the detection cylinder (71). A sliding column (74) and an adjusting plate (75) are slidably arranged inside the adjusting cylinder (73). A pressing spring (77) is arranged between the sliding column (74) and the adjusting plate (75). An adjusting screw (76) is rotatably arranged on the side of the adjusting plate (75) away from the sliding column (74). The adjusting screw (76) passes through the adjusting cylinder (73) and is threadedly connected to the adjusting cylinder (73). One end of the sliding column (74) extends into the detection cylinder (71) and is hinged to a pressing block (78).

8. The anchor bolt energy absorption performance evaluation device based on mechanical sensors according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sensor includes: A first displacement sensor is disposed between the energy-absorbing sleeve (63) and the conical member (62); The second displacement sensor is disposed between the sliding column (74) and the adjusting plate (75); A third pressure sensor is disposed between the pressing block (78) and the energy-absorbing sleeve (63).

9. A method for evaluating the energy absorption performance of anchor bolts based on mechanical sensors, comprising using the energy absorption performance evaluation device for anchor bolts based on mechanical sensors as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Anchoring section installation: The lower end of the anchor bolt assembly (6) is fixedly installed inside the anchoring assembly (2); S2. Coaxial adjustment, by adjusting the first adjusting member (13) and the second adjusting member (14) and the mounting base (15) to align the upper axis of the anchor bolt assembly (6) with the axis of the clamping assembly (5); S3. Anchor bolt assembly (6) installation: The upper end of the anchor bolt assembly (6) is fixedly installed inside the clamping assembly (5), and the detection assembly (7) is sleeved on the outer wall of the energy-absorbing sleeve (63). S4. Simulate the surrounding rock constraint, adjust the position of the piston (23) through the hydraulic chamber (22), apply the initial tension to the anchoring section of the anchor bolt assembly (6), simulate the limited stiffness of the surrounding rock in the anchoring section, and simulate the radial pressure of the surrounding rock on the energy-absorbing sleeve (63) by adjusting the screw (76); S5. Data acquisition: By slowly applying tension through the loading cylinder (4), data from multiple sensors are recorded, and the energy absorption performance of the energy-absorbing sleeve (63) is calculated in combination with the applied tension value.

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