Apparatus and method for testing rapid gas decompression performance of hydrogen environment seals

Abstract

The application discloses a device and a method for testing the rapid gas decompression resistance of a hydrogen environment sealing element, which comprises a test kettle and a test assembly, the test assembly is arranged in the test kettle, the test assembly comprises an end cover and at least one test cover, and a test groove for fixing a test element is arranged on the test cover; a gas channel is arranged in the test assembly and penetrates through the end cover and the test cover, and the adjacent test covers can be communicated with the environment in the test kettle through the gas channel; the test kettle can provide a high-temperature and high-pressure environment for the test, the environment in the test kettle is transmitted to the test cover through the gas channel, and the test element to be tested fixed in the test cover is tested, for example, the high-temperature and high-pressure circulation is carried out, so that the actual situation of the sealing element in reality is simulated, and the rapid gas decompression resistance of different nonmetal sealing elements is efficiently and reasonably tested.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sealing ring performance testing technology, and in particular to an apparatus and method for testing the resistance of sealing components to rapid gas decompression in hydrogen-containing environments. Background Technology

[0002] The oil and gas industry is currently experiencing rapid growth, with an increasing number of gathering and transmission pipeline systems being laid, such as natural gas pipelines and hydrogen transportation and storage pipelines. Non-metallic seals, such as nitrile rubber, are widely used in the sealing devices of these pipeline systems. These non-metallic seals operate for extended periods in high-pressure, high-concentration hydrogen transportation environments. When the hydrogen pressure in the transportation environment drops significantly within a short period, some non-metallic seals may bulge or even rupture. Because the non-metallic seals in hydrogen pipelines are exposed to a certain pressure of gas for extended periods, their internal structure changes. When the pipeline stops operating, the sudden decrease in external pressure causes the non-metallic sealing rings, which were already exposed to hydrogen pressure, to rupture, leading to seal failure. This, in turn, affects the sealing performance of the non-metallic seals and can result in safety accidents. Since the failure mechanism differs from the corrosion failure mechanism, the rupture of rubber after depressurization in high-hydrogen-content gas is a physical process rather than a chemical reaction process like corrosion failure, and it occurs immediately after rapid depressurization. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an evaluation and testing method to study this type of failure behavior of non-metallic seals.

[0003] Existing technologies lack research on the resistance of full-size seals to rapid gas decompression under such environments. This device, through simple device design, can test the resistance of full-size non-metallic seals to rapid gas decompression under different hydrogen pressures, filling the technical gap in evaluating the resistance of full-size seals to rapid gas decompression under hydrogen environments and providing a unique evaluation method for the safety performance of seals in hydrogen transportation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an apparatus and method for testing the resistance of seals to rapid gas decompression in hydrogen-exposed environments, addressing the aforementioned shortcomings. This solves the problem that existing technologies cannot efficiently and cost-effectively test the resistance of full-size seals to rapid gas decompression in hydrogen-exposed environments. This solution comprehensively considers factors such as gas pressure in gathering and transmission pipelines and different sealing ring sizes, providing an apparatus that can evaluate the resistance of non-metallic seals of different sizes to rapid gas decompression under simulated hydrogen pressure environments.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following scheme:

[0006] An apparatus for testing the resistance of a sealing component to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-containing environment includes a test vessel and a test assembly. The test assembly is disposed in the test vessel and includes an end cap and at least one test cover. The test cover has a test groove for fixing the test component. The test assembly has a gas passage penetrating the end cap and the test cover, through which adjacent test covers can be connected to the environment in the test vessel.

[0007] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned device for testing the resistance of a sealing component to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-contaminated environment, the test vessel includes a body and a cover. The body is provided with a gas cylinder connection pipe, a pressure gauge connection pipe, and a pressure relief valve connection pipe. The gas cylinder connection pipe, pressure gauge connection pipe, and pressure relief valve connection pipe are arranged along the circumferential position of the body. The body is provided with a cavity for accommodating the test components. The cover is connected to the body via a flange.

[0008] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned device for testing the resistance of a sealing component to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-containing environment, the test cover includes a first sealing ring groove and a first fixing ring groove; the end cover is provided with a second sealing ring groove and a second fixing ring groove; a first sealing rubber is provided between the first sealing ring groove and the second sealing ring groove; the positions of the first fixing ring groove and the second fixing ring groove are matched; so that the first fixing ring groove and the second fixing ring groove form a fixing cavity for fixing the test component.

[0009] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned device for testing the resistance of a sealing component to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-contaminated environment, the first and second fixing ring grooves are arranged in multiple radial directions along the test cover or end cover; two test covers are provided, each with a connecting through hole in its circumferential position, and the end cover is provided with a locking hole that mates with the connecting hole. The end cover and the test cover are connected as a whole by a locking rod; stress plates are provided on the contact part of the locking rod and the end cover, as well as on the nut connected to the locking rod.

[0010] This invention discloses a method for testing the resistance of a sealing component to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-containing environment, comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Fix the non-metallic seal to be tested onto the test assembly, lock the test assembly in place, and then place it into the test vessel;

[0012] Step 2: Fill the gas cylinder with hydrogen through the gas cylinder connection pipe on the side wall of the test vessel. Stop filling when the pressure gauge reading reaches the required pressure. After completing the cyclic pressurization and rapid depressurization process in the specific experimental steps, quickly discharge the hydrogen through the pressure relief valve connection, open the test vessel, and take out the test components.

[0013] Step 3: After removing the non-metallic seal to be tested from the test groove, slice it for observation and evaluate it according to the predetermined rules.

[0014] In step one, the non-metallic seal to be tested is embedded into the test groove processed between the end cap and the test cover. After the first sealing rubber is placed into the outermost second sealing ring groove, the cover body is covered. The end cap and multiple test covers are fixed with locking rods and the nuts are tightened to make the stress of each bolt consistent in order to improve the sealing performance. The assembled anti-rapid gas decompression device is placed into the test vessel and the cover body is covered.

[0015] In step two, a hydrogen cylinder is connected to the gas cylinder connecting pipe, a pressure gauge is installed on the pressure gauge connecting pipe, and a pressure relief valve is installed on the pressure relief valve connecting pipe and then put into the open state. Then, at least 1 MPa of nitrogen is introduced to check for leaks. Then, the nitrogen is released through the pressure relief valve. The container is then heated to the temperature required for the test and held for at least 15 minutes before the gas filling and releasing operation is performed.

[0016] Specifically, in step two, the cyclic inflation and deflation operation includes the following steps:

[0017] a) Fill the container with the test gas until the required test pressure is reached. Continuously record the temperature and pressure at 10-minute intervals. When depressurizing or pressurizing, the intervals should be reduced to 30 seconds. Maintain the required test temperature and pressure for at least 68 hours.

[0018] b) Depressurize the container at a specified rate, with a depressurization rate of not less than 2 ± 0.2 MPa / min and subsequent depressurization at this rate, and maintain at the ambient pressure and set test temperature for 60 ± 10 / - 0 min.

[0019] c) Pressurize the container to the required test pressure and maintain it for at least 6 hours;

[0020] d) Repeat step b;

[0021] e) Pressurize the container to the required test pressure and maintain it for at least 12 hours;

[0022] f) Repeat step b;

[0023] g) Repeat step c;

[0024] h) Repeat step b;

[0025] i) Repeat step e;

[0026] j) Repeat step b;

[0027] k) Repeat step c;

[0028] l) Repeat step b;

[0029] m) Repeat step e;

[0030] n) Repeat step b;

[0031] o) Repeat step e;

[0032] p) After depressurization at the specified rate, expose the device to ambient pressure and test set temperature for at least 12 hours before venting all gases;

[0033] q) After cooling the high-temperature and high-pressure reactor to room temperature, open the reactor lid, take out the rapid gas decompression performance testing device, open the end cover, take out the test seal and take a picture to record its appearance after the test.

[0034] Step 3: After removing the non-metallic seal to be tested from the test groove, perform cross-section observation:

[0035] Specifically, each section is cut with a sharp blade, which is then moistened with soapy water to facilitate cutting and improve the performance of the exposed surface. The first cut should be made from the center of the area with the most visible damage. The second cut should be made from the next most obvious but unrelated area of ​​damage. The remaining sections should be cut at approximately equal intervals in the middle area. If there is no obvious damage to the seal, the first cut can be made at any location, and the remaining sections should be cut symmetrically around the seal. Crack types and measurements should be taken using a small magnifying glass with a magnification of at least 10x to examine the surface of each section. Three crack types were identified for rating: internal cracks, external cracks, and through cracks.

[0036] Each seal section is evaluated and rated according to predetermined rules; a single number represents the number, length, and type of cracks found on the exposed section; specifically:

[0037] Grade 0; RGD damage characteristics: no cracks, holes or bubbles and exposed surfaces are intact; rating passed;

[0038] Level 1; RGD damage characteristics are: any number of cracks, each less than 25% of the CSD; total crack length not exceeding the CSD; and external cracks should be <10%; no through cracks present; rating passed;

[0039] Level 2; RGD damage characteristics are: a maximum of 5 cracks, each <50% of CSD; total crack length not exceeding 2 times CSD; and external cracks should be <25%; no through cracks appear; rating passed;

[0040] Level 3; RGD damage characteristics: up to 8 cracks, of which two internal cracks each reach 50-80% of CSD in length; total crack length does not exceed 3 times CSD; and external cracks should be <50%; no through cracks appear; rating passed;

[0041] Level 4; RGD damage characteristics include: 9 or more cracks with a total length greater than 3 times the CSD, or at least one internal crack >80% CSD, or 3 or more internal cracks, each >50% CSD, or any external crack >50% CSD; no through cracks are present; rating failed.

[0042] Level 5; RGD damage characteristics: any through crack, regardless of location and length; no exceptions allowed; rating failed.

[0043] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0044] 1) This invention provides a high-temperature and high-pressure environment for testing through a test vessel. The environmental conditions in the test vessel are transmitted to the test cover through a gas channel, thereby testing the test piece fixed in the test cover. For example, it can perform cyclic high-temperature and high-pressure tests to simulate the actual situation of seals in reality. This allows for efficient and reasonable testing of the resistance of different non-metallic seals to rapid gas decompression.

[0045] 2) This invention enables more non-metallic seals to be tested in the same test vessel by using multiple test caps, which can reduce testing costs. Since the test requires multiple cycles of gas introduction and heating, and the intervals are long, it is necessary to conduct experiments on multiple non-metallic seals to be tested at the same time, which can improve energy utilization and save experimental costs. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the test component in this invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the test vessel in this invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the overall structure of the test component in this invention;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the test component in this invention;

[0050] Drawing markings: 1. Test vessel; 2. Test assembly; 11. Main body; 12. Cover; 13. Gas cylinder connecting pipe; 14. Pressure gauge connecting pipe; 15. Pressure relief valve connecting pipe; 16. Second sealing ring groove; 17. Second fixing ring groove; 18. First sealing rubber; 21. End cap; 22. Test cover; 23. Test groove; 24. Gas passage; 25. Connecting through hole; 26. Locking hole; 27. First sealing ring groove; 28. First fixing ring groove; 29. ​​Locking rod. Detailed Implementation

[0051] All features disclosed in this specification, or all steps in all disclosed methods or processes, may be combined in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.

[0052] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any appended claims and abstract) may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features, unless specifically stated otherwise. That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is merely one example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0053] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a predetermined orientation, or be constructed and operated in a predetermined orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0054] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0057] An apparatus for testing the resistance of a sealing component to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-containing environment includes, but is not limited to, a test vessel 1 and a test assembly 2. The test assembly 2 is disposed in the test vessel 1 and may include an end cap 21 and at least one test cover 22. The test cover 22 is provided with a test groove 23 for fixing the test piece. The test assembly 2 is provided with a gas passage 24 penetrating the end cap 21 and the test cover 22, through which adjacent test covers 22 can be connected to the environment in the test vessel 1.

[0058] Based on the above structure, the test vessel 1 can provide a high temperature and high pressure environment for testing. The environmental conditions in the test vessel 1 are transferred to the test cover 22 through the gas channel 24, so as to test the test piece fixed in the test cover 22, such as cyclic high temperature and high pressure, to simulate the actual situation of the seal in reality; and to conduct efficient and reasonable testing on the resistance of different non-metallic seals to rapid gas decompression.

[0059] As an example, the test vessel 1 may include a body portion 11 and a cover portion 12; a gas cylinder connection pipe 13, a pressure gauge connection pipe 14, and a pressure relief valve connection pipe 15 are provided on the body portion 11; the gas cylinder connection pipe 13, the pressure gauge connection pipe 14, and the pressure relief valve connection pipe 15 are arranged along the circumferential position of the body; a cavity for accommodating the test assembly 2 is provided in the body portion 11; and the cover portion 12 is connected to the body portion 11 via a flange.

[0060] Based on the above structure, the gas cylinder connecting pipe 13, the pressure gauge connecting pipe 14, and the pressure relief valve connecting pipe 15 are respectively connected to the hydrogen cylinder, the pressure gauge, and the pressure relief valve, providing a basis for the subsequent testing process.

[0061] As an example, there are two test covers 22. The test cover 22 has a connecting through hole 25 in the circumferential position. The end cover 21 has a locking hole 26 that mates with the connecting hole. The end cover 21 and the test cover 22 are connected as a whole by the locking rod 29.

[0062] The test cover 22 may include a first sealing ring groove 27 and a first fixing ring groove 28; the end cover 21 is provided with a second sealing ring groove 16 and a second fixing ring groove 17; a first sealing rubber 18 is provided between the first sealing ring groove 27 and the second sealing ring groove 16, and the positions of the first fixing ring groove 28 and the second fixing ring groove 17 are matched; so that the first fixing ring groove 28 and the second fixing ring groove 17 form a fixing cavity for fixing the test piece;

[0063] Multiple first fixing ring grooves 28 and second fixing ring grooves 17 are provided radially along the test cover 22 or end cover 21;

[0064] The structure between adjacent test covers 22 is similar to the structure between test cover 22 and end cover 21, and will not be described in detail here.

[0065] Based on the above structure, in this solution, by setting the first sealing rubber 18 in the circumferential position of the test cover 22 and the end cover 21, the end seal between the test cover 22 and the end cover 21 can be achieved. This allows high-temperature and high-pressure gas to only pass through the air passage 24 from the center to the edge to transmit temperature and / or pressure to the non-metallic seal to be tested, which is fixed between the first fixing ring groove 28 and the second fixing ring groove 17. In this solution, the non-metallic seal to be tested is only limited by the first fixing ring groove 28 and the second fixing ring groove 17 and does not form a sealing blockage. Therefore, high-temperature and high-pressure gas can still transmit to all non-metallic seals to be tested.

[0066] Multiple test covers 22 enable more non-metallic seals to be tested in the same test vessel 1, thus reducing testing costs. Since the test requires multiple cycles of gas introduction and heating with long intervals, it is necessary to conduct experiments on multiple non-metallic seals simultaneously, which can improve energy utilization and save experimental costs.

[0067] As an example, stress plates are provided on the contact portion of the locking rod 29 and the end cap 21, as well as on the nut connected to the locking rod 29. The stress plates can be used to apply pressure evenly to achieve better sealing.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] Based on the structure of Embodiment 1 above, the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0070] A method for testing the resistance of a seal to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-environment environment includes the following steps:

[0071] Step 1: Fix the non-metallic seal to be tested onto test assembly 2, and after locking test assembly 2, place it into test vessel 1;

[0072] Step 2: Fill hydrogen gas into the gas cylinder connection pipe 13 on the side wall of test vessel 1. Stop filling the gas when the pressure gauge reading reaches the required gas pressure. After completing the cyclic pressurization and rapid depressurization process in the specific experimental steps, quickly discharge the hydrogen gas through the pressure relief valve connection, open test vessel 1, and take out test component 2.

[0073] Step 3: After removing the non-metallic seal to be tested from the test groove, slice it for observation and evaluate it according to the predetermined rules.

[0074] Specifically, in step one, the non-metallic seal to be tested is embedded into the test groove 23 processed between the end cap 21 and the test cap 22. After the first sealing rubber 18 is placed into the outermost second sealing ring groove 16, the cover body 12 is covered. The end cap 21 and multiple test caps 22 are fixed with the locking rod 29 and the nuts are tightened to make the stress of each bolt consistent in order to improve the sealing performance. The assembled anti-rapid gas decompression device is placed into the test vessel 1 and the vessel lid is closed.

[0075] Specifically, in step two, a hydrogen cylinder is connected to the gas cylinder connecting pipe 13, a pressure gauge is installed on the pressure gauge connecting pipe 14, and a pressure relief valve is installed on the pressure relief valve connecting pipe 15 and then put into the open state. Then, at least 1 MPa of nitrogen is introduced to check for leaks. Then, the nitrogen is released through the pressure relief valve. Then, the container is heated to the temperature required for the test and held for at least 15 minutes before the gas filling and releasing operation is performed.

[0076] Specifically, in step two, the cyclic inflation and deflation operation includes the following steps:

[0077] a) Fill the container with the test gas (hydrogen) until the required test pressure is reached. Continuously record the temperature and pressure at 10-minute intervals. When depressurizing or pressurizing, the interval should be reduced to 30 seconds. Maintain the required test temperature and pressure for at least 68 hours (cycle 0).

[0078] b) Depressurize the container at a specified rate, with a depressurization rate of not less than (2 ± 0.2 MPa / min) and subsequent depressurization at this rate, and maintain at the ambient pressure and set test temperature for 60 ± 10 min (first cycle).

[0079] c) Pressurize the container to the required test pressure and maintain it for at least 6 hours;

[0080] d) Repeat step b (second loop);

[0081] e) Pressurize the container to the required test pressure and maintain it for at least 12 hours;

[0082] f) Repeat step b (3rd iteration);

[0083] g) Repeat step c;

[0084] h) Repeat step b (4th iteration);

[0085] i) Repeat step e;

[0086] j) Repeat step b (5th iteration);

[0087] k) Repeat step c;

[0088] l) Repeat step b (6th iteration);

[0089] m) Repeat step e;

[0090] n) Repeat step b (7th iteration);

[0091] o) Repeat step e;

[0092] p) After depressurization at the specified rate, expose the device to ambient pressure and test set temperature for at least 12 hours before venting all gases (8th cycle);

[0093] q) After cooling the high-temperature and high-pressure reactor to room temperature, open the reactor lid, take out the rapid gas decompression performance test device, open the end cover 21, take out the test seal and take a picture to record its appearance after the test.

[0094] To assess the extent of seal damage, each O-ring should be segmented and rated based on the number and length of cracks found. The number of segments is related to the size of the O-ring; the larger the O-ring, the more segments are required for characterization. O-rings with a CSD (Cross-Section Diameter) of 5.33 mm are shown in Table 1.

[0095] Table 1 shows the relationship between the specifications of the O-rings used in the rating and the number of cuts.

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] Step 3: After removing the non-metallic seal to be tested from the test groove, perform cross-section observation: specifically,

[0099] Cut the seal into sections with a sharp blade. The blade can be wetted with soapy water to facilitate cutting and improve the performance of the exposed surface. The first cut should be made from the center of the largest visible damage (such as a bubble or crack). The second cut should be made from the next most obvious but unrelated damage. The remaining sections should be cut at approximately equal intervals in the middle area. If there is no obvious damage to the seal, the first cut can be made at any location, and the remaining sections can be cut symmetrically around the seal.

[0100] Crack types and measurements should be taken using a small magnifying glass (or other optical equipment) with a magnification of at least 10x to examine the surface of each section; three crack types were identified for rating: internal cracks, external cracks, and through cracks;

[0101] Crack length is defined as a percentage of the nominal seal CSD; for example, the CSD for a 3XX series O-ring is 5.33 mm. This value is used to calculate crack length and the actual cross-sectional dimensions must not be used. Experience shows that most seal cross-sections after exposure testing can be easily graded by observation. In these cases, crack measurements are typically only required for specimens graded as Level 3 (pass) or Level 4 (failure). Most cracks are expected to be linear or nearly linear. A direct end-to-end measurement method is recommended: for cracks with some curvature, their length should be measured along the crack path. The direction and location of the crack are irrelevant factors. Cracks should not be projected onto a plane for measurement.

[0102] Each seal section is evaluated and rated according to predetermined rules; a single number represents the number, length, and type of cracks found on the exposed section;

[0103] Specifically:

[0104] Level 0; RGD (Rapid Gas Decompression) damage characteristics: no cracks, holes, or bubbles and the exposed surface is intact; rating passed;

[0105] Level 1; RGD (Rapid Gas Decompression) damage characteristics are: any number of cracks, each less than 25% of CSD; total crack length not exceeding CSD; and external cracks should be <10%; no through cracks appear; rating passed;

[0106] Level 2; RGD (Rapid Gas Decompression) damage characteristics: a maximum of 5 cracks, each <50% CSD; total crack length not exceeding 2 times CSD; and external cracks should be <25%; no through cracks appear; rating passed;

[0107] Level 3; RGD (Rapid Gas Decompression) damage characteristics: up to 8 cracks, of which two internal cracks each reach 50-80% CSD in length; total crack length does not exceed 3 times CSD; and external cracks should be <50%; no through cracks appear; rating passed;

[0108] Level 4; RGD (Rapid Gas Decompression) damage characteristics include: 9 or more cracks with a total length greater than 3 times the CSD, or at least one internal crack >80% CSD, or 3 or more internal cracks, each >50% CSD, or any external crack >50% CSD; no through cracks are present; rating failed.

[0109] Level 5; RGD (Rapid Gas Decompression) damage characteristics: any through crack, regardless of location and length; no exceptions allowed; rating failed.

[0110] By following the above rules, the relevant non-metallic seals are rated. The high-temperature and high-pressure reactor of this invention, when connected to other gas cylinders, can be used to evaluate the resistance to rapid gas decompression of non-metallic seals of different sizes after the supply of hydrogen or other gases is stopped. The connection of the pressure gauge can also test the resistance to rapid gas decompression under different pressures. At the same time, through specific evaluation rules, the sealing rings can be accurately rated efficiently, and specific quantitative indicators can be given, making the operation more feasible and efficient.

[0111] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An apparatus for testing the resistance of a sealing component to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-containing environment, characterized in that: The test assembly includes a test vessel and a test component. The test component is disposed in the test vessel and includes an end cap and at least one test cover. The test cover is provided with a test groove for fixing the test piece. The test component is provided with an air passage that penetrates the end cap and the test cover, so that adjacent test covers can be connected to the environment in the test vessel.

2. The apparatus for testing the resistance of a sealing component to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-contaminated environment as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The test vessel includes a body and a cover. The body is provided with a gas cylinder connection pipe, a pressure gauge connection pipe and a pressure relief valve connection pipe. The gas cylinder connection pipe, pressure gauge connection pipe and pressure relief valve connection pipe are arranged along the circumferential position of the body. The body is provided with a cavity for accommodating the test components. The cover is connected to the body via a flange.

3. The apparatus for testing the resistance of a sealing component to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-contaminated environment as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The test cover includes a first sealing ring groove and a first fixing ring groove; the end cover is provided with a second sealing ring groove and a second fixing ring groove; a first sealing rubber is provided between the first sealing ring groove and the second sealing ring groove, and the positions of the first fixing ring groove and the second fixing ring groove are matched; so that the first fixing ring groove and the second fixing ring groove form a fixing cavity for fixing the test piece.

4. The apparatus for testing the resistance of a sealing component to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-contaminated environment as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The first and second fixing ring grooves are arranged in multiple radial directions along the test cover or end cover; there are two test covers, each with a connecting through hole in its circumferential position, and the end cover has a locking hole that mates with the connecting hole. The end cover and the test cover are connected as a whole by a locking rod; stress plates are provided on the contact part of the locking rod and the end cover, as well as on the nut connected to the locking rod.

5. A method for testing the resistance of a sealing component to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-containing environment, based on the apparatus described in any one of 1 to 4 above, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Fix the non-metallic seal to be tested onto the test assembly, lock the test assembly in place, and then place it into the test vessel; Step 2: Fill the gas cylinder with hydrogen through the gas cylinder connection pipe on the side wall of the test vessel. Stop filling when the pressure gauge reading reaches the required pressure. After completing the cyclic pressurization and rapid depressurization process in the specific experimental steps, quickly discharge the hydrogen through the pressure relief valve connection, open the test vessel, and take out the test components. Step 3: After removing the non-metallic seal to be tested from the test groove, slice it for observation and evaluate it according to the predetermined rules.

6. The method for testing the resistance of a sealing component to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-contaminated environment as described in claim 5, characterized in that: In step one, the non-metallic seal to be tested is embedded into the test groove processed between the end cap and the test cover. After the first sealing rubber is placed into the outermost second sealing ring groove, the cover body is covered. The end cap and multiple test covers are fixed with locking rods and the nuts are tightened to make the stress of each bolt consistent in order to improve the sealing performance. The assembled anti-rapid gas decompression device is placed into the test vessel and the cover body is covered.

7. The method for testing the resistance of a sealing component to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-contaminated environment as described in claim 6, characterized in that: In step two, a hydrogen cylinder is connected to the gas cylinder connecting pipe, a pressure gauge is installed on the pressure gauge connecting pipe, and a pressure relief valve is installed on the pressure relief valve connecting pipe and then put into the open state. Then, at least 1 MPa of nitrogen is introduced to check for leaks. Then, the nitrogen is released through the pressure relief valve. The container is then heated to the temperature required for the test and held for at least 15 minutes before the gas filling and releasing operation is performed.

8. The method for testing the resistance of a sealing component to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-contaminated environment as described in claim 7, characterized in that: Specifically, in step two, the cyclic inflation and deflation operation includes the following steps: a) Fill the container with the test gas until the required test pressure is reached, and continuously record the temperature and pressure at 10-minute intervals. When depressurizing or pressurizing, the interval should be reduced to 30 seconds. Maintain the required test temperature and pressure for at least 68 hours. b) Depressurize the container at a specified rate, with a depressurization rate of not less than 2 ± 0.2 MPa / min and subsequent depressurization at this rate, and maintain at the ambient pressure and set test temperature for 60 ± 10 / - 0 min. c) Pressurize the container to the required test pressure and maintain it for at least 6 hours; d) Repeat step b; e) Pressurize the container to the required test pressure and maintain it for at least 12 hours; f) Repeat step b; g) Repeat step c; h) Repeat step b; i) Repeat step e; j) Repeat step b; k) Repeat step c; l) Repeat step b; m) Repeat step e; n) Repeat step b; o) Repeat step e; p) After depressurization at the specified rate, expose the device to ambient pressure and test set temperature for at least 12 hours before venting all gases; q) After cooling the test vessel to room temperature, open the vessel lid, take out the rapid gas decompression performance test device, open the end cover, take out the test seal and take a picture to record its appearance after the test.

9. The method for testing the resistance of a sealing component to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-contaminated environment as described in claim 8, characterized in that: Step 3: After removing the non-metallic seal to be tested from the test groove, perform cross-section observation: Specifically, use a sharp blade to cut into sections, and wet the blade with soapy water to facilitate cutting and improve the performance of exposed surfaces; the first cut should be made from the center of the area with the greatest visible damage; The second cut should be made at the next most obvious but unrelated point of damage; the remaining sections should be cut at approximately equal intervals in the middle area; if there is no obvious damage to the seal, the first cut can be made at any location, and the remaining sections should be cut symmetrically around the seal; the crack type and measurement should be examined on the surface of each cut using a small magnifying glass with a magnification of at least 10x; three crack types were identified for rating, namely internal cracks, external cracks, and through cracks.

10. The method for testing the resistance of a sealing component to rapid gas decompression in a hydrogen-contaminated environment as described in claim 9, characterized in that: Each seal section is evaluated and rated according to predetermined rules; a single number represents the number, length, and type of cracks found on the exposed section; specifically: Grade 0; RGD damage characteristics: no cracks, holes or bubbles and exposed surfaces are intact; rating passed; Level 1; RGD damage characteristics are: any number of cracks, each less than 25% of the CSD; total crack length not exceeding the CSD; and external cracks should be <10%; no through cracks are present; Rating approved; Level 2; RGD damage characteristics are: a maximum of 5 cracks, each <50% of CSD; total crack length not exceeding 2 times CSD; and external cracks should be <25%; no through cracks appear; rating passed; Level 3; RGD damage characteristics: up to 8 cracks, of which two internal cracks each reach 50-80% of CSD in length; total crack length does not exceed 3 times CSD; and external cracks should be <50%; no through cracks appear; rating passed; Level 4; RGD damage characteristics are: 9 or more cracks with a total length greater than 3 times CSD, or at least one internal crack >80% CSD, or 3 or more internal cracks, each >50% CSD, or any external crack >50% CSD; no through cracks are present. The rating was not approved. Level 5; RGD damage characteristics: any through crack, regardless of location and length; no exceptions allowed; rating failed.

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