Experimental platform for simulating top coal caving process and dust distribution state of fully mechanized caving face

Abstract

The application discloses an experimental platform for simulating a top coal caving process and a dust distribution state of a fully mechanized caving face, and relates to the field of coal mine engineering.The experimental platform comprises a shell, an upper space and a lower space in the shell, a transport roadway model connected to the lower space and close to a top coal caving starting end, an air return roadway model connected to the lower space and close to a top coal caving ending end, a dust particle generator connected to the lower space, an image recognition device arranged on a rear connecting rod, a movable data collection end of a dust detector close to the rear connecting rod, a rear scraper conveyor model arranged below a movable side of a top coal caving support group model, and the conveying direction of the rear scraper conveyor model being from the top coal caving ending end to the top coal caving starting end.Based on the experimental platform, systematic experiments are carried out to obtain the space-time evolution characteristics of a coal-rock interface and a low dust concentration area of the rear connecting rod, and to provide experimental basis and guidance for reasonable arrangement of the image recognition device, stable operation of intelligent top coal caving, and safe and efficient mining of the fully mechanized caving face.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine engineering, and in particular to an experimental platform for simulating the top coal caving process and the dust distribution at the fully mechanized caving face. Background Technology

[0002] Thick and extra-thick coal seams are widely distributed and abundant in my country. Fully mechanized top-coal caving mining technology is an important technology for achieving safe and efficient mining of these coal seams. Fully mechanized top-coal caving mining involves setting up a fully mechanized mining face at the bottom of the thick coal seam working face, using a coal mining machine to cut the bottom coal seam, and using mine pressure and auxiliary loosening measures to break and collapse the top coal above the supports (the top coal above the supports loses support and naturally breaks and collapses under the action of mine pressure), and then releasing the top coal through the coal release port (the collapsed broken coal falls through the coal release port of the hydraulic support to the rear scraper conveyor), and finally being transported out by the rear scraper conveyor, realizing a fully mechanized coal mining method that mines the entire thickness in one pass.

[0003] During fully mechanized longwall mining, the broken top coal above and behind the coal support is in a blind spot for personnel, making it difficult to directly observe its spatial distribution characteristics on-site. Furthermore, with the continuous release of coal through different production processes (such as single-round, multi-round, and intermittent coal release), the interface between coal and gangue (coal-rock interface) above and behind the support constantly evolves, and its changing patterns and spatiotemporal distribution are equally difficult to obtain and quantify on-site. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct visual simulation studies of the fully mechanized longwall mining process using laboratory experiments. In addition, the fully mechanized longwall face currently employs "image recognition intelligent coal feeding technology." This technology uses an image recognition device (industrial camera and searchlight) installed on the side of the rear connecting rod of the coal feeding support to acquire real-time images of the coal flow through the rear scraper. It then uses a camera-integrated algorithm to identify coal and gangue, calculating the gangue content in the rear scraper. When the gangue content exceeds a set threshold, the control system alarms and automatically controls the tail beam to close the coal feeding port, thereby reducing gangue contamination and improving top coal recovery. However, in actual coal feeding, a large amount of coal dust enters the working face environment with the top coal, easily adhering to the lens surfaces of the camera and searchlight, leading to decreased image quality, reduced recognition accuracy, or even failure. This increases the difficulty of implementing intelligent coal feeding and affects top coal recovery and production efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to study the changes and distribution patterns of dust concentration near the rear connecting rod of the coal feeding support during the coal feeding process, identify areas with relatively low dust concentration, and optimize the installation position of the image recognition device in these areas to reduce dust interference with the recognition device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an experimental platform for simulating the top coal caving process and the dust distribution state of the fully mechanized longwall face, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Based on the experimental platform provided by this invention, through systematic experiments, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the coal-rock interface and the low dust concentration area of ​​the rear connecting rod are obtained, providing experimental basis and guidance for the rational layout of image recognition devices, the stable operation of intelligent coal caving, and the safe and efficient mining of the fully mechanized longwall face.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: This invention provides an experimental platform for simulating the top coal seam venting process and dust distribution at the fully mechanized coal venting face. The platform comprises a transparent outer shell, a transport roadway model located outside the outer shell, and a return airway model located outside the outer shell. The interior of the outer shell is divided into an upper space for forming a simulated top coal seam and a lower space for setting up a coal venting support group model. The upper and lower spaces are connected. The transport roadway model is connected to the lower space and is located near the coal venting head end. The return airway model is connected to the lower space and is located near the coal venting tail end. The discharge end of a dust particle generator is connected to the lower space. At least one dust particle generator's discharge end is located at the coal venting head end. The connection points between the transport roadway model and the outer shell, the return airway model and the outer shell, and the dust particle generator and the outer shell are all sealed. The return airway model is configured to extract air from the outer shell. The coal venting support... The group model includes coal discharge support models arranged sequentially along the conveying direction of the rear scraper conveyor model. A rear connecting rod is installed on each coal discharge support model, with the rear connecting rod close to the coal discharge area. An image recognition device is installed on the rear connecting rod with its image acquisition end facing the rear scraper conveyor model. The movable data acquisition end of the dust detector is close to the rear connecting rod and located between the rear connecting rod and the coal discharge space. The rear scraper conveyor model is positioned below the movable side of the coal discharge support group model, with its conveying direction from the coal discharge end to the coal discharge beginning. The rear scraper conveyor model conveys coal to the transport roadway model. When preparing for the simulated top coal overflow experiment, a simulated gangue layer and a simulated coal seam are arranged from top to bottom in the upper space. The coal discharge support group model in a closed state supports the simulated coal seam. In the closed state, the top surface of the coal discharge support group model completely seals the interface between the upper space and the lower space.

[0006] In one embodiment, the outer shell includes an upper shell corresponding to the upper space and a lower shell corresponding to the lower space. The upper shell includes a front plate, a left plate, a right plate, a rear plate, and a middle plate. The front plate, left plate, right plate, and rear plate are vertically arranged and enclose each other to form a combined structure with flush upper edges. The front plate and rear plate are opposite to each other, and the left plate and right plate are opposite to each other. The front plate and rear plate are both rectangular plates, and the lateral length of the front plate is the same as that of the rear plate. The longitudinal length of the first plate is less than the longitudinal length of the second plate. The left plate is located on the left side of the first front plate and the first rear plate. The longitudinal length of the side of the left plate connecting to the first front plate is the same as the longitudinal length of the first front plate. The longitudinal length of the side of the left plate connecting to the first rear plate is the same as the longitudinal length of the first rear plate. The lower edge shape of the left plate includes a matching part that matches the top contour shape of the coal feeding support group model in the closed state and a straight part connecting the matching part and the first rear plate. The plate surface shape of the right plate is the same as that of the left plate. Completely identical, the right plate is located on the right side of the first front plate and the first rear plate. The middle plate is a rectangular plate, and the middle plate connects the matching part of the left plate, the matching part of the right plate, and the plate surface of the first rear plate, as well as the edge of the movable side of the coal feeding support group model in the closed state. The lower shell includes a second front plate, a bottom plate, and a second rear plate. The second front plate and the second rear plate are located on a set of opposite sides of the bottom plate. The longitudinal length of the second front plate is greater than the longitudinal length of the second rear plate, and the transverse length of the second front plate is equal to the length of the first front plate. The second front plate carries the first front plate and is aligned with the first front plate. The second rear plate has the same lateral length as the first rear plate. The second rear plate carries the left plate, the right plate, and the middle plate, and the edge of the second rear plate is aligned with the left plate and the right plate. The transport tunnel model fits the lower shell and communicates with the open area on the left side of the lower shell. The return air tunnel model fits the lower shell and communicates with the open area on the right side of the lower shell. The discharge end of the dust particle generator is inserted into the outer shell from the second rear plate.

[0007] In one embodiment, the coal discharge support model further includes a base, on which a column is mounted, and on which a horizontal top beam is mounted. A side guard plate is mounted at the end of the top beam away from the coal discharge area. The end of the top beam near the rear scraper conveyor model is bent downward to form a shield beam. A tail beam is hinged to the end of the shield beam near the rear scraper conveyor model. The tail beam forms the movable side of the coal discharge support group model. A rear connecting rod is mounted on the base, supporting the shield beam. The dust detector is attached to the rear connecting rod and the base.

[0008] In one embodiment, the number of columns is at least four, and the columns are arranged sequentially from the end of the base away from the rear scraper conveyor model to the end of the base closer to the rear scraper conveyor model.

[0009] In one embodiment, the coal discharge support model further includes a front connecting rod, which is disposed on the base and supports the shield beam, and the front connecting rod is located away from the coal discharge area.

[0010] In one embodiment, the image recognition device includes an industrial camera, a searchlight, and an adapter. The industrial camera is positioned above the adapter, and the searchlight is positioned below the adapter. The camera lens of the industrial camera faces the rear scraper conveyor model, and the illumination area of ​​the searchlight covers the shooting area of ​​the industrial camera.

[0011] In one embodiment, the dust detector includes a flexible detection rod and a main unit. The fixed end of the detection rod is fixed to the main unit, and the detection end of the detection rod is a movable data acquisition end of the dust detector. The detection rod has a telescopic structure.

[0012] In one embodiment, the dust particle generator includes a particle generating chamber and an emission tube. A first end of the emission tube is connected to the discharge end of the dust particle generator, and a second end of the emission tube extends into the lower space, serving as the discharge end of the dust particle generator.

[0013] In one embodiment, a fan interface is provided on the return airway model, and the fan interface is connected to the intake end of the fan.

[0014] In one embodiment, a coal mining machine model is disposed within the lower space, and the coal mining machine model is located on the side of the coal release support group model away from the coal release area.

[0015] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: This invention provides an experimental platform for simulating the top coal caving process and dust distribution at the fully mechanized longwall face. By installing transport roadway and return airway models on both sides of the outer shell, and integrating a coal caving support group model and a rear scraper model inside the shell, the actual working conditions of the underground fully mechanized longwall face can be realistically reproduced. After the tail beam of the coal caving support group model swings (i.e., the movable side opens), the unsupported simulated coal seam begins to fall downwards, and the simulated coal seam and simulated gangue layer in the upper space begin to flow, ultimately forming a simulated spatiotemporal distribution of the coal-rock interface. By controlling the swing angle of the tail beam of the coal caving support group model (i.e., the degree of opening of the movable side), top coal can be released at different production stages, and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the coal-rock interface under the corresponding stage can be observed through the transparent shell. The experimental platform uses an exhaust ventilation method, where airflow flows from the outside into the transport roadway model, then into the outer shell, and finally out from the return airway model, replicating the negative pressure ventilation method underground. The dust particle generator releases coal dust into the platform. This serves two purposes: firstly, it supplements the dust volume during the simulated top coal venting process for more accurate simulation; secondly, it can release only smoke and dust for simplified simulation. At least one dust particle generator's discharge end is located at the coal discharge head, allowing the released dust to disperse along the airflow, ensuring consistency with the underground flow pattern and replicating the underground dust distribution effect. The dust detector can monitor dust concentration data at different heights at the rear connecting rod position under various ventilation conditions (specific wind speed and different wind speeds), providing a basis for optimizing the installation position of the image recognition device. The image recognition device can directly acquire coal flow images on the rear scraper conveyor under different simulated operating conditions, intuitively obtaining coal flow image data showing dust distribution. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a front view of an experimental platform used to simulate the top coal caving process and the dust distribution state of the fully mechanized caving face in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the back of an experimental platform used to simulate the top coal caving process and the dust distribution state of the fully mechanized caving face in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a shell in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a side cross-sectional view of an experimental platform used to simulate the top coal caving process and the dust distribution state of the fully mechanized caving face in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the combined structure of the coal feeding support group model, the rear scraper model, and the coal mining machine model in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an internal schematic diagram of an experimental platform used to simulate the top coal caving process and the dust distribution state of the fully mechanized caving face in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an image recognition device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dust particle generator according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dust detector according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] The components are as follows: 1. Front plate 1; 2. Left plate; 3. Right plate; 4. Rear plate 1; 5. Middle plate; 6. Front plate 2; 7. Bottom plate; 8. Rear plate 2; 9. Transport roadway model; 10. Return airway model; 11. Fan interface; 12. Fan; 13. Simulated gangue layer; 14. Simulated coal seam; 15. Dust particle generator; 16. Coal discharge support group model; 17. Rear scraper conveyor model; 18. Coal mining machine model; 19. Base; 20. Column; 21. Top beam; 22. Side guard plate; 23. Shield beam; 24. Tail beam; 25. Front connecting rod; 26. Rear connecting rod; 27. Image recognition device; 28. Dust detector; 29. ​​Industrial camera; 30. Adapter fixture; 31. Searchlight; 32. Particle generator box; 33. Emitter tube; 34. Main unit; 35. Detection rod. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings of this specification are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and are not intended to limit the implementation conditions of the invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this invention. In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are merely for the convenience of describing the invention and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of those features. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0021] It should also be noted that in the embodiments of this application, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same component or the same part.

[0022] The purpose of this invention is to provide an experimental platform for simulating the top coal caving process and the dust distribution state of the fully mechanized longwall face, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Based on the experimental platform provided by this invention, through systematic experiments, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the coal-rock interface and the low dust concentration area of ​​the rear connecting rod are obtained, providing experimental basis and guidance for the rational layout of image recognition devices, the stable operation of intelligent coal caving, and the safe and efficient mining of the fully mechanized longwall face.

[0023] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 9As shown, the present invention provides an experimental platform for simulating the top coal caving process and the dust distribution state of the fully mechanized caving face. It includes a transparent shell, a transport roadway model 9 set outside the shell, and a return airway model 10 set outside the shell. The interior of the shell is divided into an upper space for forming a simulated top coal seam and a lower space for setting up a coal caving support group model 16. The upper space and the lower space are connected. The transport roadway model 9 is connected to the lower space and is close to the coal caving head end. The return airway model 10 is connected to the lower space and is close to the coal caving tail end. The discharge end of the dust particle generator 15 is connected to the lower space. The discharge end of at least one dust particle generator 15 is located at the coal caving head end. The docking positions of the transport roadway model 9 and the shell, the return airway model 10 and the shell, and the dust particle generator 15 and the shell are all sealed. The return airway model 10 is designed to extract air from the shell. The coal feeding support group model 16 includes coal feeding support models arranged sequentially along the conveying direction of the rear scraper conveyor model 17. A rear connecting rod 26 is set on the coal feeding support model, and the rear connecting rod 26 is close to the coal feeding area. An image recognition device 27 is set on the rear connecting rod 26 with its image acquisition end facing the rear scraper conveyor model 17. The movable data acquisition end of the dust detector 28 is close to the rear connecting rod 26 and located between the rear connecting rod 26 and the coal feeding space. The rear scraper conveyor model 17 is set below the movable side of the coal feeding support group model 16. The conveying direction of the rear scraper conveyor model 17 is from the coal feeding end to the coal feeding beginning end. The rear scraper conveyor model 17 conveys to the transport roadway model 9. When preparing for the experiment of simulating the top coal venting process, a simulated gangue layer 13 and a simulated coal seam 14 are set from top to bottom in the upper space. The coal venting support group model 16 in the closed state supports the simulated coal seam 14. In the closed state, the top surface of the coal venting support group model 16 completely seals the interface between the upper space and the lower space.

[0025] This invention, referencing existing fully mechanized longwall mining sites, establishes a simulation experimental platform to recreate the situation after the bottom coal seam has been cut, before the top coal seam and the gangue layer above it have been mined. A simulated top coal caving process is then conducted, allowing for direct observation of the flow state and interface changes of the simulated coal seam 14 and simulated gangue layer 13 through a transparent shell. The analysis can divide this process into several time points, and the interface morphology at each time point can be represented as a function graph in a specified coordinate system. Mathematical tools are then used to derive the variation function of the coal seam and gangue layer under specific coal seam and gangue layer thicknesses during top coal caving, obtaining a variation law that conforms to reality. In subsequent actual mining, the variation law and spatiotemporal distribution of the coal seam and gangue layer can be directly predicted based on exploration results, effectively guiding mining operations.

[0026] The distribution of dust at the longwall face is monitored and determined using a dust detector 28. Since the movable data acquisition end of the dust detector 28 is located near the rear connecting rod 26 of the coal release support model, the dust concentration data near the rear connecting rod 26 at different heights can be monitored and collected by changing the position of the movable data acquisition end. The collected data is then summarized, and processing tools are used to obtain the dust distribution pattern within the working face during the top coal release process. Based on the dust concentration pattern at different heights, the optimal installation position of the image recognition device 27 on the rear connecting rod 26 can be determined. In subsequent actual mining, the installation positions of the image recognition devices 27 at various locations can be designed according to the predetermined mining process to minimize the interference of dust on the recognition effect of the image recognition devices 27.

[0027] It should be noted that the simulation experiment of dust distribution at the fully mechanized longwall face can be conducted independently or simultaneously with the simulation experiment of top coal caving. When conducting the independent dust distribution experiment, the dust in the working face is entirely supplied by the dust particle generator 15. In the actual top coal caving process, not all coal caving supports release coal simultaneously, but rather releases it gradually from one end of the support. Therefore, the coal caving support group model 16 in this application also adopts a gradual coal release mode, that is, coal is released from the movable end of the coal caving support group model 16 closest to the transport roadway model 9 until all movable ends are fully opened. Therefore, the starting point of coal release is the coal release head end, and the final stopping point is the coal release tail end. The space where coal is supplied and gangue falls is the coal release area. Starting coal release from the transport roadway model 9 ensures that the coal release direction is consistent with the negative pressure airflow, allowing the generated dust to leave the working face more quickly, which is consistent with actual mining. At least one dust particle generator 15 has its discharge end located at the coal release head end, ensuring that the initial dust appearance location is the same as the actual location. To further ensure the reliability of the experiment, multiple dust particle generators 15 can be installed along the coal discharge area, with their discharge ends sequentially discharging dust to simulate the dust continuously generated along the coal discharge path during the entire process of top coal caving. It is understood that the start and stop of the multiple discharge ends can be controlled using existing technology. During the experiment conducted simultaneously with the top coal venting process, the dust particle generator 15 can also supplement the dust volume. This is because, in actual mining, both the coal seam and the gangue layer are fractured due to the loss of support from below, under the pressure of their own weight and the weight of the upper structure. Therefore, small fragments and dust are generated inside before coal is released. During the coal release process, the impact and collision of falling coal will generate more dust. Since the initial state corresponding to the experiment is the state after the bottom coal seam has been cut off and the top layer has not been vented, the simulated gangue layer 13 and simulated coal seam 14 are directly set. Therefore, there is no condition of the upper layer fracturing due to the loss of lower support. Based on the experiment of this invention, this process is not considered to be simulated. Therefore, the simulated gangue layer 13 and simulated coal seam 14 are directly formed by filling and compacting fragments. They are not formed by the fracture of a whole structure after the loss of support, which is absolutely consistent with reality. Therefore, there may be a situation where dust is generated only during the falling process, resulting in a relatively insufficient amount of dust. Therefore, it can be supplemented. Understandably, since the mined coal and gangue are all fragmented, even if the experimental setup is scaled down compared to the actual working face size, it is difficult to find large, intact coal and gangue slabs that match the dimensions of the upper space. Furthermore, dust can be added to the simulated gangue layer 13 and simulated coal layer 14 during their fabrication to supplement the structure.

[0028] It is understandable that, in order to simulate the actual mining process, the coal release support group model 16 can adopt the proportionally scaled model of the coal release support group in the existing technology, without any restrictions on the specific model and structure, and the internal shape of the upper space and the lower space matches the coal release support group model 16.

[0029] It should be noted that the "link" included in the technical features of this invention is not the transmission structure that converts rotation into linear motion commonly used in the prior art. In this invention, the "link" refers to a structure whose upper and lower ends are fixedly set on two different structures and used to support the structure located above.

[0030] In one embodiment, the outer shell includes an upper shell corresponding to the upper space and a lower shell corresponding to the lower space. The upper shell includes a front plate 1, a left plate 2, a right plate 3, a rear plate 4, and a middle plate 5. The front plate 1, left plate 2, right plate 3, and rear plate 4 are vertically arranged and enclose each other to form a combined structure with flush upper edges. The front plate 1 and rear plate 4 are arranged opposite each other, and the left plate 2 and right plate 3 are arranged opposite each other. The front plate 1 and rear plate 4 are both rectangular plates. The lateral length of the front plate 1 is the same as that of the rear plate 4, and the longitudinal length of the front plate 1 is less than that of the rear plate 4. The left plate 2 is located on the left side of the front plate 1 and the rear plate 4, and the left plate 2 is connected to... The longitudinal length of one side of the front plate 1 is the same as the longitudinal length of the front plate 1. The longitudinal length of the left plate 2 connecting to the rear plate 4 is the same as the longitudinal length of the rear plate 4. The lower edge shape of the left plate 2 includes the matching part of the top outline shape of the coal feeding support group model 16 in the closed state and the straight part connecting the matching part and the rear plate 4. The plate surface shape of the right plate 3 is completely consistent with the left plate 2. The right plate 3 is set on the right side of the front plate 1 and the rear plate 4. The middle plate 5 is a rectangular plate. The middle plate 5 connects the matching part of the left plate 2, the matching part of the right plate 3, the plate surface of the rear plate 4, and the edge of the movable side of the coal feeding support group model 16 in the closed state. The lower shell includes a front plate 6, a bottom plate 7, and a rear plate 8. The front plate 6 and the rear plate 8 are located on a pair of opposite sides of the bottom plate 7. The longitudinal length of the front plate 6 is greater than the longitudinal length of the rear plate 8. The transverse length of the front plate 6 is equal to the length of the front plate 1. The front plate 6 carries the front plate 1 and is aligned with the front plate 1. The transverse length of the rear plate 8 is equal to the transverse length of the rear plate 4. The rear plate 8 carries the left plate 2, the right plate 3, and the middle plate 5, and the edge of the rear plate 8 is aligned with the left plate 2 and the right plate 3. The transport tunnel model 9 fits into the lower shell and is connected to the open area on the left side of the lower shell. The return air tunnel model 10 fits into the lower shell and is connected to the open area on the right side of the lower shell. The discharge end of the dust particle generator 15 is inserted into the shell from the rear plate 8.

[0031] The upper space has a downward-sloping surface at the bottom and a straight surface extending to the lowest point, which simulates the top shape of a fully mechanized longwall face in actual mining. The lower space has large open faces at both ends, consistent with the shape of a fully mechanized longwall face in actual mining.

[0032] In one embodiment, the coal feeding support model also includes a base 19, on which a column 20 is mounted. A horizontal top beam 21 is mounted on the column 20. A side guard plate 22 is mounted on the end of the top beam 21 away from the coal feeding area. The end of the top beam 21 near the rear scraper conveyor model 17 bends downward to form a shield beam 23. A tail beam 24 is hinged to the end of the shield beam 23 near the rear scraper conveyor model 17. The tail beam 24 forms the movable side of the coal feeding support group model 16. A rear connecting rod 26 is mounted on the base 19, supporting the shield beam 23. A dust detector 28 is attached to the rear connecting rod and the base 19. In the experiment simulating the top coal overflow process, the tail beam 24 of the coal feeding support model closest to the transport roadway model 9 opens first, and then the other tail beams 24 open sequentially along the rear scraper conveyor model 17. The dust detector 28 is positioned closer to the rear connecting rod 26 of the coal feeding support model to obtain accurate data.

[0033] In one embodiment, the number of columns 20 is at least four, and the columns 20 are arranged sequentially from the end of the base 19 away from the rear scraper conveyor model 17 to the end of the base 19 closer to the rear scraper conveyor model 17. This embodiment provides a specific coal discharge support model structure.

[0034] In one embodiment, the coal discharge support model also includes a front connecting rod 25, which is mounted on the base 19 and supports the shield beam 23. The front connecting rod 25 is located away from the coal discharge area. The double-link structure can reproduce part of the actual coal discharge support structure and improve the equivalent support force, which can be used to support the simulated coal seam 14 and simulated gangue layer 13 with larger masses.

[0035] In one embodiment, the image recognition device 27 includes an industrial camera 29, a searchlight 31, and an adapter 30. The industrial camera 29 is positioned above the adapter 30, and the searchlight 31 is positioned below the adapter 30. The camera lens of the industrial camera 29 faces the rear scraper conveyor model 17, and the illumination area of ​​the searchlight 31 covers the shooting area of ​​the industrial camera 29. When the searchlight 31 is turned on, it can increase the brightness of the shooting area, making the obtained image clearer.

[0036] In one embodiment, the dust detector 28 includes a flexible detection rod 35 and a main unit 34. The fixed end of the detection rod 35 is fixed to the main unit 34, and the detection end of the detection rod 35 serves as a movable data acquisition end for the dust detector 28. The detection rod 35 has a telescopic structure. The flexible and telescopic detection rod 35 allows the movable data acquisition end to be positioned at a designated acquisition location. The main unit 34 can process the direct acquisition results and output the acquired data. It is understood that the main unit 34 can utilize existing analytical equipment.

[0037] In one embodiment, the dust particle generator 15 includes a particle generating box 32 and an emission tube 33. The first end of the emission tube 33 is connected to the discharge end of the dust particle generator 15, and the second end of the emission tube 33 extends into the lower space. The second end of the emission tube 33 is the discharge end of the dust particle generator 15.

[0038] In one embodiment, a fan interface 11 is provided on the return airway model 10, and the fan interface 11 is connected to the intake end of the fan 12.

[0039] In one embodiment, the coal mining machine model 18 is located in the lower space, on the side of the coal release support group model 16 away from the coal release area.

[0040] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0041] If this invention discloses or relates to components or structural parts that are fixedly connected to each other, then, unless otherwise stated, a fixed connection can be understood as: a detachable fixed connection (e.g., using bolts or screws) or a non-detachable fixed connection (e.g., riveting, welding). Of course, a fixed connection can also be replaced by an integral structure (e.g., manufactured in one piece using a casting process) (except where it is obviously impossible to use an integral molding process).

[0042] In addition, unless otherwise stated, the terms used in any of the technical solutions disclosed in this invention to indicate positional relationships or shapes include states or shapes that are similar to, close to, or approximate with those states or shapes.

[0043] Any component provided by this invention can be assembled from multiple individual components or can be a single component manufactured by a one-piece molding process.

[0044] Any adaptive changes made according to actual needs are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0045] It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0046] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. An experimental platform for simulating the top coal caving process and the dust distribution at the fully mechanized caving face, characterized in that: The system includes a transparent outer shell, a transport roadway model (9) located outside the outer shell, and a return airway model (10) located outside the outer shell. The interior of the outer shell is divided into an upper space for forming a simulated top coal seam and a lower space for setting up a coal discharge support group model (16). The upper space and the lower space are connected. The transport roadway model (9) is connected to the lower space and is close to the coal discharge head end. The return airway model (10) is connected to the lower space and is close to the coal discharge end. The discharge end of the dust particle generator (15) is connected to the lower space. The discharge end of at least one of the dust particle generators (15) is located at the coal discharge head end. The docking positions of the transport roadway model (9) and the outer shell, the return airway model (10) and the dust particle generator (15) are all sealed. The return airway model (10) is used to extract air from the outer shell. The coal feeding support group model (16) includes coal feeding support models arranged sequentially along the conveying direction of the rear scraper conveyor model (17). A rear connecting rod (26) is provided on the coal feeding support model. The rear connecting rod (26) is close to the coal feeding area. An image recognition device (27) is provided on the rear connecting rod (26) with its image acquisition end facing the rear scraper conveyor model (17). The movable data acquisition end of the dust detector (28) is close to the rear connecting rod (26) and located between the rear connecting rod (26) and the coal feeding space. The rear scraper conveyor model (17) is located below the movable side of the coal feeding support group model (16). The conveying direction of the rear scraper conveyor model (17) is from the coal feeding end to the coal feeding beginning. The rear scraper conveyor model (17) conveys to the transport roadway model (9). When preparing for the simulated top coal venting experiment, a simulated gangue layer (13) and a simulated coal seam (14) are set from top to bottom in the upper space. The coal venting support group model (16) in the closed state supports the simulated coal seam (14). In the closed state, the top surface of the coal venting support group model (16) completely seals the interface between the upper space and the lower space.

2. The experimental platform for simulating the top coal caving process and dust distribution at the fully mechanized caving face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shell includes an upper shell corresponding to the upper space and a lower shell corresponding to the lower space. The upper shell includes a front plate (1), a left plate (2), a right plate (3), a rear plate (4), and a middle plate (5). The front plate (1), the left plate (2), the right plate (3), and the rear plate (4) are vertically arranged and enclosed to form a combined structure with flush upper edges. The front plate (1) and the rear plate (4) are arranged opposite each other, and the left plate (2) and the right plate (3) are arranged opposite each other. The front plate (1) and the rear plate (4) are both rectangular plates. The lateral length of the front plate (1) is the same as the lateral length of the rear plate (4). The longitudinal length of the front plate (1) is less than the longitudinal length of the rear plate (4). The left plate (2) is located on the left side of the front plate (1) and the rear plate (4). The left plate (2) connects to... The longitudinal length of one side of the front plate (1) is consistent with the longitudinal length of the front plate (1). The longitudinal length of the left plate (2) connecting the rear plate (4) is consistent with the longitudinal length of the rear plate (4). The lower edge shape of the left plate (2) includes a matching part that matches the top outline shape of the coal feeding support group model (16) in the closed state and a straight part that connects the matching part and the rear plate (4). The plate surface shape of the right plate (3) is completely consistent with the left plate (2). The right plate (3) is located on the right side of the front plate (1) and the rear plate (4). The middle plate (5) is a rectangular plate. The middle plate (5) connects the matching part of the left plate (2), the matching part of the right plate (3), the plate surface of the rear plate (4), and the edge of the movable side of the coal feeding support group model (16) in the closed state. The lower shell includes a front plate 2 (6), a bottom plate (7), and a rear plate 2 (8). The front plate 2 (6) and the rear plate 2 (8) are disposed on a pair of opposite sides of the bottom plate (7). The longitudinal length of the front plate 2 (6) is greater than the longitudinal length of the rear plate 2 (8). The transverse length of the front plate 2 (6) is equal to the length of the front plate 1 (1). The front plate 2 (6) carries the front plate 1 (1) and is aligned with the front plate 1 (1). The transverse length of the rear plate 2 (8) is equal to the transverse length of the rear plate 1 (4). The rear plate 2 (8) carries the left plate (2), the right plate (3), and the middle plate (5), and the edge of the rear plate 2 (8) is aligned with the left plate (2) and the right plate (3). The transport tunnel model (9) fits into the lower shell and is connected to the open area on the left side of the lower shell. The return air tunnel model (10) fits into the lower shell and is connected to the open area on the right side of the lower shell. The discharge end of the dust particle generator (15) is inserted into the outer shell from the rear plate (8).

3. The experimental platform for simulating the top coal caving process and dust distribution at the fully mechanized caving face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coal feeding support model also includes a base (19), on which a column (20) is provided, and on which a horizontal top beam (21) is provided. A side plate (22) is provided at the end of the top beam (21) away from the coal feeding area. The end of the top beam (21) near the rear scraper conveyor model (17) is bent downward to form a shield beam (23). The end of the shield beam (23) near the rear scraper conveyor model (17) is hinged to a tail beam (24). The tail beam (24) forms the movable side of the coal feeding support group model (16). The rear connecting rod (26) is provided on the base (19). The rear connecting rod (26) supports the shield beam (23). The dust detector (28) is attached to the rear connecting rod and the base (19).

4. The experimental platform for simulating the top coal caving process and dust distribution at the fully mechanized caving face according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of columns (20) is at least four, and the columns (20) are arranged sequentially from the end of the base (19) away from the rear scraper conveyor model (17) to the end of the base (19) closer to the rear scraper conveyor model (17).

5. The experimental platform for simulating the top coal caving process and dust distribution at the fully mechanized caving face according to claim 3, characterized in that: The coal discharge support model also includes a front connecting rod (25), which is mounted on the base (19) and supports the shield beam (23). The front connecting rod (25) is located away from the coal discharge area.

6. The experimental platform for simulating the top coal caving process and dust distribution at the fully mechanized caving face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The image recognition device (27) includes an industrial camera (29), a searchlight (31), and an adapter (30). The industrial camera (29) is positioned above the adapter (30), and the searchlight (31) is positioned below the adapter (30). The camera of the industrial camera (29) faces the rear scraper conveyor model (17), and the illumination area of ​​the searchlight (31) covers the shooting area of ​​the industrial camera (29).

7. The experimental platform for simulating the top coal caving process and dust distribution at the fully mechanized caving face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust detector (28) includes a bendable detection rod (35) and a main unit (34). The fixed end of the detection rod (35) is fixed on the main unit (34). The detection end of the detection rod (35) is the movable data acquisition end of the dust detector (28). The detection rod (35) has a telescopic structure.

8. The experimental platform for simulating the top coal caving process and dust distribution at the fully mechanized caving face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust particle generator (15) includes a particle generating box (32) and an emission tube (33). The first end of the emission tube (33) is connected to the discharge end of the dust particle generator (15), and the second end of the emission tube (33) extends into the lower space. The second end of the emission tube (33) is the discharge end of the dust particle generator (15).

9. The experimental platform for simulating the top coal caving process and dust distribution at the fully mechanized caving face according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fan interface (11) is provided on the return airway model (10), and the fan interface (11) is connected to the air intake end of the fan (12).

10. The experimental platform for simulating the top coal caving process and dust distribution at the fully mechanized caving face according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coal mining machine model (18) is set in the lower space, and the coal mining machine model (18) is located on the side of the coal release support group model (16) away from the coal release area.

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