Ground multi-field coupling test device and test method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of coating material testing, and particularly relates to a ground multi-field coupling testing device and a testing method, the ground multi-field coupling testing device comprising: a heat source assembly, a clamping assembly and a detection assembly, the heat source assembly comprising a plurality of simulated heat sources and a driving mechanism for driving each simulated heat source to switch workstations, the clamping assembly comprising a sample clamp for clamping a sample, and the detection assembly comprising a thermocouple, a heat flow sensor, an infrared temperature measuring instrument and an infrared imaging instrument, the simulated heat source being aligned with the center of the sample, the thermocouple being in contact with the back of the sample, the heat flow sensor being fixed on the sample clamp and the testing end face being flush with the heated surface of the sample, and the focusing centers of the infrared temperature measuring instrument and the infrared imaging instrument being coincident with the center of the sample. The present application can simulate extreme multi-field coupling environments such as ultrahigh temperature and high heat flow at low cost, and meanwhile, the accuracy of the testing data is ensured through cross verification between various environmental parameters and testing data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coating material testing technology, and in particular to a ground multi-field coupling testing device and testing method. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of deep space exploration and hypersonic flight technologies, spacecraft face extremely harsh external environments during their service. In the research and development of solar proximity exploration and hypersonic vehicles, thermal protection coating materials must withstand extreme environments involving multiple coupled fields such as ultra-high temperatures, high heat flux, high-speed particle impacts, and complex chemical corrosion.

[0003] To evaluate the service performance of coating materials under the aforementioned extreme environments, ground simulation tests are typically required. Ground multi-field coupling testing refers to the process of reproducing, as equivalently as possible, the extreme environment of multiple superimposed physical and chemical fields encountered by an aircraft during actual flight under laboratory conditions, using specific heat sources and testing equipment, and acquiring the thermal response parameters of the material in real time.

[0004] However, large-scale ground simulation devices are expensive to test and difficult to book, and it is difficult to simulate the extreme environment of multi-field coupling, such as ultra-high temperature, high heat flux, ultra-high speed impact and multi-media corrosion faced by solar close-in probes and hypersonic vehicles in service at low cost. At the same time, the relevant testing methods lack real-time, in-situ, and high-precision cross-verification methods for multiple physical quantities (such as temperature, heat flux, and temperature field), resulting in low accuracy of the obtained test data. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a ground-based multi-field coupling test device and test method to solve the technical problem in related technologies that it is difficult to equivalently simulate extreme environments of multi-field coupling at low cost.

[0006] The present invention provides a ground-based multi-field coupling test device, comprising: The heat source assembly includes multiple simulated heat sources and a drive mechanism for switching each of the simulated heat sources at different workstations. The multiple simulated heat sources include a supersonic flame torch, a plasma flame torch, and a gas flame torch. Clamping assembly, including a specimen clamp for clamping a specimen; The detection components include thermocouples, heat flow sensors, infrared thermometers, and infrared imagers; During testing, the driving mechanism drives one of the simulated heat sources to switch to the working position and align it with the center of the sample; the thermocouple contacts the back of the sample, the heat flow sensor is fixed on the sample fixture, and the test end face of the heat flow sensor is flush with the heated surface of the sample; the focusing centers of the infrared thermometer and the infrared imager coincide with the center of the sample.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, the sample fixture includes a clamping body, support columns disposed on both sides of the clamping body, and a clamping plate assembly disposed in the middle of the clamping body. The clamping plate assembly includes two clamping plates disposed opposite to each other, and a clamping groove adapted to the sample is formed in the middle of the two clamping plates.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the clamping groove is rectangular or circular in cross-section along the thickness direction perpendicular to the clamping plate group, each clamping plate has a slotted portion on one side, and the slotted portions of two clamping plates form the clamping groove; a plurality of protrusions are provided on the inner wall of each slotted portion, and a groove is provided on the outer periphery of the sample, and the protrusions are used to be engaged in the groove of the sample.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the interior of the support column is a hollow structure, and the hollow structure forms a cooling channel for introducing cooling gas.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the material of the sample clamp includes one or more of stainless steel, tungsten alloy, and alumina.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism includes a conversion table, a driving component, and a workstation fixture. The conversion table is provided with multiple mounting areas along the circumference, and each mounting area is equipped with one of the workstation fixtures. The driving component is connected to the conversion table and is used to drive the conversion table to rotate for workstation switching.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the supersonic flame jet ejected by the supersonic flame torch has a supersonic flame velocity ≥1500m / s and a flame temperature of 2900℃~3300℃; the plasma flame jet ejected by the plasma flame torch has a plasma flame temperature T>5000K; and the gas flame jet ejected by the gas flame torch has a gas flame temperature of 2000℃~3100℃.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the thermocouple is an S-type thermocouple with a test temperature range of -50°C to 1482°C and an accuracy of + / -1.5°C or + / -0.25%; the heat flux sensor has a range ≥2MW / m 2 Furthermore, the heat flow sensor has a water-cooled structure, wherein the water-cooling pressure of the water-cooling structure is 1 Bar to 4 Bar, and the water-cooling flow rate is 10 L / min to 28 L / min.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the infrared thermometer has a test temperature of 600℃~3000℃, a measurement accuracy of ±1% or ±1℃, and an emissivity of 0.1~1.0; the infrared imager has a test temperature of 600℃~3000℃, and a measurement accuracy of ±2% or ±2℃.

[0015] The present invention also provides a ground multi-field coupling test method, which uses the ground multi-field coupling test device as described above, and includes the following steps: Fix the sample in the sample holder; The drive mechanism switches the required simulated heat source to the working position and aligns it with the center of the sample; The simulated heat source is activated, and the test data of the sample is acquired in real time using the detection components; After the test, the simulated heat source was turned off until the sample was completely cooled. Remove the sample and record and export the test data.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The ground-based multi-field coupling testing device and method proposed in this invention integrates multiple simulated heat sources with different characteristics (supersonic flame torch, plasma flame torch, and gas flame torch) and dynamically switches them with a drive mechanism. This enables the low-cost simulation of real extreme multi-field coupling environments in conventional laboratory environments, demonstrating strong applicability and operability. Furthermore, by utilizing thermocouples, heat flux sensors, infrared thermometers, and infrared imagers in the detection components, the response of the sample is detected from multiple dimensions, including single-point temperature, temperature field distribution, and heat flux density. Through cross-validation between multi-dimensional data, the systematic error caused by a single sensor is reduced, ensuring the accuracy of the test data and achieving precise detection of material failure mechanisms under multi-field coupling environments. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0018] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a ground multi-field coupling test device provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sample clamp provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly position of a thermocouple provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat flow sensor provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping plate provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping plate provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a clamping plate provided in another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping plate provided in another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a driving mechanism provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 10 - Simulated heat source; 11 - Supersonic flame torch; 12 - Plasma flame torch; 13 - Gas flame torch; 20-Drive mechanism; 21-Change table; 22-Station fixture; 30-Sample clamp; 31-Clamp body; 32-Support column; 321-Cooling channel; 33-Clamping plate assembly; 331-Clamping plate; 331a-Slotted part; 331b-Protruding strip; 34-Clamping groove; 41-Thermocouple; 42-Heat Flow Sensor; 421-Inlet; 422-Outlet; 43-Infrared Thermometer; 44-Infrared Imager; 100-sample. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0021] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. The drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the shape, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0022] In the following description, numerous details are explored to provide a more thorough explanation of embodiments of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other embodiments, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form rather than in detail to avoid obscuring embodiments of the invention.

[0023] In related technologies, evaluating the service performance of coating materials under extreme environments typically relies heavily on high-enthalpy plasma wind tunnels or large-scale ground-based space environment simulation facilities. However, the construction and operation costs of these large wind tunnel facilities are extremely high, and resource scarcity makes it difficult for ordinary research institutions to obtain sufficient testing time. More importantly, a single wind tunnel facility often focuses only on simulating aerodynamic forces or a single enthalpy, making it difficult to flexibly and cost-effectively achieve equivalent simulations of multiple physical fields in a single test. Furthermore, under extreme thermal shock, related testing methods often lack real-time, high-precision cross-validation methods for multiple physical quantities (such as temperature, heat flux, and temperature field), resulting in low accuracy of the acquired test data.

[0024] Based on this, this application provides a ground-based multi-field coupling testing device and method. This ground-based multi-field coupling testing device eliminates the reliance on large single wind tunnels. By integrating various flame guns with different characteristics and combining them with high-precision detection components, it can reproduce extreme multi-field coupling environments at low cost and high frequency in a conventional laboratory environment. Simultaneously, through the spatial alignment and focusing design of contact and non-contact sensors, the probability of data acquisition distortion under extreme heat flux is reduced, providing reliable data support for the research and development of coating materials and the analysis of failure mechanisms.

[0025] Please see Figures 1 to 9 , Figure 1 A ground-based multi-field coupling testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a heat source assembly, a clamping assembly, and a detection assembly. The heat source assembly includes multiple simulated heat sources 10 and a drive mechanism 20 for switching the positions of each simulated heat source 10. The multiple simulated heat sources 10 include a supersonic flame torch 11, a plasma flame torch 12, and a gas flame torch 13. The clamping assembly includes a sample clamp 30 for clamping a sample 100. The detection assembly includes a thermocouple 41, a heat flux sensor 42, an infrared thermometer 43, and an infrared imager 44. During testing, the drive mechanism 20 drives one simulated heat source 10 to switch to a working position and align it with the center of the sample 100. The thermocouple 41 contacts the back of the sample 100. The heat flux sensor 42 is fixed to the sample clamp 30, and the test end face of the heat flux sensor 42 is flush with the heated surface of the sample 100. The focusing centers of the infrared thermometer 43 and the infrared imager 44 both coincide with the center of the sample 100.

[0026] Specifically, the heat source component serves as an energy output source for extreme environments. To achieve comprehensive coverage of different operating conditions, multiple simulated heat sources 10 include a supersonic flame torch 11, a plasma flame torch 12, and a gas flame torch 13. These three torches correspond to different physical field characteristics, and the drive mechanism 20 can quickly switch any of the simulated heat sources 10 to the working position according to a preset test program.

[0027] The sample clamp 30 is used to securely hold the sample 100. Under extreme thermal shock, the sample 100 will not only undergo severe thermal expansion, but may also undergo phase transformation or spalling. Therefore, the sample clamp 30 has extremely high thermal stability and mechanical clamping reliability.

[0028] The detection components include both contact and non-contact measuring instruments, specifically thermocouple 41, heat flux sensor 42, infrared thermometer 43, and infrared imager 44. Heat flux sensor 42 and thermocouple 41 are contact measuring instruments, directly reading data from the hot junction; infrared thermometer 43 and infrared imager 44 are non-contact measuring instruments, fixed in an external space. This multi-dimensional sensor configuration aims to comprehensively detect the response of sample 100 from three dimensions: single-point temperature, temperature field distribution, and heat flux density. Cross-validation between multi-dimensional data ensures the accuracy of the test data.

[0029] The jet axis of the simulated heat source 10 at the working position is aligned with the geometric center of the sample 100 to ensure that the heat flow stagnation point falls accurately in the test area of ​​the sample 100, forming a symmetrical stagnation flow field.

[0030] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 The temperature measuring end of thermocouple 41 is in contact with the center of the back of sample 100. This back-contact temperature measurement not only avoids the thermocouple 41 being directly exposed to ultra-high temperature flames and being burned, but also allows the thermal insulation gradient of the coating material to be calculated by combining the temperature measured on the front. Thermocouple 41 is mainly used to test the back temperature of sample 100 for calculating the thermal insulation gradient of extreme materials and preventing excessive temperature from damaging the substrate.

[0031] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 The heat flux sensor 42 is fixed on the sample fixture 30, and the test end face of the heat flux sensor 42 is in the same plane as the heated surface of the sample 100, i.e., it is set flush with it, so that the heat flux sensor 42 and the sample 100 share the same aerodynamic boundary layer, thereby ensuring that the heat flux density measured by the heat flux sensor 42 is the same as the actual heat flux density input on the surface of the sample 100, and the heat flux value change of the flame can be recorded in real time.

[0032] See Figure 1The focusing centers of both the infrared thermometer 43 and the infrared imager 44 coincide with the center of the heated surface of the sample 100. The infrared thermometer 43 utilizes the infrared radiation characteristics of the material in a specific wavelength band to test the temperature at the center of the flame, achieving a rapid response to the highest temperature at the center of the flame and on the surface of the sample 100.

[0033] Infrared imager 44 is used to test the temperature distribution of sample 100, and to obtain the highest temperature, lowest temperature and temperature field distribution in the temperature assessment area of ​​sample 100. By cross-validating the test data of thermocouple 41, heat flow sensor 42, infrared thermometer 43 and infrared imager 44, the systematic error that may be caused by a single sensor can be reduced, and the accuracy of the test data can be guaranteed.

[0034] See Figure 2 In some embodiments, the sample fixture 30 includes a fixture body 31, support columns 32 disposed on both sides of the fixture body 31, and a clamping plate assembly 33 disposed in the middle of the fixture body 31. The clamping plate assembly 33 includes two opposing clamping plates 331, and a clamping groove 34 adapted to the sample 100 is formed in the middle of the two clamping plates 331. Specifically, the fixture body 31 serves as a basic frame and can be fixed to the test chamber or test platform. The support columns 32 not only support the clamping plate assembly 33, aligning the clamping plate assembly 33 with the spray center of the simulated heat source 10, but also the symmetrical layout of the support columns 32 can effectively disperse and resist the aerodynamic impact load from the front, preventing the sample fixture 30 from bending and deforming as a whole.

[0035] On the inner sides of the two clamping plates 331, clamping grooves 34 adapted to the outer contour of the sample 100 are formed. When the sample 100 is placed between the two clamping plates 331, the clamping grooves 34 formed by the two clamping plates 331 tightly wrap and lock the sample 100. The clamping grooves 34 formed by two oppositely arranged clamping plates 331 increase the clamping contact area and friction, which helps to resist the pneumatic peeling force brought by the flame. At the same time, the clamping plate assembly 33 is designed as a detachable structure. When it is necessary to test samples 100 of different sizes or shapes, it is only necessary to replace the clamping plate 331 with the corresponding clamping groove 34, which improves the adaptability of the equipment to different testing tasks.

[0036] See Figures 5 to 8In the above embodiment, the clamping groove 34 has a rectangular or circular cross-section along the direction perpendicular to the thickness of the clamping plate assembly 33. Each clamping plate 331 has a slotted portion 331a on one side, and the slotted portions 331a of two clamping plates 331 form the clamping groove 34. Multiple protrusions 331b are provided on the inner wall of each slotted portion 331a, and a groove is provided around the outer periphery of the sample 100. The protrusions 331b are used to engage within the groove of the sample 100. Specifically, if the sample 100 is in close contact with the clamping plate 331 over a large area, the clamping plate 331 will rapidly draw away heat from the edge of the sample 100, generating a "heat sink effect," resulting in a large radial temperature gradient on the surface of the sample 100, causing the coating material to undergo non-real early cracking at the edge. In this application, by having the protrusions 331b engage within the groove, the contact mode between the clamping plate 331 and the sample 100 changes from surface contact to line contact. The sharp reduction in contact area helps to block the heat conduction path from the sample 100 to the clamping body 31, effectively reducing the heat sink effect and ensuring the uniformity of the temperature field on the surface of the sample 100. At the same time, the interlocking of the protrusion 331b and the groove forms a mechanical interlocking structure, which can provide great shear resistance when facing supersonic airflow, ensuring the stability of the sample 100.

[0037] See Figure 2 In some embodiments, the support column 32 has a hollow interior, forming a cooling channel 321 for introducing cooling gas. Specifically, under prolonged exposure to ultra-high temperature heat flow, heat is transferred to the sample holder 30. The two ends of the cooling channel 321 are an inlet and an outlet, respectively. The inlet of the cooling channel 321 is connected to an external high-pressure cooling gas source, which continuously introduces high-pressure, high-speed cooling gas into the support column 32. By utilizing the convective heat transfer formed by the cooling gas within the cooling channel 321, this active air-cooling structure ensures that the overall temperature of the support column 32 remains below a safe temperature threshold, preventing the sample holder 30 from experiencing high-temperature creep, softening, or even melting, thus guaranteeing the long-term stable operation of the entire multi-field coupling testing device.

[0038] For example, the sample holder 30 is made of a metal or ceramic material with high thermal conductivity, including one or more of stainless steel, tungsten alloy, and alumina. These materials have extremely high melting points and high-temperature strength, maintain excellent structural stability, and possess strong chemical inertness, preventing them from reacting with corrosive media and avoiding cross-contamination of the sample 100 coating corrosion mechanism by the holder material.

[0039] See Figure 1 and Figure 9Understandably, the drive mechanism 20 includes a conversion table 21, a drive assembly, and a station fixture 22. The conversion table 21 has multiple mounting areas arranged circumferentially, and each mounting area is equipped with a station fixture 22. The drive assembly is connected to the conversion table 21 and is used to drive the conversion table 21 to rotate for station switching. Specifically, each mounting area is securely equipped with a station fixture 22, which is used to clamp and fix the supersonic flame spray gun 11, the plasma flame spray gun 12, and the gas flame spray gun 13, respectively. The drive assembly can be a drive motor, which outputs power to drive the conversion table 21 to rotate and locks it when the spray axis of the target simulated heat source 10 is aligned with the center of the sample 100. This rotation switching mechanism transforms the complex action of changing the simulated heat source 10 into a simple rotational motion, greatly shortening the environmental switching time. Since all spray guns have been centered and calibrated by the station fixture 22 before the test, the rotation switching eliminates the mechanical cumulative error caused by repeated installation and ensures the consistency of the heat flow stagnation point position after each switch.

[0040] In some embodiments, the supersonic flame jet 11 emits a supersonic flame with a velocity ≥1500 m / s and a flame temperature of 2900℃~3300℃. Specifically, the supersonic flame is suitable for coupled environments of ultra-high-speed impact, high temperature, and gas corrosion. The extremely high gas scouring can, to some extent, simulate the test conditions of interstellar dust or air particles impacting material surfaces during the service of solar proximity probes and other ultra-high-speed vehicles; furthermore, when it is necessary to spray the sample 100, the supersonic flame jet 11 can be additionally equipped with a powder feeding mechanism, becoming a coating preparation device.

[0041] The plasma flame emitted by the plasma flame spray gun 12 has a temperature T > 5000K. Specifically, the plasma flame has high energy density, high heat flux density, high charged particle velocity, and high impact force, and carries strong light irradiation. It is suitable for simulating the coupling environment of strong irradiation, high temperature, and high-speed ion impact. It can simulate the ultra-high temperature, strong irradiation environment and high-energy ion impact coupling test conditions of the on-orbit environment of solar proximity probes to a certain extent. Furthermore, when it is necessary to spray the sample 100, the plasma flame spray gun 12 can be additionally equipped with a powder feeding mechanism to become a coating preparation device.

[0042] The gas flame emitted by the gas-fired flame gun 13 has a temperature of 2000℃~3100℃. Specifically, the gas-fired flame is mainly suitable for coupled environments containing high temperature, molten salt corrosion impact, and gas corrosion. The flow rate of the gas flame is relatively mild, but its combustion atmosphere is easy to control. It can be equipped with a CMAS (calcium magnesium aluminum molten salt) molten salt particle or other particulate corrosive media feeding auxiliary device to simulate the coupled test conditions of high temperature, CMAS molten salt, and gas medium corrosion in aircraft engines.

[0043] In some embodiments, thermocouple 41 is an S-type thermocouple 41 with a test temperature of -50°C to 1482°C and an accuracy of + / -1.5°C or + / -0.25%. Specifically, the range of the S-type thermocouple 41 covers the back temperature range of the sample 100, and its measurement accuracy can sensitively detect minor degradation in the thermal insulation performance of the coating.

[0044] In the above embodiment, the range of the heat flow sensor 42 is ≥2MW / m 2 Furthermore, the heat flux sensor 42 has a water-cooling structure with a water-cooling pressure of 1 Bar to 4 Bar and a water-cooling flow rate of 10 L / min to 28 L / min. Specifically, to ensure that the heat flux sensor 423 is not melted under the impact of a large heat flux, it is equipped with a water-cooling structure. The water-cooling structure includes an inlet 421 and an outlet 422 connecting the inside of the heat flux sensor 42, through which cooling water is introduced to cool the heat flux sensor 42. By controlling the water-cooling pressure and flow rate within the aforementioned range, it is ensured that the cooling water can form high-speed turbulent heat transfer in the internal channels of the heat flux sensor 42, keeping the heat flux sensor 42 always in a safe operating range, thereby obtaining accurate heat flux input parameters.

[0045] In some embodiments, the infrared thermometer 43 has a test temperature of 600℃ to 3000℃, a measurement accuracy of ±1% or ±1℃, and an emissivity of 0.1 to 1.0. Specifically, the infrared thermometer 43 mainly collects data in the form of temperature points, has an extremely high response frequency, and can capture the transient changes of the highest temperature point on the surface of the sample 100 in real time.

[0046] The infrared imager 44 has a test temperature range of 600℃ to 3000℃ and a measurement accuracy of ±2% or ±2℃. Specifically, the infrared imager 44 mainly collects the temperature distribution of the test area, and the collected data is displayed in the form of video, images, and temperature points. It can be used not only to verify the infrared temperature values ​​but also for subsequent thermal stress data analysis.

[0047] The present invention also provides a ground multi-field coupling test method, which uses the ground multi-field coupling test device as described above, and includes the following steps: S110: Fix the sample 100 to the sample clamp 30; S120: The drive mechanism 20 switches the required simulated heat source 10 to the working position and aligns it with the center of the sample 100; S130: Start the simulated heat source 10 and use the detection component to acquire the test data of the sample 100 in real time; S140: After the test, the simulated heat source 10 will be turned off until the sample 100 is completely cooled. S150: Remove sample 100 and record and export the test data.

[0048] Specifically: First, perform system initialization and standby preparation. Check whether the pipeline pressures of the heat source gas, cooling gas, and water cooling system meet the standards, and start the power supply of the detection components, heat source components, and control system to put the equipment into standby mode.

[0049] Next, fix the sample 100 to the sample holder 30. Loosen the fasteners of the sample holder 30, insert the sample 100 into the center of the clamping groove 34 of the sample holder 30 and lock it. Fine-tune the axial position of the thermocouple 41 so that its temperature measuring end is in close contact with the center of the back of the sample 100; fix the heat flow sensor 42 in the mounting hole of the sample holder 30, ensuring that its test end face is flush with the heated surface of the sample 100; turn on the infrared thermometer 43 and the infrared imager 44, and align their focusing center with the geometric center of the sample 100.

[0050] Next, the drive mechanism 20 switches the required simulated heat source 10 to the working position and aligns it with the center of the sample 100. The control system issues a command to the drive mechanism 20, and the converter 21 rotates rapidly, precisely switching the target simulated heat source 10 to the working position. The control system automatically executes a safety self-check procedure to confirm that all parameters are within the normal operating range.

[0051] Then, the simulated heat source 10 is activated, and the test data of the sample 100 is acquired in real time using the detection components. The simulated heat source 10 is activated to generate an ultra-high temperature, high-speed coupled flame stream that impacts the sample 100. The control system dynamically adjusts the output power of the spray gun to achieve the target heat flux or temperature value. During this period, the infrared thermometer 43 and the infrared imager 44 capture the temperature and temperature field of the front of the sample 100 in real time, the heat flux sensor 42 records the heat flux density, and the thermocouple 41 simultaneously records the temperature rise of the back of the sample 100.

[0052] Finally, after the test, the simulated heat source 10 is extinguished until the sample 100 is completely cooled. After the preset test time is reached, the simulated heat source 10 is shut off by cutting off the fuel supply. The air cooling system of the sample fixture 30 and the water cooling system of the sensor are kept running until the temperature of the sample 100 and the sample fixture 30 naturally cools down to below room temperature.

[0053] If there are multiple samples 100, the output power of the simulated heat source 10 needs to be reduced, the simulated heat source 10 needs to be moved to the position of the next sample 100, the power of the simulated heat source 10 needs to be readjusted to the preset value, and the cycle needs to be repeated. Remove sample 100 and record and export the test data.

[0054] In summary, the ground-based multi-field coupling testing device and method provided by this invention integrates multiple simulated heat sources 10 with different characteristics (supersonic flame torch 11, plasma flame torch 12, and gas flame torch 13) and dynamically switches them with the drive mechanism 20. This enables low-cost simulation of real extreme multi-field coupling environments in conventional laboratory settings, demonstrating strong applicability and operability. Furthermore, by utilizing the thermocouples 41, heat flux sensors 42, infrared thermometers 43, and infrared imagers 44 in the detection components, the response of the sample 100 is detected from multiple dimensions, including single-point temperature, temperature field distribution, and heat flux density. Through cross-validation between multi-dimensional data, the systematic error caused by a single sensor is reduced, ensuring the accuracy of the test data and achieving precise detection of material failure mechanisms under multi-field coupling environments.

[0055] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ground-based multi-field coupling test device, characterized in that, include: The heat source assembly includes multiple simulated heat sources and a drive mechanism for switching each of the simulated heat sources at different workstations. The multiple simulated heat sources include a supersonic flame torch, a plasma flame torch, and a gas flame torch. Clamping assembly, including a specimen clamp for clamping a specimen; The detection components include thermocouples, heat flow sensors, infrared thermometers, and infrared imagers; During testing, the driving mechanism drives one of the simulated heat sources to switch to the working position and align it with the center of the sample; the thermocouple contacts the back of the sample, the heat flow sensor is fixed on the sample fixture, and the test end face of the heat flow sensor is flush with the heated surface of the sample; the focusing centers of the infrared thermometer and the infrared imager coincide with the center of the sample.

2. The ground-based multi-field coupling test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sample fixture includes a fixture body, support columns disposed on both sides of the fixture body, and a clamping plate assembly disposed in the middle of the fixture body. The clamping plate assembly includes two clamping plates disposed opposite to each other, and a clamping groove adapted to the sample is formed in the middle of the two clamping plates.

3. The ground-based multi-field coupling test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clamping groove is rectangular or circular in cross-section along the thickness direction of the clamping plate assembly. Each clamping plate has a slotted portion on one side, and the slotted portions of two clamping plates form the clamping groove. Multiple protrusions are provided on the inner wall of each slotted portion, and a groove is provided on the outer periphery of the sample. The protrusions are used to be engaged in the groove of the sample.

4. The ground-based multi-field coupling test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support column has a hollow structure inside, which forms a cooling channel for introducing cooling gas.

5. The ground-based multi-field coupling test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sample holder is made of one or more of the following materials: stainless steel, tungsten alloy, and alumina.

6. The ground-based multi-field coupling test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving mechanism includes a changeover platform, a driving component, and a workstation fixture. The changeover platform has multiple mounting areas along its circumference, and each mounting area is equipped with one of the workstation fixtures. The driving component is connected to the changeover platform and is used to drive the changeover platform to rotate for workstation switching.

7. The ground-based multi-field coupling test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supersonic flame jet from the supersonic flame gun has a supersonic flame velocity ≥1500m / s and a flame temperature of 2900℃~3300℃; the plasma flame jet from the plasma flame gun has a plasma flame temperature T>5000K; and the gas flame jet from the gas flame gun has a gas flame temperature of 2000℃~3100℃.

8. The ground-based multi-field coupling test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermocouple is a type S thermocouple, with a test temperature range of -50℃ to 1482℃ and an accuracy of + / -1.5°C or + / -0.25%; the heat flux sensor has a range ≥2MW / m 2 Furthermore, the heat flow sensor has a water-cooled structure, wherein the water-cooling pressure of the water-cooling structure is 1 Bar to 4 Bar, and the water-cooling flow rate is 10 L / min to 28 L / min.

9. The ground-based multi-field coupling test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The infrared thermometer has a test temperature range of 600℃ to 3000℃, a measurement accuracy of ±1% or ±1℃, and an emissivity of 0.1 to 1.0; the infrared imager has a test temperature range of 600℃ to 3000℃, and a measurement accuracy of ±2% or ±2℃.

10. A ground-based multi-field coupling test method, characterized in that, The ground multi-field coupling test device as described in any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: Fix the sample in the sample holder; The drive mechanism switches the required simulated heat source to the working position and aligns it with the center of the sample; The simulated heat source is activated, and the test data of the sample is acquired in real time using the detection components; After the test, the simulated heat source was turned off until the sample was completely cooled. Remove the sample and record and export the test data.

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