A mine water enrichment coefficient testing device based on similar material simulation

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of physical simulation of coal mining, and relates to a mine water enrichment coefficient testing device based on similar material simulation, comprising a simulation box body, a similar material filling layer, a surface water supply simulation system, a mining simulation mechanism, a water conducting fracture observation system and a water yield collection and calculation system. Through the surface water supply simulation system, the supply amount and distribution are dynamically adjusted, so that the simulation working condition is closer to the actual geological condition. The fracture development image is recorded in real time by a high-definition camera, and the water yield is dynamically monitored in combination with a liquid level sensor. The mining simulation mechanism can accurately control the mining speed and range through a driving motor. The surface water supply system can independently adjust the nozzle flow and jet angle. In combination with the parameterized design of the similar material layer-by-layer laying, the water storage coefficient comparison test under different geological conditions and mining schemes is supported, the multi-scene simulation demand of the mine mining scheme optimization is met, the human intervention error is reduced, and the standardization and reliability of the test are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of physical simulation technology for coal mining, and relates to a test device for the water-rich coefficient of a mine based on similar material simulation. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the field of mine mining and overburden failure research, various techniques are widely used to simulate mining-induced fractures and overburden failure characteristics, as well as to test the water-bearing coefficient of the ore. The following methods are currently the main measurement techniques employed:

[0003] One method is physical similarity simulation technology. Based on similarity theory, it uses a mixture of materials such as sand, gypsum, and cement to simulate real rock strata. Layered laying and loading systems simulate in-situ stress, and manual excavation simulates the mining process. This technology can visually demonstrate the development height of the three zones (collapse zone, fracture zone, and bending zone) of the overburden, the morphology of roof collapse, and the laws of surface subsidence. Typical applications include studying overburden failure patterns and optimizing mining schemes. Implementation tools include model boxes, counterweight loading systems, displacement sensors, and high-speed cameras. In the implementation process, the geometric scale is first determined based on the actual geological profile of the mine, and suitable similar materials are selected. Then, the materials are compacted in layers in the model box, with each layer being 5-10 cm thick, and marker lines are laid between the layers to observe deformation. Next, vertical stress is applied by hydraulic jacks or counterweights to simulate the pressure of the overlying strata, and mechanical cutting or removal of pre-embedded modules is used to simulate coal seam mining. Finally, a high-speed camera is used to record the expansion of surface cracks, a laser displacement sensor monitors the subsidence, and the height of the caving zone is measured manually. However, traditional physical simulation devices can only simulate the development morphology of the overlying strata's "three zones," lacking dynamic coupling simulation of surface water recharge, groundwater seepage, and mining-induced fracture development, and cannot truly reflect the actual hydrogeological conditions of the mine (such as the process of surface water filling the mine through water-conducting fracture zones). Fracture development observation relies on manual visual observation or intermittent measurement (such as high-speed cameras recording surface cracks and manual measurement of caving zone height), making it difficult to capture the quantitative correlation between fracture network evolution and water output in real time, resulting in insufficient accuracy in the calculation of the water storage coefficient. During the mining simulation process, the hydrological boundary conditions (such as recharge intensity and seepage path) are mostly static assumptions that cannot be dynamically adjusted, which limits the simulation capability for different rainfall intensities and surface water distribution scenarios.

[0004] Secondly, numerical simulation technology, based on rock mass constitutive models and seepage equations, uses finite element method (FEM), discrete element method (DEM), or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to simulate the coupling between mining-induced fracture propagation and seepage. This technology can predict changes in fracture zone permeability, analyze the impact of mining on groundwater migration, and has the advantages of low cost and multi-scenario reproduction. Commonly used software includes FLAC3D, UDEC / 3DEC, and COMSOL. In the implementation process, a three-dimensional geometric model is first established based on geological data, meshed, and rock strata mechanical parameters are defined; then boundary conditions are set, the bottom of the model is fixed, lateral stress is applied, and a free boundary or uniformly distributed load is set at the top; next, coal seam units are gradually "deleted" to simulate mining, and the damage constitutive model is called to calculate rock mass failure; finally, the permeability coefficient of the fracture zone is set as a dynamic variable to calculate the water flow field distribution. However, numerical simulation technology relies on idealized assumptions of rock mass mechanical parameters and seepage models, and the dynamic coupling relationship between fracture development and permeability coefficient is difficult to accurately characterize, resulting in problems such as "high sensitivity of model parameters and large deviation between simulation results and actual working conditions". It cannot intuitively display the detailed process of overlying rock failure (such as the path of crack propagation and the morphology of caving zones), and its adaptability to complex geological conditions (such as faults and folds) is poor.

[0005] Third, field measurement and monitoring technology can directly obtain overburden failure characteristics and hydrological parameters through borehole exploration, geophysical exploration, or in-situ tests. This technology can determine the height of the actual overburden failure zone in the mine and assess the water storage capacity of the aquifer in the mining area. The data is true and reliable. However, the shortcomings of field measurement technology are limited by mine production safety and construction difficulty. Borehole exploration, geophysical exploration, and other methods are costly and time-consuming, and can only obtain local point data. It is difficult to reproduce the variation law of overburden water storage capacity under different mining schemes. Moreover, it is impossible to control a single variable (such as independently adjusting the surface water recharge intensity and mining speed) during the measurement process, making it difficult to carry out systematic mechanism research.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a new type of mine water abundance coefficient testing device. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and to design and provide a mine water-bearing coefficient testing device based on similar material simulation, which is used for monitoring the development process of mining-induced fractures and quantitative analysis of the mine water-bearing coefficient.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0009] A mine water-bearing coefficient testing device based on similar material simulation includes a simulation chamber, a similar material filling layer, a surface water recharge simulation system, a mining simulation mechanism, a water-conducting fracture observation system, and a water output collection and calculation system. The simulation chamber is filled with a similar material to the actual mine geological conditions, forming a similar material filling layer. The surface water recharge simulation system includes a water tank, a water pump, water pipes, and nozzles. The water tank is located above the simulation chamber and is used to store simulated surface water. The water pump is connected to the water tank via water pipes, and the water pump delivers water from the tank to the water pipes. The water pipes are laid along the top of the simulation chamber, and the nozzles are evenly distributed on the water pipes, with the spray direction of the nozzles facing the similar material filling layer. The mining simulation mechanism includes a drive motor, a transmission device, and mining cutters. Installed outside the simulation chamber, the system is connected to the mining cutters via a transmission device. The transmission device converts the rotational motion of the drive motor into linear or rotational motion of the mining cutters to simulate the coal seam mining process. The water-conducting fracture observation system includes a transparent observation window and an image acquisition device. The transparent observation window is located on the side of the simulation chamber, and the image acquisition device is installed outside the transparent observation window. The water output collection and calculation system includes a diversion pipe, a water collection container, a liquid level sensor, and a data processing unit. The diversion pipe is located at the mining site of the similar material filling layer. One end of the diversion pipe is connected to the mining area, and the other end is connected to the water collection container. A liquid level sensor is installed on the water collection container, which can monitor the changes in the water level in the water collection container in real time and transmit the data to the data processing unit.

[0010] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the length × width × height of the simulation box is 2m × 0.8m × 1.6m, and the four sides and bottom of the simulation box are sealed to prevent liquid leakage during the experiment.

[0011] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the similar material filling layer is laid in layers according to the distribution of the actual mine geological layers and is compacted to ensure its stability.

[0012] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the shape and size of the mining cutter are designed according to the requirements of actual coal seam mining, and mining is carried out in a similar material filling layer according to a preset mining plan to simulate the damage and disturbance to the geological structure during coal seam mining.

[0013] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the transparent observation window is made of high-strength transparent material, which can clearly observe the internal situation of the similar material filling layer.

[0014] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the image acquisition device uses a high-definition camera to collect real-time data on the development of water-conducting fractures in similar material filling layers during the mining process, and transmits the images to a computer for analysis and processing, so that researchers can intuitively understand the development law of water-conducting fractures.

[0015] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the data processing unit calculates the amount of water Q discharged from the mine based on the volume of the water collection container and the water level change data, in m³. At the same time, it records the amount of coal P mined during the mining process, in t. The amount of coal mined is calculated based on parameters such as the size of the mining cutter, the mining depth, and the density of similar materials. According to the formula Kp=Q / P, the mine water-rich coefficient is initially calculated.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0017] (1) Completeness of hydro-mechanical coupling simulation: Existing physical similarity simulation technology focuses on the observation of the failure morphology of overburden and ignores the influence of surface water recharge on the water storage capacity of the fracture zone; This invention, through the surface water recharge simulation system, can dynamically adjust the recharge amount and distribution, and realistically restore the process of surface water filling the mine through the water-conducting fracture zone during mining, making the simulation conditions closer to the actual geological conditions, and solving the defect of traditional simulation that "emphasizes mechanics and neglects hydrology".

[0018] (2) Real-time quantitative correlation between fracture development and water storage coefficient: Traditional methods rely on manual measurement of fracture expansion and water output, resulting in discontinuous data acquisition and large errors. This invention records fracture development images in real time using a high-definition camera and dynamically monitors water output using a liquid level sensor, achieving synchronous monitoring of "fracture expansion path - permeability coefficient change - water output fluctuation". This provides key data support for establishing a quantitative relationship between mining-induced fracture network and water storage capacity, significantly improving testing accuracy and efficiency.

[0019] (3) Experimental flexibility with controllable multi-parameters: Existing technologies make it difficult to adjust a single variable (such as supply intensity and mining speed) for comparative experiments; the mining simulation mechanism of the present invention can precisely control the mining speed and range through the drive motor, and the surface water supply system can independently adjust the nozzle flow rate and spray angle. Combined with the parameterized design of layered laying of similar materials, it supports comparative testing of water storage coefficient under different geological conditions and mining schemes, and meets the multi-scenario simulation needs of mine mining scheme optimization.

[0020] (4) Automated data processing and quantitative analysis: Traditional physical simulation requires manual data recording and offline calculation, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive and prone to errors; This invention automatically collects data such as liquid level sensor and mining parameters through data processing unit, calculates water volume Q and coal volume P in real time, and directly outputs water richness coefficient (Kp) based on formula, forming an automated process of "data acquisition-analysis calculation-result output", reducing human intervention error and improving the standardization and reliability of testing. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the main structure of the mine water-rich coefficient testing device based on similar material simulation provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0023] Example 1:

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a mine water-bearing coefficient testing device based on similar material simulation, including a simulation box 1, a similar material filling layer, a surface water recharge simulation system, a mining simulation mechanism, a water-conducting fracture observation system, and a water output collection and calculation system. The simulation box 1 is filled with similar materials to the actual mine geological conditions, forming a similar material filling layer; the surface water recharge simulation system includes a water tank 2, a water pump 3, water pipes, and nozzles 4; the water tank 2 is located above the simulation box 1 and is used to store simulated surface water; the water pump 3 is connected to the water tank 2 through the water pipes, and the water pump 3 delivers the water in the water tank 2 to the water pipes; the water pipes are laid along the top of the simulation box 1, and the nozzles 4 are evenly distributed on the water pipes, with the spray direction of the nozzles 4 facing the similar material filling layer; the mining simulation mechanism includes a drive motor 5 and a transmission device. The simulation chamber includes a mining cutter 6; a drive motor 5 is installed outside the simulation chamber and connected to the mining cutter 6 via a transmission device. The transmission device converts the rotational motion of the drive motor into the linear or rotational motion of the mining cutter 6 to simulate the coal seam mining process; a water-conducting fracture observation system includes a transparent observation window and an image acquisition device. The transparent observation window is located on the side of the simulation chamber, and the image acquisition device is installed outside the transparent observation window; a water output collection and calculation system includes a diversion pipe, a water collection container, a liquid level sensor, and a data processing unit. The diversion pipe is located at the mining site of the similar material filling layer. One end of the diversion pipe is connected to the mining area, and the other end is connected to the water collection container. A liquid level sensor is installed on the water collection container, which can monitor the changes in the water level in the water collection container in real time and transmit the data to the data processing unit.

[0025] Specifically, the simulation chamber 1 has a length × width × height of 2m × 0.8m × 1.6m. The simulation chamber has a sealed structure on all sides and at the bottom to prevent liquid leakage during the experiment.

[0026] Specifically, the similar material filling layer is laid in layers according to the distribution of the actual mine geological layers and is compacted to ensure its stability.

[0027] Specifically, the shape and size of the mining cutter are designed according to the requirements of actual coal seam mining. Mining is carried out in a similar material filling layer according to a preset mining plan to simulate the damage and disturbance to the geological structure during coal seam mining.

[0028] Specifically, the transparent observation window is made of a high-strength transparent material, which allows for clear observation of the interior of the similar material filling layer.

[0029] Specifically, the image acquisition device uses a high-definition camera to collect real-time data on the development of water-conducting fractures in similar material filling layers during mining, and transmits the images to a computer for analysis and processing, so that researchers can intuitively understand the development pattern of water-conducting fractures.

[0030] Specifically, the data processing unit calculates the amount of water Q discharged from the mine, in m³, based on the volume of the water collection container and the water level change data. At the same time, it records the amount of coal P mined during the mining process, in t. The amount of coal mined is calculated based on parameters such as the size of the mining cutter, the mining depth, and the density of similar materials. According to the formula Kp=Q / P, the mine water abundance coefficient is initially calculated.

[0031] This embodiment organically integrates a similar material filling layer, a surface water recharge simulation system, a mining simulation mechanism, a water-conducting fracture observation system, and a water output collection and calculation system to construct a full-chain simulation platform for "mining disturbance - fracture development - hydrological response," achieving the integration of physical similarity simulation and hydrological parameter testing. Through a controllable recharge system composed of water tanks, pumps, pipes, and nozzles, it achieves precise adjustment of the surface water recharge intensity and distribution area, simulating different rainfall intensities and surface water infiltration conditions, solving the technical problem of fixed hydrological boundary conditions in traditional physical simulations. It utilizes transparent... The observation window and image acquisition device monitor the development process of water-conducting fractures in real time. Combined with the diversion pipe, water collection container and liquid level sensor, the water output data is dynamically collected. The quantitative relationship of "coal mining volume - water output - water-rich coefficient" is directly established by the formula Kp=Q / P, forming an automated and high-precision water storage coefficient testing method. The simulation chamber adopts a design that combines a high-strength sealing structure (sealed on all four sides and bottom) with a transparent observation window on the side. This design not only ensures no liquid leakage during the experiment, but also provides a complete field of view for optical observation of fracture development, improving the reliability and visualization of the simulation experiment.

[0032] Example 2:

[0033] Based on Example 1, this embodiment replaces the surface water recharge simulation system with a permeable plate recharge device or a distributed drip irrigation system. Specifically, the permeable plate recharge device lays a porous permeable plate on the top of the simulation box. By adjusting the porosity and water pressure of the permeable plate, uniform permeation recharge is achieved, replacing the sprinkler spray method. It is suitable for simulating stable groundwater recharge or thin-layer surface water infiltration scenarios. The distributed drip irrigation system uses a dense network of drip irrigation pipes and micro valves to precisely control the water supply at each drip point, achieving non-uniform surface water recharge simulation (such as local surface water leakage), and improving the simulation adaptability under complex terrain conditions.

[0034] Example 3:

[0035] Based on Example 1, this embodiment embeds fiber optic sensors in similar materials to identify the location and extent of crack development by monitoring changes in fiber optic strain. It is suitable for monitoring opaque similar materials or deep cracks, making up for the blind spots of optical observation. An electrode array is arranged in the simulation box to invert the crack network distribution by resistivity changes, thereby realizing quantitative analysis of the permeability characteristics of water-conducting crack zones. It is suitable for dynamic monitoring of cracks in water-bearing bodies.

[0036] Example 4:

[0037] Based on Example 1, this embodiment uses a high-precision electronic scale to weigh the total mass of the water collection container in real time, and calculates the water volume Q by the change in mass, replacing the liquid level sensor. It is suitable for small flow and high-precision testing scenarios, avoiding the influence of container shape on the calculation accuracy in liquid level measurement. Alternatively, an ultrasonic flow meter can be installed on the guide pipe to directly measure the water flow velocity and flow rate, realizing real-time dynamic monitoring of the water output, which is suitable for testing large flow or rapid water surge processes.

[0038] Example 5:

[0039] Based on Example 1, this embodiment adopts a hydraulic progressive mining device for the mining simulation mechanism. The mining cutter is driven by a hydraulic cylinder to simulate the progressive advancement and stress release during the coal seam mining process, replacing the motor drive device. This more closely resembles the mechanical response process in actual mining and improves the realism of the mining disturbance simulation. Furthermore, a detachable coal seam mold is set up, and coal seam modules with different dip angles and thicknesses are prefabricated. By changing the mold, the mining process under complex geological conditions such as inclined coal seams and thin coal seams can be quickly simulated, improving the device's adaptability to diverse mining scenarios.

[0040] The structures and connection methods not described in detail in this invention are all general techniques in the field.

Claims

1. A mine water-bearing coefficient testing device based on similar material simulation, characterized in that, The system includes a simulation chamber, a similar material filling layer, a surface water recharge simulation system, a mining simulation mechanism, a water-conducting fracture observation system, and a water output collection and calculation system. The simulation chamber is filled with a similar material to the geological conditions of an actual mine, forming a similar material filling layer. The surface water recharge simulation system includes a water tank, a water pump, water pipes, and nozzles. The water tank is located above the simulation chamber and stores simulated surface water. The water pump is connected to the water tank via water pipes, and the pump delivers water from the tank to the water pipes. The water pipes are laid along the top of the simulation chamber, and the nozzles are evenly distributed along the pipes, with the spray direction of the nozzles pointing towards the similar material filling layer. The mining simulation mechanism includes a drive motor, a transmission device, and mining cutters. The drive motor is installed outside the simulation chamber. The transmission device is connected to the mining cutter, which converts the rotational motion of the drive motor into the linear or rotational motion of the mining cutter to simulate the coal seam mining process. The water-conducting fracture observation system includes a transparent observation window and an image acquisition device. The transparent observation window is located on the side of the simulation box, and the image acquisition device is installed on the outside of the transparent observation window. The water output collection and calculation system includes a diversion pipe, a water collection container, a liquid level sensor, and a data processing unit. The diversion pipe is located at the mining site of the similar material filling layer. One end of the diversion pipe is connected to the mining area, and the other end is connected to the water collection container. A liquid level sensor is installed on the water collection container, which can monitor the changes in the water level in the water collection container in real time and transmit the data to the data processing unit.

2. The mine water-bearing coefficient testing device based on similar material simulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulation chamber measures 2m in length, 0.8m in width, and 1.6m in height. The sides and bottom of the simulation chamber are sealed to prevent liquid leakage during the experiment.

3. The mine water-bearing coefficient testing device based on similar material simulation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The similar material filling layer is laid in layers according to the actual geological strata distribution of the mine, and then compacted.

4. The mine water-bearing coefficient testing device based on similar material simulation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The shape and size of the mining cutter are designed according to the requirements of actual coal seam mining. Mining is carried out in a similar material filling layer according to a preset mining plan to simulate the damage and disturbance to the geological structure during coal seam mining.

5. The mine water-bearing coefficient testing device based on similar material simulation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The transparent observation window is made of high-strength transparent material.

6. The mine water-bearing coefficient testing device based on similar material simulation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The image acquisition device uses a high-definition camera to collect real-time data on the development of water-conducting fractures in the similar material filling layer during the mining process, and transmits the images to a computer for analysis and processing.

7. The mine water-bearing coefficient testing device based on similar material simulation according to claim 6, characterized in that... The data processing unit calculates the amount of water Q discharged from the mine, in m³, based on the volume of the water collection container and the water level change data. At the same time, it records the amount of coal P mined during the mining process, in t. The amount of coal mined is calculated based on parameters such as the size of the mining cutter, the mining depth, and the density of similar materials. According to the formula Kp=Q / P, the mine water abundance coefficient is initially calculated.

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