An electric energy metering box operation state monitoring device

Abstract

The application discloses an electric energy metering box operation state monitoring device, which comprises a metering box, an electric meter, a mounting bracket, one-way nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped sheets, a transmission connecting rod and louvers. The electric meter is fixedly assembled in the metering box. The mounting bracket is horizontally arranged in the metering box and is located below electric meter wiring terminals. The one-way nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped sheets are slidingly assembled on the mounting bracket and correspond to the positions of each electric meter. Each one-way nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped sheet is matched with a heat conduction structure and is attached to the corresponding electric meter wiring terminal. All the one-way nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped sheets are synchronously connected with the transmission connecting rod. The transmission connecting rod is transmissionally connected with the louvers on the two sides of the metering box. The one-way nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped sheets are deformed by heat and push the transmission connecting rod to synchronously adjust the ventilation opening degree of the louvers. The device perceives the temperature change of the electric meter wiring terminal by relying on the one-way nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped sheets. The components are directly attached to the heat source to realize temperature sensing and can distinguish the temperature rise of the box body environment and the high temperature of the local fault of the terminal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electricity metering box technology, specifically to an electricity metering box operation status monitoring device. Background Technology

[0002] Electricity metering boxes operate outdoors for extended periods. The phase wire terminals of the meters carry the load current, and are prone to accumulating high temperatures due to loose wiring, overload, and oxidation of the contact surfaces. In severe cases, this can lead to equipment burn-out and box fire. While existing protective, temperature measurement, and ventilation structures can fundamentally alleviate operational risks, their structural principles limit their adaptability to long-term, complex operating conditions.

[0003] Existing terminal clamping structures are divided into two categories: fixed pressure plates and ordinary springs. Constant pressure plates will cause plastic deformation of terminals and meter bases under long-term temperature changes, while springs have the problem of high-temperature stress relaxation. The higher the temperature, the more obvious the decrease in clamping force, which continuously amplifies the terminal contact gap, forming a vicious cycle of heating and loosening, and cannot dynamically compensate for high-temperature deformation gaps.

[0004] Conventional ventilation structures adjust their opening solely based on the overall ambient temperature of the enclosure, failing to differentiate between ambient temperature rise and localized high temperatures caused by terminal faults, and lacking the ability to control heat dissipation in stages. In low-temperature, high-humidity environments, the ventilation openings cannot be narrowed, allowing moisture intrusion to easily cause internal condensation and corrosion. Furthermore, in the event of a terminal overheating fault, the ventilation opening cannot be increased further, making it difficult to quickly dissipate concentrated localized heat sources; thus, both moisture protection and strong heat dissipation requirements during faults cannot be simultaneously met.

[0005] Existing terminal overheat monitoring solutions are divided into two types: electronic sensing and simple mechanical temperature indication. Electronic monitoring relies on sensors, power supply, and data acquisition equipment, resulting in high maintenance and modification costs. It will completely fail under conditions of power failure, high temperature burnout, or strong electromagnetic interference, and cannot retain fault data. Simple mechanical temperature indication can only provide a general indication of overheating, lacks the ability to accurately locate individual circuits, and the temperature indication resets synchronously after cooling, making it impossible to permanently record fault traces. Furthermore, the monitoring, clamping, and heat dissipation functions are independent of each other and do not form an integrated protection closed loop.

[0006] Existing temperature sensing components are mostly integrated sensing designs, where localized terminal heating and ambient temperature of the enclosure interfere with each other, easily leading to misdiagnosis. Furthermore, the ventilation and heat dissipation mechanisms lack mechanical decoupling, making structural interference between these two types of actions likely. Additionally, most monitoring devices require modifications to the existing metering box structure, making direct modular installation to various existing new and old metering boxes difficult.

[0007] Existing equipment is unable to simultaneously achieve integrated functions such as high-temperature adaptive anti-loosening clamping of terminals, precise temperature measurement with heat source separation, graded passive ventilation control, and permanent fault location storage without power supply. It has significant shortcomings in long-term outdoor operation reliability and ease of maintenance. There is an urgent need for a fully mechanical passive integrated monitoring and protection device to solve the above technical defects.

[0008] To address this, a device for monitoring the operational status of an electricity metering box is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0009] One of the technical problems that this application aims to solve is that existing outdoor power metering boxes use separate and independent terminal clamping, ventilation, and electronic monitoring structures, which have multiple defects such as terminal clamping force decreasing with high temperature, ventilation being unable to distinguish between ambient temperature rise and high temperature of terminal faults, electronic monitoring failing when power is off, lack of passive and accurate fault evidence storage structure, and the need to destroy the box body and occupy a large amount of internal space for modification.

[0010] To address the aforementioned technical issues, this application provides a single-stage mechanical linkage-type power metering box operation status monitoring device, belonging to the technical field of power distribution metering safety monitoring equipment. It addresses existing industry problems such as high-temperature clamping force decay of existing terminal clamping components in outdoor power metering boxes, the inability of ventilation structures to distinguish between environmental temperature changes and high temperatures from localized terminal faults, power failure of electronic monitoring equipment, inability to passively retain and trace fault locations, separate arrangement of various protective monitoring components occupying internal space, and the need for drilling and welding during the renovation of old boxes. This application designs a fully mechanical passive integrated linkage monitoring and protection device. Relying on two types of differentiated thermal phase change memory alloys combined with a multi-stage mechanical transmission structure, it simultaneously achieves multiple functions including adaptive anti-loosening clamping of phase line terminals, adaptive moisture-proof ventilation of the box environment, graded enhanced heat dissipation for terminal overheating faults, and passive permanent evidence storage of fault locations. The entire device can be modularly installed without altering the original metering box and meter body structure.

[0011] In some embodiments, the main supporting component of the entire device is a mounting bracket. The bracket is arranged below the phase line terminals of the meter. The bottom surface of the bracket is integrally formed with multiple sets of snap-fit ​​structures, which directly clamp the inner wall panel of the metering box to complete the fixation. There is no need to drill or weld the box or the meter mounting rail, which can completely preserve the original sealing and protection performance of the metering box and is suitable for upgrading existing single-phase, three-phase wall-mounted and floor-standing metering boxes. The bracket plate has multiple independent slots along the vertical direction. The number of slots corresponds one-to-one with each phase line terminal of the meter. The inside of each slot is used to limit the assembly of a single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate. The inner wall of the slot forms an all-round constraint, restricting the thin plate to only perform lateral expansion and contraction displacement. This prevents the thin plate from shifting up and down or left and right when the box vibrates or tilts slightly, ensuring that the thrust generated by the thermal deformation of the thin plate can be completely transmitted outward, reducing the loss in the mechanical force transmission process.

[0012] In some embodiments, a thin copper heat-conducting sheet is attached to the side of each single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate facing the meter terminal. Insulating thermally conductive grease is evenly applied to the contact surface between the heat-conducting sheet and the metal terminal. Copper has excellent thermal conductivity, quickly transferring the heat generated by the terminal to the shape memory alloy thin plate, reducing the lag in temperature sensing. The insulating thermally conductive grease isolates the conductive path between the heat-conducting sheet and the terminal, preventing electrical connection between the metal plates and transmission components corresponding to different phase terminals, thus avoiding the safety hazard of phase-to-phase short circuits. The single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate possesses unidirectional irreversible thermal phase change characteristics. When the terminal temperature reaches the critical phase change temperature, the thin plate elongates laterally. The wedge-shaped structure at the front end continuously presses against the copper terminal. The higher the terminal heating temperature, the greater the plate elongation and the greater the pressing force, dynamically compensating for stress relaxation defects in the metal terminal and conventional spring components under high-temperature conditions, alleviating the vicious cycle of widening terminal gaps and continuous heating from the source. The flat pushing surface at the rear end of the thin plate extends outward simultaneously, directly abutting against and pushing the laterally arranged transmission connecting rod to produce translational displacement.

[0013] In some embodiments, a rack is rigidly fixed to the side of the transmission connecting rod. The rack meshes with a gear rotatably mounted on the mounting bracket. An indicator paddle is coaxially fixed to the gear. Each shape memory alloy sheet corresponds to a set of independent racks, gears, and indicator paddles. Each set of indicator structures operates independently and does not interfere with each other. A door is hinged to the outside of the metering box. An observation window is opened on the door facing the area of ​​all indicator paddles. Maintenance personnel can visually distinguish the corresponding terminal circuits that have overheated without opening the door, reducing the difficulty of on-site fault diagnosis.

[0014] In some embodiments, multiple louvers are hinged to the ventilation openings on the left and right sides of the metering box. Inside the side wall of the box, a transmission gear, a reversing gear, and a double rack are arranged in sequence. The two ends of the transmission connecting rod are rigidly connected to the double racks on both sides. The double racks mesh with the reversing gear and the transmission gear in sequence, synchronously driving all the louvers on the same side to complete the flipping and opening action. The reversing gear is used to change the transmission direction of the linear displacement of the rack, so that the left and right pushing and pulling action of the transmission connecting rod can synchronously drive the louvers on both sides to adjust the ventilation opening. The end of the stroke of the double rack abuts against a buffer material of elastic rubber. The buffer can absorb the mechanical impact generated by the rack moving to the limit position, reduce the wear caused by the reciprocating collision of the gear and the louver shaft, and extend the service life of the entire transmission component.

[0015] In some embodiments, a dual-path shape memory alloy is horizontally mounted on the inner bottom of the metering box. The two ends of the dual-path shape memory alloy abut against the double-sided toothed racks on both sides. This type of shape memory alloy has reversible expansion and contraction characteristics in both directions, and is physically isolated from the local heat sources of the terminals, sensing only the overall ambient temperature inside the box. Under outdoor low-temperature and high-humidity conditions, the dual-path shape memory alloy contracts, pulling the double-sided toothed racks to narrow the louver ventilation gap, preventing continuous entry of humid air into the box and reducing condensation corrosion on the surface of the meter and wiring terminals. When the overall ambient temperature inside the box rises, the dual-path shape memory alloy extends autonomously, appropriately widening the louver ventilation channel to achieve passive ventilation and cooling of the box under normal conditions.

[0016] In some embodiments, during normal operation, the temperature of the meter terminals does not reach the critical temperature for phase transformation of the shape memory alloy. The single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped sheet maintains a low-temperature contraction shape, and a safety gap is reserved between the rear end of the sheet and the transmission linkage to prevent the linkage from being pushed. The ventilation opening of the enclosure is independently controlled by the dual-pass shape memory alloy. The heat sources of the two types of shape memory alloys are separated and their functions operate independently, without structural interference. When any phase line terminal overheats and triggers the phase transformation and elongation of the sheet, the sheet will simultaneously complete three actions: adaptively pressing the heated terminal, pushing the transmission linkage to increase the louver ventilation opening, and driving the gear to rotate and pop out the indicator slats. When multiple sheets deform simultaneously, multiple indicator slats are exposed simultaneously, and the louvers are fully opened to maximize the convection heat dissipation efficiency of the enclosure. After the terminal fault is cleared and the temperature returns to normal, the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped plate remains extended and locked, with the indicator lever continuously exposed. This allows for permanent storage of overheat fault location markers without the need for power supply or electronic storage devices. The dual-pass shape memory alloy is unaffected by localized high temperatures at the terminals and can autonomously expand and contract with the overall ambient temperature of the enclosure, quickly restoring the enclosure to its normal moisture-proof and ventilation mode. Maintenance personnel use dedicated low-temperature components to locally cool the fault-prone plate, and with slight manual pressure, the plate can contract and reset, with the corresponding indicator lever retracting synchronously. This single-point reset operation does not affect other already locked fault indication structures. The entire system relies entirely on a purely mechanical structure to achieve all functions, without electronic components or external power supply lines. Even under harsh conditions such as power outages, internal component burnout, or strong outdoor electromagnetic interference, the terminal clamping, adaptive ventilation, and fault location indication functions can be stably maintained.

[0017] In some embodiments, two additional layers of optimized protective structure can be added. First, a flame-retardant insulating partition is installed between two adjacent slots of the mounting bracket to completely isolate the shape memory alloy thin plate and transmission rack of different phase terminals, blocking the conductive path formed by contact between dissimilar metal components, while also providing lateral restraint for the thin plate, further improving the thrust transmission accuracy. Second, a transparent dustproof cover is installed inside the observation window of the enclosure door to completely cover all indicator paddles, preventing outdoor dust, rainwater, and condensation from directly adhering to the paddle and gear surfaces, reducing the frequency of daily cleaning, and slowing down the probability of corrosion and jamming of metal transmission components. The optimized structure has a higher level of protection, is suitable for outdoor transformer substation scenarios with high dust levels and frequent rain and humidity, adds only two types of components, does not require modification of the original mechanical linkage system, and fully retains the core advantages of fully mechanical passive and modular snap-fit ​​installation.

[0018] In some embodiments, the entire device integrates terminal adaptive clamping, passive fault location indication, environmental adaptive moisture-proof ventilation, and fault-level enhanced heat dissipation into one compact unit. It can be directly installed inside the existing metering box using only snap-fit ​​mechanisms, and positioning can be completed in a single hoisting and snap-fit ​​operation. Compared to multiple separate components requiring step-by-step assembly, this significantly simplifies the on-site modification and construction process, reduces installation accuracy requirements, and shortens the outdoor transformer station modification cycle. The device constructs a multi-layered collaborative protection system from four dimensions: terminal heat protection, fault evidence storage, environmental ventilation, and fault heat dissipation. It can adapt to complex operating conditions such as alternating high and low temperatures, high humidity and dust, long-term box tilting, sudden power outages, and strong electromagnetic interference, alleviating the industry shortcomings of existing separate equipment, such as clamping force attenuation, single ventilation control, easy failure of electronic monitoring, and difficulty in accurately tracing fault locations. All transmission and actuation components adopt a smooth transition curved surface structure, with no right angles or abrupt throttling dead angles, resulting in less mechanical transmission impact and lower reciprocating wear rate of components. The entire device is processed using sheet metal, standard tubing, and universal shape memory alloy components. The stamping and welding processes are mature, and the manufacturing cost is controllable. It can be widely adapted to single-phase and three-phase wall-mounted and floor-standing outdoor metering boxes, photovoltaic grid-connected metering cabinets, and industrial and commercial metering equipment. It can be pre-installed in newly built power distribution equipment or used to carry out safety upgrades and renovations of existing old split protection and monitoring components. It can reduce the overall cost of equipment procurement and long-term operation and maintenance in power distribution areas, and reduce the frequency of downtime for maintenance due to terminal overheating and fire, component corrosion, and other faults.

[0019] In some embodiments, during equipment operation, the heat generated by the phase terminal of the meter is first conducted to the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge plate through the heat-conducting plate. The plate deforms and elongates in one direction when heated, simultaneously completing terminal clamping, adjusting the louver ventilation opening, and popping out the indicator lever to lock the fault mark. When the temperature and humidity of the enclosure change, the dual-pass shape memory alloy independently drives the louvers to adjust the basic ventilation gap. The two types of shape memory alloys work together with the multi-level mechanical linkage structure to continuously suppress the potential for terminal overheating and maintain a stable and safe operating environment inside the metering box.

[0020] This invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention relies on a single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate to sense temperature changes at the meter's wiring terminals. The component is directly close to the heat source to achieve temperature sensing, enabling the differentiation between ambient temperature rise in the enclosure and localized high temperatures due to terminal faults. When an abnormal temperature rise occurs in the terminal area, the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate deforms due to heat, driving the transmission linkage to move. The entire sensing and transmission system requires no external power supply lines or electronic sensing elements, avoiding the problem of electronic monitoring equipment failure under conditions such as power outages and strong electromagnetic interference, thus improving the reliability of the device during long-term outdoor operation.

[0021] 2. The single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate and the transmission linkage form a mechanical linkage structure. The mechanical motion generated by temperature triggering can be synchronously transmitted to the gear and rack transmission assembly. On the one hand, it drives the indicator paddle to move, forming a mechanical visual status mark corresponding to the point. After the temperature drops, the status mark is retained, which makes it easy for maintenance personnel to locate the circuit where the overheating fault has occurred and realize the retention of overheating fault traces. On the other hand, it links and controls the louver ventilation assembly to adjust the ventilation opening, actively increasing the ventilation flow area for local overheating conditions of the terminals and enhancing the heat dissipation capacity of local heat sources.

[0022] 3. The louver ventilation assembly is equipped with a dual-path memory alloy component, which can synchronously adjust the basic opening of the louvers according to the ambient temperature inside the enclosure. When the ambient temperature and humidity are low, the dual-path memory alloy component drives the louvers to narrow the ventilation channel, reducing the amount of humid air entering the enclosure and lowering the risk of condensation and corrosion of internal metal components. This balances the normal moisture protection requirements with the enhanced heat dissipation requirements under fault conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the mounting bracket, single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate, and transmission linkage structure. Figure 1 ; Figure 5 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the mounting bracket, single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate, and transmission linkage structure. Figure 2 ; Figure 6 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the mounting bracket, single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate, and transmission linkage structure. Figure 3 ; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 8A top view of the mounting bracket, transmission link, and louver structure of this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting bracket, transmission link, and louver structure of the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram, 1-metering box; 2-electric meter; 3-mounting bracket; 4-single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate; 5-transmission connecting rod; 6-louver; 7-slot; 8-thin copper heat-conducting sheet; 9-rack; 10-gear; 11-indicator paddle; 12-transmission gear; 13-reversing gear; 14-double-sided rack; 15-buffer; 16-double-pass memory alloy; 17-snap-lock structure; 18-box door; 19-observation window. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1: Please refer to Figure 1-9 A device for monitoring the operating status of an electricity metering box includes a metering box 1, an electricity meter 2, a mounting bracket 3, and also includes a single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4, a transmission link 5, and louvers 6. The electricity meter 2 is fixedly assembled inside the metering box 1. The mounting bracket 3 is horizontally mounted inside the metering box 1 and located below the wiring terminals of the electricity meter 2. The mounting bracket 3 is slidably mounted with a single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4 corresponding to the position of each electricity meter 2. Each single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4 is equipped with a heat-conducting structure to fit the corresponding wiring terminals of the electricity meter 2. All single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plates 4 are synchronously linked to the transmission rod 5. The two ends of the transmission rod 5 are respectively connected to the louvers 6 on both sides of the metering box 1. A single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4 is heated and deformed to drive a transmission connecting rod 5 to synchronously adjust the louvers 6 for ventilation opening.

[0027] The mounting bracket 3 has several slots 7. A single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4 is slidably engaged in the slots 7. The slots 7 restrict the thin plate to only move vertically, ensuring that the deformation force of the thin plate is completely transmitted to the transmission link 5.

[0028] A thin copper heat-conducting sheet 8 is attached to the side of the meter 2 terminal facing the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4. The thin copper heat-conducting sheet 8 conducts heat in close contact with the surface of the meter terminal, reducing the temperature transfer lag between the terminal and the shape memory alloy thin plate.

[0029] Specifically, metering box 1 provides a closed installation space for the entire device. Meter 2 carries the functions of low-voltage distribution network metering and current carrying. The terminals of meter 2 are prone to overheating due to the continuous flow of load current. This part of the structure relies on mounting bracket 3 to complete the orderly arrangement of the sensing components, thereby realizing continuous monitoring of the temperature status of the terminals of meter 2. The mounting bracket 3 is horizontally erected inside metering box 1 below the terminals of meter 2. The overall layout avoids the original wiring area of ​​meter 2 and will not encroach on the original equipment layout inside metering box 1. The mounting bracket 3 serves as a load-bearing foundation, providing a stable assembly carrier for the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4, and at the same time establishing the mechanical transmission path between the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4 and the transmission link 5.

[0030] Each meter 2 is equipped with a single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped plate 4 on the mounting bracket 3. Each single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped plate 4 independently corresponds to a single terminal of the meter 2, and can independently sense the local temperature rise generated by the corresponding terminal, avoiding the confusion of temperature signals from multiple circuits. Each single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped plate 4 is equipped with a heat-conducting structure that fits into the terminal of the meter 2. Heat can be directly conducted from the metal terminal to the body of the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped plate 4, allowing the plate to synchronously capture the temperature change of the terminal and avoid the interference of the overall ambient temperature of the box with the local temperature sensing effect of the terminal. All single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped plates 4 are linked with the transmission rod 5. When any single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped plate 4 is heated and deformed, it can drive the transmission rod 5 to move. The two ends of the transmission rod 5 establish a transmission relationship with the louvers 6 on both sides of the metering box 1. The linear displacement generated by the deformation of the plate can be directly converted into the flipping action of the louvers 6, thereby synchronously adjusting the ventilation area formed by the louvers 6.

[0031] The single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4 possesses the physical characteristic of thermal deformation. When the temperature of the terminals of the meter 2 rises to the corresponding phase change temperature range, the thin plate itself undergoes a vertical elongation change. The thrust generated by the deformation directly acts on the transmission link 5, pushing the transmission link 5 to slide, thereby simultaneously changing the opening and closing angle of the louvers 6, increasing the air exchange channel between the metering box 1 and the outside air, and thus dissipating heat from the area surrounding the heated terminals. After the terminal temperature drops back to the normal temperature range, the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4 will maintain its deformed shape and will not automatically retract and reset. The state of the relevant mechanical transmission structure can be simultaneously preserved, recording the overheated operating state of the terminals.

[0032] The mounting bracket 3 has several slots 7 for accommodating a single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4. The thin plate slides and is engaged inside the slots 7. The inner wall of the slots 7 constrains the lateral and longitudinal displacement of the thin plate, allowing only vertical expansion and contraction. All the forces generated by the thermal deformation of the thin plate are transmitted vertically to the transmission link 5 below, without force dispersion or offset. This reduces the possibility of jamming in the transmission structure and failure of power transmission, ensuring that the mechanical action caused by temperature changes can be stably transmitted downwards.

[0033] A thin copper heat-conducting sheet 8 is attached to the side of the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped plate 4 facing the terminals of the meter 2. The thin copper heat-conducting sheet 8 is directly attached to the metal surface of the terminals of the meter 2. The thermal conductivity of the metal material is better than that of a simple alloy plate in contact with air. The heat generated by the terminals of the meter 2 can be quickly conducted to the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped plate 4, shortening the time difference between the terminal heating and the plate sensing the temperature change. The plate can respond to the temperature fluctuations of the terminals in a timely manner, improving the synchronization of temperature sensing and preventing the plate from deforming only after the terminals have reached a high temperature, thus shortening the fault response interval. The thin copper heat-conducting sheet 8 only serves as a heat transfer medium and will not create a conductive path between the different phase terminals of the meter 2. It can maintain the internal electrical insulation state of the metering box 1 and will not create any new safety hazards of phase-to-phase short circuits.

[0034] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 1-9 A rack 9 is fixedly installed on the side of the transmission link 5. A gear 10 meshing with the rack 9 is rotatably assembled on the mounting bracket 3. An indicator pawl 11 is fixedly installed on the gear 10 coaxially. The gear 10 and rack 9 convert the vertical deformation displacement of the thin plate into the rotation action of the indicator pawl 11, and separately mark the corresponding overheat meter 2 position.

[0035] The inner walls of the left and right sides of the metering box 1 are equipped with transmission gears 12, reversing gears 13 and double racks 14. The two ends of the transmission connecting rod 5 are rigidly connected to the double racks 14 respectively. The double racks 14 drive all the louvers 6 on the same side to flip and open synchronously through the reversing gears 13 and transmission gears 12.

[0036] Buffers 15 are provided on the inner walls of both sides of the metering box 1 and at the end of the stroke of the double-sided rack 14. The buffers 15 abut against the ends of the double-sided rack 14 to alleviate the mechanical impact when the louvers 6 are opened and closed, and reduce the wear of the metal parts due to reciprocating collisions.

[0037] Specifically, the transmission link 5 undergoes horizontal sliding motion under the push of the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4. The rack 9 follows the transmission link 5 and undergoes linear displacement synchronously. The rack 9 and gear 10 maintain continuous meshing. The linear motion can be converted into the circumferential rotation of gear 10. Gear 10 and indicator tweezers 11 form a coaxial fixed structure. When gear 10 rotates, it will synchronously drive indicator tweezers 11 to complete the rotation action. Each set of rack 9, gear 10, and indicator tweezers 11 corresponds to the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4 matched with a single meter 2. The displacement caused by the thermal deformation of a single thin plate will only drive the indicator tweezers 11 at the corresponding position to rotate. The indicator tweezers 11 at other positions will not move synchronously. It can distinguish the overheating points corresponding to different meters 2. Maintenance personnel can lock the circuit with the overheating fault based on the rotated indicator tweezers 11. The entire conversion structure relies on pure mechanical meshing to realize the action transmission. No electronic components are required to participate in signal conversion. The point marking status can still be retained in scenarios such as power failure of meter box 1 and external electromagnetic interference.

[0038] The transmission link 5 is rigidly connected to the double racks 14 at both ends. When the transmission link 5 slides horizontally, it will synchronously pull the double racks 14 on both sides to move linearly along the side wall of the metering box 1. The double racks 14 and the reversing gear 13 mesh with each other, and the reversing gear 13 then forms a transmission engagement with the transmission gear 12. After the linear displacement of the double racks 14 is converted by two stages of gear transmission, it will output a rotational torque in the same direction to all louvers 6 on the same side. All louvers 6 assembled on the same side will maintain a synchronous flip angle. The ventilation area of ​​the ventilation channels on both sides of the metering box 1 can be adjusted synchronously, and the air convection flow in the box is kept balanced. There will be no situation where the ventilation volume on one side is too large or too small. When the terminal is overheated, the transmission link 5 drives the double racks 14 to move, and all louvers 6 synchronously increase the opening and closing range. A larger air exchange channel can be formed inside the metering box 1, improving the efficiency of heat dissipation from the inside.

[0039] During the reciprocating sliding process, the double rack 14 will reach the extreme positions at both ends of its stroke. The buffer 15 is arranged on the inner walls of both sides of the metering box 1 at the positions corresponding to the ends of the stroke of the double rack 14. When the double rack 14 moves to the extreme position, the end will directly contact the buffer 15. The buffer 15 can absorb the kinetic energy generated by the rapid movement of the double rack 14 and weaken the impact force generated by the direct collision between the double rack 14 and the hard inner wall of the metering box 1 and the transmission gear 12. During the long-term repeated opening and closing of the louver 6 with temperature changes, the metal contact friction and impact loss between the double rack 14, the reversing gear 13, the transmission gear 12 and the louver 6 can be controlled, delaying the speed at which various metal transmission components deform and the gap increases, and extending the service life of the entire ventilation transmission structure. The buffer 15 only plays a mechanical buffering role and will not hinder the normal sliding stroke of the double rack 14, nor will it change the opening and closing adjustment range of the louver 6.

[0040] Example 3: Please refer to Figure 1-9 A double-pass memory alloy 16 is arranged horizontally on the inner side of the bottom of the metering box 1. The two ends of the double-pass memory alloy 16 abut against the double-sided racks 14 on both sides respectively. Under low temperature and high humidity conditions, the double-sided racks 14 are driven to narrow the ventilation gap of the louvers 9, blocking the outside humid air from entering the box and forming condensation.

[0041] Multiple sets of snap-fit ​​structures 17 are set on the bottom surface of the mounting bracket 3. The snap-fit ​​structures 17 are snapped and fixed to the original meter 2 mounting rail of the metering box 1. The entire device can be installed without the need to modify the metering box 1 by making openings.

[0042] The meter box 1 is equipped with a door 18 with an observation window 19 on the outside. The observation window 19 is arranged directly opposite the indicator switch 11, so that the meter 2 corresponding to the overheating fault can be directly identified without opening the door 18.

[0043] When heated, the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4 undergoes unidirectional deformation, pressing the terminals of the meter 2 and pushing the transmission linkage 5 to increase the ventilation opening of the louver 6. After cooling down, the thin plate maintains its deformed state and locks the position of the indicator lever 11, permanently leaving a mechanical mark of overheating fault.

[0044] Specifically, the bidirectional memory alloy 16 is arranged horizontally on the inner bottom of the metering box 1. The entire component is in direct contact with the air circulating inside the metering box 1, and can synchronously sense the temperature and humidity changes of the overall environment inside the box. The bidirectional memory alloy 16 itself has the physical property of bidirectional reversible expansion and contraction when hot and cold. The two ends of the component continuously abut against the double-sided racks 14 on both sides. When the ambient temperature is low and the air humidity is high, the bidirectional memory alloy 16 will contract, pulling the double-sided racks 14 on both sides towards the middle of the metering box 1. The double-sided racks 14, in conjunction with the reversing gear 13 and the transmission gear 12, drive the louvers 6 to rotate. The ventilation gap between the louvers 6 will then narrow. The channel through which the external humid air passes through the louvers 6 into the metering box 1 will be compressed, and the total amount of humid air entering the box will be limited. The probability of the meter 2 wiring terminals and other metal components inside the box coming into contact with humid air will be reduced. This can reduce the accumulation of condensation on the surface of the components inside the box in low-temperature environments and reduce the rate of oxidation and corrosion of metal parts. After the ambient temperature rises, the dual-path shape memory alloy 16 will extend autonomously, pushing the double-sided rack 14 to slide to both sides of the metering box 1. The ventilation gap of the louvers 6 will expand simultaneously, and the box will be cooled by natural convection. The dual-path shape memory alloy 16 and the single-path nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4 are arranged in separate areas. The temperature objects sensed by the two are different and will not interfere with each other's corresponding adjustment actions. The two mechanical actions of ambient ventilation adjustment and terminal fault enhanced heat dissipation can run synchronously without structural interference.

[0045] Multiple sets of snap-fit ​​structures 17 are set on the bottom surface of the mounting bracket 3. The outline dimensions of the snap-fit ​​structures 17 match the original mounting rails of the meter 2 inside the metering box 1. During assembly, the snap-fit ​​structures 17 are directly aligned with the rails to complete the snap-fit ​​fixation. The fixing process of the entire device does not require the use of welding, drilling or other processing methods to change the original structure of the metering box 1. Existing metering boxes 1 do not need to be shut down for box modification. The on-site installation process is simplified. The original meter 2, wiring terminals and internal wiring will not be disturbed by the installation operation. The original operating status of the equipment can be kept stable. The snap-fit ​​connection method also makes it easy to remove the mounting bracket 3 for component inspection and replacement during the later maintenance stage without causing irreversible damage to the overall structure of the metering box 1.

[0046] The metering box 1 is equipped with a door 18 on the outside, and an observation window 19 is opened on the door 18. The position of the observation window 19 corresponds to the position of the indicator lever 11. When the maintenance personnel carry out the inspection of the substation, they can see the status of the indicator lever 11 through the observation window 19 from the outside of the metering box 1 without unlocking and opening the door 18 to complete the internal inspection. The inspection time of a single device can be reduced. At the same time, when the door 18 is kept closed, the inside of the metering box 1 maintains a closed and protective environment. The inspection operation will not interrupt the normal metering power supply process of the metering box 1, and will not allow the internal components of the box to be exposed to outdoor dust and rain for a long time, reducing the interference of the external environment of the equipment during the inspection process.

[0047] The single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4 has unidirectional irreversible thermal deformation properties. When the temperature of the terminal of the meter 2 rises to the phase change range, the thin plate undergoes elongation deformation. The clamping force generated by the deformation continues to adhere to the outer wall of the terminal of the meter 2, compensating for the small deformation gap generated by the terminal at high temperature and reducing the contact resistance of the wiring contact surface. At the same time, the thrust generated by the elongation of the thin plate is transmitted to the transmission link 5, which drives the double-sided rack 14 to move, and the ventilation opening of the louver 6 increases synchronously, thereby improving the heat dissipation capacity under fault conditions. When the temperature of the terminals of meter 2 drops back to normal, the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge plate 4 will not shrink back to its original shape on its own, but will continue to maintain its elongated size. The thrust of the plate on the transmission linkage 5 will continue, and the rotational position formed by the meshing of the rack 9 and gear 10 will not reset on its own. The indicator lever 11 will remain visible after rotation. This mechanical latching structure does not require power or storage elements to record fault information. Even if the meter box 1 experiences a power outage or internal component burnout, the marking status of the indicator lever 11 can still be retained. Maintenance personnel can identify the overheating operation record of the terminals of meter 2 at any time during the inspection. Fault tracing is not limited by the energized state of the equipment. The deformation of the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge plate 4 at a single point will only lock the indicator lever 11 at the corresponding position, and will not change the indicating structure state of other circuits that have not experienced overheating. Fault records of different circuits can be stored independently, and maintenance personnel can distinguish the overheating history of multiple meters 2.

[0048] The following is combined Figure 1-9 Introducing the working process of this device: During normal energized operation, meter 2 continuously carries the load current, and the overall ambient temperature inside the enclosure remains within the normal range. The single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped plate 4 maintains its original contracted shape, with a pre-existing clearance between the plate and the transmission link 5, preventing any thrust from being applied to the transmission link 5. The thin copper heat-conducting sheet 8 only lightly touches the outer wall of the meter 2's wiring terminals without any additional clamping force. The slot 7 restricts the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped plate 4 to only extend and retract vertically. At this time, the rack 9 and gear 10 maintain their initial meshing position, and the indicator lever 11 is retracted outside the visible range of the observation window 19, with no fault indication signal. The bidirectional memory alloy 16, located on the inner bottom of the metering box 1, senses the overall temperature and humidity inside the box in real time. Under low temperature and high humidity conditions, the bidirectional memory alloy 16 contracts, pulling the double-sided racks 14 on both sides to move towards the center of the box. Through the reversing gear 13 and the transmission gear 12, the louvers 6 narrow the ventilation gap, reducing the inflow of external humid air into the box and preventing condensation on the surface of internal components. When the ambient temperature rises, the bidirectional memory alloy 16 extends autonomously, pushing the double-sided racks 14 to slide towards both sides of the metering box 1. The louvers 6 simultaneously expand the ventilation opening, relying on natural convection to complete the normal heat dissipation of the box. The buffer 15 absorbs mechanical impact when the double-sided racks 14 slide to the limit of their stroke, reducing the reciprocating wear of the transmission components.

[0049] When any of the terminals of meter 2 becomes loose, overloaded, or oxidized, the terminal temperature rises to the temperature range corresponding to the phase change. The thin copper heat-conducting sheet 8 quickly conducts the heat from the terminal to the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4, causing the thin plate to undergo vertical unidirectional elongation deformation. During the deformation process, the front end of the thin plate continuously presses against the outer wall of the meter 2 terminal, compensating for the contact gap caused by the high-temperature deformation of the terminal and reducing the contact resistance of the wiring. The rear end of the thin plate simultaneously pushes the transmission linkage 5 downward, causing it to slide horizontally. The rack 9 on the side of the transmission linkage 5 moves synchronously with the linkage, meshing with the gear 10 and driving the gear 10 to rotate coaxially. The indicator stalk 11 fixed on the gear 10 rotates synchronously to the visible area of ​​the observation window 19, separately marking the fault point corresponding to the overheated meter 2. Simultaneously, the double-sided racks 14 rigidly connected at both ends of the transmission link 5 slide synchronously to both sides of the metering box 1. The double-sided racks 14 drive all the louvers 6 on the same side to rotate synchronously through the reversing gear 13 and the transmission gear 12, further increasing the ventilation opening of the louvers 6. The fault-enhanced heat dissipation channel is superimposed on the basic ventilation volume adjusted by the double-stroke memory alloy 16, which quickly dissipates the high temperature heat accumulated around the terminal. When the double-sided racks 14 slide to the end of the stroke, the buffer 15 abuts against the end of the rack to buffer the impact, which will not interfere with the basic environmental adjustment action of the double-stroke memory alloy 16 on the louvers 6.

[0050] If multiple meters 2 terminals simultaneously overheat, multiple sets of single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plates 4 will simultaneously elongate and deform. The multiple sets of thin plates will jointly push the transmission linkage 5 to produce a greater sliding amplitude. The double-sided rack 14 will drive the louvers 6 to fully open, maximizing the air convection and heat dissipation efficiency inside the box. Each set of racks 9 and gears 10 will drive the corresponding indicator paddles 11 to rotate out. The observation window 19 will simultaneously display multiple fault locations. Each set of indicator structures is independent of each other and will not interfere with each other's actions.

[0051] Once the line load decreases and the terminal heat source disappears, the temperature of the meter 2 terminals drops to room temperature. The single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate 4, possessing irreversible deformation characteristics, will continue to maintain its elongated state. The thrust of the thin plate on the transmission linkage 5 remains, the meshing position of the rack 9 and gear 10 is locked, and the indicator tweezers 11 maintain the exposed fault mark state. Even if the metering box 1 is powered off or its internal components are damaged by high temperature, this mechanical mark will not disappear on its own. The double-pass memory alloy 16 is not affected by the local high temperature of the terminals and only follows the overall ambient temperature of the box to complete reversible expansion and contraction. The buffer 15 rebounds to offset the residual lateral thrust of the transmission linkage 5, and the louvers 6 can return to their normal ventilation opening under the drive of the double-pass memory alloy 16, and the box re-enters the normal operating mode of moisture protection and heat dissipation.

[0052] After the maintenance personnel complete the fault location investigation and terminal repair work, they use a special low temperature tool to locally cool the single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge plate 4 corresponding to the fault location. With the help of slight external force, the plate shrinks and resets. The plate releases the pushing limit on the transmission link 5, and the corresponding rack 9 and gear 10 are unlocked. The indicator tweezers 11 at this point automatically retract to the initial position, and the device returns to the normal monitoring standby state. The single-point reset operation only acts on the corresponding fault mechanism and will not change the state of the other indicator tweezers 11 that have been locked with fault marks.

[0053] The mounting bracket 3 is attached to the original meter 2 mounting rail of the metering box 1 by multiple sets of snap-fit ​​structures 17 on the bottom surface. The entire device does not require drilling or welding modifications to the metering box 1. During inspection, maintenance personnel do not need to open the box door 18. They can directly identify all the remaining overheating fault points through the observation window 19.

[0054] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0055] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring the operating status of an electricity metering box, comprising a metering box (1), an electricity meter (2), and a mounting bracket (3), characterized in that: It also includes a single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate (4), a transmission link (5), and a louver (6); The meter (2) is fixedly assembled inside the metering box (1). The mounting bracket (3) is horizontally mounted inside the metering box (1) and located below the wiring terminals of the meter (2). A single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate (4) is slidably mounted on the mounting bracket (3) corresponding to the position of each meter (2). Each single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate (4) is equipped with a heat-conducting structure that fits into the wiring terminals of the corresponding meter (2). All single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plates (4) are synchronously linked to the transmission rod (5). The two ends of the transmission rod (5) are respectively connected to the louvers (6) on both sides of the metering box (1). The single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate (4) deforms under heat, which drives the transmission link (5) to synchronously adjust the ventilation opening of the louver (6).

2. The power metering box operation status monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting bracket (3) has several slots (7). The single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate (4) is slidably engaged in the slots (7). The slots (7) restrict the thin plate to only move vertically, ensuring that the deformation force of the thin plate is completely transmitted to the transmission link (5).

3. The power metering box operation status monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped plate (4) is attached to the side of the meter (2) terminal with a thin copper heat-conducting sheet (8). The thin copper heat-conducting sheet (8) is in close contact with the surface of the meter terminal to conduct heat, thereby reducing the temperature transfer lag between the terminal and the shape memory alloy plate.

4. The power metering box operation status monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission link (5) is fixedly provided with a rack (9) on its side. The mounting bracket (3) is rotatably assembled with a gear (10) that meshes with the rack (9). The gear (10) is coaxially fixedly installed with an indicator paddle (11). The gear (10) and rack (9) convert the vertical deformation displacement of the thin plate into the rotation action of the indicator paddle (11) and mark the corresponding overheat meter (2) point separately.

5. The power metering box operation status monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner walls of the left and right sides of the metering box (1) are equipped with transmission gears (12), reversing gears (13) and double racks (14). The two ends of the transmission connecting rod (5) are rigidly connected to the double racks (14). The double racks (14) drive all the louvers (6) on the same side to flip and open synchronously through the reversing gears (13) and transmission gears (12).

6. The power metering box operation status monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner walls on both sides of the metering box (1) and the end of the travel of the double-sided rack (14) are provided with buffers (15). The buffers (15) abut against the ends of the double-sided rack (14) to alleviate the mechanical impact when the louvers (6) are opened and closed, and to reduce the wear of the metal parts by reciprocating collision.

7. The power metering box operation status monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metering box (1) has a double-pass memory alloy (16) arranged horizontally on the inner side of the bottom. The two ends of the double-pass memory alloy (16) abut against the double-sided racks (14) on both sides respectively. Under low temperature and high humidity conditions, the double-sided racks (14) are driven to narrow the ventilation gap of the louvers (9) to block the outside humid air from entering the box and forming condensation.

8. The power metering box operation status monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting bracket (3) has multiple sets of snap-fit ​​structures (17) on its bottom surface. The snap-fit ​​structures (17) are snapped and fixed to the original meter (2) mounting rail of the metering box (1). The entire device can be installed without modifying the metering box (1) by opening holes.

9. The power metering box operation status monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The meter box (1) is equipped with a door (18) with an observation window (19) on the outside. The observation window (19) is arranged directly opposite the indicator lever (11). The meter (2) corresponding to the overheating fault can be directly identified without opening the door (18).

10. The power metering box operation status monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The single-pass nickel-titanium alloy wedge-shaped thin plate (4) undergoes unidirectional deformation when heated, pressing the terminal of the meter (2) and pushing the transmission link (5) to increase the ventilation opening of the louver (6). After cooling down, the thin plate maintains the deformation state and locks the position of the indicator lever (11), permanently leaving an overheat fault mechanical mark.

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