Building design method and system based on structural reuse modification and safe carbon reduction collaborative optimization

Abstract

The application relates to a building design method and system based on structural reuse modification and safe carbon reduction collaborative optimization, and belongs to the technical field of sustainable design of building structures. The application establishes a carbon emission factor database covering recycled building materials and recycled saving amount, inputs an existing structure digital model and evaluates the remaining service life, automatically generates a candidate scheme by using a modification design strategy library with multiple reinforcement replacement strategies, calculates the implicit carbon emission of each scheme, finally takes structural safety compliance and the remaining service life as constraints, takes carbon emission and cost minimization as targets, and obtains a Pareto optimal design scheme by using a multi-objective optimization algorithm. The application incorporates the structural reuse logic and the remaining service life constraint into the design optimization process, solves the technical problem that the existing method is difficult to consider long-term structural safety and low-carbon emission reduction, and realizes the comprehensive technical effects of avoiding large-scale demolition and construction from the source, guaranteeing the safety in the whole life cycle, and collaboratively optimizing carbon reduction and cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of green building carbon reduction and optimization design technology, and in particular to a building design method and system based on structural reuse and retrofitting as well as safety and carbon reduction synergistic optimization. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing global pressure from climate change, the construction industry, as a major contributor to carbon emissions, urgently needs to reduce its emissions. To achieve green and low-carbon development, incorporating carbon emission constraints into engineering structural design has become an inevitable trend. Extending the service life of existing building structures and reducing new construction can effectively reduce the carbon emission intensity per unit building area. Introducing the concept of reconstructive construction into the structural design phase is of great significance in helping the construction industry reduce carbon emissions.

[0003] The engineering structural safety design method mainly focuses on safety indicators such as bearing capacity, stiffness, and seismic performance. It usually adopts a manual optimization model of initial selection based on experience combined with repeated verification. Designers often only focus on meeting the requirements of the code and reducing costs, lacking quantitative consideration of carbon emissions and material recycling, and do not consider the reuse value of existing structures, resulting in high cost and hidden carbon emissions of structural reconstruction design schemes.

[0004] While existing research incorporates carbon reduction targets into the structural optimization design process, it mainly focuses on new structures and has not yet formed a systematic collaborative design process for reconstruction projects. Therefore, how to consider the remaining lifespan of existing structures, resource recycling, and carbon emissions simultaneously during the design phase is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the field of structural design. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology by providing a building design method and system based on structural reuse and retrofitting as well as safety and carbon reduction synergistic optimization, so as to solve or partially solve the problem in the existing structural design process that it is difficult to systematically achieve multi-objective synergistic optimization of implicit carbon emissions and retrofitting costs while taking into account structural safety performance and remaining life constraints.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: One aspect of the present invention provides a building design method based on the synergistic optimization of structural reuse and retrofitting, and safety and carbon reduction, comprising the following steps: S1. Establish a carbon emission factor database, including unit carbon emission factors for building materials, energy, and recycled materials; S2. Obtain a digital model of the existing building structure, extract geometric parameters, material properties and load condition information, and assess the remaining service life of the existing building structure. S3. Establish a structural component modification design strategy library. Based on the geometric parameters obtained in S2 and the estimated remaining service life, generate multiple candidate design schemes that meet the structural reuse and modification strategies through combination and search. S4. Using the carbon emission factor database established in S1, calculate the implicit carbon emissions for each candidate design scheme generated in S3 to obtain the carbon emission evaluation value of each scheme. S5. With structural safety compliance requirements as constraints and minimizing carbon emissions and construction costs as objectives, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to optimize each candidate design scheme in step S4, and the Pareto optimal architectural design scheme is obtained and output.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution, in S1, the carbon emission factor database includes: unit carbon emission factor of main building structure materials, unit energy consumption carbon emission factor, unit carbon emission factor of recycled building materials, and carbon emission savings from the recycling and reuse of building components. The implicit carbon emission calculation covers carbon emissions during the raw material production, transportation and construction stages.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, in step S2, the digital model of the existing building structure is represented by a building information model or a structural analysis model, including information on the component dimensions, material usage, and reinforcement details of the original structure. The process of assessing the remaining useful life includes the following steps: By combining on-site testing or monitoring data and utilizing structural reliability theory, the remaining lifespan of existing building structures under expected service environments and load conditions is predicted, and the assessment results are used as input constraints for subsequent designs.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution, in step S2, the digital model of the existing building structure is obtained based on on-site surveying or BIM modeling technology; The candidate design schemes generated in S3 include the selection and layout optimization of detachable components and recycled building materials. The detachable components include detachable steel structures and modular prefabricated components, and the recycled building materials include recycled aggregate concrete and recycled steel.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution, in S3, the structural component modification design strategy library predefines measure rules, which include cross-section enlargement, local stiffening, insertion of prefabricated modules, and replacement of high-performance recycled materials; During the combination and search process, a set of modification schemes including multiple measures is generated based on the functions and compatibility of different measures. Structural mechanics analysis and verification are performed on each candidate scheme, and schemes that meet the specifications are preliminarily screened.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution, in step S4, the total implicit carbon emissions are calculated using the emission factor method, and the calculation formula is as follows: in, Total carbon emissions; The energy consumption j in the production process of a unit of building materials; For the carbon emission factor of energy type j; The carbon emissions contained in the raw materials themselves; Let i be the consumption amount of the i-th raw material; Let be the carbon emission factor of the i-th raw material; Carbon emissions resulting from the transportation of raw materials; The carbon emission factor of the fuel consumed when transporting the i-th raw material; This represents the fuel consumption when transporting the i-th type of raw material; Let be the transportation distance when transporting the i-th type of raw material; Carbon emissions generated during the production process; The energy consumption j in the production process of a unit of building materials; is the carbon emission factor for energy type j.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, in S5, the multi-objective optimization algorithm is a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, and the constraint conditions also include the remaining service life or reliability index of the structure evaluated in S2, so as to ensure that the optimized solution meets the safety requirements within the remaining service life.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the calculation process of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm includes the following steps: Initialize the population and randomly generate multiple structural design schemes with component cross-sectional dimensions, material type, and reinforcement ratio as design variables; The implicit carbon emissions and construction cost of each structural design scheme are calculated as two objective function values, and feasible schemes are selected based on structural safety constraints including bearing capacity, stiffness and inter-story drift ratio. All feasible options are non-dominated and sorted, Pareto levels are defined, and the congestion distance of each option is calculated. Iterative optimization is performed using genetic operations and an elite preservation strategy until the termination condition is met; The final Pareto front is output, yielding a set of mutually independent optimal design schemes.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, in step S3, the process of generating the candidate design scheme includes the following steps: Use structural analysis software to mark and classify weak components in existing building structures; Based on the attributes of each component, the most suitable reinforcement or replacement measure is automatically matched from the strategy library, wherein the attributes include component category, stress type and residual life; By employing combination and search algorithms, reinforcement or replacement measures for different components are combined in terms of function and compatibility to form a variety of structural reuse and renovation schemes.

[0015] Another aspect of the present invention provides a building design system based on the synergistic optimization of structural reuse and retrofitting with safety and carbon reduction, for implementing the aforementioned building design method. The system includes: The carbon emission factor database module is used to store unit carbon emission factors that include at least a variety of building materials, common energy sources, and recycled materials. The existing building structure model input and evaluation module is used to input the digital model of the existing building structure, obtain its geometric parameters, material properties and load condition information, and evaluate the remaining service life of the existing building structure. The renovation scheme generation module has a built-in structural component renovation design strategy library. It is used to automatically generate multiple candidate design schemes that meet the structural reuse and renovation strategies based on the parameters obtained by the input and evaluation module of the existing building structure model and the evaluated remaining service life, using combination and search algorithms. A carbon emission calculation module, connected to the carbon emission factor database module and the retrofit scheme generation module, is used to calculate the implicit carbon emissions of each candidate design scheme. The multi-objective optimization module is used to optimize each candidate design scheme with structural safety compliance requirements as constraints and the goals of minimizing carbon emissions and construction costs as objectives, using a multi-objective optimization algorithm to obtain and output the Pareto optimal building design scheme.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects: (1) Ensure the safety and feasibility of the output scheme: Traditional renovation design does not fully consider the risk of structural life depletion, resulting in reinforcement schemes that only meet the specifications at present and cannot guarantee long-term safety during the subsequent service period of the building. In S2, this invention introduces on-site test data and reliability theory to evaluate the remaining service life of the existing structure and uses it as a hard constraint for multi-objective optimization in step S5. The remaining service life, safety requirements, and carbon reduction goals are constrained together to ensure that the final output design scheme is not only compliant at present, but also can continuously meet the structural bearing capacity and stiffness requirements within the predetermined remaining service life, avoiding the hidden dangers of overdue reinforcement.

[0017] (2) Scientific design decisions: Existing design methods face the bottleneck of balancing structural safety and low-carbon emission reduction. Manual calculations cannot find the optimal solution for economy and environmental protection among a large number of component combinations. To this end, this invention constructs a modification design strategy library that includes strategies such as cross-section enlargement and local stiffening, and uses a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization, realizing the automation of modification scheme generation. It can output a set of Pareto front solutions at one time, clearly showing the optimal trade-off between implicit carbon emissions and engineering costs, enabling designers to select the most efficient carbon reduction scheme as needed while ensuring safety and compliance, thus improving the scientific nature of design decisions.

[0018] (3) Improve material recycling rate: The traditional direct demolition and construction mode causes the carbon sequestration value of building materials to drop to zero instantly, and the new construction process contains extremely high carbon emissions, which cannot meet the needs of green development. This invention incorporates the design of detachable components and the replacement of recycled building materials into optimization variables, and establishes a refined carbon emission factor database containing the amount saved by recycling. It integrates the logic of structural reuse into the reconstruction process from the design source, and automatically improves the material recycling rate through algorithms, so as to maximize the preservation of the carbon sequestration of existing structures and reduce the incremental carbon emissions generated by the production and transportation of new building materials. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a building design method based on the coordinated optimization of structural reuse and carbon reduction in the embodiment. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a building design system based on structural reuse and retrofitting, as well as safety and carbon reduction, in the embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 To address the problems existing in the aforementioned technologies, this embodiment provides a collaborative optimization design method for safe carbon reduction based on structural reuse and retrofitting. This method, through information collection, lifespan assessment, and retrofitting design of existing building structures, can generate a set of structural design schemes that meet industry standards and have optimal carbon emissions, provided that an existing building structure model is input and its remaining service life and carbon emission reduction targets are evaluated. This solves the technical problem of balancing structural safety and low-carbon emission reduction in the structural design process.

[0022] Specifically, the existing building structure model is represented by Building Information Modeling (BIM) or other structural analysis models, including information such as the original structure's component dimensions, material usage, and reinforcement details. This information is then converted into a format readable by the design generation module. Finally, existing on-site inspection or monitoring data is combined with structural reliability theory to predict the remaining lifespan of the existing building structure under the expected service environment and load conditions. This assessment result serves as an input constraint for renovation design and reinforcement decisions.

[0023] The existing building structure model refers to a digital model of the actual condition of the existing building structure obtained based on on-site surveying or BIM modeling technology, rather than a model of the remaining components after demolition. The model fully records the relevant information of the existing building structure. Demountable components include detachable steel structures, modular prefabricated components, etc., and their selection is based on the ease of future dismantling and reuse. Recycled building materials include recycled concrete and recycled steel that meet national standards, and their replacement ratio is determined according to structural strength requirements and carbon emission reduction targets.

[0024] See Figure 1 The method includes the following steps: S1. Establish a carbon emission database in accordance with the "GB / T 51366 Standard for Calculating Carbon Emissions from Buildings" and "ISO 14067 Requirements and Guidelines for Quantifying the Carbon Footprint of Greenhouse Gas Products". Construct a unit carbon emission factor database containing various building materials, common energy sources and recycled materials for calculating the carbon emissions of subsequent renovation plans. Specifically, building materials may include steel, cement, sand, etc., common energy sources may include fuel oil, electricity, etc., and recycled materials may include recycled concrete, recycled steel, etc.

[0025] S2. Input the model of the existing building structure, obtain the existing structural digital model data of the project, including the geometric parameters, material properties, load conditions and usage status of the building structure, etc., use structural reliability analysis or life prediction model to assess the remaining service life of the existing building structure, provide constraints for subsequent design, and if necessary, combine on-site inspection data and BIM model to extract the structural health monitoring results, establish and improve the existing building structure digital model that can be used for subsequent analysis.

[0026] S3. Establish a structural component modification design strategy library. Input the parameters and remaining service life read in step S2 into the strategy library. The strategy library adopts combination and search algorithms. According to the predetermined structural reuse and modification strategy, it automatically searches and combines multiple schemes within a certain range based on the input parameters.

[0027] In this step, structural mechanics analysis and verification are performed on each candidate scheme to initially eliminate schemes that do not meet the code requirements. Specifically, the modification design schemes are obtained through the following methods: (1) Use structural analysis software to mark all weak components of the existing building structure and classify all components in the structure into several categories.

[0028] (2) Based on the attributes of each component, such as component category, grade, stress type, and residual life, the system automatically matches the most suitable reinforcement or replacement measures from the design strategy library. The strategy library predefines multiple types of measure rules, including: cross-section enlargement, local stiffening, prefabricated module insertion, and high-performance recycled material replacement. Specifically, cross-section enlargement involves increasing the cross-sectional area and thickening the plate or concrete cross-section. Local stiffening involves welding or pasting steel plates or carbon fiber cloth at weak points and adding tie bolts. Prefabricated module insertion involves inserting factory-prefabricated support or frame modules into weak areas. High-performance recycled material replacement involves replacing some components with low-carbon high-strength concrete or recycled steel.

[0029] (3) Combining and searching algorithms are used to combine different measures according to function and compatibility, forming multiple structural reuse and transformation schemes within a reasonable range. Step 4: The system outputs a set of schemes containing details of the reinforcement / jacquard measures used in each transformation scheme.

[0030] S4. Using the carbon emission factor database established in step S1, calculate the implicit carbon emissions of each of the multiple modification design schemes generated in step S3 to obtain the carbon emission evaluation value of each scheme. The implicit carbon emissions only include the raw material production, transportation and construction stages.

[0031] Specifically, the carbon emission factor database should include the unit carbon emission factor of commonly used building structure main materials and the unit energy consumption carbon emission factor of commonly used energy sources, as well as the unit carbon emission factor of recycled building materials, and the carbon emission savings from the recycling and reuse of building components, for more accurate assessment of implicit carbon emissions. In this embodiment, recycled building materials include recycled aggregate concrete and recycled steel.

[0032] Specifically, implicit carbon emissions accounting includes: carbon emissions during the material production and transportation stages, and carbon emissions during the building construction stage. The emission factor method is used for accounting, and the formula for calculating the total implicit carbon emissions is as follows: Carbon emissions contained in the raw materials themselves The calculation formula is as follows: (The values ​​are different.) In equation (1), i represents the type of raw material used in production; Let i be the consumption amount of the i-th raw material; Let be the carbon emission factor of the i-th raw material.

[0033] Carbon emissions from energy consumption during raw material transportation Generally, it accounts for a relatively high proportion, and its calculation formula is: In equation (2), The carbon emission factor of the fuel consumed when transporting the i-th raw material; This represents the fuel consumption when transporting the i-th type of raw material; Let be the transportation distance when transporting the i-th type of raw material.

[0034] Carbon emissions from the production process It mainly comes from energy consumption, and its calculation formula is as follows: In equation (3), j represents the type of energy consumed; The energy consumption j in the production process of a unit of building materials; is the carbon emission factor for energy type j.

[0035] In equation (4), Total carbon emissions This refers to the carbon emissions contained in the raw materials themselves. Carbon emissions resulting from energy consumption during raw material transportation. This refers to the carbon emissions generated during the production process.

[0036] S5. Based on safety and compliance requirements such as structural bearing capacity, stiffness, and seismic performance, as well as the remaining service life of the structure, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to optimize each structural design scheme in step S4 according to objectives such as carbon emissions and cost, to obtain the optimal design scheme and output it. In this embodiment, the multi-objective optimization algorithm is, for example, NSGA-II.

[0037] Specifically, the multi-objective optimization algorithm is the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm NSGA-II. While ensuring structural safety specifications are met, the remaining structural lifespan or reliability index is also incorporated into the design scheme before optimization search. This ensures that the optimized structural scheme meets the predetermined service life requirements, aiming to minimize carbon emissions and economic costs, resulting in multiple Pareto optimal structural design schemes. The specific calculation method is as follows: Objective function: In equation (5), The carbon emissions hidden in the structure are calculated using formulas (1) to (4). The structural cost (i.e., construction cost) is calculated from the amount of materials used and their unit price. This is the set of design variables in step S3, including parameters such as component cross-sectional dimensions, concrete strength grade, reinforcement ratio, and material type.

[0038] Constraints: In equation (6), Structural safety constraints, such as bearing capacity, stiffness, and inter-story drift ratio, are imposed according to structural safety codes. Only solutions that simultaneously meet these constraints are considered feasible.

[0039] Non-dominated sorting mechanisms: In equation (7), A and B represent two design schemes with different combinations of cross-sectional dimensions, material strengths, reinforcement schemes, etc. , Let be the numerical value of the k-th objective function, such as carbon emissions or cost. This formula defines the dominance relationship: if option A is no worse than option B on all objectives and is better on at least one objective, then A dominates B.

[0040] Crowding calculation: In equation (8), Distance representing the crowding level of individuals, a representation scheme The sparsity at the Pareto front , This represents the function value of a neighboring individual under the k-th objective. , This represents the maximum and minimum values ​​of the objective function, and M is the number of objective functions, which is 2 here, corresponding to carbon emissions and construction costs.

[0041] The calculation process is as follows: (1) Initialize the population and randomly generate N structural design schemes. , ,..., Each scheme includes parameters such as cross-sectional dimensions, reinforcement ratio, and material type.

[0042] (2) Calculate the objective function and calculate the implicit carbon emissions for each scheme according to steps S1 to S4. ( ) and construction cost Individuals that do not meet the structural safety conditions are screened out according to the constraints of equation (6).

[0043] (3) Non-dominated sorting: According to equation (7), all calculation schemes are compared and divided into multiple non-dominated levels, namely Pareto levels. The first level is the optimal scheme group, and the schemes in it are not mutually dominant.

[0044] (4) Congestion calculation: Use formula (8) to calculate the congestion distance of each scheme, and prioritize the scheme with high non-dominated level and high congestion for the next generation.

[0045] (5) Genetic operations and elite retention strategy: In accordance with the traditional genetic algorithm, tournament selection is adopted to simulate binary crossover and polynomial mutation to generate a new generation of candidate structure schemes. The parent generation and the offspring generation are merged and non-dominated sorting is performed again to retain the best N schemes.

[0046] (6) Termination and output: When the maximum number of iterations is reached or the result converges, the final Pareto front, i.e. the sum of the optimal solutions, is output, including different low-carbon-cost compromise combinations.

[0047] The following example, a five-story reinforced concrete frame office building, further illustrates the implementation of the method. Built in 2005 with an original design life of 50 years, the building has been in service for 18 years, and the target remaining service life after renovation is greater than 30 years. Due to functional adjustments, it is proposed to convert it from a general office building to a public service building, while meeting current seismic design requirements and minimizing resource consumption and carbon emissions from demolition and reconstruction. Preliminary inspections show that the main structure of the building is in good overall condition with no obvious structural damage, but some beams and columns have insufficient load-bearing capacity and weak seismic performance at joints. If the traditional method of complete demolition and reconstruction is adopted, it will generate a large amount of construction waste and high implicit carbon emissions, which is inconsistent with current green and low-carbon development goals.

[0048] S1. Establishment of digital model of existing building structure and assessment of residual performance.

[0049] Through on-site surveying, structural testing, and verification of the original design drawings, a BIM digital model of the existing office building structure was established. This model includes the geometric dimensions, material types, and reinforcement details of each component; the actual damage status of components such as beam-column joints; and information related to current service loads. Based on this, and combined with the material testing results, the performance of the concrete and steel reinforcement materials in the existing building structure was corrected. A corresponding structural analysis model was established in finite element analysis software. Through static analysis and seismic action analysis, the internal force requirements and deformation responses of each component under current code conditions were calculated. Based on the calculation results, the remaining load-bearing capacity and remaining service life of each major component were further evaluated and quantified into the remaining performance coefficient of the component. The evaluation results show that the original remaining volume of cast-in-place concrete is approximately 3600 cubic meters, and the original remaining volume of steel reinforcement is approximately 420 tons.

[0050] S2. Identification of structural weak points and determination of modification methods.

[0051] Based on the finite element analysis results, the system classifies and identifies components: when the internal force ratio or deformation ratio of a component exceeds a preset threshold, it is marked as a structurally weak component; when the residual performance coefficient of a component is lower than a set lower limit, it is marked as a component requiring key intervention. In this embodiment, approximately 72% of the beams, slabs, and upper column components still meet the current code's bearing capacity requirements and can be directly reused; approximately 28% of the components, mainly the bottom-floor columns and joint components, have insufficient seismic performance and require reinforcement or replacement measures.

[0052] S3. Automatic generation of structural reuse and green transformation schemes.

[0053] After identifying weak points, the system uses a pre-defined library of modification strategies, including: local reinforcement strategies, detachable component strategies, and recycled material replacement strategies (such as replacing local components with recycled aggregate concrete). Specifically, local reinforcement strategies include encasing column sections in concrete and reinforcing joints with steel sleeves; detachable component strategies include prefabricated steel support modules and detachable connection nodes; and recycled material replacement strategies include replacing local components with recycled aggregate concrete.

[0054] The system automatically generates solutions according to the following logic: for weak components, measures that meet the load-bearing capacity and seismic resistance requirements are selected first from the reinforcement strategy library; for non-critical components, detachable components or recycled material alternatives are preferred. This embodiment automatically generated several candidate solutions: Solution A focuses on local reinforcement to preserve the original structure to the greatest extent possible; Solution B combines local reinforcement with detachable steel support modules; Solution C increases the proportion of recycled building materials while meeting safety requirements. The following only illustrates the final preferred solution.

[0055] The preferred renovation measure B is to partially reinforce 18 bottom columns with concrete and steel bars, reinforce the joints with detachable steel sleeve modules, and use recycled aggregate concrete for some non-critical components.

[0056] According to the statistics of newly added materials, the newly added usage of ordinary concrete was 240 cubic meters, the newly added usage of recycled aggregate concrete was 180 cubic meters, and the newly added usage of steel was 62 tons, including modular components.

[0057] S4. Multi-objective optimization and solution selection.

[0058] The candidate solutions are input into a multi-objective optimization module. With structural safety as a constraint, the following indicators are used as optimization objectives: minimizing carbon emissions from building renovation, ensuring reasonable renovation costs, and maintaining a remaining structural service life no less than the preset limit. A multi-objective optimization algorithm is employed to comprehensively evaluate each solution, forming a Pareto optimal solution set. In this embodiment, solution B is the optimal solution.

[0059] S5. Implementation Results.

[0060] The total carbon emissions from traditional demolition and reconstruction are 2145 tons of CO2, while Option B's total carbon emissions are 267 tons of CO2, resulting in a carbon reduction of approximately 1878 tons of CO2, representing a carbon reduction rate of approximately 87%. In summary, this method incorporates the structural reuse logic in reconstruction into the structural design optimization process. By introducing structural reuse as part of the optimization variables, it avoids large-scale demolition and construction from the source. By introducing the constraints of remaining life, safety requirements, and carbon reduction targets, the generated schemes not only meet current regulatory requirements but also ensure safety throughout the remaining lifespan, improving the economic and environmental benefits of reconstruction engineering design and providing strong support for the engineering construction field. It also supports the design of detachable components and the substitution of recycled building materials (such as the selection and layout optimization of detachable components, the optimization of the substitution ratio of recycled aggregate concrete and recycled steel, and the carbon emission conversion model of component recycling), constructing a systematic material recycling system for reconstruction.

[0061] Example 2 Based on Example 1, this example provides a building design system based on structural reuse and retrofitting, and synergistic optimization of safety and carbon reduction, to implement the aforementioned building design method. See [link to example]. Figure 2 The system includes: (1) Carbon emission factor database module, used to store unit carbon emission factors containing at least a variety of building materials, common energy sources and recycled materials.

[0062] (2) Existing building structure model input and evaluation module, used to input the digital model of the existing building structure, obtain its geometric parameters, material properties and load condition information, and evaluate the remaining service life of the existing building structure.

[0063] (3) The renovation scheme generation module has a built-in structural component renovation design strategy library. It is used to automatically generate multiple candidate design schemes that meet the structural reuse and renovation strategy by using combination and search algorithms based on the parameters obtained by the existing building structure model input and evaluation module and the remaining service life evaluated.

[0064] (4) Carbon emission calculation module, which is connected to the carbon emission factor database module and the modification scheme generation module, is used to calculate the implicit carbon emission of each candidate design scheme.

[0065] (5) Multi-objective optimization module, which is used to optimize each candidate design scheme with structural safety compliance requirements as constraints and the goal of minimizing carbon emissions and construction costs, and to obtain and output the Pareto optimal building design scheme.

[0066] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A building design method based on the synergistic optimization of structural reuse and retrofitting with safety and carbon reduction, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Establish a carbon emission factor database, including unit carbon emission factors for building materials, energy, and recycled materials; S2. Obtain a digital model of the existing building structure, extract geometric parameters, material properties and load condition information, and assess the remaining service life of the existing building structure. S3. Establish a structural component modification design strategy library. Based on the geometric parameters obtained in S2 and the estimated remaining service life, generate multiple candidate design schemes that meet the structural reuse and modification strategies through combination and search. S4. Using the carbon emission factor database established in S1, calculate the implicit carbon emissions for each candidate design scheme generated in S3 to obtain the carbon emission evaluation value of each scheme. S5. With structural safety compliance requirements as constraints and minimizing carbon emissions and construction costs as objectives, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to optimize each candidate design scheme in step S4, and the Pareto optimal architectural design scheme is obtained and output.

2. The building design method based on structural reuse and retrofitting and synergistic optimization of safety and carbon reduction according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the carbon emission factor database includes: unit carbon emission factor of main building structure materials, unit energy consumption carbon emission factor, unit carbon emission factor of recycled building materials, and carbon emission savings from the recycling and reuse of building components. The implicit carbon emission calculation covers carbon emissions during the raw material production, transportation and construction stages.

3. The building design method based on structural reuse and retrofitting and synergistic optimization of safety and carbon reduction according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the digital model of the existing building structure is represented by a building information model or a structural analysis model, including information on the component dimensions, material usage, and reinforcement details of the original structure. The process of assessing the remaining useful life includes the following steps: By combining on-site testing or monitoring data and utilizing structural reliability theory, the remaining lifespan of existing building structures under expected service environments and load conditions is predicted, and the assessment results are used as input constraints for subsequent designs.

4. The building design method based on structural reuse and retrofitting and synergistic optimization of safety and carbon reduction according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2, the digital model of the existing building structure is obtained based on on-site surveying or BIM modeling technology; The candidate design schemes generated in S3 include the selection and layout optimization of detachable components and recycled building materials. The detachable components include detachable steel structures and modular prefabricated components, and the recycled building materials include recycled aggregate concrete and recycled steel.

5. The building design method based on structural reuse and retrofitting and synergistic optimization of safety and carbon reduction according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the structural component modification design strategy library predefines measure rules, which include cross-section enlargement, local stiffening, insertion of prefabricated modules, and replacement with high-performance recycled materials; During the combination and search process, a set of modification schemes including multiple measures is generated based on the functions and compatibility of different measures. Structural mechanics analysis and verification are performed on each candidate scheme, and schemes that meet the specifications are preliminarily screened.

6. The building design method based on structural reuse and retrofitting and synergistic optimization of safety and carbon reduction according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the total implicit carbon emissions are calculated using the emission factor method, and the calculation formula is as follows: in, Total carbon emissions; The energy consumption j in the production process of a unit of building materials; For the carbon emission factor of energy type j; The carbon emissions contained in the raw materials themselves; Let i be the consumption amount of the i-th raw material; Let be the carbon emission factor of the i-th raw material; Carbon emissions resulting from the transportation of raw materials; The carbon emission factor of the fuel consumed when transporting the i-th raw material; This represents the fuel consumption when transporting the i-th type of raw material; Let be the transportation distance when transporting the i-th type of raw material; Carbon emissions generated during the production process; The energy consumption j in the production process of a unit of building materials; is the carbon emission factor for energy type j.

7. The building design method based on structural reuse and retrofitting and synergistic optimization of safety and carbon reduction according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, the multi-objective optimization algorithm is a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, and the constraint conditions also include the remaining service life or reliability index of the structure evaluated in S2, so as to ensure that the optimized scheme meets the safety requirements within the remaining service life.

8. The building design method based on structural reuse and retrofitting and synergistic optimization of safety and carbon reduction according to claim 7, characterized in that, The computation process of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm includes the following steps: Initialize the population and randomly generate multiple structural design schemes with component cross-sectional dimensions, material type, and reinforcement ratio as design variables; The implicit carbon emissions and construction cost of each structural design scheme are calculated as two objective function values, and feasible schemes are selected based on structural safety constraints including bearing capacity, stiffness and inter-story drift ratio. All feasible options are non-dominated and sorted, Pareto levels are defined, and the congestion distance of each option is calculated. Iterative optimization is performed using genetic operations and an elite preservation strategy until the termination condition is met; The final Pareto front is output, yielding a set of mutually independent optimal design schemes.

9. A building design method based on structural reuse and retrofitting and synergistic optimization of safety and carbon reduction according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the process of generating the candidate design scheme includes the following steps: Use structural analysis software to mark and classify weak components in existing building structures; Based on the attributes of each component, the most suitable reinforcement or replacement measure is automatically matched from the strategy library, wherein the attributes include component category, stress type and residual life; By employing combination and search algorithms, reinforcement or replacement measures for different components are combined in terms of function and compatibility to form a variety of structural reuse and renovation schemes.

10. A building design system based on the synergistic optimization of structural reuse and retrofitting, and safety and carbon reduction, characterized in that, For implementing the architectural design method as described in any one of claims 1-9, the system comprises: The carbon emission factor database module is used to store unit carbon emission factors that include at least a variety of building materials, common energy sources, and recycled materials. The existing building structure model input and evaluation module is used to input the digital model of the existing building structure, obtain its geometric parameters, material properties and load condition information, and evaluate the remaining service life of the existing building structure. The renovation scheme generation module has a built-in structural component renovation design strategy library. It is used to automatically generate multiple candidate design schemes that meet the structural reuse and renovation strategies based on the parameters obtained by the input and evaluation module of the existing building structure model and the evaluated remaining service life, using combination and search algorithms. A carbon emission calculation module, connected to the carbon emission factor database module and the retrofit scheme generation module, is used to calculate the implicit carbon emissions of each candidate design scheme. The multi-objective optimization module is used to optimize each candidate design scheme with structural safety compliance requirements as constraints and the goals of minimizing carbon emissions and construction costs as objectives, using a multi-objective optimization algorithm to obtain and output the Pareto optimal building design scheme.

Images