A cookie production line layout method based on a switchable angle turning conveyor

Abstract

The present application relates to a biscuit production line layout method of switchable angle turning conveyor, and belongs to the technical field of food machinery. The method comprises: obtaining a production line layout basic parameter, generating a standardized layout parameter vector through normalization processing, calculating a linear layout margin and generating a layout trigger information; performing spatial constraint analysis on the workshop corner area, extracting layout boundary features, combining a preset angle gear range to perform joint adaptation operation of turning angle and transition section, and generating a spatial layout parameter; completing the layout of the turning conveyor, constructing a conveyor connection link and setting a buffer structure, calculating buffer accommodation parameters, and forming a production line layout scheme; real-time monitoring of operating conditions, generating angle switching control instructions, executing angle switching and synchronously controlling front and rear equipment speed, feeding switching parameters to spatial layout parameters, and realizing closed-loop dynamic adaptive optimization. The biscuit production line based on the switchable angle turning conveyor is realized quickly, flexibly and adaptively.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of food machinery technology, specifically relating to a layout method for a biscuit production line based on a switchable angle turning conveyor. Background Technology

[0002] A biscuit production line typically includes continuous processes such as dough forming, baking, cooling, and packaging. The equipment for each process is arranged in a straight line, and materials are conveyed sequentially from the front end to the back end. When the workshop length is insufficient to accommodate a linear production line, a turning conveyor needs to be introduced at an appropriate location to change the direction of material conveying in order to make full use of the workshop space.

[0003] Existing turning conveyors are mostly fixed-angle, providing only a single turning capability. In actual production, the clearance dimensions and obstacle distribution in corner areas vary across different workshops. Fixed-angle turning conveyors often cannot adapt to specific scenarios, leading to installation difficulties or inefficient material transport. Furthermore, current production line layout methods rely heavily on engineers' experience, manually selecting and positioning conveyors based on workshop dimensions, lacking a systematic and quantitative decision-making process. Each time the production line is adjusted, it requires re-measuring, drawing, selecting, and positioning, which is time-consuming and makes it difficult to guarantee the optimal layout.

[0004] On the other hand, during production line operation, the conveying speeds of upstream and downstream equipment may fluctuate due to factors such as product switching and equipment start-up and shutdown. Traditional layouts are static; once installed, the angle of the turning conveyor remains fixed and cannot be adjusted according to real-time operating conditions. When upstream and downstream speeds are mismatched, materials may accumulate or flow interrupted at the turning section, affecting production continuity and product quality. While some speed matching control methods exist in existing technologies, they are not yet linked to the angle switching mechanism of the turning conveyor, lacking a complete closed loop from layout selection to adaptive operation.

[0005] Furthermore, the configuration parameters of the buffer structure (such as the length of the accumulation area and the speed compensation coefficient of the release area) are usually set based on experience, without establishing a quantitative correlation with the upstream and downstream speed ratio and material characteristics (such as the brittleness coefficient), resulting in unstable buffering effects. When product types are switched, the statically configured buffer parameters often cannot adapt to the new material characteristics, which can easily lead to material breakage or conveying jams.

[0006] Therefore, how to achieve quantitative selection and dynamic angle switching of turning conveyors, how to link buffer parameters with operating status for calculation, and how to establish a closed-loop feedback mechanism from layout design to operation optimization are technical problems that need to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology, this invention provides a layout method for a biscuit production line based on a switchable angle turning conveyor. The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solution: S1: Obtain the basic parameters of the biscuit production line layout, normalize the basic parameters of the production line layout to form a standardized layout parameter vector, calculate the straight layout margin in the straight direction of the workshop based on the standardized layout parameter vector, and generate the layout trigger information of the turning conveyor. S2: Based on the layout triggering information, perform spatial constraint analysis on the corner area of ​​the workshop, extract the layout boundary features of the area, combine the preset angle range of the switchable angle turning conveyor, perform joint adaptation calculation of the conveying turning angle and the connecting transition section, and generate the spatial layout parameters of the turning conveyor. S3: Based on the spatial layout parameters, the layout of the turning conveyor is carried out, the conveying connection link between adjacent equipment sections at the front and rear ends of the process is constructed, a buffer structure is set in the adjacent equipment sections at the front and rear ends of the turning conveyor, the adaptation and accommodation parameters of the buffer structure are calculated, and a production line layout scheme is formed. S4: Monitor the operating conditions of the turning conveyor in real time, generate angle switching control commands based on the monitoring results, execute the turning angle switching operation and synchronously control the operating speed of adjacent equipment sections at the front and rear ends, and feed back the switched angle and speed parameters to the spatial layout parameters to perform closed-loop dynamic adaptation optimization of the production line layout.

[0008] Specifically, the normalization process includes: Obtain the numerical distribution range of each dimension in the basic parameter vector of the production line layout, and perform value range scaling processing on the original values ​​of each dimension based on the numerical distribution range to generate the normalized components corresponding to each dimension. According to the original dimensional order of the production line layout basic parameter vector, the normalized components corresponding to each dimension are fused to form a standardized layout parameter vector. The standardized layout parameter vector is labeled with its original dimensional identifiers, and the labeled standardized layout parameter vector is output.

[0009] Specifically, the generation of layout triggering information for the turning conveyor includes: The available length data in the straight line direction of the workshop is calculated from the standardized layout parameter vector. The total length of the layout is calculated by using the length parameters of each functional section of the equipment to obtain the total length data required for the straight line layout of the equipment section. Calculate the difference between the arrangeable length data and the total length data required for the straight layout of the equipment section, and perform spatial redundancy correction and working condition adaptation calibration on the difference to form a straight layout margin. By constraining the straight layout margin using the production line layout safety boundary, layout trigger information for the turning conveyor is generated.

[0010] Specifically, the spatial constraint analysis of the corner area of ​​the workshop includes: Based on the layout triggering information, the target corner area is located, and boundary and obstacle distribution data within the target corner area are collected. The baseline of the collected data is unified through spatial coordinate mapping. The collected data is subjected to spatial constraint classification and interference element filtering to generate core layout constraints within the region. Based on the core layout constraints, the safe layout range of the switchable angle turning conveyor is defined, the layout boundary features of the corresponding area are extracted from the safe range, and the layout boundary features are output.

[0011] Specifically, the joint adaptation operation includes: Based on the layout boundary features, the preset angle range of the switchable angle turning conveyor is matched, and the angle ranges that meet the spatial constraints are selected as candidates to generate a set of candidate angle ranges. For each steering angle in the candidate angle gear set, perform transition segment parameter analysis and spatial interference verification to form a corresponding candidate parameter combination; A joint fit evaluation is performed on the candidate parameter combinations. Based on the evaluation results, parameter combinations that meet the fit standards are selected from the candidate parameter combinations, and the conveying steering angle and the length of the transition section corresponding to the parameter combinations are output.

[0012] Specifically, the joint fitness assessment includes: Extract the steering angle and transition segment length from the candidate parameter combination, obtain the exit speed of the front-end adjacent device segment and the inlet speed of the back-end adjacent device segment in the current scenario, and calculate the speed difference factor. The transition section length is adapted and corrected according to the speed difference factor, and a spatial adaptation coefficient is generated based on the degree of matching between the steering angle and the layout boundary features. The adapted transition length and spatial adaptation coefficient are weighted and fused to generate a comprehensive adaptation score for each candidate parameter combination. The candidate parameter combinations are then sorted according to the comprehensive adaptation score to generate a joint adaptation evaluation result.

[0013] Specifically, the conveying connection link between adjacent equipment sections at the front and rear ends of the construction process includes: Based on the spatial layout parameters, the layout and positioning of the switchable angle turning conveyor are carried out, and the docking reference of the front and rear adjacent equipment sections is calibrated in combination with the preset angle range of the switchable angle turning conveyor. The switchable angle turning conveyor is aligned with the front and rear adjacent equipment sections and the path is connected to the corresponding preset angle level. The connection section is smoothly adapted by controlling the conveying gap and drop, and the conveying rhythm of the front and rear processes is linked and adapted. The continuity of the conveying path after the connection is verified and the stability of the material flow is checked at all preset angle levels. Adaptation parameters for the connecting link are generated to form a stable process conveying connection link.

[0014] Specifically, the adaptation and accommodating parameters of the computation cache structure include: Collect the outlet speed of the adjacent front-end equipment section and the inlet speed of the adjacent rear-end equipment section, extract the corresponding material arrival cycle and material consumption cycle, and establish the conveying coordination relationship between the adjacent front-end and rear-end equipment sections through rate matching analysis; Based on the aforementioned transport coordination relationship, the length of the dynamic accumulation area of ​​the buffer structure and the material residence time are adapted and calculated to generate the basic operating parameters of the buffer structure; The basic operating parameters are adjusted for working conditions, and the length of the accumulation area is corrected by combining the preset biscuit material brittleness coefficient and conveying angle to generate the appropriate capacity parameters for the buffer structure.

[0015] Specifically, the generation of angle switching control commands includes: Real-time data collection of material coverage density parameters and real-time speed parameters on the conveyor belt of the switchable angle turning conveyor, and simultaneous collection of current angle gear information; The material coverage density parameter is compared with a preset density threshold to generate a density deviation status signal; the real-time speed parameter of the conveyor belt is compared with the rated speed corresponding to the current angle gear to generate a speed deviation status signal. The dynamic weight allocation table is invoked, and the corresponding density weight coefficient and speed weight coefficient are read from the table according to the current production line conditions. The density deviation state signal and speed deviation state signal are weighted and fused, and the angle switching control command adapted to the current conditions is output.

[0016] Specifically, the process of generating the dynamic weight allocation table includes: Obtain historical operating data of the production line, extract multiple sets of operating condition deviation samples, match the corresponding operating condition association labels, and integrate them to construct a training sample set; The training sample set is weighted using the gradient descent algorithm to form an appropriate weight ratio for density deviation and speed deviation under different production line operating conditions, and an operating condition-weight mapping table is generated. Based on the angle switching control results, the weight parameters in the corresponding interval of the working condition-weight mapping table are incrementally corrected to generate a dynamic weight allocation table.

[0017] Specifically, the operation of switching the steering angle includes: Upon receiving the angle switching control command, the angle-speed coordinated switching mechanism is activated to obtain the real-time turning angle of the currently switchable angle turning conveyor, as well as the accumulation status data of the corresponding buffer structures of the front and rear adjacent equipment sections; An angle transition curve is generated based on the deviation between the target steering angle and the real-time steering angle. Combined with the accumulation state of the cache structure, the volume pre-adjustment amount of the cache structure is calculated, and the cache structure is controlled to perform volume pre-adjustment. The steering angle switching action is executed according to the angle transition curve, and the conveying speed adjustment command of the front and rear adjacent equipment sections is generated based on the volume pre-adjustment amount, forming a coordinated operation state in the angle switching stage.

[0018] Specifically, the angle-velocity coordinated switching mechanism includes: Establish the speed range association conditions for each angle setting corresponding to the adjacent equipment sections at the front and rear ends, and construct the linkage constraint relationship for multi-condition adaptation based on the speed range association conditions; Based on the real-time switching progress of the angle transition curve, the corresponding speed adjustment command is matched from the linkage constraint relationship to synchronously correct and regulate the real-time operating rate of adjacent front and rear equipment segments. After the angle switching is completed, the steady-state data of the material accumulation in the buffer structure is collected. The steady-state data is compared with the preset ideal accumulation state for error calculation. The speed range boundary parameters of the linkage constraint relationship are adjusted based on the calculation results.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) This invention obtains and normalizes the basic parameters of the production line layout, quantitatively calculates the straight layout margin in the straight direction of the workshop, and automatically generates layout trigger information for the turning conveyor based on the margin, thus realizing the quantitative judgment and automatic triggering of layout requirements. On this basis, spatial constraint analysis is performed on the corner area of ​​the workshop, layout boundary features are extracted, and the joint adaptation calculation of the conveyor turning angle and the connecting transition section is performed in combination with the preset angle range to output spatial layout parameters. This scheme transforms the traditional turning machine selection and positioning process that relies on manual experience into a data-driven quantitative decision-making process, avoiding manual measurement errors and experience biases, and improving layout efficiency and space utilization. At the same time, through the joint adaptation of the connecting transition section, the smooth connection between the turning conveyor and the front and rear end equipment is ensured, laying the foundation for smooth material transportation.

[0020] (2) This invention monitors the material coverage density and conveyor belt speed of the turning conveyor in real time during production line operation, calls the dynamic weight allocation table to generate angle switching control commands, and initiates the angle-speed coordinated switching mechanism. While executing the turning angle switching, the operating speed of the front and rear equipment sections is adjusted in real time according to the target angle level, and the switched parameters are fed back to update the spatial layout parameters, forming a closed-loop dynamic adaptation. This scheme enables the turning conveyor to adaptively switch angles according to actual working conditions and synchronously match the upstream and downstream speeds, avoiding material accumulation or flow interruption. Through parameter calculation of the dynamic weight allocation table and buffer structure, the system can adapt to different product formulas and process requirements, realizing the flexibility and intelligence of production line layout, and improving production continuity and product quality. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a biscuit production line layout method based on a switchable angle turning conveyor according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is an architectural diagram of a biscuit production line layout method based on a switchable angle turning conveyor, as described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided.

[0024] Please see Figure 1-2 A biscuit production line layout method based on a switchable angle turning conveyor, comprising: S1: Obtain the basic parameters of the biscuit production line layout, normalize the basic parameters of the production line layout to form a standardized layout parameter vector, calculate the straight layout margin in the straight direction of the workshop based on the standardized layout parameter vector, and generate the layout trigger information of the turning conveyor. S2: Based on the layout triggering information, perform spatial constraint analysis on the corner area of ​​the workshop, extract the layout boundary features of the area, combine the preset angle range of the switchable angle turning conveyor, perform joint adaptation calculation of the conveying turning angle and the connecting transition section, and generate the spatial layout parameters of the turning conveyor. S3: Based on the spatial layout parameters, the layout of the turning conveyor is carried out, the conveying connection link between adjacent equipment sections at the front and rear ends of the process is constructed, a buffer structure is set in the adjacent equipment sections at the front and rear ends of the turning conveyor, the adaptation and accommodation parameters of the buffer structure are calculated, and a production line layout scheme is formed. S4: Monitor the operating conditions of the turning conveyor in real time, generate angle switching control commands based on the monitoring results, execute the turning angle switching operation and synchronously control the operating speed of adjacent equipment sections at the front and rear ends, and feed back the switched angle and speed parameters to the spatial layout parameters to perform closed-loop dynamic adaptation optimization of the production line layout.

[0025] Specifically, the normalization process includes: Obtain the numerical distribution range of each dimension in the basic parameter vector of the production line layout, and perform value range scaling processing on the original values ​​of each dimension based on the numerical distribution range to generate the normalized components corresponding to each dimension. According to the original dimensional order of the production line layout basic parameter vector, the normalized components corresponding to each dimension are fused to form a standardized layout parameter vector. The standardized layout parameter vector is labeled with its original dimensional identifiers, and the labeled standardized layout parameter vector is output.

[0026] Specifically, the generation of layout triggering information for the turning conveyor includes: The available length data in the straight line direction of the workshop is calculated from the standardized layout parameter vector. The total length of the layout is calculated by using the length parameters of each functional section equipment. The total length data required for the straight line layout of the equipment section is obtained. The available length data and the total length data required for the straight line layout of the equipment section are subjected to unit unification and dimension alignment. Calculate the difference between the arrangeable length data and the total length data required for the straight layout of the equipment section, and perform spatial redundancy correction and working condition adaptation calibration on the difference to form a straight layout margin. The straight layout margin is constrained by the production line layout safety boundary, and the layout trigger information of the turning conveyor is encapsulated based on the constrained straight layout margin.

[0027] Example 1: This example uses a biscuit production line in a food factory as a scenario. The production line contains multiple functional sections, and the available space in the workshop is a rectangular area. It is necessary to assess whether a switchable-angle turning conveyor needs to be introduced, and determine its specifications and model if it is confirmed that it is needed.

[0028] I. Collection and Normalization of Basic Parameters for Production Line Layout Obtain the basic parameter vector for the production line layout, which includes the arrangeable length parameter L in the straight line direction of the workshop. avail (Values ​​are determined based on workshop design drawings), and the length parameters of each functional section of equipment: forming section length L f Baking section length L b Cooling section length L c Packaging section length L pAnd the total clearance between equipment, G. The total length required for a straight arrangement of equipment sections, Lreq = L f +L b +L c +L p +G.

[0029] The original vector is normalized. First, the numerical distribution range of each dimension parameter is obtained: for example, the preset range of values ​​for the workshop layout length is... This range is set based on statistical data of the span of common food factory workshops, with the lower limit corresponding to the minimum feasible workshop length and the upper limit corresponding to the maximum feasible workshop length. The value ranges for the length and clearance of equipment in each functional section are preset based on the specification manuals of similar equipment and production line design specifications.

[0030] Based on the value range of each dimension, a range scaling process is performed on each original value: For any dimension parameter x, its normalized component is: , where x min and x max These are the minimum and maximum values ​​for that dimension, respectively. Normalized components for each dimension are then generated in this way.

[0031] Following the original dimensional order, the normalized components are fused into vectors to form a standardized layout parameter vector V. std Subsequently, V was defined using the original dimensional identifier. std Each dimension is labeled: the original physical unit (such as "meter") and its original value range information are attached to each dimension to form a list of dimensional metadata. The labeled normalized layout parameter vector is output.

[0032] II. Generation of Layout Trigger Information and Selection of Turning Conveyor From the standardized layout parameter vector V std Mid-to-reverse calculation of the workpiece's linear arrangement length data L avail Through the inverse normalization operation, that is: ,in For L avail The corresponding normalized components. Simultaneously, by calculating the total length of the equipment layout using the length parameters of each functional segment, the total length L required for the straight-line layout of the equipment segments is obtained. req For L avail With L req Execution of unified units and alignment of dimensions.

[0033] Calculate the difference Δ=L avail -L reqSpatial redundancy correction is performed on the difference: a redundancy coefficient δ is set (preset based on the factory workshop construction accuracy requirements and equipment installation reserve experience value, for example, δ=0.02), and the corrected difference Δ′=Δ-(L avail ×δ). Next, perform working condition adaptation calibration: based on the current production cycle requirements and material characteristics, increase the working condition calibration offset ε (based on the historical production data statistics of this product, take the extra buffer length that needs to be reserved when the cycle is tight, for example, ε=0.5 meters), to obtain the straight layout margin R=Δ′-ε.

[0034] Based on the production line layout safety boundary, constraints are applied to R: the preset safety boundary threshold is R. th (From factory safety production regulations), if R <R th If so, it is determined that a turning conveyor needs to be introduced. Based on the straight layout margin after constraint limitation, R, the trigger determination result, and the clear size of the workshop corner area (width W) are considered. corner Height H corner Parameters such as ) are encapsulated as layout trigger information.

[0035] Based on the workshop corner clearance dimensions in the layout trigger information, a suitable switchable angle turning conveyor model is selected. In this embodiment, the clearance width of the workshop corner area is greater than a preset width threshold W. th (This threshold is set based on the minimum passage requirements of the turning conveyor), and the required material conveying capacity is moderate; therefore, model 600 turning conveyor is selected. The specifications of this model are: power supply voltage U=380V, power P=3P, weight M=420kg, and overall dimensions (length × width × height) 4200×2100×800mm. This model offers two switchable angle settings: 90 degrees and 180 degrees, with a minimum turning radius r. min The preset values ​​(calibrated according to the equipment manual) meet the corner space constraints of the workshop. After selection, the model identifier and specifications are added to the layout trigger information and output to subsequent steps.

[0036] This embodiment realizes a complete data-driven process from raw parameters to normalization processing, layout trigger information generation, and selection of specific models of turning conveyors.

[0037] Specifically, the spatial constraint analysis of the corner area of ​​the workshop includes: Based on the layout triggering information, the target corner area is located, and the boundary and obstacle distribution data within the target corner area are obtained. The baseline of the collected data is unified through spatial coordinate mapping. Spatial constraint classification and interference element filtering are performed on the collected boundary contour point set and obstacle distribution data to remove outlier noise points and generate core layout constraints that affect the layout of the switchable angle turning conveyor within the region. Based on the core layout constraints, the safe layout range of the turning conveyor is defined, the layout boundary features of the corresponding area are extracted from the safe range, and the layout boundary features are output for subsequent angle gear adaptation.

[0038] Specifically, the joint adaptation calculation of the conveyor steering angle and the transition section includes: Based on the layout boundary features, a preset angle range of the switchable angle turning conveyor is matched, and the angle ranges that meet the spatial constraints are selected as candidates to generate a set of candidate angle ranges. For each steering angle in the candidate angle gear set, perform transition segment parameter analysis and spatial interference verification, and form the corresponding candidate parameter combination through transition segment length calculation and spatial interference verification; A joint fit evaluation is performed on the candidate parameter combinations. Based on the evaluation results, parameter combinations that meet the fit standards are selected from the candidate parameter combinations, and the conveying steering angle and the length of the transition section corresponding to the parameter combinations are output.

[0039] Specifically, the joint fitness assessment includes: Extract the steering angle and transition segment length from the candidate parameter combination, obtain the exit speed of the front-end adjacent device segment and the inlet speed of the back-end adjacent device segment in the current scenario, and calculate the speed difference factor. The transition section length is adapted and corrected according to the speed difference factor, and a spatial adaptation coefficient is generated based on the degree of matching between the steering angle and the layout boundary features. The length of the adapted transition segment and the spatial adaptation coefficient are weighted and fused to generate a comprehensive adaptation score for each candidate parameter combination. The candidate parameter combinations are then sorted according to the comprehensive adaptation score to generate a complete result of the joint adaptation evaluation.

[0040] Example 2 follows from Example 1. A Model 600 switchable angle turning conveyor has been introduced. This equipment has two preset switchable angle settings: 90° and 180°, and has a minimum turning radius requirement. The clearance width, clearance height, and obstacle distribution data for the workshop corner area have been obtained from the layout trigger information.

[0041] I. Spatial Constraint Analysis of Workshop Corner Area Based on the layout trigger information, the target corner area where the turning conveyor needs to be deployed is located. A 3D laser scanner is used to collect the boundary contour point set and obstacle distribution point cloud within this area. To unify the data benchmark, the coordinates of all collected points are transformed to the same world coordinate system, that is, rotation and translation transformations are applied to each scan point to eliminate deviations caused by differences in equipment installation positions.

[0042] The transformed boundary contour point set is classified according to its plane (ground, wall, top), and the physical boundary corresponding to each point is marked (e.g., wall edge, column edge). The obstacle distribution point cloud is filtered: first, isolated outlier noise points are removed; then, irrelevant obstacles whose height is lower than the installation reference plane of the turning conveyor or far from the material passage area are removed, while obstacles that directly interfere with the conveyor layout (e.g., columns, fire hydrants) are retained. Based on the filtered point cloud, the available bottom clearance width (i.e., total corner width minus obstacle width) and available clearance height (i.e., total corner height minus the height of the highest obstacle) are calculated, and a polygon of the prohibited placement area is generated (obtained by extending the obstacle's bottom contour outward by a safe distance).

[0043] Based on the aforementioned core constraints, the safe layout range of the turning conveyor is defined, which is the maximum space area allowed to be occupied by the conveyor body and transition section. Layout boundary features are extracted from this safe range, including: the upper limit of the maximum allowable turning radius, the achievable angle range of the transition section's extension direction, etc. The layout boundary features are output for subsequent angle setting adaptation.

[0044] II. Joint Adaptation Calculation of Steering Angle and Transition Segment Based on the layout boundary characteristics, and referring to the preset angle settings (90° and 180°) of the Model 600 turning conveyor, check whether the minimum turning radius of each angle setting meets the layout safety range requirements. Simultaneously, confirm whether the inlet and outlet orientations are compatible with the reachable angle range of the corner area. The angle settings that pass the check are then compiled into a candidate set.

[0045] For each turning angle in the candidate set, parameter analysis and spatial interference verification of the transition section are performed. Specifically, the exit height of the front-end equipment section and the inlet height of the rear-end equipment section are obtained, and the vertical drop between the inlet and outlet sides is calculated in conjunction with the height of the conveyor itself. Based on the vertical drop and the horizontal offset of the corner area, and referring to the recommended transition section slope range (usually no more than 15°) in the standard conveyor design manual, the shortest inlet and outlet transition section lengths that meet the slope requirements are calculated. Next, a transition section entity is generated in the 3D digital model with the calculated lengths, and interference detection is performed with the workshop obstacle point cloud. If there is no contact, it is considered passed; otherwise, it is marked as interference. The parameter combinations without interference (turning angle, inlet transition section length, outlet transition section length) are stored in the candidate parameter combination set.

[0046] III. Joint Fit Assessment For each candidate parameter combination, extract the steering angle, inlet transition section length, and outlet transition section length (the sum of these two is the total transition section length). Obtain the outlet speed of the adjacent front-end equipment section and the inlet speed of the adjacent rear-end equipment section in the current production scenario, and calculate the speed difference factor between the two (i.e., the ratio of the speed difference to the larger speed). This factor reflects the degree of mismatch between the front-end and rear-end conveying speeds.

[0047] If the speed difference factor is large (e.g., exceeding 0.1), it indicates that the transition section length needs to be increased to provide more buffer space, therefore the total transition section length is positively corrected; if the speed difference factor is small, the transition section can be appropriately shortened. The correction coefficient is proportional to the speed difference factor, and the specific coefficient value is preset based on equipment debugging experience.

[0048] Simultaneously, a space adaptation coefficient is calculated based on the degree of matching between the steering angle and the layout boundary characteristics. Specifically, the efficiency of the steering angle in terms of space utilization is evaluated (a larger angle usually occupies more space), as well as the proportion of the required length of the transition section to the available boundary length. The space adaptation coefficient is obtained by combining the two factors; a larger coefficient indicates more rational space utilization.

[0049] Finally, the corrected transition section length and spatial adaptation coefficient are weighted and fused to generate a comprehensive adaptation score. The weight allocation is preset based on actual engineering experience, so that combinations with shorter transition sections and better spatial adaptability score higher. After calculating the scores for all candidate parameter combinations, they are sorted from highest to lowest score, and the combination with the highest score is selected as the final adaptation parameter, outputting its corresponding steering angle and transition section length (entrance / exit). If the highest scores are the same, the one with the shorter transition section length is selected first.

[0050] Specifically, the conveying connection link between adjacent equipment sections at the front and rear ends of the construction process includes: Based on the spatial layout parameters, the layout and positioning of the turning conveyor are carried out, and the docking reference of the front and rear adjacent equipment sections is calibrated in combination with the preset angle range of the switchable angle turning conveyor. The turning conveyor is aligned with the front and rear adjacent equipment sections and the path is connected to the corresponding preset angle level. The connecting section is smoothly adapted by controlling the conveying gap and drop, and the conveying rhythm of the front and rear processes is linked and adapted. The continuity of the conveying path after the connection is verified and the stability of the material flow is checked at all preset angle levels. Adaptation parameters of the connection link that have passed the verification are generated to form a stable process conveying connection link. The front and rear adjacent equipment sections include the front adjacent equipment section and the rear adjacent equipment section of the turning conveyor.

[0051] Specifically, the adaptation and accommodating parameters of the computation cache structure include: Collect the outlet speed of the adjacent front-end equipment section and the inlet speed of the adjacent rear-end equipment section, extract the corresponding material arrival cycle and material consumption cycle, and establish the conveying coordination relationship between the adjacent front-end and rear-end equipment sections through rate matching analysis; Based on the aforementioned transport coordination relationship, the dynamic accumulation area length and material retention time of the buffer structure are adapted and calculated to generate the basic operating parameters of the buffer structure. The basic operating parameters include the effective length of the accumulation area, the speed compensation coefficient of the release area, and the material saturation threshold of the buffer section. The basic operating parameters are adjusted for working conditions, and the length of the accumulation area is corrected by combining the preset biscuit material brittleness coefficient and conveying angle to generate the appropriate capacity parameters for the buffer structure.

[0052] Example 3: The specific implementation process of calculating the adaptation and capacity parameters of the cache structure in this example: First, the exit speed of the front-end equipment section and the inlet speed of the back-end equipment section are collected in real time, and the corresponding material arrival cycle time and material consumption cycle time are extracted. By calculating the speed ratio and cycle time ratio, the coordination relationship between the front-end and back-end conveying is established. If the front-end speed or cycle time is greater than that of the back-end, it indicates that the material arrival is faster than the consumption, requiring a larger buffer space; conversely, it requires a smaller buffer space.

[0053] Based on the conveyor coordination relationship, the length of the dynamic accumulation zone and the material residence time are calculated. The length of the accumulation zone is proportional to the coordination coefficient and the length of the basic buffer unit; the residence time is proportional to the coordination coefficient and the arrival cycle time. This generates basic operating parameters, including the effective length of the accumulation zone, the speed compensation coefficient of the release zone, and the material saturation threshold of the buffer section. The speed compensation coefficient is used to adjust the speed of the conveyor belt at the buffer zone exit to match the consumption speed at the downstream end; the saturation threshold is the upper limit of the material coverage density when the buffer zone is fully loaded.

[0054] Finally, the basic parameters are adjusted for operational conditions. The length of the accumulation zone is corrected based on the preset brittleness coefficient of the biscuit material: the more fragile the material, the longer the accumulation zone is appropriately increased to reduce stacking pressure. Simultaneously, the length is further adjusted based on the conveyor tilt angle of the buffer zone: the larger the tilt angle, the shorter the length is appropriately shortened to prevent material slippage. The speed compensation coefficient of the release zone is also reduced based on the brittleness coefficient to avoid material breakage due to excessive speed. Finally, the adapted capacity parameters are generated, including the corrected accumulation zone length, the release zone speed compensation coefficient, and the material saturation threshold, and output to the control system to configure the buffer operation logic.

[0055] Specifically, the generation of angle switching control commands includes: A dynamic weighted adaptive speed-density joint sensing mechanism is activated to collect material coverage density parameters and real-time speed parameters on the conveyor belt of the turning conveyor in real time, and simultaneously collect the current angle gear information. The material coverage density parameter is compared with a preset density threshold to generate a density deviation status signal; the real-time speed parameter of the conveyor belt is compared with the rated speed corresponding to the current angle gear to generate a speed deviation status signal. The dynamic weight allocation table is invoked, and the corresponding density weight coefficient and speed weight coefficient are read from the table according to the current production line conditions (including material coverage density, conveyor belt speed, and angle setting). The density deviation status signal and the speed deviation status signal are weighted and fused, and the angle switching control command adapted to the current conditions is output.

[0056] Specifically, the process of generating the dynamic weight allocation table includes: Obtain historical operating data of the production line, extract multiple sets of operating condition deviation samples, match the corresponding operating condition association labels, and integrate them to construct a training sample set; The training sample set is weighted using the gradient descent algorithm to determine the appropriate weight ratio of density deviation and speed deviation under different production line operating conditions (combining material coverage density, speed deviation, and angle setting), and an operating condition-weight mapping table is generated. Based on the angle switching control results, the weight parameters in the corresponding interval of the working condition-weight mapping table are incrementally corrected, and the corrected mapping table is used as a dynamic weight allocation table. The operating condition deviation samples include material density deviation samples and conveying speed deviation samples. The working condition association identifiers include conveyor gear parameters, preset biscuit material brittleness coefficient, and switching timing markers.

[0057] Specifically, the operation of switching the steering angle includes: Upon receiving the angle switching control command, the angle-speed coordinated switching mechanism is activated to obtain the real-time turning angle of the currently switchable angle turning conveyor, as well as the accumulation status data of the corresponding buffer structures of the front and rear adjacent equipment sections; An angle transition curve is generated based on the deviation between the target steering angle and the real-time steering angle. Combined with the accumulation state of the cache structure, the volume pre-adjustment amount of the cache structure is calculated, and the cache structure is controlled to perform volume pre-adjustment. The steering angle switching action is executed according to the angle transition curve, and the conveying speed adjustment command of the front and rear adjacent equipment sections is generated based on the volume pre-adjustment amount, forming a coordinated operation state in the angle switching stage.

[0058] Specifically, the angle-velocity coordinated switching mechanism includes: Establish the speed range association conditions for each angle setting corresponding to the adjacent equipment sections at the front and rear ends, and construct the linkage constraint relationship for multi-condition adaptation based on the speed range association conditions; During the steering angle switching phase, based on the real-time switching progress in the angle transition curve, the corresponding speed adjustment command is matched from the linkage constraint relationship, and the speed adjustment command is synchronously sent to the adjacent front and rear equipment segments to synchronously correct and control the real-time operating rate of the adjacent front and rear equipment segments. After the angle switching is completed, the steady-state data of the material accumulation in the buffer structure is collected. The steady-state data is compared with the preset ideal accumulation state for error calculation. The speed range boundary parameters of the linkage constraint relationship are adjusted based on the calculation results.

[0059] Example 4: This example uses a food factory as a scenario. The factory's biscuit production line already includes a molding machine, baking oven, cooling conveyor line, and packaging machine. Based on the findings in Example 1, due to insufficient workshop length, a switchable angle turning conveyor (model 600) needs to be introduced between the cooling conveyor line and the packaging machine. This equipment has two preset switchable angle settings: 90° and 180°. Each angle setting corresponds to a minimum turning radius specified in the equipment manual (denoted as...). in (Representative angle). Clearance width of the corner area of ​​the workshop (denoted as W). c ), clearance height (denoted as H) c The location data of the objects and obstacles (pillars, fire hydrants, etc.) have been obtained through preliminary measurements.

[0060] I. Spatial Constraint Analysis and Layout Boundary Feature Extraction First, based on the layout trigger information, the corner area where the turning conveyor needs to be deployed is identified. A 3D laser scanner is used to acquire the boundary contour point set and obstacle point cloud within this area. Due to the different scanner installation locations, all point cloud data needs to be unified to the same world coordinate system through coordinate transformation to eliminate reference differences.

[0061] The unified point cloud is then categorized and filtered: boundary points are grouped by ground, wall, and top surfaces, and physical boundaries such as wall edges and column edges are marked. Isolated noise points (usually caused by scanning errors) are removed from the obstacle point cloud, and irrelevant obstacles that are lower than the conveyor installation reference plane or far from the material passage area are removed, retaining only obstacles that directly interfere with the layout (such as columns and fire hydrants). Based on the filtered data, the following key quantities are calculated: Available clearance width W f =W c -w obs , where w obs It is the maximum width occupied by the obstacle in the width direction (calculated by the convex hull of the point cloud).

[0062] Available clearance height H f =H c -h obs , where h obs It is the height of the highest obstacle.

[0063] No-deployment zone: A polygon formed by extending a preset safety distance (e.g., 0.5 meters, depending on equipment installation and maintenance requirements) outward from the bottom contour of each obstacle.

[0064] According to W f H f And define the prohibited deployment areas, delineating the safe layout range for turning conveyors, i.e., the space allowed for the main body of the conveyor and transition sections. Extract the layout boundary features from this safe range: Maximum permissible turning radius (denoted as R) max ): The maximum turning radius that can be accommodated within the safe layout range.

[0065] The transition section extends to a range of angles (denoted as [θ]). min ,θ max ]: The allowable deviation range of the centerline of the transition section relative to the workshop reference direction.

[0066] II. Joint Adaptation Calculation (Angle Gear Filtering, Transition Segment Length Calculation, and Interference Verification) For both 90° and 180° angle settings, candidate settings were filtered one by one. Each setting was checked. Do both conditions need to be met simultaneously? Minimum turning radius for this gear Maximum permissible turning radius R max ; The inlet and outlet orientations corresponding to this gear position (determined by the equipment structure) both fall within the reachable angle range [θ]. min ,θ max ]Inside.

[0067] Only gears that simultaneously meet the above conditions are included in the candidate angle gear set.

[0068] For each angle setting in the candidate set The transition section parameters are analyzed. The exit height of the front-end equipment section (cooling conveyor line), the inlet height of the rear-end equipment section (packaging machine feed belt), and the height of the turning conveyor itself are obtained. The vertical drop between the inlet and outlet sides is calculated (positive values ​​indicate a slope is required, negative values ​​indicate a downhill slope is required). Simultaneously, the horizontal offset in the corner area is measured. Referring to the maximum allowable slope specified in the conveyor design specifications (e.g., no more than 15°), the shortest inlet transition section length that meets the slope requirements is calculated. Export transition section length If the vertical drop is zero, the length of the transition section should be a minimum structural length (e.g., 0.5 meters) to ensure a stable connection.

[0069] In the 3D computer model, a transition segment entity is generated based on the calculated length, and spatial interference detection is performed between it and the previously obtained obstacle point cloud. If the transition segment entity has no intersection with any obstacle, the candidate combination is determined to have passed the interference check, forming a set of candidate parameter combinations. Store all non-interference combinations.

[0070] III. Joint Fit Assessment For each candidate parameter combination, first calculate the total transition length L. trans =L in +L out Then obtain the output speed v of the front-end device section under the current operating conditions. out and the ingress speed v of the backend device segment in (Unit: meters per second). Calculation of velocity difference factor: This factor ranges from 0 to 1, and a larger value indicates a greater mismatch between the front-end and back-end speeds.

[0071] If the speed difference factor δ v If the value exceeds a preset threshold (e.g., 0.1, which is set based on equipment debugging experience), the total transition segment length will be positively corrected to provide more buffer space: L trans =L trans ×(1+0.5×δ v ), where 0.5 is the speed influence coefficient (based on engineering experience). If δ v If the threshold is not exceeded, the length remains unchanged after correction.

[0072] Next, a spatial adaptation coefficient is generated based on the degree of matching between the angle setting and the spatial constraints. Calculation: Angle occupancy efficiency This reflects the trend that the larger the angle, the more space is occupied.

[0073] Space occupancy rate L avail It is the maximum length available along the transition section direction (obtained from the layout boundary features).

[0074] Then the spatial fit coefficient λ space =1-(0.6×η+0.4×ρ). Here, 0.6 and 0.4 are preset weights, respectively measuring the impact of angle and length on spatial adaptation. λ space The closer to 1, the better the space utilization.

[0075] Finally, the overall fit score is calculated as S = 0.4 × (1 / Ltrans′) + 0.6 × λ space The values ​​0.4 and 0.6 represent the weights for balancing short transition sections and good spatial adaptation. Scores are calculated for all combinations in the candidate set, sorted by S from highest to lowest, and the combination with the highest score is selected as the final adaptation scheme. Its corresponding turning angle (90° or 180°), entrance transition section length, and exit transition section length are output. If multiple combinations have the same score, the one with the shorter total transition section length is preferred.

[0076] Through the above steps, quantitative decision-making was achieved from the analysis of spatial constraints at workshop corners to the joint adaptation of angles and transition sections, providing accurate parameters for the actual layout, buffer zone setting, and dynamic switching of subsequent turning conveyors.

[0077] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A layout method for a biscuit production line based on a switchable angle turning conveyor, characterized in that, include: S1: Obtain the basic parameters of the biscuit production line layout, normalize the basic parameters of the production line layout to form a standardized layout parameter vector, calculate the straight layout margin in the straight direction of the workshop based on the standardized layout parameter vector, and generate the layout trigger information of the turning conveyor. S2: Based on the layout triggering information, perform spatial constraint analysis on the corner area of ​​the workshop, extract the layout boundary features of the area, combine the preset angle range of the switchable angle turning conveyor, perform joint adaptation calculation of the conveying turning angle and the connecting transition section, and generate the spatial layout parameters of the turning conveyor. S3: Based on the spatial layout parameters, the layout of the turning conveyor is carried out, the conveying connection link between adjacent equipment sections at the front and rear ends of the process is constructed, a buffer structure is set in the adjacent equipment sections at the front and rear ends of the turning conveyor, the adaptation and accommodation parameters of the buffer structure are calculated, and a production line layout scheme is formed. S4: Monitor the operating conditions of the turning conveyor in real time, generate angle switching control commands based on the monitoring results, execute the turning angle switching operation and synchronously control the operating speed of adjacent equipment sections at the front and rear ends, and feed back the switched angle and speed parameters to the spatial layout parameters to perform closed-loop dynamic adaptation optimization of the production line layout.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The normalization process specifically includes: Obtain the numerical distribution range of each dimension in the basic parameter vector of the production line layout, and perform value range scaling processing on the original values ​​of each dimension based on the numerical distribution range to generate the normalized components corresponding to each dimension. According to the original dimensional order of the production line layout basic parameter vector, the normalized components corresponding to each dimension are fused to form a standardized layout parameter vector. The standardized layout parameter vector is labeled with its original dimensional identifiers, and the labeled standardized layout parameter vector is output.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The generation of layout trigger information for the turning conveyor specifically includes: The available length data in the straight line direction of the workshop is calculated from the standardized layout parameter vector. The total length of the layout is calculated by using the length parameters of each functional section of the equipment to obtain the total length data required for the straight line layout of the equipment section. Calculate the difference between the arrangeable length data and the total length data required for the straight layout of the equipment section, and perform spatial redundancy correction and working condition adaptation calibration on the difference to form a straight layout margin. By constraining the straight layout margin using the production line layout safety boundary, layout trigger information for the turning conveyor is generated.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spatial constraint analysis of the workshop corner area specifically includes: Based on the layout triggering information, the target corner area is located, and boundary and obstacle distribution data within the target corner area are collected. The baseline of the collected data is unified through spatial coordinate mapping. The collected data is subjected to spatial constraint classification and interference element filtering to generate core layout constraints within the region. Based on the core layout constraints, the safe layout range of the switchable angle turning conveyor is defined, the layout boundary features of the corresponding area are extracted from the safe range, and the layout boundary features are output.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The joint adaptation operation specifically includes: Based on the layout boundary features, the preset angle range of the switchable angle turning conveyor is matched, and the angle ranges that meet the spatial constraints are selected as candidates to generate a set of candidate angle ranges. For each steering angle in the candidate angle gear set, perform transition segment parameter analysis and spatial interference verification to form a corresponding candidate parameter combination; A joint fit evaluation is performed on the candidate parameter combinations. Based on the evaluation results, parameter combinations that meet the fit standards are selected from the candidate parameter combinations, and the conveying steering angle and the length of the transition section corresponding to the parameter combinations are output.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The joint fit assessment specifically includes: Extract the steering angle and transition segment length from the candidate parameter combination, obtain the exit speed of the front-end adjacent device segment and the inlet speed of the back-end adjacent device segment in the current scenario, and calculate the speed difference factor. The transition section length is adapted and corrected according to the speed difference factor, and a spatial adaptation coefficient is generated based on the degree of matching between the steering angle and the layout boundary features. The length of the adapted transition segment and the spatial adaptation coefficient are weighted and fused to generate a comprehensive adaptation score for each candidate parameter combination. The candidate parameter combinations are then sorted according to the comprehensive adaptation score to generate a joint adaptation evaluation result.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveying connection links between adjacent equipment sections at the front and rear ends of the construction process specifically include: Based on the spatial layout parameters, the layout and positioning of the switchable angle turning conveyor are carried out, and the docking reference of the front and rear adjacent equipment sections is calibrated in combination with the preset angle range of the switchable angle turning conveyor. The switchable angle turning conveyor is aligned with the front and rear adjacent equipment sections and the path is connected to the corresponding preset angle level. The connection section is smoothly adapted by controlling the conveying gap and drop, and the conveying rhythm of the front and rear processes is linked and adapted. The continuity of the conveying path after the connection is verified and the stability of the material flow is checked at all preset angle levels. Adaptation parameters for the connecting link are generated to form a stable process conveying connection link.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptation and accommodating parameters of the computation cache structure specifically include: Collect the outlet speed of the adjacent front-end equipment section and the inlet speed of the adjacent rear-end equipment section, extract the corresponding material arrival cycle and material consumption cycle, and establish the conveying coordination relationship between the adjacent front-end and rear-end equipment sections through rate matching analysis; Based on the aforementioned transport coordination relationship, the length of the dynamic accumulation area of ​​the buffer structure and the material residence time are adapted and calculated to generate the basic operating parameters of the buffer structure; The basic operating parameters are adjusted for working conditions, and the length of the accumulation area is corrected by combining the preset biscuit material brittleness coefficient and conveying angle to generate the appropriate capacity parameters for the buffer structure.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The generated angle switching control command specifically includes: Real-time data collection of material coverage density parameters and real-time speed parameters on the conveyor belt of the switchable angle turning conveyor, and simultaneous collection of current angle gear information; The material coverage density parameter is compared with a preset density threshold to generate a density deviation status signal; the real-time speed parameter of the conveyor belt is compared with the rated speed corresponding to the current angle gear to generate a speed deviation status signal. The dynamic weight allocation table is invoked, and the corresponding density weight coefficient and speed weight coefficient are read from the table according to the current production line conditions. The density deviation state signal and speed deviation state signal are weighted and fused, and the angle switching control command adapted to the current conditions is output.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The generation process of the dynamic weight allocation table specifically includes: Obtain historical operating data of the production line, extract multiple sets of operating condition deviation samples, match the corresponding operating condition association labels, and integrate them to construct a training sample set; The training sample set is weighted using the gradient descent algorithm to form an appropriate weight ratio for density deviation and speed deviation under different production line operating conditions, and an operating condition-weight mapping table is generated. Based on the angle switching control results, the weight parameters in the corresponding interval of the working condition-weight mapping table are incrementally corrected to generate a dynamic weight allocation table.

11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of performing the steering angle switching operation include: Upon receiving the angle switching control command, the angle-speed coordinated switching mechanism is activated to obtain the real-time turning angle of the currently switchable angle turning conveyor, as well as the accumulation status data of the corresponding buffer structures of the front and rear adjacent equipment sections; An angle transition curve is generated based on the deviation between the target steering angle and the real-time steering angle. Combined with the accumulation state of the cache structure, the volume pre-adjustment amount of the cache structure is calculated, and the cache structure is controlled to perform volume pre-adjustment. The steering angle switching action is executed according to the angle transition curve, and the conveying speed adjustment command of the front and rear adjacent equipment sections is generated based on the volume pre-adjustment amount, forming a coordinated operation state in the angle switching stage.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The angle-velocity coordinated switching mechanism specifically includes: Establish the speed range association conditions for each angle setting corresponding to the adjacent equipment sections at the front and rear ends, and construct the linkage constraint relationship for multi-condition adaptation based on the speed range association conditions; Based on the real-time switching progress of the angle transition curve, the corresponding speed adjustment command is matched from the linkage constraint relationship to synchronously correct and regulate the real-time operating rate of adjacent front and rear equipment segments. After the angle switching is completed, the steady-state data of the material accumulation in the buffer structure is collected. The steady-state data is compared with the preset ideal accumulation state for error calculation. The speed range boundary parameters of the linkage constraint relationship are adjusted based on the calculation results.

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