Comprehensive energy system, dispatch method and readable storage medium based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading cost

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of new energy systems, in particular to a comprehensive energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading cost, a scheduling method and a readable storage medium. By constructing a comprehensive energy system model containing a hydrogen energy module, flexible conversion between electricity, hydrogen and heat energy is realized, so that the problem of wind power curtailment caused by wind power volatility is overcome, and the wind power consumption of the system is enhanced; a nonlinear carbon trading cost mechanism is introduced, so that the carbon trading cost increases nonlinearly with the increase of the carbon emission difference, the over-discharge cost is improved, and the economic constraints on high carbon emission behavior are strengthened; in the process of optimization scheduling, through the synergistic effect of hydrogen energy coupling and the carbon trading mechanism, the system is driven by the economic lever of the nonlinear carbon price, and the hydrogen energy storage and conversion path is preferentially called to consume the surplus wind power, so that the total operation cost is reduced while deep emission reduction is realized. The application aims to solve the problem of how to constrain carbon emission while improving wind power consumption capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of new energy system technology, and in particular to an integrated energy system, scheduling method and readable storage medium based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of the global energy structure transitioning towards carbon neutrality, building a low-carbon, efficient integrated energy system has become a key task. However, existing systems face two major challenges in operation: First, while clean energy sources, such as wind power, have abundant reserves, the volatility and intermittency of their output make grid connection difficult, often resulting in significant "wind curtailment" and a severe shortage of renewable energy absorption capacity. Second, traditional fossil fuel equipment such as combined heat and power (CHP), which serve as the current baseload of energy supply, generates substantial carbon emissions during production, fundamentally contradicting the goal of low-carbon development.

[0003] In related technical solutions, existing research has explored the construction of integrated electricity-heat-gas energy systems, using energy conversion equipment to convert surplus electricity into heat or gas energy to improve the absorption rate. However, the traditional electricity-heat-gas coupled architecture still suffers from the problem of high carbon sources. Furthermore, in terms of online carbon emission control, existing solutions have introduced carbon trading mechanisms to guide optimized scheduling through carbon emission pricing. However, the traditional carbon trading mechanism has a single pricing model and insufficient carbon price signal strength, making it difficult to form an effective economic constraint on high carbon emission behavior.

[0004] In view of this, this application proposes a new integrated energy system that aims to constrain carbon emissions while improving wind power absorption capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main purpose of this application is to provide an integrated energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs, aiming to solve the problem of how to constrain carbon emissions while improving wind power absorption capacity.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides an integrated energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs, comprising:

[0007] The integrated energy module includes a hydrogen energy module, a combined heat and power module, and a gas boiler module, wherein the hydrogen energy module, the combined heat and power module, and the gas boiler module are configured to perform the conversion between electricity, hydrogen, and heat energy;

[0008] The optimization scheduling module is used to determine the target optimization scheduling strategy based on the integrated energy module and the optimization scheduling model including carbon trading costs, and to control the integrated energy module to execute the target optimization scheduling strategy.

[0009] The carbon trading cost increases non-linearly with the increase of the carbon emission difference.

[0010] Optionally, the hydrogen energy module includes:

[0011] An electro-hydrogen production unit, wherein the operating power of the electro-hydrogen production unit satisfies preset upper and lower power limits and ramp rate constraints;

[0012] A hydrogen storage unit, wherein the capacity of the hydrogen storage unit meets the preset upper and lower capacity limits, and is only in a hydrogen charging state or a hydrogen discharging state during the same period of time.

[0013] A hydrogen power generation unit, wherein the operating power of the hydrogen power generation unit meets preset upper and lower power limits and ramp rate constraints.

[0014] Optionally, the electro-hydrogen production unit satisfies the following constraint expression during the hydrogen production process:

[0015]

[0016] In the formula, E H,EL (t) represents the hydrogen gas generated at time t; E e,EL (t) represents the electrical energy consumed in the electrolysis of water at time t; η EL E is the hydrogen energy conversion coefficient. e,HFC,max E represents the rated power of the electrical energy consumed. ramp,EL The upper limit of the ramp rate for hydrogen production;

[0017] The hydrogen storage unit satisfies the following constraint expression:

[0018]

[0019] In the formula, S h (t) represents the hydrogen storage capacity at time t; S h,max S h,min C represents the upper and lower limits of hydrogen energy storage capacity. h This represents the maximum capacity for hydrogen energy storage; η h η is the initial capacity scaling factor for hydrogen energy storage; c η d The charging and discharging efficiency of hydrogen energy storage; E h,cha,ES (t), E h,dis,ES (t) represents the charging and discharging efficiency of hydrogen storage at time t; B h,cha,ES (t), B h,dis,ES (t) represents the state parameters of hydrogen energy storage at time t, including charging and discharging, where B h,cha,ES (t) being 1 indicates that the hydrogen storage tank is in a charging state, and being 0 indicates that it is in a discharging state. If B h,dis,ES (t) being 1 indicates a discharge state, and being 0 indicates a charging state; E h,max Maximum charging and discharging power for hydrogen storage tanks;

[0020] The hydrogen power generation unit satisfies the following constraint expression:

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, E e,HFC (t), E h,HFC (t) represents the electrical and thermal energy generated by burning hydrogen at time t; E H,HFC (t) represents the hydrogen energy consumed at time t; η e,HFC η h,HFC E is the energy conversion coefficient between electrical and thermal energy. H,HFC,max The upper limit of hydrogen energy consumed by the equipment in burning hydrogen; γ HFC,max γ HFC,min E represents the upper and lower limits of the thermoelectric ratio. ramp,HFC This represents the upper limit of the climbing rate.

[0023] Optionally, the carbon trading cost is the sum of the products of carbon emissions within each carbon emission difference interval and the carbon trading price within the corresponding interval, wherein different carbon emission difference intervals correspond to different carbon trading costs, and the carbon trading cost increases as the carbon emission difference increases.

[0024] Optionally, the mathematical expression for the carbon emission difference is:

[0025]

[0026] in,

[0027]

[0028]

[0029] In the formula, Carbon quotas for integrated energy systems; Actual carbon emissions; γ e γ c γ g β represents the carbon quota coefficient for electricity purchased, combined heat and power (CHP) equipment, and gas-fired boilers; β represents the carbon quota coefficient for electricity generated by CHP equipment. For the purchase of electricity for the integrated energy system, E h,CHP E represents the heat generated by the combined heat and power (CHP) equipment. e,CHP E represents the power output of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit. h,GB This refers to the heat output of a gas-fired boiler.

[0030] Optionally, the objective function of the optimized scheduling model is expressed as:

[0031]

[0032] in,

[0033]

[0034]

[0035]

[0036] In the formula, F is the objective function; C buy Energy purchase cost; C wind Cost of wind curtailment; For carbon trading costs; θ e The unit price of electricity; θ g Price per unit of gas; E e,buy (t), E g,buy (t) represents the electricity and gas purchases at time t, respectively; θ wind The price per unit of abandoned air volume; The predicted output of wind power at time t. Let t be the actual output power of the wind power. For carbon emissions trading volume, λ represents the carbon trading cost; λ represents the carbon trading base price.

[0037] Optionally, the optimized scheduling model further includes electrical energy balance constraints, thermal energy balance constraints, gas energy balance constraints, and hydrogen energy balance constraints, wherein:

[0038] Power balance constraints include:

[0039]

[0040] In the formula, E e,load (t) represents the electrical load consumed by the user during time period t; E e,EL (t) represents the electrical energy consumed by the hydrogen electrolysis equipment during time period t; E ES1,cha (t), E ES1,dis (t) represents the electrical energy charged and discharged during time period t; P DG (t) represents the electrical energy supplied by wind power during time period t; E e,CHP (t) represents the electrical energy generated by the combined heat and power (CHP) equipment during time period t; E e,HFC (t) represents the electrical energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell during time period t; E e,buy (t) represents the electrical energy purchased by the system at time t.

[0041] Thermal balance constraints include:

[0042]

[0043] In the formula, E h,load (t) represents the heat load consumed by the user during time period t; E h,GB(t) represents the heat energy generated by the gas-fired boiler during time period t; E ES2,cha (t), E ES2,dis (t) represents the thermal energy stored in the thermal energy storage during time period t; E h,CHP (t) represents the heat energy generated by the combined heat and power (CHP) equipment during time period t; E h,HFC (t) represents the thermal energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell during time period t.

[0044] Gas energy balance constraints include:

[0045]

[0046] In the formula, E g,load (t) represents the gas load consumed by the user during time period t; E g,buy (t) represents the gas energy purchased by the system at time t; E ES3,cha (t), E ES3,dis (t) represents the gas energy stored in the gas storage during time period t; E CHP,g (t) represents the gas energy consumed by the combined heat and power (CHP) equipment during time period t; E GB,g (t) represents the gas energy consumed by the gas boiler during time period t.

[0047] Hydrogen energy balance constraints include:

[0048]

[0049] In the formula, E H,EL (t) represents the hydrogen energy produced by the hydrogen electrolysis equipment at time t; E H,HFC (t) represents the hydrogen energy consumed by the hydrogen fuel cell at time t; E ES4,cha (t), E ES4,dis (t) represents the amount of hydrogen energy that is charged and released during the hydrogen storage period t.

[0050] Optionally, the electrical and thermal energy produced by the combined heat and power module shall satisfy the following constraints:

[0051]

[0052] In the formula, E e,CHP (t), E h,CHP (t) represents the electrical and thermal energy generated at time t; E g,HFC (t) represents the gas energy consumed at time t; η e,CHP E is the electrical energy conversion factor. g,HFC,max This represents the upper limit of energy consumption; γ CHP,max , γ CHP,min The upper and lower limits of the adjustable thermoelectric ratio; E ramp,CHP This represents the upper limit of the climbing rate;

[0053] The gas-fired boiler module satisfies the following constraints during the process of generating heat energy from gas:

[0054]

[0055] In the formula, E h,GB (t) represents the heat generated at time t; E g,GB (t) represents the amount of natural gas consumed at time t; η GB E is the thermal energy conversion coefficient. g,GB,max This is the upper limit for natural gas consumption; E ramp,GB This is the upper limit of the rate at which gas energy can be consumed for climbing.

[0056] Furthermore, to achieve the above objectives, this application also provides a scheduling method for the aforementioned integrated energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs, the scheduling method comprising the following steps:

[0057] The target optimization scheduling strategy is determined based on the integrated energy module and the optimization scheduling module;

[0058] Control the integrated energy system to execute the target optimization scheduling strategy.

[0059] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the scheduling method described in any of the preceding claims.

[0060] This application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0061] 1. By constructing a comprehensive energy system model containing hydrogen energy modules, flexible conversion between electricity, hydrogen, and heat energy can be achieved, thereby overcoming the wind curtailment problem caused by wind power fluctuations and enhancing the system's wind power absorption capacity;

[0062] 2. The introduction of a non-linear carbon trading cost mechanism makes the carbon trading cost increase non-linearly with the increase of the carbon emission difference, thereby increasing the cost of exceeding emission limits and strengthening the economic constraints on high carbon emission behavior.

[0063] 3. During the optimized scheduling process, through the synergistic effect of hydrogen energy coupling and carbon trading mechanisms, the system prioritizes the use of hydrogen energy storage and conversion pathways to absorb surplus wind power under the economic leverage of nonlinear carbon prices, thereby achieving deep emission reduction while reducing total operating costs. Attached Figure Description

[0064] Figure 1 This is an architectural diagram of an integrated energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs, as described in an embodiment of this application.

[0065] Figure 2This is a flowchart illustrating the scheduling method of an integrated energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs involved in the embodiments of this application;

[0066] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the integrated energy system architecture of the hydrogen-containing energy module involved in the embodiments of this application;

[0067] Figure 4 This is a simulated wind power diagram related to the embodiments of this application.

[0068] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0069] To better understand the above technical solutions, exemplary embodiments of this disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0070] First Embodiment

[0071] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment provides an integrated energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs, the system comprising:

[0072] The integrated energy module 100 includes a hydrogen energy module 101, a cogeneration module 102, and a gas boiler module 103, wherein the hydrogen energy module 101, the cogeneration module 102, and the gas boiler module 103 are configured to perform the conversion between electricity, hydrogen, and heat energy.

[0073] In this embodiment, the integrated energy module 100 is used to describe the generation, conversion, storage and consumption processes of the four energy flows of electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen in the system.

[0074] Specifically, the hydrogen energy module 101 serves as the core coupling unit connected to the system. Its input end connects to the output end of renewable energy power generation equipment such as wind power, used to absorb surplus electricity during periods of excess wind power output or low electricity prices. It generates and stores hydrogen through water electrolysis. Its output end connects to the system's electrical load bus and thermal load bus, used to convert the stored hydrogen into electricity and heat energy for users during peak electricity demand or when heat supply is insufficient. Compared to traditional electrical or thermal energy storage, hydrogen energy storage offers advantages such as large capacity, long storage time, and clean, pollution-free operation, effectively addressing the problem of wind curtailment in renewable energy sources like wind power.

[0075] In this embodiment, the hydrogen energy module 101 model can receive system scheduling instructions and simulate the conversion process of electrical energy-hydrogen energy-thermal energy. The hydrogen energy module 101 can also simulate the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer, the inventory status of the hydrogen storage tank, and the power generation / heating power of the fuel cell, thereby optimizing and adjusting its operation strategy according to real-time electricity price, heat load and carbon emission target, so as to realize the low-carbon economic scheduling of the system.

[0076] In this embodiment, the cogeneration module 102 can simulate the conversion process of chemical energy to thermal energy during natural gas combustion, and is configured to absorb the thermal energy generated by the combustion of natural gas using a waste heat absorption device, and its electrothermal ratio can be adjusted in real time according to energy demand.

[0077] The gas-fired boiler module 103 can simulate the conversion of chemical energy into thermal energy during natural gas combustion. This model calculates the heat released by the combustion reaction by inputting the natural gas flow rate and air volume, and then outputs the thermal energy contained in the high-temperature flue gas as the basic heat source for the integrated energy system.

[0078] The optimization scheduling module 200 is used to determine the target optimization scheduling strategy based on the integrated energy module 100 and the optimization scheduling model including carbon trading costs, and to control the integrated energy module to execute the target optimization scheduling strategy.

[0079] The carbon trading cost increases non-linearly with the increase of the carbon emission difference.

[0080] In this embodiment, the optimization scheduling module aims to minimize the total operating cost of the system and introduces a carbon trading cost mechanism to economically constrain the system's carbon emission behavior.

[0081] Specifically, the carbon emission difference refers to the difference between the system's actual carbon emissions and the allocated carbon emission allowances. Traditional carbon trading mechanisms typically employ a linear pricing model, where the system may choose to pay a fixed carbon cost to maintain a high-carbon-emission operation mode under economic optimization considerations. The optimization scheduling model constructed in this embodiment innovatively introduces a nonlinear carbon trading cost mechanism. That is, when the system's carbon emission difference is small, the carbon trading cost increases relatively slowly; when the carbon emission difference increases, i.e., when excess emissions increase, the carbon trading cost shows an accelerated growth trend. In this way, by increasing the marginal cost of high-carbon-emission behavior, the system is forced to prioritize low-carbon or even zero-carbon operating paths during optimal scheduling. For example, it may prioritize the use of hydrogen energy module 101 to absorb wind power to replace high-carbon-emission fossil fuel equipment, thereby achieving effective carbon emission reduction.

[0082] Further and optionally, the nonlinear growth specifically includes: the carbon trading cost is the sum of the products of carbon emissions within each carbon emission difference interval and the carbon trading price within the corresponding interval, wherein different carbon emission difference intervals correspond to different carbon trading costs, and the carbon trading cost increases as the carbon emission difference increases.

[0083] Specifically, firstly, a baseline carbon emission allowance is determined based on the system's historical emission data or relevant regulations. Then, the difference between the actual carbon emissions and this allowance is calculated, i.e., the carbon emission difference. Based on the magnitude of the carbon emission difference, it is divided into multiple consecutive first, second, and third intervals, etc. Each interval is assigned a corresponding carbon trading price. Assuming the system's carbon emission difference is ΔE, if ΔE falls within the k-th interval, the calculation logic for the carbon trading cost is as follows: First, calculate the product of emissions in the first interval and carbon price λ1, then add the product of emissions in the second interval and carbon price λ2, and so on, until the product of the remaining emissions in the k-th interval and carbon price λk is calculated.

[0084] It's important to note that this segmented and cumulative calculation method results in a lower marginal carbon cost when the system's carbon emissions slightly exceed the quota, allowing the system to potentially purchase a small amount of carbon allowances. However, when the system's carbon emissions significantly exceed the quota and enter a higher tier, the marginal carbon cost will increase dramatically. This mechanism forces the system to re-evaluate the operational benefits of high-carbon-emission equipment such as gas-fired boilers and combined heat and power units against the higher carbon penalty costs during optimal scheduling. Under the constraint of nonlinear carbon pricing, the system will tend to prioritize low-carbon or even zero-carbon energy conversion paths. For example, utilizing hydrogen energy module 101 to absorb surplus wind power to replace some fossil fuel energy for heating and power supply, thus avoiding entering the high carbon price range.

[0085] Furthermore, and optionally, the mathematical expression for calculating the carbon emission difference can be:

[0086]

[0087] in,

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] In the formula, Carbon quotas for integrated energy systems; Actual carbon emissions; γ e γ c γ g β represents the carbon quota coefficient for electricity purchased, combined heat and power (CHP) equipment, and gas-fired boilers; β represents the carbon quota coefficient for electricity generated by CHP equipment. For the purchase of electricity for the integrated energy system, Eh,CHP E represents the heat generated by the combined heat and power (CHP) equipment. e,CHP E represents the power output of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit. h,GB This refers to the heat output of a gas-fired boiler.

[0091] In this embodiment, the dispatch center distributes the determined target optimization dispatch strategy to the local controllers of each device. In some optional embodiments, the optimization dispatch strategy includes: controlling the electrolyzer to operate at rated power to produce hydrogen during periods of high wind power generation, controlling the hydrogen fuel cell to start generating electricity and providing heat during peak load periods, and adjusting the output of the combined heat and power unit and the gas boiler.

[0092] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the low-carbon energy supply of the hydrogen energy module 101 and the nonlinear carbon trading cost constraint mechanism of the optimized scheduling module work together to effectively improve the wind power absorption capacity and carbon emission reduction level while ensuring the reliability of energy supply.

[0093] Further and optionally, this embodiment further provides constraints on the electrical and thermal energy produced by the cogeneration module 102, and constraints on the process of the gas boiler module 103 generating thermal energy from gas energy, specifically including:

[0094]

[0095] In the formula, E e,CHP (t), E h,CHP (t) represents the electrical and thermal energy generated at time t; E g,HFC (t) represents the gas energy consumed at time t; η e,CHP E is the electrical energy conversion factor. g,HFC,max This represents the upper limit of energy consumption; γ CHP,max , γ CHP,min The upper and lower limits of the adjustable thermoelectric ratio; E ramp,CHP This represents the upper limit of the climbing rate;

[0096] During the process of generating heat energy from gas energy, the gas boiler module 103 satisfies the following constraints:

[0097]

[0098] In the formula, E h,GB (t) represents the heat generated at time t; E g,GB (t) represents the amount of natural gas consumed at time t; η GB E is the thermal energy conversion coefficient. g,GB,max This is the upper limit for natural gas consumption; E ramp,GB This is the upper limit of the rate at which gas energy can be consumed for climbing.

[0099] As an optional implementation, the integrated energy system based on hydrogen and carbon trading costs in this embodiment also includes some other modules:

[0100] Energy storage modules are used to simulate the storage and release processes of various forms of energy, such as electricity, heat, and gas.

[0101] The wind power module is used to simulate the process of wind power generation and to provide power to the integrated energy system.

[0102] The power grid and heating network module is used to simulate the process of power grids and heating networks providing electrical and thermal energy to the integrated energy system.

[0103] The modules are electrically connected to each other.

[0104] Second Embodiment

[0105] Based on the first embodiment, this embodiment provides a detailed description of the specific architecture and operational constraints of the hydrogen energy module. In this embodiment, the hydrogen energy module includes:

[0106] An electro-hydrogen production unit, wherein the operating power of the electro-hydrogen production unit satisfies preset upper and lower power limits and ramp rate constraints;

[0107] In this embodiment, the electro-hydrogen production unit utilizes excess electrical energy to generate hydrogen energy through water electrolysis, further enabling wind power integration. Its operating power meets preset upper and lower power limits and ramp-up rate constraints. During operation, the actual power of the electro-hydrogen production unit cannot exceed the rated power limit of the equipment, nor fall below the minimum power limit required to maintain stable operation. Simultaneously, due to the thermal inertia of the electrolyzer and the response speed of the control system, the power variation between adjacent time periods must be controlled within the upper limit of the ramp-up rate.

[0108] Furthermore, and optionally, the formula for producing hydrogen energy by the electro-hydrogen unit is as follows:

[0109]

[0110] In the formula, E H,EL (t) represents the hydrogen gas generated at time t; E e,EL (t) represents the electrical energy consumed in the electrolysis of water at time t; η EL E is the hydrogen energy conversion coefficient. e,HFC,max E represents the rated power of the electrical energy consumed. ramp,EL This represents the upper limit of the ramp rate for hydrogen production.

[0111] A hydrogen storage unit, wherein the capacity of the hydrogen storage unit meets the preset upper and lower capacity limits, and is only in a hydrogen charging state or a hydrogen discharging state during the same period of time.

[0112] In this embodiment, the hydrogen storage unit simulates the storage and release process of hydrogen, providing hydrogen storage and buffering functions for the integrated energy system. As an energy buffer, the hydrogen storage unit's storage capacity must always be maintained within a safe range, neither exceeding the maximum design capacity of the storage tank nor falling below the volume corresponding to the minimum holding pressure. More importantly, the hydrogen storage unit cannot simultaneously perform hydrogen filling and releasing operations during the same scheduling period.

[0113] Furthermore, and optionally, the hydrogen storage unit satisfies the following constraint expression:

[0114]

[0115] In the formula, S h (t) represents the hydrogen storage capacity at time t; S h,max S h,min C represents the upper and lower limits of hydrogen energy storage capacity. h This represents the maximum capacity for hydrogen energy storage; η h η is the initial capacity scaling factor for hydrogen energy storage; c η d The charging and discharging efficiency of hydrogen energy storage; E h,cha,ES (t), E h,dis,ES (t) represents the charging and discharging efficiency of hydrogen storage at time t; B h,cha,ES (t), B h,dis,ES (t) represents the state parameters of hydrogen energy storage at time t, including charging and discharging, where B h,cha,ES (t) being 1 indicates that the hydrogen storage tank is in a charging state, and being 0 indicates that it is in a discharging state. If B h,dis,ES (t) being 1 indicates a discharge state, and being 0 indicates a charging state; E h,max Maximum power for charging and discharging the hydrogen storage tank.

[0116] A hydrogen power generation unit, wherein the operating power of the hydrogen power generation unit meets preset upper and lower power limits and ramp rate constraints.

[0117] In this embodiment, the hydrogen power generation unit is used to simulate the conversion process of hydrogen energy into electrical and thermal energy, providing clean electricity and heat output for the integrated energy system. Similar to the electro-hydrogen production unit, the output power of the hydrogen power generation unit is also limited by the rated capacity and ramp-up capability of the equipment during the process of converting hydrogen energy into electrical and thermal energy.

[0118] Furthermore, and optionally, it satisfies the following constraint expression:

[0119]

[0120] In the formula, E e,HFC (t), E h,HFC (t) represents the electrical and thermal energy generated by burning hydrogen at time t; EH,HFC (t) represents the hydrogen energy consumed at time t; η e,HFC η h,HFC E is the energy conversion coefficient between electrical and thermal energy. H,HFC,max The upper limit of hydrogen energy consumed by the equipment in burning hydrogen; γ HFC,max γ HFC,min E represents the upper and lower limits of the thermoelectric ratio. ramp,HFC This represents the upper limit of the climbing rate.

[0121] Third Embodiment

[0122] Based on any of the above embodiments, in this embodiment, the optimized scheduling model is further configured with an objective function that minimizes the total operating cost, wherein the total operating cost includes energy purchase cost, wind curtailment cost and nonlinear carbon trading cost.

[0123] Specifically, the core objective of optimized scheduling is to find the equipment output scheme that minimizes the total system operating cost F while satisfying all physical constraints. The total operating cost F consists of three parts: the first part is the energy purchase cost, which is the cost paid by the system to purchase electricity from the external power grid and gas from the natural gas grid. Its calculation logic is the sum of the product of the purchased electricity volume and the electricity price, and the product of the purchased gas volume and the gas price for each time period; the second part is the wind curtailment cost, which is a key penalty introduced in this embodiment. It constructs an economic penalty in the objective function by quantifying the product of the curtailed wind volume and the unit curtailment cost coefficient, driving the system to prioritize the consumption of wind power during the optimization process and reduce resource waste; the third part is the nonlinear carbon trading cost described in the previous embodiment, which is used to constrain carbon emission behavior.

[0124] Furthermore, and optionally, the objective function for optimizing the scheduling model is expressed as:

[0125]

[0126] in,

[0127]

[0128]

[0129]

[0130] In the formula, F is the objective function; C buy Energy purchase cost; C wind Cost of wind curtailment; For carbon trading costs; θ e The unit price of electricity; θ g Price per unit of gas; E e,buy (t), E g,buy (t) represents the electricity and gas purchases at time t, respectively; θ windThe price per unit of abandoned air volume; The predicted output of wind power at time t. Let t be the actual output power of the wind power. For carbon emissions trading volume, λ represents the carbon trading cost; λ represents the carbon trading base price.

[0131] On the other hand, the optimization scheduling model also includes energy balance constraints, which include electrical energy balance constraints, thermal energy balance constraints, gas energy balance constraints and hydrogen energy balance constraints, to ensure the supply and demand balance of the four energy flows of electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen in the integrated energy system.

[0132] Specifically, the power balance constraint requires that, during any scheduling period, the power supply in the system must equal the power demand. The supply side includes the output of wind turbines, the power generation of combined heat and power units, the power generation of hydrogen fuel cells, and the power purchased from the grid; the demand side includes the electricity load demand, the power consumed by the hydrogen production unit, and the power sold to the grid.

[0133] Further and optionally, the power balance constraints include:

[0134]

[0135] In the formula, E e,load (t) represents the electrical load consumed by the user during time period t; E e,EL (t) represents the electrical energy consumed by the hydrogen electrolysis equipment during time period t; E ES1,cha (t), E ES1,dis (t) represents the electrical energy charged and discharged during time period t; P DG (t) represents the electrical energy supplied by wind power during time period t; E e,CHP (t) represents the electrical energy generated by the combined heat and power (CHP) equipment during time period t; E e,HFC (t) represents the electrical energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell during time period t; E e,buy (t) represents the electrical energy purchased by the system at time t.

[0136] The thermal balance constraint requires that the system's thermal energy supply equals its thermal energy demand. The supply side includes the thermal output of combined heat and power units, the thermal output of gas boilers, the thermal output of hydrogen fuel cells, and the heat release power of thermal storage devices; the demand side includes the heat load demand and the heat storage power of thermal storage devices.

[0137] Further and optionally, the thermal balance constraints include:

[0138]

[0139] In the formula, E h,loadEh,GB(t) represents the heat load consumed by the user during time period t; Eh,GB(t) represents the heat energy generated by the gas boiler during time period t; EES2,cha(t) and EES2,dis(t) represent the heat energy charged and released by the thermal storage during time period t; Eh,CHP(t) represents the heat energy generated by the combined heat and power equipment during time period t; and Eh,HFC(t) represents the heat energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell during time period t.

[0140] The gas-energy balance constraint requires that natural gas supply equals natural gas consumption. The supply side primarily consists of natural gas purchased from the gas grid; the demand side includes natural gas consumed by gas turbines and gas boilers, as well as gas load demand. This constraint maintains the pressure stability of the natural gas system.

[0141] Further and optionally, the gas energy balance constraints include:

[0142]

[0143] In the formula, E g,load (t) represents the gas load consumed by the user during time period t; E g,buy (t) represents the gas energy purchased by the system at time t; E ES3,cha (t), E ES3,dis (t) represents the gas energy stored in the gas storage during time period t; E CHP,g (t) represents the gas energy consumed by the combined heat and power (CHP) equipment during time period t; E GB,g (t) represents the gas energy consumed by the gas boiler during time period t.

[0144] Unlike traditional integrated energy systems, this embodiment further introduces a hydrogen energy balance constraint. This constraint requires that the amount of hydrogen produced and consumed within the hydrogen energy system maintain a dynamic balance. Specifically, the amount of hydrogen produced by the electro-hydrogen generation unit plus the amount of hydrogen released (negative value) by the hydrogen storage unit must equal the amount of hydrogen consumed by the hydrogen fuel cell plus the amount of hydrogen stored by the hydrogen storage unit.

[0145] Further and optionally, hydrogen energy balance constraints include:

[0146]

[0147] In the formula, E H,EL (t) represents the hydrogen energy produced by the hydrogen electrolysis equipment at time t; E H,HFC (t) represents the hydrogen energy consumed by the hydrogen fuel cell at time t; E ES4,cha (t), E ES4,dis (t) represents the amount of hydrogen energy that is charged and released during the hydrogen storage period t.

[0148] As one implementation scheme, refer to Figure 2The embodiments of this application also relate to a scheduling method for an integrated energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs as described above, the scheduling method comprising the following steps:

[0149] The target optimization scheduling strategy is determined based on the integrated energy module and the optimization scheduling module;

[0150] Control the integrated energy system to execute the target optimization scheduling strategy.

[0151] Specifically, the target optimization scheduling strategy is determined based on the integrated energy module and the optimization scheduling module. This includes: establishing multi-energy coupling relationships among wind power module, electricity purchase module, gas purchase module, hydrogen energy module, cogeneration equipment, gas boiler, energy storage unit, thermal storage unit, gas storage unit, electrical load, thermal load, and gas load through the integrated energy module; obtaining the predicted output of wind power, electrical load demand, thermal load demand, gas load demand, electricity purchase price, gas purchase price, carbon trading price, and the initial state of each energy storage unit within a preset scheduling period through the optimization scheduling module; and minimizing the sum of energy purchase cost, wind curtailment cost, and carbon trading cost. The optimization solution is performed under the conditions of satisfying constraints on electricity balance, thermal balance, gas balance, hydrogen balance, equipment operation, and energy storage capacity to obtain the purchased electricity, purchased gas, electrolyzer hydrogen production power, hydrogen fuel cell power generation power, cogeneration equipment output, gas boiler output, actual wind power output, and charging / discharging power of each energy storage unit within each scheduling period, and using these as the target optimization scheduling strategy.

[0152] Controlling the integrated energy system to execute the target optimization scheduling strategy includes: controlling the operation of the electricity purchase module, gas purchase module, hydrogen energy module, cogeneration equipment, gas boiler, energy storage unit, thermal storage unit, and gas storage unit in the integrated energy system during the corresponding scheduling period according to the target optimization scheduling strategy; when the wind power module has surplus output, controlling the energy storage unit to charge, or controlling the electrolyzer to absorb surplus wind power to produce hydrogen and store the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank, so as to reduce wind curtailment; when the electricity load demand increases or the electricity purchase cost is high, controlling the energy storage unit to discharge, the hydrogen fuel cell to consume the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank to generate electricity, and controlling the cogeneration equipment to output electricity, so as to jointly meet the electricity load demand and reduce the external electricity purchase; when the heat load demand increases, controlling the cogeneration equipment to output heat energy, and coordinating the gas boiler and thermal storage unit for heating; when the gas load demand increases, controlling the gas purchase module and gas storage unit to supply gas in coordination; thereby meeting the electricity load, heat load, and gas load demands while reducing wind curtailment, energy purchase cost, and carbon trading cost.

[0153] Verification of Examples

[0154] To verify the effectiveness and practicality of the integrated energy system optimization scheduling method based on hydrogen energy and traditional carbon trading mechanisms described in this invention, this section conducts an empirical analysis through simulation experiments. The simulation uses a 24-hour daily schedule as the scheduling period, constructs an optimization model on the MATLAB platform, and uses the commercial linear programming solver cplex for solving. System architecture reference. Figure 3 The integrated energy system structure shown includes hydrogen energy modules, combined heat and power equipment, gas boilers, various energy storage units, wind power modules, and interfaces for the power grid and heating network.

[0155] The simulation included several comparative scenarios to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the method of the present invention. The scenarios included: Scenario A (the method of the present invention, including a carbon trading mechanism and a hydrogen energy module) and Scenario B (including a hydrogen energy module but without a carbon trading mechanism).

[0156] To quantitatively assess the comprehensive benefits of the strategy proposed in this invention (Scenario A), it is compared with Scenario B (hydrogen energy but no carbon trading), and the specific data comparison is shown in Table 1. From an economic perspective, the total operating cost of Scenario A is 6426.12 yuan, which is higher than 5726.53 yuan in Scenario B. This is mainly due to the additional cost of 678.95 yuan incurred from participating in the carbon trading market. However, the strategy of this invention optimizes system scheduling through the economic leverage of the carbon trading mechanism, significantly reducing the cost of wind curtailment (341.23 yuan in Scenario A and 508.27 yuan in Scenario B), partially offsetting the impact of carbon trading costs. In terms of carbon emission reduction, the advantages of the strategy of this invention are particularly prominent, with carbon emissions of 11536.08 kg, a reduction of 556.68 kg compared to 12092.76 kg in Scenario B, demonstrating a significant emission reduction effect. The above results fully demonstrate that although the traditional carbon trading mechanism introduced by this invention slightly increases the total system cost, it effectively guides the system to prioritize low-carbon operation, strengthens emission reduction incentives through market mechanisms, and successfully achieves the core objective of exchanging significant environmental benefits for controllable economic costs, thus reflecting the innovative value of this invention.

[0157] surface Cost comparison across different scenarios

[0158]

[0159] Analysis of the charts from the perspective of wind power absorption shows that the strategy proposed in this invention, corresponding to scenario A in the chart, significantly improves the system's wind power absorption capacity compared to the comparative scenario B. Specifically, the data in Table 2 shows that the wind curtailment volume of the strategy of this invention (scenario A) is only 974.94 kW, with an absorption rate as high as 93.22%; while in the comparative scenario B, the wind curtailment volume increases to 1452.20 kW, and the absorption rate decreases to 89.90%. This quantitative result is... Figure 4This is clearly demonstrated in the power curves: the load curve of Scenario A more closely tracks the actual wind power output curve during multiple periods (such as the early morning off-peak period), indicating that the system effectively reduces wind curtailment by converting surplus wind power into hydrogen energy for storage through hydrogen energy equipment. In contrast, the load curve of Scenario B deviates more significantly from the actual wind power curve, especially during the nighttime peak wind power output period, indicating that the lack of effective and flexible adjustment measures leads to a large amount of wind power being curtailed. In summary, this invention provides key flexibility resources for absorbing fluctuating wind power through the synergistic optimization of hydrogen energy and carbon trading mechanisms, significantly improving the utilization rate of renewable energy.

[0160] surface Comparison of wind power consumption under various scenarios

[0161]

[0162] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program includes program instructions and can be stored in a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium. The program instructions are executed by at least one processor in a computer system to implement the process steps of the embodiments of the above methods.

[0163] Therefore, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the various steps of the scheduling method described in the above embodiments.

[0164] The computer-readable storage medium can be any computer-readable storage medium capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, portable hard drive, read-only memory (ROM), magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0165] It should be noted that, since the storage medium provided in the embodiments of this application is the storage medium used to implement the methods of the embodiments of this application, those skilled in the art can understand the specific structure and variations of the storage medium based on the methods described in the embodiments of this application, and therefore will not be repeated here. All storage media used in the methods of the embodiments of this application fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0166] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0167] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0168] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0169] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0170] Although preferred embodiments of this application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.

[0171] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A comprehensive energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs, characterized in that, include: The integrated energy module includes a hydrogen energy module, a combined heat and power module, and a gas boiler module, wherein the hydrogen energy module, the combined heat and power module, and the gas boiler module are configured to perform the conversion between electricity, hydrogen, and heat energy; The optimization scheduling module is used to determine the target optimization scheduling strategy based on the integrated energy module and the optimization scheduling model including carbon trading costs, and to control the integrated energy module to execute the target optimization scheduling strategy. The carbon trading cost increases non-linearly with the increase of the carbon emission difference.

2. The integrated energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen energy module includes: An electro-hydrogen production unit, wherein the operating power of the electro-hydrogen production unit satisfies preset upper and lower power limits and ramp rate constraints; A hydrogen storage unit, wherein the capacity of the hydrogen storage unit meets the preset upper and lower capacity limits, and is only in a hydrogen charging state or a hydrogen discharging state during the same period of time. A hydrogen power generation unit, wherein the operating power of the hydrogen power generation unit meets preset upper and lower power limits and ramp rate constraints.

3. The integrated energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The electro-hydrogen production unit satisfies the following constraint expression during the hydrogen production process: ； In the formula, E H,EL (t) represents the hydrogen gas generated at time t; E e,EL (t) represents the electrical energy consumed in the electrolysis of water at time t; η EL E is the hydrogen energy conversion coefficient. e,HFC,max E represents the rated power of the electrical energy consumed. ramp,EL The upper limit of the ramp rate for hydrogen production; The hydrogen storage unit satisfies the following constraint expression: ； In the formula, S h (t) represents the hydrogen storage capacity at time t; S h,max S h,min C represents the upper and lower limits of hydrogen energy storage capacity. h This represents the maximum capacity for hydrogen energy storage. η h η is the initial capacity scaling factor for hydrogen energy storage; c η d The charging and discharging efficiency of hydrogen energy storage; E h,cha,ES (t), E h,dis,ES (t) represents the charging and discharging efficiency of hydrogen storage at time t; B h,cha,ES (t), B h,dis,ES (t) represents the state parameters of hydrogen energy storage at time t, including charging and discharging, where B h,cha,ES (t) being 1 indicates that the hydrogen storage tank is in a charging state, and being 0 indicates that it is in a discharging state. If B h,dis,ES (t) being 1 indicates a discharge state, and being 0 indicates a charging state; E h,max Maximum charging and discharging power for hydrogen storage tanks; The hydrogen power generation unit satisfies the following constraint expression: ； In the formula, E e,HFC (t), E h,HFC (t) represents the electrical and thermal energy generated by burning hydrogen at time t; E H,HFC (t) represents the hydrogen energy consumed at time t; η e,HFC η h,HFC E is the energy conversion coefficient between electrical and thermal energy. H,HFC,max The upper limit of hydrogen energy consumed by the equipment in burning hydrogen; γ HFC,max γ HFC,min E represents the upper and lower limits of the thermoelectric ratio. ramp,HFC This represents the upper limit of the climbing rate.

4. The integrated energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon trading cost is the sum of the products of carbon emissions within each carbon emission difference range and the carbon trading price within the corresponding range. Different carbon emission difference ranges correspond to different carbon trading costs, and the carbon trading cost increases as the carbon emission difference increases.

5. The integrated energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The mathematical expression for the carbon emission difference is: ； in, ； ； In the formula, Carbon quotas for integrated energy systems; Actual carbon emissions; γ e γ c γ g β represents the carbon quota coefficient for electricity purchased, combined heat and power (CHP) equipment, and gas-fired boilers; β represents the carbon quota coefficient for electricity generated by CHP equipment. For the purchase of electricity for the integrated energy system, E h,CHP E represents the heat generated by the combined heat and power (CHP) equipment. e,CHP E represents the power output of a combined heat and power (CHP) unit. h,GB This refers to the heat output of a gas-fired boiler.

6. The integrated energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The objective function of the optimized scheduling model is expressed as follows: ； in, ； ； ； In the formula, F is the objective function; C buy Energy purchase cost; C wind Cost of wind curtailment; For carbon trading costs; θ e The unit price of electricity; θ g Price per unit of gas; E e,buy (t), E g,buy (t) represents the electricity and gas purchases at time t, respectively; θ wind The price per unit of abandoned air volume; The predicted output of wind power at time t. Let t be the actual output power of the wind power. For carbon emissions trading volume, λ represents the carbon trading cost; λ represents the carbon trading base price.

7. The integrated energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The optimized scheduling model also includes electrical energy balance constraints, thermal energy balance constraints, gas energy balance constraints, and hydrogen energy balance constraints, among which: Power balance constraints include: ； In the formula, E e,load (t) represents the electrical load consumed by the user during time period t; E e,EL (t) represents the electrical energy consumed by the hydrogen electrolysis equipment during time period t; E ES1,cha (t), E ES1,dis (t) represents the electrical energy charged and discharged during time period t; P DG (t) represents the electrical energy supplied by wind power during time period t; E e,CHP (t) represents the electrical energy generated by the combined heat and power (CHP) equipment during time period t; E e,HFC (t) represents the electrical energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell during time period t; E e,buy (t) represents the electrical energy purchased by the system at time t; Thermal balance constraints include: ； In the formula, E h,load (t) represents the heat load consumed by the user during time period t; E h,GB (t) represents the heat energy generated by the gas-fired boiler during time period t; E ES2,cha (t), E ES2,dis (t) represents the thermal energy stored in the thermal energy storage during time period t; E h,CHP (t) represents the heat energy generated by the combined heat and power (CHP) equipment during time period t; E h,HFC (t) represents the thermal energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell during time period t; Gas energy balance constraints include: ； In the formula, E g,load (t) represents the gas load consumed by the user during time period t; E g,buy (t) represents the gas energy purchased by the system at time t; E ES3,cha (t), E ES3,dis (t) represents the gas energy stored in the gas storage during time period t; E CHP,g (t) represents the gas energy consumed by the combined heat and power (CHP) equipment during time period t; E GB,g (t) represents the gas energy consumed by the gas boiler during time period t; Hydrogen energy balance constraints include: ； In the formula, E H,EL (t) represents the hydrogen energy produced by the hydrogen electrolysis equipment at time t; E H,HFC (t) represents the hydrogen energy consumed by the hydrogen fuel cell at time t; E ES4,cha (t), E ES4,dis (t) represents the amount of hydrogen energy that is charged and released during the hydrogen storage period t.

8. The integrated energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical and thermal energy produced by the combined heat and power module shall meet the following constraints: ； In the formula, E e,CHP (t), E h,CHP (t) represents the electrical and thermal energy generated at time t; E g,HFC (t) represents the gas energy consumed at time t; η e,CHP E is the electrical energy conversion factor. g,HFC,max This represents the upper limit of energy consumption; γ CHP,max , γ CHP,min The upper and lower limits of the adjustable thermoelectric ratio; E ramp,CHP Upper limit of climbing speed The gas-fired boiler module satisfies the following constraints during the process of generating heat energy from gas: ； In the formula, E h,GB (t) represents the heat generated at time t; E g,GB (t) represents the natural gas consumed at time t; η GB E is the thermal energy conversion coefficient. g,GB,max This is the upper limit for natural gas consumption; E ramp,GB This is the upper limit of the rate at which gas energy can be consumed for climbing.

9. A scheduling method for an integrated energy system based on hydrogen energy and carbon trading costs as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The scheduling method includes the following steps: The target optimization scheduling strategy is determined based on the integrated energy module and the optimization scheduling module; Control the integrated energy system to execute the target optimization scheduling strategy.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the scheduling method as described in claim 9.

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