Intelligent discharge gap device for transformer neutral point

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of power system relay protection, and discloses a transformer neutral point intelligent discharge gap device which comprises a mounting frame, a first discharge rod, a second discharge rod, a driving mechanism, an environment detection module and a control module. The second discharge end of the second discharge rod is arranged at intervals and oppositely with the first discharge end on the first discharge rod away from the transformer to form a discharge gap; the second discharge rod is slidably mounted on the mounting frame along the axial direction of the second discharge rod; the output part of the driving mechanism is drivingly connected with the second discharge rod and can drive the second discharge rod to approach or move away from the first discharge rod; the environment detection module is mounted on the mounting frame; the control module is electrically connected with the driving mechanism and the environment detection module respectively; the control module is used for receiving the environment parameters detected by the environment detection module and controlling the driving mechanism to drive the second discharge rod to slide according to the environment parameters. The technical problem that the fixed gap discharge characteristics are mismatched due to the dynamic change of the environment parameters is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system relay protection technology, and in particular to a transformer neutral point intelligent discharge gap device. Background Technology

[0002] As the core equipment for energy conversion and transmission in a power system, the safe and stable operation of transformers directly determines the reliability of the power supply. Currently, transformer neutral points generally use fixed-structure discharge gaps for grounding protection. The distance of this gap needs to be manually adjusted by staff when the transformer is de-energized, and then maintained at a fixed value for a long period. However, the discharge characteristics of the discharge gap are extremely sensitive to the operating environment: temperature changes cause thermal expansion and contraction of the air medium around the gap, humidity changes alter the insulation strength of the air, and air pollution adheres to the electrode surface and lowers the discharge threshold. These dynamic changes in environmental factors can cause the actual discharge voltage of the same fixed gap to deviate from the preset value.

[0003] The main technical problem with existing technologies is that the discharge gap of a fixed structure cannot dynamically adjust its distance according to changes in environmental parameters. When environmental changes cause the gap discharge threshold to decrease, the transformer neutral point-to-ground voltage has not yet reached the safe discharge setpoint, and the gap experiences unexpected breakdown discharge, which in turn triggers the circuit breaker to trip, causing unnecessary power outages. Existing technologies have failed to solve the technical problem of mismatch in the discharge characteristics of fixed gaps caused by dynamic changes in environmental parameters. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a transformer neutral point intelligent discharge gap device, which solves the technical problem of mismatch of fixed gap discharge characteristics caused by dynamic changes in environmental parameters.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A transformer neutral point intelligent discharge gap device includes: a mounting frame, a first discharge rod, a second discharge rod, a drive mechanism, an environmental detection module, and a control module.

[0006] The first discharge rod is mounted on the mounting frame and supported by the mounting frame; the first connection end of the first discharge rod is used to electrically connect to the neutral point of the transformer. The second connection end of the second discharge rod is used for electrical connection of the gap current transformer. The second discharge end of the second discharge rod is spaced apart from and opposite to the first discharge end of the first discharge rod that is away from the transformer, so as to form a discharge gap. The second discharge rod is slidably mounted on the mounting bracket along its own axial direction so as to change the size of the discharge gap. The output of the drive mechanism is connected to the second discharge rod and can drive the second discharge rod to move closer to or away from the first discharge rod. The environmental monitoring module is installed on the mounting frame and is used to monitor the temperature, and / or humidity, and / or air pollution level of the transformer's operating environment in real time. The control module is electrically connected to the drive mechanism and the environmental detection module respectively; the control module is used to receive environmental parameters detected by the environmental detection module, and control the drive mechanism to drive the second discharge rod to slide according to the environmental parameters.

[0007] Furthermore, the transformer neutral point intelligent discharge gap device also includes a housing, which is mounted on the mounting frame and has a mounting cavity inside; the second connecting end is mounted in the mounting cavity, and the second discharge end extends through the side wall of the housing to the outside of the housing; the drive mechanism and the control module are both mounted in the mounting cavity, and the environmental detection module is mounted on the bottom of the housing facing the discharge gap.

[0008] Furthermore, the driving mechanism includes a servo motor, a ball screw, and a guide rail; the output shaft of the servo motor drives and connects to the ball screw, the second discharge rod is connected to a slider, the slider is connected to the nut of the ball screw and moves synchronously with the nut; the guide rail is arranged parallel to the ball screw, and the slider is slidably connected to the guide rail.

[0009] Furthermore, the drive mechanism also includes limit switches, which are installed at both ends of the guide rail and are electrically connected to the servo motor.

[0010] Furthermore, the intelligent discharge gap device for the neutral point of a transformer also includes a cleaning module, which includes a first cleaning brush, a connecting rod, and a second cleaning brush. The first cleaning brush is disposed around the first discharge rod and is connected to the slider via the connecting rod, so that when the slider slides along the guide rail, the first cleaning brush slides synchronously along the axial direction of the first discharge rod to clean the outer surface of the first discharge rod. The second cleaning brush is disposed around the second discharge rod and installed on the outside of the housing, so that it can clean the outer surface of the second discharge rod when the second discharge rod moves.

[0011] Furthermore, both the first cleaning brush and the second cleaning brush include an outer ring, an annular inner brush, and multiple ball bearing rods; the outer ring of the first cleaning brush is sleeved on the outside of the first discharge rod, and the outer ring of the second cleaning brush is sleeved on the outside of the second discharge rod; the annular inner brush abuts against the outer surface of the first discharge rod or the second discharge rod; the multiple ball bearing rods extend radially inward along the corresponding outer ring, and the multiple ball bearing rods are distributed circumferentially at intervals along the corresponding outer ring, and the multiple ball bearing rods are embedded in the corresponding annular inner brush; the end of each ball bearing rod is provided with a rotatable ball, and the ball rolling abuts against the outer surface of the first discharge rod or the second discharge rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the intelligent discharge gap device for the neutral point of a transformer also includes a data storage module and / or a communication module; the data storage module is installed in the mounting cavity and electrically connected to the control module, and the data storage module is used to record the environmental parameters and the size of the discharge gap in real time; the communication module is installed in the mounting cavity and electrically connected to the control module, and the communication module adopts wireless communication to transmit the environmental parameters to the background monitoring system in real time.

[0013] Furthermore, the environmental monitoring module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and an air pollution level sensor.

[0014] Furthermore, the temperature sensor is a PT1000 high-precision sensor with a measurement range of -40℃ to 80℃; the humidity sensor is a capacitive humidity sensor with a measurement range of 0 to 100%RH; and the air pollution sensor is a laser dust sensor with a measurement range of 0 to 1000 μg / m³. 3 .

[0015] Furthermore, both the first discharge rod and the second discharge rod are components made of copper alloy, and both the surface of the first discharge rod and the second discharge rod are provided with a polished layer; the opposite ends of the first discharge rod and the second discharge rod are both pointed structures.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Based on the real-time acquisition of multi-dimensional environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity and air pollution level by the environmental detection module, and combined with the comprehensive analysis and logical judgment of these parameters by the control module, this device can dynamically sense the changes in the insulation state of the microenvironment in which the discharge gap is located. This solves the technical problem of mismatch in the discharge characteristics of the fixed gap caused by dynamic changes in environmental parameters, and avoids the breakdown voltage drift phenomenon that occurs in traditional fixed gap devices when the environment changes abruptly.

[0017] 2. Based on the control module issuing action commands to the drive mechanism according to environmental parameters, and the drive mechanism driving the second discharge rod to slide relative to the first discharge rod along its own axis, this device forms a complete "environmental perception-logic decision-mechanical execution" closed-loop adjustment circuit, realizing real-time dynamic tracking of the discharge gap distance to changes in the operating environment, so that the breakdown voltage characteristics of the discharge gap always maintain real-time matching with the transformer neutral point overvoltage protection setting under the current environmental conditions, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the protection action.

[0018] 3. Based on the fact that the second discharge rod is slidably mounted on the mounting frame and directly driven by the output of the drive mechanism, compared with manual adjustment or fixed structure, this device can continuously change the gap distance according to the changing trend of environmental parameters, rather than being limited to a few fixed positions. This expands the device's adaptability to different climatic conditions and pollution levels, effectively balancing the anti-maloperation performance under high insulation strength requirements and the reliable breakdown performance under low insulation strength conditions, and realizing active, high-precision stepless adjustment of the discharge gap size.

[0019] 4. Based on the stable support of the mounting frame for the first and second discharge rods, the complete electrical path between the first discharge rod connecting the transformer neutral point and the second discharge rod connecting the gap current transformer, and the coordinated relationship between the environmental detection module, the control module and the drive mechanism, this device achieves fully automated intelligent control of the transformer neutral point discharge gap without the need for manual on-site intervention. This reduces the labor intensity and safety risks for maintenance personnel who need to manually adjust the gap on-site due to severe weather, and provides reliable technical support for the subsequent intelligent upgrade of overvoltage protection equipment in unattended substations. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a transformer neutral point intelligent discharge gap device according to the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A sectional view; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of a portion at point A; Figure 4 for Figure 1 The image shows a cross-sectional view of the first cleaning brush.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Mounting bracket; 2. First discharge rod; 201. First connecting end; 202. First discharge end; 3. Second discharge rod; 301. Second connecting end; 302. Second discharge end; 303. Slider; 4. Gap current transformer; 5. Drive mechanism; 501. Servo motor; 502. Ball screw; 503. Guide rail; 504. Limit switch; 6. Environmental detection module; 61. Temperature sensor; 62. Humidity sensor; 63. Air pollution sensor; 7. Control module; 8. Housing; 801. Mounting cavity; 9. Cleaning module; 901. First cleaning brush; 902. Connecting rod; 903. Second cleaning brush; 904. Outer ring; 905. Annular inner brush; 906. Ball rod; 9061. Ball; 10. Data storage module; 11. Communication module. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0023] It should be noted that when an element is described as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is described as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementations.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0025] See Figures 1-4 The present invention provides a transformer neutral point intelligent discharge gap device, comprising: a mounting frame 1, a first discharge rod 2, a second discharge rod 3, a drive mechanism 5, an environmental detection module 6, and a control module 7.

[0026] The first discharge rod 2 is mounted on and supported by the mounting frame 1; the first connecting end 201 of the first discharge rod 2 is used to electrically connect to the neutral point of the transformer. The mounting frame 1, as the basic load-bearing component of the entire device, is made of high-strength insulating material or metal material and is fixedly installed on the ground or frame near the transformer; the first discharge rod 2 is fixedly installed on the mounting frame 1 and is stably supported by the mounting frame 1. The first discharge rod 2 has two opposite ends, wherein the first connecting end 201 is electrically connected to the neutral point output terminal of the transformer through a wire to introduce the neutral point potential.

[0027] The second connection end 301 of the second discharge rod 3 is used to electrically connect the gap current transformer 4. The second discharge end 302 of the second discharge rod 3 is spaced apart from and opposite to the first discharge end 202 of the first discharge rod 2, which is away from the transformer, to form a discharge gap. The second discharge rod 3 also has two opposite ends. Its second connection end 301 is used to electrically connect to the input end of the gap current transformer 4 to provide a current detection path when the gap breaks down. The portion of the second discharge rod 3 away from the second connection end 301 forms the second discharge end 302. This second discharge end 302 is spaced apart from and opposite to the first discharge end 202 of the first discharge rod 2 (i.e., the end of the first discharge rod 2 away from the transformer neutral point). The space between the first discharge end 202 and the second discharge end 302 constitutes the discharge gap of the device. The second discharge rod 3 is slidably mounted on the mounting bracket 1 along its own axial direction to change the size of the discharge gap. By changing the axial position of the second discharge rod 3 relative to the first discharge rod 2, the distance between the first discharge end 202 and the second discharge end 302 can be controllably increased or decreased, that is, the size of the discharge gap can be changed.

[0028] The output of the drive mechanism 5 is connected to the second discharge rod 3 and can drive the second discharge rod 3 to move closer to or away from the first discharge rod 2. The drive mechanism 5 is fixedly mounted on the mounting bracket 1, and its power output is connected to the second discharge rod 3. After receiving an external control command, the drive mechanism 5 can output a linear driving force to push the second discharge rod 3 to slide back and forth along its own axis, thereby causing the second discharge end 302 to move closer to or away from the first discharge end 202.

[0029] An environmental monitoring module 6 is mounted on the mounting frame 1. The environmental monitoring module 6 is used to monitor the temperature, and / or humidity, and / or air pollution level of the transformer's operating environment in real time. The environmental monitoring module 6 is installed at a predetermined position on the mounting frame 1, with its detection probe exposed to the atmospheric environment. The environmental monitoring module 6 is used to collect environmental parameters from the transformer's operating site in real time, including at least one or more of temperature, humidity, and air pollution level parameters. The environmental monitoring module 6 can convert these physical quantities into identifiable electrical signals.

[0030] The control module 7 is electrically connected to the drive mechanism 5 and the environmental detection module 6. The control module 7 receives environmental parameters detected by the environmental detection module 6 and controls the drive mechanism 5 to slide the second discharge rod 3 according to these parameters. The control module 7 is the core data processing and control unit of this device. During operation, the control module 7 receives environmental parameter signals from the environmental detection module 6 in real time and analyzes and calculates these parameters according to internally preset judgment strategies or mapping relationships. When the control module 7 determines that the current environmental conditions (such as high temperature, high humidity, or high pollution) cause a change in air insulation strength, it actively sends an action command to the drive mechanism 5 based on the calculated target gap value. The drive mechanism 5 then drives the second discharge rod 3 to slide to the target position according to this command, thereby adjusting the discharge gap to a safe distance that matches the environmental parameters.

[0031] The working principle of the intelligent discharge gap device for transformer neutral point of the present invention is as follows: After the device is powered on, the environmental detection module 6 continuously collects environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity and air pollution level at the transformer operating site and converts them into electrical signals and transmits them to the control module 7. The control module 7 analyzes and calculates these real-time environmental parameters according to the built-in preset judgment strategy to determine the optimal discharge gap distance to be maintained under the current environmental conditions. Then, it sends an action command to the drive mechanism 5. The output part of the drive mechanism 5 pushes the second discharge rod 3 to slide relative to the first discharge rod 2 along its own axis, so that the second discharge end 302 moves closer to or further away from the first discharge end 202, thereby dynamically adjusting the size of the discharge gap to the target value that matches the current environmental parameters, thus forming a closed-loop adjustment process of "environmental perception-logical decision-mechanical execution". This ensures that the breakdown voltage characteristics of the discharge gap always maintain a real-time match with the overvoltage protection setting of the transformer neutral point under different climate and pollution conditions, effectively overcoming the defect of fixed gap devices that cause protection to malfunction or fail to operate due to environmental changes.

[0032] Based on the real-time acquisition of multi-dimensional environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity and air pollution level by the environmental monitoring module 6, and combined with the comprehensive analysis and logical judgment of these parameters by the control module 7, this device can dynamically sense the changes in the insulation state of the microenvironment in which the discharge gap is located. This solves the technical problem of mismatch in the discharge characteristics of the fixed gap caused by dynamic changes in environmental parameters, and avoids the breakdown voltage drift phenomenon that occurs in traditional fixed gap devices when the environment changes abruptly.

[0033] Based on the control module 7 issuing action commands to the drive mechanism 5 according to environmental parameters, and the drive mechanism 5 driving the second discharge rod 3 to slide relative to the first discharge rod 2 along its own axis, this device forms a complete "environmental perception-logic decision-mechanical execution" closed-loop adjustment circuit, realizing real-time dynamic tracking of the discharge gap distance to changes in the operating environment, so that the breakdown voltage characteristics of the discharge gap always maintain real-time matching with the transformer neutral point overvoltage protection setting under the current environmental conditions, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the protection action.

[0034] Based on the second discharge rod 3 being slidably mounted on the mounting frame 1 and directly driven by the output of the drive mechanism 5, compared to manual adjustment or fixed structures, this device can continuously change the gap distance according to the changing trend of environmental parameters, rather than being limited to a few fixed positions. This expands the device's adaptability to different climatic conditions and pollution levels, effectively balancing the anti-maloperation performance under high insulation strength requirements with the reliable breakdown performance under low insulation strength conditions, and realizing active, high-precision stepless adjustment of the discharge gap size.

[0035] Based on the stable support of the mounting frame 1 for the first discharge rod 2 and the second discharge rod 3, the complete electrical path connecting the first discharge rod 2 to the transformer neutral point and the second discharge rod 3 to the gap current transformer 4, and the coordinated relationship between the environmental detection module 6, the control module 7 and the drive mechanism 5, this device achieves fully automated intelligent control of the transformer neutral point discharge gap without the need for manual on-site intervention. This not only reduces the labor intensity and safety risks of maintenance personnel having to manually adjust the gap on-site due to severe weather, but also provides reliable technical support for the subsequent intelligent upgrade of overvoltage protection equipment in unattended substations.

[0036] Specifically, control module 7 uses a digital control chip (such as a microcontroller, DSP, or ARM processor) in conjunction with software algorithms to analyze environmental parameters and drive control. Alternatively, control module 7 can also use a combination of analog and digital logic circuits to achieve the above functions. For example, a comparator circuit can compare the electrical signal output by environmental detection module 6 with a preset threshold, and the logic gate circuit can directly control the action of drive mechanism 5 based on the comparison result. Analog circuit solutions do not require software programming, have fast response speeds, and are suitable for applications with relatively simple control logic.

[0037] Preferably, a transformer neutral point intelligent discharge gap device further includes a housing 8, which is mounted on a mounting frame 1 and has a mounting cavity 801 inside. A second connecting end 301 is installed in the mounting cavity 801, and a second discharge end 302 extends through the side wall of the housing 8 to the outside of the housing 8. The drive mechanism 5 and the control module 7 are both installed in the mounting cavity 801, and the environmental detection module 6 is installed on the bottom of the housing 8 facing the discharge gap. The sealed housing 8 protects the connecting end of the second discharge rod 3, the drive mechanism 5, and the control module 7, as well as other precision electrical components, allowing only the second discharge end 302 to protrude. At the same time, the environmental detection module 6 is installed on the bottom of the housing 8 and faces the discharge gap. The housing 8 forms a physical barrier for the core precision components, effectively isolating outdoor rain, snow, dust, and small animals from intrusion, thus improving the reliability of the device under harsh weather conditions. The environmental detection module 6 is installed oriented towards the discharge gap to ensure that the collected temperature, humidity, and pollution data accurately reflect the real-time state of the microenvironment at the gap, avoiding deviations caused by the sensor being far from the discharge area, thus ensuring the authenticity of the closed-loop control accuracy from the source.

[0038] Preferably, the drive mechanism 5 includes a servo motor 501, a ball screw 502, and a guide rail 503. The output shaft of the servo motor 501 drives the ball screw 502. The second discharge rod 3 is connected to a slider 303, which is connected to the nut of the ball screw 502 and moves synchronously with the nut. The guide rail 503 is arranged parallel to the ball screw 502, and the slider 303 is slidably connected to the guide rail 503. The servo motor 501 outputs rotational torque, which converts the rotational motion into high-precision linear motion through the ball screw 502. The screw nut drives the slider 303, which is fixed thereon, to slide smoothly along the guide rail 503, and the second discharge rod 3 moves axially synchronously with the slider 303. The combination of ball screw 502 and guide rail 503 can accurately convert the rotation angle of servo motor 501 into micron-level linear displacement, providing a mechanical basis for fine stepless adjustment of the gap. The adjustment resolution is far higher than that of traditional gear rack or screw nut structures. The ball screw 502 has excellent reverse self-locking characteristics. After the servo motor 501 is powered off or the brake is released, the second discharge rod 3 can stay stably in the current position and will not retract or drift due to equipment vibration or its own gravity, ensuring the long-term stability of the gap size in the non-adjustment state.

[0039] As an alternative, the drive mechanism 5 can also use a linear motor. The mover of the linear motor is directly fixedly connected to the second discharge rod 3 or the slider 303, and the second discharge rod 3 is directly driven to reciprocate linearly along the axial direction by the energization of the linear motor. The advantage of using a linear motor is that it eliminates intermediate transmission components such as lead screws and nuts, resulting in a more compact structure and a shorter transmission chain, which is beneficial to improving response speed and control accuracy. As another alternative, the drive mechanism 5 can also use a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder. The piston rod end of the hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder is driven and connected to the second discharge rod 3. By controlling the liquid / air intake of the hydraulic or pneumatic system, the piston rod is driven to slide the second discharge rod 3. The hydraulic or pneumatic drive scheme is suitable for applications where the adjustment speed requirement is not high but the output force requirement is large. In addition, the servo motor 501 can also be replaced with a stepper motor. Stepper motors can also provide precise angular displacement control and can achieve open-loop positioning without closed-loop feedback, resulting in relatively low control costs. When selecting a stepper motor, appropriate microstepping drive technology should be used to ensure that the displacement accuracy meets the requirements of gap adjustment.

[0040] Besides using a ball screw 502 to convert rotary motion into linear motion, a rack and pinion mechanism can also be used as an alternative. The output shaft of the servo motor 501 or stepper motor is connected to the driving gear, and a rack that meshes with the driving gear is fixedly mounted on the second discharge rod 3 or slider 303. The rotation of the gear drives the rack and the second discharge rod 3 to move linearly along the axial direction. Alternatively, a worm gear mechanism can be used. The output shaft of the servo motor 501 or stepper motor is connected to a worm, and the second discharge rod 3 or slider 303 has a worm wheel or rack structure that meshes with the worm. The rotation of the worm drives the second discharge rod 3 to slide. Worm gear mechanisms have a large transmission ratio and good self-locking performance, making them suitable for applications requiring a large reduction ratio and high requirements for reverse self-locking.

[0041] Preferably, the drive mechanism 5 further includes limit switches 504, which are installed at both ends of the guide rail 503 and electrically connected to the servo motor 501. Limit switches 504 are installed at the two extreme travel endpoints of the guide rail 503. When the slider 303 reaches its extreme position and touches the switch, the switch immediately cuts off the power to the servo motor 501 or sends an emergency stop signal to the control module 7. This provides the drive mechanism 5 with hardware-level overtravel protection independent of software logic. When the control module 7 mistakenly issues a continuous action command due to abnormal conditions such as program crashes, signal interference, or system freezes, the limit switches 504 can forcibly interrupt the power circuit, effectively preventing the second discharge rod 3 from excessively advancing and damaging the first discharge rod 2, or excessively retracting and detaching from the guide rail 503, fundamentally avoiding mechanical damage accidents.

[0042] Preferably, a transformer neutral point intelligent discharge gap device further includes a cleaning module 9, which includes a first cleaning brush 901, a connecting rod 902, and a second cleaning brush 903. The first cleaning brush 901 is disposed around the first discharge rod 2 and is connected to the slider 303 via the connecting rod 902, so that when the slider 303 slides along the guide rail 503, the first cleaning brush 901 slides synchronously along the axial direction of the first discharge rod 2 to clean the outer surface of the first discharge rod 2. The second cleaning brush 903 is disposed around the second discharge rod 3 and installed on the outside of the housing 8 so that it can clean the outer surface of the second discharge rod 3 when the second discharge rod 3 moves. The first cleaning brush 901 is fitted over the first discharge rod 2 and fixed to the slider 303 via the connecting rod 902. The second cleaning brush 903 is fitted over the second discharge rod 3 and fixed to the side wall of the housing 8. When the drive mechanism 5 pushes the second discharge rod 3 to slide for "gap adjustment", the slider 303 will synchronously pull the first cleaning brush 901 to slide and rub along the surface of the first discharge rod 2. At the same time, the second discharge rod 3 itself will generate relative displacement with respect to the second cleaning brush 903 fixed on the housing 8, thereby achieving synchronous cleaning of the surfaces of the two discharge rods. Utilizing "adjustment motion" as the sole power source for cleaning, no additional motor or pneumatic components are required, achieving a self-driven, zero-energy-consumption cleaning function. The structure is extremely simple and highly reliable. It can promptly scrape away conductive dirt layers (such as salt spray crystals and industrial dust adhesion) and metal oxide films formed on the surface of the discharge rod due to long-term outdoor exposure, effectively maintaining the cleanliness and smoothness of the electrode surface, preventing local abnormal corona discharge or random drift of breakdown voltage due to surface dirt, ensuring the accuracy of the discharge action and the long service life of the electrode.

[0043] Preferably, both the first cleaning brush 901 and the second cleaning brush 903 include an outer ring 904, an annular inner brush 905, and multiple ball bearing rods 906; the outer ring 904 of the first cleaning brush 901 is sleeved on the outside of the first discharge rod 2, and the outer ring 904 of the second cleaning brush 903 is sleeved on the outside of the second discharge rod 3; the annular inner brush 905 abuts against the outer surface of the first discharge rod 2 or the second discharge rod 3; the multiple ball bearing rods 906 extend radially inward along the corresponding outer ring 904, and the multiple ball bearing rods 906 are distributed circumferentially along the corresponding outer ring 904, and the multiple ball bearing rods 906 are embedded in the corresponding annular inner brush 905; the end of the ball bearing rod 906 is provided with a rotatable ball 9061, and the ball 9061 rolls against the outer surface of the first discharge rod 2 or the second discharge rod 3. The cleaning brush is composed of an outer ring 904, an inner ring brush 905, and multiple circumferentially distributed ball bearing rods 906. The inner ring brush 905 provides scraping cleaning force by closely adhering to the surface of the discharge rod. The balls 9061 at the ends of the ball bearing rods 906 form rolling contact with the surface of the discharge rod, providing support and guidance during sliding. The rolling contact of the balls 9061 replaces the traditional sliding contact, reducing the coefficient of motion friction between the cleaning brush and the discharge rod to an extremely low level. This reduces the additional resistance during the movement of the slider 303, effectively protecting the servo motor 501 and the ball screw 502 from additional load impacts and extending the service life of the drive mechanism 5. The multiple ball bearing rods 906 are evenly distributed circumferentially, providing centering and alignment, ensuring that the cleaning brush remains coaxial with the discharge rod during long-stroke reciprocating sliding. This prevents excessive wear on one side of the inner brush or movement jamming due to skew, resulting in uniform and lasting cleaning force.

[0044] As an alternative configuration, the annular inner brush 905 can be replaced with multiple circumferentially distributed elastic scrapers. One end of each elastic scraper is fixed to the inner wall of the outer ring 904, and the other end elastically abuts against the outer surface of the discharge rod. As the cleaning brush slides along the axial direction of the discharge rod, the elastic scrapers remove dirt from the surface of the discharge rod. Compared to the bristle configuration, the elastic scraper solution has a longer service life and more stable scraping force, making it suitable for applications with high levels of dirt and requiring strong cleaning. The ball bearing rod 906 and ball bearing 9061 can also be replaced with a sliding bearing bushing. This sliding bearing bushing is fitted over the discharge rod, and the outer ring 904 of the cleaning brush slides against the discharge rod through the sliding bearing bushing. The sliding bearing bushing solution has a simpler structure and lower manufacturing cost, making it suitable for applications with shorter adjustment strokes and lower reciprocating frequencies. Alternatively, oil-impregnated bearings or self-lubricating bearing bushings can be used to further reduce the coefficient of friction and maintenance requirements.

[0045] Preferably, a transformer neutral point intelligent discharge gap device further includes a data storage module 10 and / or a communication module 11. The data storage module 10 is installed in the mounting cavity 801 and electrically connected to the control module 7. The data storage module 10 is used to record environmental parameters and the size of the discharge gap in real time. The communication module 11 is installed in the mounting cavity 801 and electrically connected to the control module 7. The communication module 11 uses wireless communication to transmit environmental parameters to the background monitoring system in real time. The data storage module 10 records historical data of environmental parameters and the current gap distance in real time. The communication module 11 uploads real-time data to the background monitoring system via 4G / 5G or WiFi and other wireless methods. The storage function provides the device with "black box" data traceability capability. When the transformer is struck by lightning or subjected to an operational overvoltage, maintenance personnel can retrieve the environmental parameters and gap distance at the time before the accident to assist in fault cause analysis and protection action evaluation. The wireless communication function connects the device to the Internet of Things, enabling maintenance personnel to remotely monitor the status of field equipment from the central control center without frequent on-site inspections, effectively supporting the intelligent operation and maintenance mode of unmanned substations.

[0046] It should also be noted that, in addition to wireless communication, the communication module 11 can also use wired communication to transmit real-time data to the back-end monitoring system, such as via RS-485 bus, CAN bus, or Ethernet interface. Wired communication offers higher transmission stability and lower latency in scenarios with existing communication cabling, such as substations, and is not limited by wireless signal coverage. As a further alternative, the communication module 11 can also have both wireless and wired communication interfaces simultaneously, automatically selecting the available communication method based on on-site communication conditions to improve data transmission reliability.

[0047] Preferably, the environmental monitoring module 6 includes a temperature sensor 61, a humidity sensor 62, and an air pollution level sensor 63. This requires the environmental monitoring module 6 to simultaneously cover three types of sensing units: temperature, humidity, and air pollution level. By incorporating all three core physical factors affecting air insulation strength (thermal density change, increased conductivity due to moisture, and electric field distortion caused by suspended particles) into the monitoring system, the decision-making basis of the control module 7 becomes more complete and scientific, avoiding control misjudgments caused by monitoring a single parameter.

[0048] Preferably, the temperature sensor 61 is a PT1000 high-precision sensor with a measurement range of -40℃ to 80℃; the humidity sensor 62 is a capacitive humidity sensor with a measurement range of 0 to 100%RH; and the air pollution sensor 63 is a laser dust sensor with a measurement range of 0 to 1000 μg / m³. 3The selected PT1000 platinum resistance thermometer, capacitive humidity sensor, and laser scattering dust sensor are all mature industrial-grade products, characterized by high precision, low drift, and long lifespan. They can operate stably for extended periods in extreme outdoor temperatures in Chinese substations, ranging from -40°C to 80°C, without requiring frequent calibration or maintenance; 0~1000μg / m³ 3 The dust measurement range covers all scenarios from clean areas to heavily polluted industrial areas, ensuring the universality and engineering applicability of this device in different climate zones and pollution levels across the country.

[0049] As alternative configurations, the temperature sensor 61 can also be a PT100 platinum resistance temperature sensor 61, a thermocouple temperature sensor 61 (such as K-type or T-type thermocouples), or a semiconductor temperature sensor 61 (such as a DS18B20 digital temperature sensor 61). The humidity sensor 62 can also be a resistive humidity sensor 62 or a humidity sensor based on surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology. The resistive humidity sensor 62 detects humidity by utilizing the characteristic that the resistance of the moisture-sensitive material changes with humidity, offering the advantage of lower cost. The SAW humidity sensor 62 features high sensitivity and fast response, making it suitable for applications requiring rapid response to humidity changes. The air pollution sensor 63 can also be an infrared dust sensor or a particle sensor based on the corona discharge principle. The infrared dust sensor detects dust particles by utilizing the scattering of infrared light, resulting in relatively low cost. The corona discharge particle sensor indirectly reflects the concentration of particles in the air by detecting changes in discharge current, making it suitable for pollution monitoring in specific industrial environments.

[0050] Preferably, both the first discharge rod 2 and the second discharge rod 3 are made of copper alloy, and both have a polished layer on their surfaces. The opposite ends of both the first discharge rod 2 and the second discharge rod 3 are pointed. The use of copper alloy ensures excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, while the polished surface reduces micro-roughness. The pointed ends utilize the tip effect to maximize the distortion of the electric field at the gap. The pointed structure and the polished layer work synergistically: the tip firmly locks the discharge breakdown point at a predetermined geometric center, preventing discharge sparks from randomly drifting at the edges or burrs of the rod. The polished layer eliminates micro-points on the surface, avoiding unnecessary corona discharge and energy loss caused by concentrated field strength under normal operating voltage. The copper alloy material has good resistance to arc erosion, and combined with the surface polishing, the discharge rod can maintain a relatively smooth electrode surface even after repeated lightning strikes or operational surge currents, extending the replacement cycle of core vulnerable components and reducing the overall life-cycle maintenance cost.

[0051] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of those different embodiments or examples.

[0052] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0053] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these should all be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A transformer neutral point intelligent discharge gap device, characterized in that, include: Mounting rack; A first discharge rod is mounted on and supported by the mounting frame. The first connection end of the first discharge rod is used to electrically connect to the neutral point of the transformer; The second discharge rod has a second connecting end for electrically connecting a gap current transformer. The second discharge end of the second discharge rod is spaced apart from and opposite to the first discharge end of the first discharge rod that is away from the transformer, so as to form a discharge gap. The second discharge rod is slidably mounted on the mounting bracket along its own axial direction so as to change the size of the discharge gap. A driving mechanism, the output of which is connected to the second discharge rod and can drive the second discharge rod to move closer to or away from the first discharge rod; An environmental monitoring module is installed on the mounting frame and is used to monitor the temperature, and / or humidity, and / or air pollution level of the transformer's operating environment in real time. The control module is electrically connected to the drive mechanism and the environmental detection module respectively; the control module is used to receive environmental parameters detected by the environmental detection module, and control the drive mechanism to drive the second discharge rod to slide according to the environmental parameters.

2. The intelligent discharge gap device for the neutral point of a transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transformer neutral point intelligent discharge gap device further includes a housing, which is mounted on the mounting frame and has a mounting cavity inside; the second connecting end is mounted in the mounting cavity, and the second discharge end extends through the side wall of the housing to the outside of the housing; the driving mechanism and the control module are both mounted in the mounting cavity, and the environmental detection module is mounted on the bottom of the housing facing the discharge gap.

3. The intelligent discharge gap device for the neutral point of a transformer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving mechanism includes a servo motor, a ball screw, and a guide rail; the output shaft of the servo motor drives and connects to the ball screw, the second discharge rod is connected to a slider, the slider is connected to the nut of the ball screw and moves synchronously with the nut; the guide rail is arranged parallel to the ball screw, and the slider is slidably connected to the guide rail.

4. The intelligent discharge gap device for the neutral point of a transformer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The drive mechanism also includes limit switches, which are installed at both ends of the guide rail and are electrically connected to the servo motor.

5. The intelligent discharge gap device for the neutral point of a transformer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The intelligent discharge gap device for the neutral point of a transformer further includes a cleaning module, which comprises a first cleaning brush, a connecting rod, and a second cleaning brush. The first cleaning brush is disposed around the first discharge rod and is connected to the slider via the connecting rod, so that when the slider slides along the guide rail, the first cleaning brush slides synchronously along the axial direction of the first discharge rod to clean the outer surface of the first discharge rod. The second cleaning brush is disposed around the second discharge rod and installed on the outside of the housing to clean the outer surface of the second discharge rod when it moves.

6. The intelligent discharge gap device for the neutral point of a transformer according to claim 5, characterized in that, Both the first cleaning brush and the second cleaning brush include an outer ring, an annular inner brush, and multiple ball bearing rods. The outer ring of the first cleaning brush is sleeved around the first discharge rod, and the outer ring of the second cleaning brush is sleeved around the second discharge rod. The annular inner brush abuts against the outer surface of the first or second discharge rod. The multiple ball bearing rods extend radially inward along the corresponding outer ring, and are spaced apart circumferentially along the corresponding outer ring. The multiple ball bearing rods are embedded in the corresponding annular inner brush. The ends of the ball bearing rods are provided with rotatable balls, which roll and abut against the outer surface of the first or second discharge rod.

7. The intelligent discharge gap device for the neutral point of a transformer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The intelligent discharge gap device for transformer neutral point further includes a data storage module and / or a communication module; the data storage module is installed in the mounting cavity and electrically connected to the control module, and the data storage module is used to record the environmental parameters and the size of the discharge gap in real time; the communication module is installed in the mounting cavity and electrically connected to the control module, and the communication module adopts wireless communication to transmit the environmental parameters to the background monitoring system in real time.

8. The intelligent discharge gap device for the neutral point of a transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental monitoring module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and an air pollution sensor.

9. The intelligent discharge gap device for the neutral point of a transformer according to claim 8, characterized in that, The temperature sensor is a PT1000 high-precision sensor with a measurement range of -40℃ to 80℃; the humidity sensor is a capacitive humidity sensor with a measurement range of 0 to 100%RH; and the air pollution sensor is a laser dust sensor with a measurement range of 0 to 1000 μg / m³. 3 .

10. The intelligent discharge gap device for the neutral point of a transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first discharge rod and the second discharge rod are components made of copper alloy, and both the first discharge rod and the second discharge rod have a polished layer on their surfaces; the opposite ends of the first discharge rod and the second discharge rod are both pointed.

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