Swash plate type pull-torque composite loading power battery elastic heat refrigeration system and circulating method

Abstract

The application discloses a swash plate type tension-torsion composite loading power battery elastic heat refrigeration system and a circulating method, and belongs to the technical field of elastic heat refrigeration. The battery elastic heat refrigeration system comprises a rotary drive and energy storage module, a tension-torsion composite loading module, a heat exchange module and a battery cold energy application module. The rotary drive module drives the tension-torsion composite loading module through an output shaft. The tension-torsion composite loading module converts rotary motion into axial stretching through a swash plate mechanism, and automatically generates a circumferential torsion of 10-30 degrees at the end of the axial stroke through a spiral guide connecting mechanism, realizes tension-torsion composite loading on the elastic heat material rod, and improves phase change efficiency. The heat exchange module adopts a single-channel sleeve flow channel and a pre-flushing control strategy, switches the circuit in advance before unloading, and flushes away residual heat at a high flow rate, thereby reducing thermal inertia loss. The system provides efficient cooling for the power battery, and has the advantages of compact structure, simple control and high refrigeration efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a swashplate-type tension-torsion composite loading power battery thermal cooling system and its circulation method, belonging to the field of thermal management technology for power batteries in new energy vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] With the transformation of the global energy structure and the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, the thermal management of power batteries has become one of the key bottlenecks restricting their performance, safety, and lifespan. Traditional electric vehicle battery cooling systems mainly rely on vapor compression refrigeration technology. Although this technology is mature and has high cooling efficiency, it suffers from problems such as complex structure, large space occupation, environmental risks of refrigerants (such as the greenhouse effect), and decreased heating efficiency at low temperatures. Therefore, against the backdrop of global warming, the development of new green and efficient battery thermal management systems with low energy consumption and low / zero global warming potential (GWP) is of paramount importance.

[0003] Among these technologies, solid-state refrigeration based on material field-induced phase change endothermic heat absorption is becoming a key area of ​​development in refrigeration technology due to its high efficiency and zero pollution. The elasto-thermal effect refers to the significant heat absorption and release phenomenon in certain shape memory alloys (such as nickel-titanium alloys) during loading and unloading processes, caused by stress-induced martensitic phase transformation. When the alloy is subjected to external mechanical loads, a martensitic phase transformation occurs, releasing latent heat; when unloaded, a reverse phase transformation occurs, absorbing a large amount of heat, thus producing a cooling effect. Compared with traditional compression refrigeration, elasto-thermal refrigeration has significant advantages such as no refrigerant, zero greenhouse effect, compact structure, and fast response speed, and is therefore considered one of the important development directions for next-generation green refrigeration technology.

[0004] However, given the high critical stress of phase transformation in shape memory alloys such as nickel-titanium (NiTi), existing elastothermal refrigeration devices often rely on complex and bulky mechanical drive mechanisms. This not only limits the cooling power per unit volume but also reduces energy efficiency. For example, Chinese patents CN121140235A and CN121140236A require multi-power source coordinated control, resulting in a complex structure, large system size, and low energy efficiency. Chinese patent CN119492164B uses a thermoacoustic motor with a multi-component transmission structure for drive, resulting in a redundant and bulky overall structure. Chinese patent CN118856655A relies on an electric actuator in conjunction with multiple sets of solenoid valves and pumps, leading to high drive system complexity and further exacerbating the problems of system size and energy consumption.

[0005] Furthermore, existing elastothermal refrigeration technologies still face numerous challenges in engineering applications. Firstly, under single axial tensile or compressive loading modes, the efficiency of latent heat release and absorption in nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys is limited, making it difficult to achieve high power density refrigeration output within a confined space. The single torsional loading mode also suffers from this deficiency. For example, Chinese patent CN119103747A uses only pure torsion to drive shape memory alloy fibers, failing to fully activate the material's phase change potential and limiting the improvement in phase change efficiency. Secondly, the speed difference between loading and unloading processes in the refrigeration system's operating cycle is significant. Rapid unloading is crucial for achieving efficient refrigeration, but traditional mechanical drive methods struggle to balance energy storage and rapid release. For instance, patent CN119103747A relies on a motor to directly drive torsion / untwisting without a corresponding energy storage mechanism, making it impossible to control the speed difference between loading and unloading. Patent CN115854585B uses dual-motor step-by-step drive, making it difficult to achieve precise control of rapid unloading, thus limiting the improvement in refrigeration cycle frequency and energy efficiency. Furthermore, the phase change heat release and endothermic processes of elastothermal materials are highly concentrated in time. How to efficiently separate and manage the flow of hot and cold heat in a very short time is the core challenge in heat exchange system design. For example, patent CN223165751U has a dual SMA bed structure with an overly complex structure and can only achieve intermittent cooling, making it difficult to balance cooling power and cooling temperature range. In addition, patent CN118856655A uses a multi-branch parallel heat exchange loop with a complex flow channel switching logic, which easily causes mixing of hot and cold flow and loss of cooling capacity. Patent CN119103747A has a large thermal inertia in its dual flow channel switching structure, which cannot achieve rapid and accurate separation of hot and cold flow.

[0006] Meanwhile, the demands for battery thermal management in new energy vehicles are becoming increasingly stringent. Power batteries are prone to generating significant heat during fast charging, high-rate discharging, and high-temperature environments. If this heat cannot be dissipated in time, it can lead to capacity decay, shortened lifespan, and even thermal runaway risks. For example, patent CN120926632A's design cannot precisely control the loading / unloading strain rate and holding time, making it difficult to adapt to and optimize thermodynamic cycles. Furthermore, it cannot achieve simultaneous driving of multiple materials, easily leading to material fatigue failure and failing to meet the requirements of automotive thermal management systems. Additionally, patent CN115854585B's multi-layer elastic thermal storage system has a complex and bulky structure; patent CN118856655A's elastic thermal chiller has low integration; and patent CN119492164B's thermoacoustic drive system cannot adapt to the confined space and dynamic operating conditions of vehicles, making deep integration with new energy vehicle battery systems difficult.

[0007] Therefore, developing an elastic-thermal cooling device that can be deeply integrated with battery systems, has a rapid response, and excellent energy efficiency is of great engineering significance and application prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a swashplate-type tension-torsion composite loading power battery elasto-thermal cooling system and its circulation method. By introducing a tension-torsion composite loading mechanism, a torsion spring energy storage and rapid release mechanism, a single-channel high-efficiency heat exchange structure, and the integrated application of a battery cold plate, this system aims to construct a highly efficient, compact, and precisely controllable nickel-titanium elasto-thermal cooling system, providing a novel thermal management approach for new energy vehicle power batteries. This system not only integrates technologies from multiple disciplines such as materials science, mechanical design, and thermal control, but also provides new ideas and implementation methods for the practical application of solid-state refrigeration technology in automotive environments.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention will adopt the following technical solution:

[0010] A swashplate-type tension-torsion composite loading power battery elastic-thermal cooling system includes a rotary drive and energy storage module, a tension-torsion composite loading module, a heat exchange module, and a battery cooling application module. The power output end of the rotary drive and energy storage module is linked to the tension-torsion composite loading module through an output shaft, while the tension-torsion composite loading module achieves heat transfer with the battery cooling application module through the heat exchange module.

[0011] The tension-torsion composite loading module includes an outer guide swashplate, a guide plate, a clamp assembly, an end fixing plate, and a rod made of elastic-thermal material; wherein:

[0012] The guide plate and the end fixing plate are coaxial and arranged parallel to each other. The outer guide swash plate is located on the outside of the guide plate, and the outer surface of the outer guide swash plate is set as an inclined surface.

[0013] The output shaft is linked to the guide swashplate, and can be rotatably connected to the guide plate and the end plate.

[0014] The elastic-thermal material rod has several rods, and one end of each elastic-thermal material rod is a fixed end connected to the end fixed plate, and the other end is a movable end, which is connected to the guide plate and the outer guide plate respectively through the clamp assembly. The clamp assembly and the guide plate are provided with a spiral guide connection mechanism, and the rod is in movable contact with the outer plate surface of the outer guide plate.

[0015] When the output shaft drives the outer guide swashplate to rotate, the clamp assembly moves axially and applies axial tension to the elastic-thermal material rod; when the clamp assembly moves to the end of the axial stroke, the spiral guide connection mechanism forces the clamp assembly to rotate circumferentially, thereby applying an additional torsional angle to the elastic-thermal material rod in the tension state, realizing a combined tension and torsion loading.

[0016] Preferably, the spiral guide connection mechanism includes a guide pin fixed on the guide plate and a spiral groove provided on the clamp assembly; the guide pin extends into the spiral groove and slides with it; when the clamp assembly moves axially to the end of the axial stroke, the interaction between the guide pin and the end of the spiral groove forces the clamp assembly to drive the elastic-thermal material rod in the tension state to rotate circumferentially.

[0017] Preferably, the additional torsion angle is 10° to 30°.

[0018] Preferably, the clamp assembly includes rollers, a helical guide module, and a front guide shaft; wherein:

[0019] The roller makes rolling contact with the swashplate surface of the guide swashplate;

[0020] One end of the spiral guide module is rigidly connected to the elastic-thermal material rod, and the other end is non-rigidly connected to the front guide shaft, and the spiral guide module is provided with the spiral groove.

[0021] The guide plate is provided with matching guide holes for the corresponding spiral guide modules. The spiral guide modules are placed in the guide holes, and guide pins are provided in the guide holes.

[0022] Preferably, the rotary drive and energy storage module includes a motor, an overrunning clutch, and a planar torsion spring, wherein:

[0023] The outer ring of the overrunning clutch is connected to the power output end of the motor, while the inner ring is fixedly connected to the output shaft.

[0024] One end of the planar torsion spring is connected to the inner ring, and the other end is fixed.

[0025] When the motor is driven in the forward direction, the overrunning clutch locks up and drives the inner ring to rotate to torsion the planar torsion spring to store energy.

[0026] When the motor stops driving, the inner and outer rings of the overrunning clutch automatically disengage, and the planar torsion spring releases energy to drive the output shaft to quickly reverse, and the speed of the rapid reverse rotation is higher than the speed at which the motor drives the output shaft to rotate in the forward direction.

[0027] Preferably, the heat exchange module is a single-channel high-efficiency heat exchange module, including a sleeve flow channel, a three-way switching valve, a heat dissipation circuit, and a refrigeration circuit;

[0028] Both ends of the sleeve flow channel are connected to the heat dissipation circuit and the cooling circuit respectively through three-way switching valves;

[0029] The heat dissipation circuit is equipped with a heat pump, an external air-cooled radiator, and a liquid storage tank.

[0030] A refrigeration pump is installed on the refrigeration circuit;

[0031] The sleeve flow channel contains a thermoplastic material rod, and the working fluid directly contacts the inner wall of the sleeve flow channel for heat exchange.

[0032] Preferably, the system also includes a controller configured to: switch the three-way switching valve to the refrigeration circuit before the rotation drive and energy storage module releases energy; control the refrigeration pump to run at a higher flow rate than normal for a pre-rinsing period at the moment unloading begins, so as to remove residual heat in the sleeve channel; and control the refrigeration pump to return to normal flow rate after pre-rinsing, so as to deliver the cooling energy generated by the reverse phase change of the elastothermal material rod to the battery cooling application module.

[0033] Preferably, the early switching is performed 0.2 seconds before energy release; the pre-rinsing time period is 0.5 to 1 second; and the mode with a flow rate higher than normal is 1.5 to 2 times the normal flow rate.

[0034] Preferably, the inlet section of the sleeve flow channel is provided with an inner flow channel extension section as a thermal buffer zone. The length of the extension section is 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the total length of the sleeve flow channel, and the wall thickness of the extension section is increased or aluminum alloy material is used.

[0035] Another technical objective of this invention is to provide a cyclic method for a power battery elastic-thermal-cooling system based on the above-mentioned swashplate-type tension-torsion composite loading system, comprising the following steps:

[0036] Loading and heat dissipation stage: The rotation drive and energy storage module drives the tension-torsion composite loading module to apply tension-torsion composite loading to the elastic-thermal material rod, causing it to undergo a martensitic phase transformation and release heat. The heat exchange module then switches to the heat dissipation circuit to remove the heat.

[0037] Heat retention phase: Stop driving, maintain the loading state, and continue to dissipate heat until the temperature of the elastothermal material rod is close to the ambient temperature;

[0038] Release and Cooling Phase: The rotary drive and energy storage module releases energy to drive the tension-torsion composite loading module to quickly unload the elastothermal material rod, causing it to undergo a reverse phase change and absorb heat. Before energy release, the three-way switching valve of the heat exchange module is switched to the cooling circuit. At the moment of unloading, the cooling pump is controlled to run at a higher flow rate during the pre-rinsing period to remove residual heat in the sleeve channel. After the pre-rinsing is completed, the cooling pump is controlled to return to the normal flow rate and deliver the cooling capacity to the battery cooling application module.

[0039] Reset phase: The fixture assembly resets, and the rotary drive and energy storage module restart the forward drive.

[0040] Based on the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0041] 1. This invention adopts a swashplate-type tension-torsion composite loading mode, which achieves synergistic loading of tension and torsion through the inclined surface structure of the swashplate and the spiral guide groove, fully activating the phase change potential of shape memory alloy, significantly improving the phase change efficiency of elastothermal materials, effectively improving the cooling power per unit volume of the system, and breaking through the performance bottleneck of a single loading mode.

[0042] 2. The present invention adopts a torsion spring energy storage and rapid release mechanism, which can achieve precise control of unloading speed ≥ 2 times loading speed, fully meet the core requirement of rapid unloading for efficient cooling, and significantly improve the cooling cycle frequency and overall system energy efficiency.

[0043] 3. This invention directly integrates the thermal cooling system with the battery cold plate system to form an integrated and compact thermal management system. It is small in size, responds quickly, and has excellent energy efficiency. It is suitable for the space-constrained in-vehicle application scenarios of new energy vehicles and can effectively avoid the risk of thermal runaway under fast charging and high-rate discharging of power batteries. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the 3D model rendering of the inclined plate type tension-torsion composite loading power battery elastic-thermal cooling system of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the rotary drive and energy storage module, wherein: (a) represents a schematic diagram of the rotary drive and energy storage module, and (b) represents a cross-sectional view of the protective shell in (a);

[0046] Figure 3 Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the inclined plate tension-torsion composite loading module.

[0047] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the middle clamp assembly;

[0048] Figure 5 is Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the center guide plate;

[0049] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the connection between the single-channel high-efficiency heat exchange module and the battery cooling application module;

[0050] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the flow channel structure of the intercooler plate;

[0051] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of a single-channel high-efficiency heat exchange module;

[0052] In the diagram: 100, Rotary drive and energy storage module; 101, Motor; 102, Gearbox; 103, Overrunning clutch; 1031, Outer ring; 1032, Inner ring; 104, Planar torsion spring; 105, Output shaft; 106, Protective housing;

[0053] 200. Tension-torsion composite loading module; 201. Sealed inner disc; 202. Guide outer slant disc; 203. Fixture assembly; 2031. Roller; 2032. Front guide shaft; 2033. Spiral guide module; 2034. Rear guide shaft; 2035. Moving end fixture; 204. Guide disc; 2041. Guide hole; 205. End fixture; 206. Nickel-titanium wire bundle;

[0054] 300. Single-channel high-efficiency heat exchange module; 301. Sleeve flow channel; 3011. Inner flow channel; 3012. Sleeve shell; 302. Outer aluminum alloy protective shell; 303. Three-way switching valve; 304. Cooling pump; 305. Refrigeration pump; 306. External air-cooled radiator; 307. Liquid storage tank;

[0055] 400. Battery cooling application module; 401. Cold plate; 4011. Cold plate flow channel; 402. Battery module; 403. Secondary circulation pump; 404. Controller;

[0056] 500, framework. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, expressions, and values ​​of components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0058] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "over," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used here to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figure with other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation besides the orientation of the device as described in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure is inverted, a device described as "above" or "above" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations).

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, the slant-type tension-torsion composite loading power battery elastic-thermal cooling system of the present invention includes a rotary drive and energy storage module 100, a tension-torsion composite loading module 200, a heat exchange module 300, a battery cooling application module 400, and a frame 500. The frame 500 is divided into upper and lower layers. The rotary drive and energy storage module 100, the tension-torsion composite loading module 200, and the heat exchange module 300 are arranged in the upper layer of the frame, while the battery cooling application module 400 is arranged in the lower layer of the frame 500. The power output end of the rotary drive and energy storage module 100 is linked to the tension-torsion composite loading module 200 through an output shaft 105. The tension-torsion composite loading module 200 achieves heat transfer with the battery cooling application module 400 through the heat exchange module 300.

[0060] The components of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown, the rotary drive and energy storage module 100 of the present invention is used to provide rotary drive force and realize mechanical energy storage and rapid release. The motor 101 drives the overrunning clutch 103 and the planar torsion spring 104 to store energy during forward rotation. During the unloading stage, the planar torsion spring 104 releases energy to drive the output shaft 105 to rotate in the reverse direction at high speed, realizing "slow loading and fast unloading" to match the high-speed requirement of the elastothermal material's reverse phase change heat absorption.

[0062] Specifically, the rotary drive and energy storage module 100 includes a motor 101, a reduction gearbox 102, an overrunning clutch 103, a planar torsion spring 104, an output shaft 105, and a cylindrical protective housing 106. The overrunning clutch 103 includes an outer ring 1031 and an inner ring 1032, with the inner ring 1032 fixedly connected to the output shaft 105. One end of the planar torsion spring 104 is connected to the inner ring 1032 of the overrunning clutch, and the other end is connected to the protective housing 106.

[0063] When the motor 101 starts, it drives the outer ring of the overrunning clutch 103 to rotate forward through the reduction gearbox 102. The internal locking of the overrunning clutch 103 drives the inner ring to rotate synchronously. Since the outer end of the planar torsion spring 104 is fixed to the protective shell 106, the inner ring is constrained by the torsion spring and drives the planar torsion spring 104 to twist and store energy. When the torsion angle of the torsion spring reaches the preset value, the motor 101 stops driving, and the overrunning clutch 103 remains locked in the forward torsion direction, so that the torque of the torsion spring is maintained. After the motor stops driving forward, the inner and outer rings of the overrunning clutch 103 automatically disengage, and the planar torsion spring 104 releases energy, driving the output shaft 105 to quickly reverse. The speed of the rapid reverse rotation is higher than the speed at which the motor 101 drives the output shaft 105 to rotate forward through the reduction gearbox 102, so as to achieve an unloading speed of the elastothermal material that is faster than the loading speed.

[0064] like Figures 3-5 , Figure 8 As shown, the tension-torsion composite loading module of this invention is specifically a swashplate-type tension-torsion composite loading module, used to convert the rotational motion output by the rotational drive and energy storage module 100 into axial tension on the elasto-thermal material rod 206, and automatically apply circumferential torsion at the end of its axial stroke to achieve tension-torsion composite loading. This improves the martensitic phase transformation efficiency of the elasto-thermal material (such as nickel-titanium wire bundle) and increases the heat release / absorption.

[0065] Specifically, the tension-torsion composite loading module includes a sealed inner disc 201, a guide outer inclined disc 202, a clamp assembly 203, a guide disc 204, and an end clamp 205 (configured as a disc-shaped structure, i.e., an end fixing disc), wherein:

[0066] The sealed inner disk 201 is used to form a sealed liquid working fluid flow environment with the heat exchange module 300. The guide outer inclined disk 202 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the output shaft 105, and its outer disk surface is set as an inclined surface; the guide disk 204 is coupled to the sealed inner disk 201, and neither of them rotates with the output shaft 105. The guide disk 204 has a hollow structure (guide hole 2041) matching the number of clamp assemblies 203, and each guide hole 2041 is embedded with a guide pin; the end clamp 205 is integrated into a disc structure, which is an adjustable structure, used to provide preload or adapt to elastic thermoplastic material rods 206 of different lengths (in this embodiment, nickel-titanium shape memory alloy wire bundles are used).

[0067] The fixture assembly 203 includes a roller 2031, a spiral guide module 2032, a front guide shaft 2033, a rear guide shaft 2034, and a moving end fixture 2035. The roller 2031 is in close contact with the inclined surface of the outer guide swashplate 202. The spiral guide module 2032 is rigidly connected to the rear guide shaft 2034 and non-rigidly connected to the front guide shaft 2033 (e.g., using a clearance fit with a sliding bearing). The outer surface of the spiral guide module 2032 is provided with a spiral groove, which slides in engagement with the guide pin on the guide plate 204. The rear guide shaft 2034 and the moving end fixture 2035 are connected by a spline to transmit circumferential rotation and allow axial relative sliding. The moving end fixture 2035 holds the moving end of the elastic-thermal material rod 206. The front guide shaft 2033 passes through the central holes of the spiral guide module 2032 and the rear guide shaft 2034. One end of the front guide shaft 2033 engages with a flat hole on the sealing inner disk 201 or the guide disk 204, allowing the front guide shaft 2033 to slide axially but not rotate circumferentially. An axial limiting mechanism (e.g., an annular boss or an elastic retaining ring) is provided in the flat hole of the sealing inner disk 201. The tail end of the front guide shaft 2033 passes through the flat hole and can slide axially. When the overall fixture 203 moves forward, the front guide shaft moves forward accordingly. When the tail end of the front guide shaft touches the axial limiting mechanism, the overall fixture cannot move forward further. This is the end of the axial stroke of the overall fixture. The elastic-thermal material rod 206 is stretched to a predetermined maximum value, and at the same time, the guide pin on the spiral guide module 2032 enters the steep angle section at the end of the spiral groove, triggering torsion.

[0068] The elastic-thermal material rod 206 has several rods (eight rods in this embodiment, evenly distributed along the circumference). One end of each elastic-thermal material rod 206 is a fixed end, which is fixedly connected to the end clamp 205, and the other end is a movable end, which is fixedly connected to the movable end clamp 2035.

[0069] Working process: When the output shaft 105 rotates, it drives the outer guide swashplate 202 to rotate synchronously. The roller 2031 rolls along the inclined plane, pushing the clamp assembly 203 to make periodic axial reciprocating motion under the constraint of the front guide shaft 2033. The moving end clamp 2035 applies axial tension / reset to the elastic-thermal material rod 206. When the elastic-thermal material rod 206 is axially stretched to the predetermined maximum value, the torsional compression of the elastic-thermal material rod 206 is triggered. Finally, it is axially reset to the initial state. In other words, the elastic-thermal material rod 206 will continuously experience the cycle of "axial tension, circumferential torsional loading (martensitic phase transformation exothermic) → unloading and reset (reverse phase transformation endothermic)". During the axial tension process, the spiral groove on the spiral guide module 2032 slides relative to the guide pin without producing significant rotation (the front section of the spiral groove is a straight section or a small rise angle section). When the clamp assembly 203 moves to the end of its axial stroke (i.e., the thermoelastic material rod 206 is stretched to its preset maximum length, and the overall clamp 203 touches the axial limiting mechanism and can no longer move forward), the guide pin enters the steep angle section at the end of the spiral groove (corresponding to the end of the axial stroke of the clamp assembly 203), and the axial thrust forces the spiral guide module 2032 to rotate circumferentially. Since the spiral guide module 2032 is rigidly connected to the rear guide shaft 2034, the rear guide shaft 2034 rotates accordingly, driving the moving end clamp 2035 to rotate; the front guide shaft 2033 remains stationary due to its engagement with the flat hole of the sealing inner disk 201 or the guide disk. Thus, the moving end of the thermoelastic material rod 206 is twisted at an angle, while the fixed end remains stationary, thereby adding a torsional strain on top of the axial stretch, thus applying a controllable torsional strain to the thermoelastic material rod 206. In this embodiment, the lead design at the end of the spiral groove makes the additional torsion angle 10° to 30° (preferably 20°). Experiments have verified that this range of torsion angles can effectively improve the phase change efficiency of elastothermal materials.

[0070] When the output shaft 105 reverses at high speed (driven by the energy release of the planar torsion spring 104), the clamp assembly 203 quickly retracts, the spiral guide module 2032 rotates in the opposite direction to reset, the moving end clamp 2035 releases the torsion, the elastothermal material rod 206 is quickly unloaded, and a reverse phase change occurs to absorb heat.

[0071] like Figure 6 , Figure 8As shown, the heat exchange module 300 of this invention is a single-channel high-efficiency heat exchange module, including a sleeve flow channel 301, an outer aluminum alloy protective shell 302, a three-way switching valve 303, a cooling pump 304, a refrigeration pump 305, an external air-cooled radiator 306, and a liquid storage tank 307. The sleeve flow channel 301 includes a sleeve shell 3012 and an inner flow channel 3011. The inner flow channel 3011 has a single cavity structure, and the thermoelastic material rod 206 is located at the center of the inner flow channel 3011. The working fluid (which can be an ethylene glycol-water mixture) directly contacts the inner wall of the sleeve shell 3012 for heat exchange. The outer layer of the sleeve shell 3012 is wrapped with an aluminum alloy protective shell 302 to enhance structural strength and assist in temperature uniformity of the inner flow channel 3011.

[0072] Both ends of the sleeve flow channel 301 are connected to the heat dissipation circuit via a three-way switching valve 303. Figure 6 (red flow path in the middle) and refrigeration circuit ( Figure 6 The blue flow path in the middle is switched and connected. The heat dissipation circuit is equipped with a heat pump 304, an external air-cooled radiator 306, and a liquid storage tank 307; the refrigeration circuit is equipped with a refrigeration pump 305.

[0073] During the loading and cooling phase, the three-way switching valve 303 switches to the cooling circuit, and the cooling pump 304 drives the working fluid to circulate in the inner flow channel 3011. The heat released by the elastothermal material rod 206 is transferred to the working fluid through the inner wall of the sleeve shell 3012. After the working fluid is heated, it flows through the external air-cooled radiator 306 for heat exchange, discharging the waste heat into the environment. The cooled working fluid returns to the storage tank 307 for later use.

[0074] During the release and cooling phases, controller 404 performs the following optimized timing control:

[0075] Early switching: About 0.2 seconds before the planar torsion spring releases its energy, the controller switches the three-way switching valve 303 to the refrigeration circuit in advance, so that the refrigeration circuit is filled with the standby working fluid and the valve switching delay is eliminated.

[0076] Pre-flushing: At the moment of unloading, the refrigeration pump 305 runs at a high flow rate (such as 1.5 to 2 times the normal flow rate, which can be selected as 1.8 times in this embodiment) for 0.5 to 1 second (0.8 seconds in this embodiment) to quickly remove the residual heat in the inner flow channel 3011. The working fluid after flushing is discharged back to the storage tank or bypass.

[0077] Normal cooling: After pre-rinsing, the cooling pump 305 returns to its normal flow rate, stably delivering the cooling energy generated by the reverse phase change of the elastothermal material rod 206 in the inner flow channel 3011 to the battery cooling application module 400. The controller 404 dynamically adjusts the pump speed according to the battery temperature to achieve on-demand cooling.

[0078] In addition, the inlet section of the sleeve flow channel 301 is designed with an inner flow channel extension as a thermal buffer. The length of this extension is approximately 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the total length of the sleeve flow channel 301 (1 / 5 in this embodiment). The wall thickness is appropriately increased or aluminum alloy material is used to absorb residual heat during switching, thereby further suppressing the influence of thermal inertia on the main heat exchange zone.

[0079] It should be noted that the above-mentioned parameters such as flow rate, switching timing, and buffer size can be optimized and adjusted according to actual cooling needs and system dynamic response. Those skilled in the art can determine these parameters without creative effort based on the technical solution of this invention.

[0080] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the battery cooling application module 400 includes a cold plate 401, a battery module 402, a secondary circulation pump 403, and a controller 404. The cold plate 401 has a flow channel 4011 inside, which is in close contact with the large surface of the battery module 402. The low-temperature working fluid output from the heat exchange module 300 enters the cold plate flow channel 4011, absorbs heat from the battery, and then returns to the module 300, forming a closed-loop cycle. The cold plate 401 is preferably made of aluminum alloy to balance thermal conductivity and lightweight requirements. The controller 404 adjusts the flow rate of the secondary circulation pump 403 according to the battery temperature to achieve precise temperature control.

[0081] The system's workflow consists of four phases:

[0082] Loading and heat dissipation stage: Motor 101 starts, planar torsion spring 104 stores energy, guide outer swash plate 202 drives clamp assembly 203 to perform tensile-torsional composite loading on elasto-thermal material rod 206, elasto-thermal material undergoes martensitic phase transformation and releases heat; at this time, three-way switching valve 303 switches to heat dissipation circuit, heat pump 304 runs, waste heat is carried away by working fluid through sleeve flow channel and discharged into environment through external air-cooled radiator 306.

[0083] Thermal holding stage: Motor 101 stops, the system remains under load, and heat dissipation continues until the temperature of the elastic-thermal material rod 206 is close to the ambient temperature, thus completing thermal reset.

[0084] Release and Cooling Stage: The overrunning clutch 103 automatically disengages, the planar torsion spring 104 releases energy, the output shaft 105 drives the guide swashplate 202 to reverse at high speed, and the elastothermal material rod 206 rapidly unloads, undergoing a reverse phase change and absorbing heat. Before unloading (e.g., 0.2 seconds before unloading), the controller 404 switches the three-way switching valve 303 to the cooling circuit in advance, and starts the cooling pump 305 at a high flow rate for pre-flushing for 0.8 seconds at the moment of unloading, and then returns to the normal flow rate, stably delivering the cooling capacity to the battery cooling application module 400.

[0085] Reset phase: The fixture assembly 203 resets, the motor 101 restarts forward drive, the overrunning clutch 103 returns to forward lock state, and the system is ready to enter the next cycle.

[0086] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slant-plate type tension-torsion composite loading power battery elastic-thermal cooling system, characterized in that, It includes a rotary drive and energy storage module, a tension-torsion composite loading module, a heat exchange module, and a battery cooling application module. The power output end of the rotary drive and energy storage module is linked to the tension-torsion composite loading module through the output shaft, while the tension-torsion composite loading module achieves heat transfer with the battery cooling application module through the heat exchange module. The tension-torsion composite loading module includes an outer guide swashplate, a guide plate, a clamp assembly, an end fixing plate, and a rod made of elastic-thermal material; wherein: The guide plate and the end fixing plate are coaxial and arranged parallel to each other. The outer guide swash plate is located on the outside of the guide plate, and the outer surface of the outer guide swash plate is set as an inclined surface. The output shaft is linked to the guide swashplate, and can be rotatably connected to the guide plate and the end plate. The elastic-thermal material rod has several rods, and one end of each elastic-thermal material rod is a fixed end connected to the end fixed plate, and the other end is a movable end, which is connected to the guide plate and the outer guide plate respectively through the clamp assembly. The clamp assembly and the guide plate are provided with a spiral guide connection mechanism, and the rod is in movable contact with the outer plate surface of the outer guide plate. When the output shaft drives the outer guide swashplate to rotate, the clamp assembly moves axially and applies axial tension to the elastic-thermal material rod; when the clamp assembly moves to the end of the axial stroke, the spiral guide connection mechanism forces the clamp assembly to rotate circumferentially, thereby applying an additional torsional angle to the elastic-thermal material rod in the tension state, realizing a combined tension and torsion loading.

2. The slant-type tension-torsion composite loading power battery elastic-thermal-cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral guide connection mechanism includes a guide pin fixed on the guide plate and a spiral groove provided on the clamp assembly; the guide pin extends into the spiral groove and slides with it; when the clamp assembly moves axially to the end of the axial stroke, the interaction between the guide pin and the end of the spiral groove forces the clamp assembly to drive the elastic-thermal material rod in the tension state to rotate circumferentially.

3. The slant-type tension-torsion composite loading power battery elastic-thermal-cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The additional torsion angle is 10° to 30°.

4. The slant-type tension-torsion composite loading power battery elastic-thermal-cooling system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The clamp assembly includes rollers, a spiral guide module, and a front guide shaft; wherein: The roller makes rolling contact with the swashplate surface of the guide swashplate; One end of the spiral guide module is rigidly connected to the elastic-thermal material rod, and the other end is non-rigidly connected to the front guide shaft, and the spiral guide module is provided with the spiral groove. The guide plate is provided with matching guide holes for the corresponding spiral guide modules. The spiral guide modules are placed in the guide holes, and guide pins are provided in the guide holes.

5. The slant-type tension-torsion composite loading power battery elastic-thermal-cooling system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotary drive and energy storage module includes a motor, an overrunning clutch, and a planar torsion spring, wherein: The outer ring of the overrunning clutch is connected to the power output end of the motor, while the inner ring is fixedly connected to the output shaft. One end of the planar torsion spring is connected to the inner ring, and the other end is fixed. When the motor is driven in the forward direction, the overrunning clutch locks up and drives the inner ring to rotate to torsion the planar torsion spring to store energy. When the motor stops driving, the inner and outer rings of the overrunning clutch automatically disengage, and the planar torsion spring releases energy to drive the output shaft to quickly reverse, and the speed of the rapid reverse rotation is higher than the speed at which the motor drives the output shaft to rotate in the forward direction.

6. The slant-type tension-torsion composite loading power battery elastic-thermal-cooling system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The heat exchange module is a single-channel high-efficiency heat exchange module, including a sleeve flow channel, a three-way switching valve, a heat dissipation circuit, and a refrigeration circuit; Both ends of the sleeve flow channel are connected to the heat dissipation circuit and the cooling circuit respectively through three-way switching valves; The heat dissipation circuit is equipped with a heat pump, an external air-cooled radiator, and a liquid storage tank. A refrigeration pump is installed on the refrigeration circuit; The sleeve flow channel contains a thermoplastic material rod, and the working fluid directly contacts the inner wall of the sleeve flow channel for heat exchange.

7. The slant-type tension-torsion composite loading power battery elastic-thermal-cooling system according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a controller configured to: switch the three-way switching valve to the refrigeration circuit before the rotation drive and energy storage module releases energy; control the refrigeration pump to run at a higher flow rate than normal for a pre-rinsing period at the moment unloading begins, so as to remove residual heat in the sleeve channel; and control the refrigeration pump to return to normal flow rate after pre-rinsing, so as to deliver the cooling energy generated by the reverse phase change of the elastothermal material rod to the battery cooling application module.

8. The slant-type tension-torsion composite loading power battery elastic-thermal-cooling system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The advance switching is performed 0.2 seconds before energy release; the pre-rinsing time period is 0.5 to 1 second; and the mode with a flow rate higher than normal is 1.5 to 2 times the normal flow rate.

9. The slant-type tension-torsion composite loading power battery elastic-thermal-cooling system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The inlet section of the sleeve flow channel is provided with an inner flow channel extension section as a thermal buffer zone. The length of the extension section is 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the total length of the sleeve flow channel, and the wall thickness of the extension section is increased or aluminum alloy material is used.

10. A circulation method for a swashplate-type tension-torsion composite loading power battery elastic-thermal cooling system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Loading and heat dissipation phase: The rotation drive and energy storage module drives the tension-torsion composite loading module to apply tension-torsion composite loading to the elastic-thermal material rod, causing it to undergo a martensitic phase transformation and release heat. The heat exchange module then switches to the heat dissipation circuit to remove the heat. Heat retention phase: Stop driving, maintain the loading state, and continue to dissipate heat until the temperature of the elastothermal material rod is close to the ambient temperature; Release and cooling phase: The rotation drive and energy storage module releases energy to drive the tension-torsion composite loading module to quickly unload the elastothermal material rod, causing it to undergo a reverse phase change and absorb heat. Before energy release, the three-way switching valve of the heat exchange module is switched to the refrigeration circuit. At the moment of unloading, the refrigeration pump is controlled to run at a higher flow rate than normal for the pre-rinsing period to remove residual heat in the sleeve channel. After the pre-rinsing is completed, the refrigeration pump is controlled to return to the normal flow rate and deliver the cooling energy to the battery cooling application module. Reset phase: The fixture assembly resets, and the rotary drive and energy storage module restart the forward drive.

Images