A transmission-reflection integrated metasurface structure based on spatial power splitting

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of based on spatial power shunt transmission-reflection integrated metasurface structure, comprising: incident layer, it is configured to receive incident electromagnetic wave from free space;Reflection layer, it is configured to radiate electromagnetic wave after being processed by reflection channel, form reflected beam;Transmission layer, it is configured to radiate electromagnetic wave after being processed by transmission channel, form transmission beam;Spatial power shunt network, it is configured to dynamically allocate incident electromagnetic wave energy, part of electromagnetic energy enters reflection channel, another part of electromagnetic energy enters transmission channel;And control module, it is configured to the phase of reflection power distribution ratio, transmission power distribution ratio, reflection channel, transmission channel is configured.This application realizes the novel transmission-reflection integrated metasurface with high degree of freedom, low power consumption and high integration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of wireless communication, electromagnetic metamaterials, and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology, and to a transmission-reflection integrated metasurface structure based on spatial power shunting. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of sixth-generation mobile communication (6G), massive MIMO, millimeter-wave communication, and intelligent wireless environment technologies, traditional wireless communication systems are gradually shifting from "adapting to the propagation environment" to "actively shaping the propagation environment." Reconfigurable smart surfaces (RIS), as a novel metasurface technology capable of dynamically controlling the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves, have attracted widespread attention due to their advantages such as low cost, low power consumption, and ease of integration.

[0003] Most existing Reference Indicators (RIS) employ a single operating mode, controlling only the reflection or transmission of incident electromagnetic waves. Reflective RISs are primarily deployed at base stations or on wall surfaces, altering the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves by adjusting the reflection phase; transmission-type RISs allow electromagnetic waves to pass through the metasurface structure and undergo transmission modulation. However, in complex wireless scenarios, relying solely on a single reflection or transmission function is often insufficient to meet full-space coverage requirements. In recent years, transmissive-reflective integrated metasurfaces capable of simultaneously achieving transmission and reflection have become a research hotspot. These structures allow some electromagnetic energy to be reflected while the rest is transmitted, enabling simultaneous service to users on both sides of the metasurface. However, existing technologies still suffer from the following problems: First, most existing structures use a fixed power allocation method, making it difficult to dynamically adjust the ratio of reflected and transmitted energy according to actual communication needs; second, existing structures typically employ a uniform phase adjustment method, making independent control of the reflected and transmitted beams difficult; third, traditional transmissive-reflective metasurfaces lack flexible power routing mechanisms, failing to fully utilize spatial degrees of freedom; furthermore, the reflection and transmission functions in existing systems are often heavily coupled, leading to complex control and limited adjustment accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to solve the problems of fixed power distribution, insufficient control degrees of freedom, and difficulty in independently optimizing reflection and transmission functions in existing transmissive-reflective metasurfaces. Specifically, this invention needs to solve the following technical problems: 1) How to achieve adjustable power distribution of incident electromagnetic waves between the reflection channel and the transmission channel; 2) How to achieve independent control of the reflected beam and the transmitted beam; 3) How to improve the spatial control freedom of transmission-reflection metasurfaces; 4) How to reduce the complexity of traditional STAR-RIS hardware implementation; 5) How to achieve dynamic space energy routing while maintaining low power consumption and high integration.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a transmissive-reflective integrated metasurface structure based on spatial power shunting. This structure can dynamically adjust the ratio of reflected and transmitted power and can independently control the reflected and transmitted beams.

[0006] This invention provides a transmission-reflection integrated metasurface structure based on spatial power shunting, comprising: The incident layer is configured to receive incident electromagnetic waves from free space. A reflective layer is configured to radiate electromagnetic waves processed by a reflective channel, forming a reflected beam. A transmission layer is configured to radiate electromagnetic waves processed by a transmission channel, forming a transmission beam. A spatial power splitting network is configured to dynamically distribute the energy of incident electromagnetic waves, allowing a portion of the electromagnetic energy to enter the reflection channel and another portion to enter the transmission channel; the spatial power splitting network is positioned between the incident layer and the reflection and transmission layers; and The control module is configured to configure the reflected power distribution ratio, the transmitted power distribution ratio, the reflected channel, and the phase of the transmitted channel.

[0007] Furthermore, the incident layer is composed of an array of multiple incident units; the reflective layer is composed of an array of multiple reflective units; and the transmission layer is composed of an array of multiple transmission units. Each spatially corresponding incident unit, reflection unit, and transmission unit, along with a spatial power shunting network matching the incident unit, reflection unit, and transmission unit, collectively constitutes a single dual-function electromagnetic unit. This dual-function electromagnetic unit simultaneously possesses both electromagnetic wave reflection and transmission control functions.

[0008] Furthermore, multiple dual-function electromagnetic units are arranged to form a metasurface unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the metasurface unit is at least one of linear array, planar array, curved array, or flexible array, to adapt to different application scenarios such as walls, drones, satellites, and wearable devices.

[0010] Furthermore, for each bifunctional electromagnetic unit, the incident power it receives... , reflected output power Transmission output power The power conservation relationship is satisfied: Further define the reflection power ratio and transmission power ratio Then the following conditions are met: Furthermore, each segment of the spatial power shunt network matched to each dual-function electromagnetic unit constitutes a spatial power shunt unit, and all the spatial power shunt units together constitute the spatial power shunt network.

[0011] Furthermore, the spatial power shunt network includes an RF transmission line, an impedance matching network, a power shunt node, and an adjustable switching unit.

[0012] Furthermore, the incident electromagnetic wave is coupled into the spatial power shunt node of the spatial power shunt network via the incident unit; the spatial power shunt node includes multiple PIN diode switches or a multi-way shunt structure.

[0013] Furthermore, when the spatial power shunt node is a PIN diode switch, the signal flow direction and energy ratio can be changed by controlling the conduction state of different switches; the spatial power shunt node can be expanded into a multi-path shunt structure. For example, a sensing channel, an energy harvesting channel, or a wireless power supply channel can be added to the reflection channel and transmission channel to achieve integrated communication, sensing, and power supply functions.

[0014] Furthermore, the control network is electrically connected to the spatial power shunt network, the reflection phase adjustment unit, and the transmission phase adjustment unit, respectively.

[0015] Furthermore, the reflection channel is configured with: The reflection phase adjustment link includes: A reflection phase adjustment unit is configured to phase-modulate electromagnetic waves entering the reflection channel.

[0016] Furthermore, the transmission channel is configured with: The transmission phase adjustment link includes: A transmission phase adjustment unit is configured to phase-modulate electromagnetic waves entering the transmission channel.

[0017] Furthermore, the reflection phase adjustment unit and the transmission phase adjustment unit include at least one of a PIN diode, a varactor diode, or a MEMS device, to realize discrete phase adjustment or continuous phase adjustment of the electromagnetic wave of the corresponding channel from 0° to 360°.

[0018] Furthermore, the spatial power shunt network includes an adjustable unit, which is at least one of a PIN diode, a field-effect transistor, a MEMS switch, a varactor diode, and a BST adjustable dielectric.

[0019] The structure of this invention can spatially distribute the power of incident electromagnetic waves, realize the dynamic splitting of electromagnetic energy between the reflection channel and the transmission channel, and further perform independent beam control of the reflected and transmitted waves. It is suitable for application scenarios such as 6G communication, millimeter-wave communication, terahertz communication, satellite communication, wireless coverage enhancement, and intelligent electromagnetic environment construction.

[0020] This invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1) This invention proposes a spatial power splitting mechanism to realize the dynamic allocation of incident electromagnetic waves between reflection and transmission channels, significantly improving the space resource utilization efficiency of metasurfaces; 2) This invention realizes independent control of the reflected beam and the transmitted beam, enabling the system to simultaneously serve users on both sides of the metasurface, significantly improving wireless coverage; 3) This invention supports multiple power splitting states and can flexibly adjust the ratio of reflected and transmitted energy according to different communication needs, improving system adaptability; 4) This invention adopts a modular spatial power splitting unit, which has good scalability and can easily build large-scale array systems; 5) This invention is compatible with discrete phase and continuous phase adjustment schemes, and is suitable for wireless communication systems with different frequency bands and different complexity requirements; 6) This invention is not only applicable to communication systems, but can also be further extended to new application scenarios such as wireless sensing, positioning, wireless power supply, and integrated communication and sensing, with broad engineering application prospects and industrialization value. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To further illustrate the above and other advantages and features of the various embodiments of the present invention, a more specific description of the embodiments of the invention will be presented with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not intended to limit its scope. In the drawings, identical or corresponding parts will be indicated by identical or similar reference numerals for clarity.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the transmission-reflection integrated metasurface based on spatial power shunting in some embodiments of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 The diagram shows a schematic of the power shunt circuit structure of a dual-function unit in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 The diagram shows a schematic representation of a one-dimensional array based on power splitting in some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 4 The schematic diagrams of the implementation structure and typical working states of the power shunt node in some embodiments of the present invention are shown. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a two-dimensional array embodiment is shown in some embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] It should be noted that the components in the accompanying drawings may be shown exaggerated for illustrative purposes and may not be to scale.

[0024] In this invention, the various embodiments are merely intended to illustrate the solutions of the invention and should not be construed as limiting.

[0025] In this invention, unless otherwise specified, the quantifiers “a” and “one” do not exclude scenarios involving multiple elements.

[0026] It should also be noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, only a portion of the parts or components may be shown for clarity and simplicity. However, those skilled in the art will understand that, under the teachings of the present invention, the required parts or components can be added as needed for specific scenarios.

[0027] It should also be noted that within the scope of this invention, the terms "same", "equal", and "equal to" do not mean that the two values ​​are absolutely equal, but allow for a certain reasonable error. In other words, the terms also cover "substantially the same", "substantially equal", and "substantially equal to".

[0028] It should also be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not explicitly or implicitly suggest that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention describe the process steps in a specific order; however, this is only for the convenience of distinguishing each step, and is not intended to limit the order of the steps. In different embodiments of the present invention, the order of each step can be adjusted according to the process.

[0030] The following embodiment provides a transmission-reflection integrated metasurface structure based on spatial power shunting, comprising: The incident layer is configured to receive incident electromagnetic waves from free space. A reflective layer is configured to radiate electromagnetic waves processed by a reflective channel, forming a reflected beam. A transmission layer is configured to radiate electromagnetic waves processed by a transmission channel, forming a transmission beam. A spatial power splitting network is configured to dynamically distribute the energy of incident electromagnetic waves, allowing a portion of the electromagnetic energy to enter the reflection channel and another portion to enter the transmission channel; the spatial power splitting network is positioned between the incident layer and the reflection and transmission layers; and The control module is configured to configure the reflected power distribution ratio, the transmitted power distribution ratio, the reflected channel, and the phase of the transmitted channel.

[0031] The incident layer consists of multiple incident units E IN Forming an array; the reflective layer consists of multiple reflective units E REF Forming an array; the transmission layer consists of multiple transmission units E TRANS An array is constructed; the incident unit first receives external electromagnetic waves, and then the signal enters the spatial power shunt node. The power shunt node is constructed using adjustable capacitors, RF switches, and impedance matching networks. Each spatially corresponding individual incident unit, reflection unit, and transmission unit, along with the spatial power shunt network matching that unit, unit, and transmission unit, together constitute a single dual-function electromagnetic unit; the dual-function electromagnetic unit simultaneously possesses the dual functions of electromagnetic wave reflection and transmission control. Multiple dual-function electromagnetic units are arranged to form a metasurface unit. The metasurface unit can be at least one of linear array, planar array, curved array, or flexible array to adapt to different application scenarios such as walls, drones, satellites, and wearable devices.

[0032] For each bifunctional electromagnetic unit, the incident power it receives , reflected output power Transmission output power The power conservation relationship is satisfied: Further define the reflection power ratio and transmission power ratio Then the following conditions are met: By adjusting the adjustable components in the space power shunt network, the dynamic changes can be achieved. and This allows for the flexible distribution of electromagnetic energy between the reflection and transmission paths.

[0033] Figure 2 The diagram shows a power shunt circuit structure for a dual-function unit, and is also a schematic diagram of the radio frequency circuit for a single dual-function electromagnetic unit; the radio frequency signal originates from the input port. IN Input incident unit E INThe signal is fed into the space power shunt node; the space power shunt node uses a shunt coupling capacitor and a PIN diode switch to distribute energy, and the signal enters the reflected power channel and the transmitted power channel respectively; the reflected power channel and the transmitted power channel respectively contain a PIN diode switch, an RF choke inductor, an impedance matching network, and a phase-adjustable transmission line, which respectively control the on / off state of the RF signal, perform impedance matching, and phase adjustment, and the processed signals are fed into the reflection unit E respectively. REF Transmission unit E TRANS and by the reflection port Port REF Transmission Port TRANS Output.

[0034] The incident electromagnetic wave is coupled into the space power shunt node of the space power shunt network via the incident unit; in a preferred embodiment, the space power shunt node includes multiple PIN diode switches. By controlling the conduction state of different switches, the signal flow direction and energy ratio can be changed to achieve: 100% reflectivity; 75% reflection + 25% transmission; 50% reflection + 50% transmission; 25% reflection + 75% transmission; Multiple operating modes, including 100% transmission.

[0035] Figure 4 The diagram illustrates the implementation structure and typical operating states of a power shunt node, providing an example of its implementation and typical power shunt states. The left side shows the power shunt node circuit topology, where the RF signal from the incident unit passes through a switch PIN. a The access node is connected to the grounding branch and the reflection channel and transmission channel respectively through capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4. The grounding branch is equipped with a switch PIN. b The reflection channel and transmission channel are respectively led out to external interfaces; the table on the right lists five typical power shunt operating states, and gives the reflection ratio under the corresponding state. Transmission ratio and PIN a PIN b PIN c PIN d The switching configuration includes discrete settings such as total reflection, 75% reflection-25% transmission, equal distribution, 25% reflection-75% transmission, and total transmission. By controlling the conduction level and on / off state of the four PIN diode switches, the proportion of electromagnetic energy distributed to the reflection channel and the transmission channel can be adjusted, thereby achieving an adjustable power shunting ratio.

[0036] The reflection and transmission channels each have independent phase adjustment links. The reflection link includes a reflection phase adjustment unit, and the transmission link includes a transmission phase adjustment unit. Both types of phase adjustment units can be implemented using PIN diodes, varactor diodes, or MEMS devices, thereby enabling independent control of the reflected and transmitted beams.

[0037] Figure 3 This diagram illustrates a one-dimensional array implementation based on power splitting, representing the beam control principle of a multi-element array. The diagram shows four groups of dual-function electromagnetic units, each group comprising incident units E1-E4, reflection units R1-R4, and transmission units T1-T4. Each incident unit corresponds to an independent spatial power splitting node, with electromagnetic wave energy distribution achieved through internal switching devices. The blue dashed line represents the reflected power path, and the red dashed line represents the transmitted power path. External incident electromagnetic waves are fed into each incident unit through ports Port_1-Port_4, and after power distribution and phase adjustment via their respective spatial power splitting networks, the radio frequency signals are fed into the corresponding reflection and transmission units. The reflected power distribution ratio of each dual-function electromagnetic unit is adjusted independently. Transmission power distribution ratio By combining the phase configuration of each unit, the reflected beam and the transmitted beam can be controlled separately, achieving independent beam scanning of the reflected beam and the transmitted beam, and simultaneously completing the coordinated control of beam direction and energy distribution between units. The figure also illustrates the scanning direction of the reflected beam and the scanning direction of the transmitted beam. Each segment of the space power shunt network matched to a dual-function electromagnetic unit constitutes a space power shunt unit, and all space power shunt units together constitute a space power shunt network. Figure 5 A two-dimensional array embodiment is further provided. The diagram shows a 4x4 two-dimensional array structure, where each E in the array... i,j All are incident units, each configured with an independent spatial power shunt network; the blue dashed lines in the figure represent reflected power paths, and the red dashed lines represent transmitted power paths. The RF interconnects, PIN diode switches, and various RF ports Port_1 to Port_16 are also shown. Each dual-function electromagnetic unit in the array can independently complete power distribution and phase modulation. It can perform global unified configuration of the entire two-dimensional array, or divide different sub-regions for independent configuration. By adjusting the power shunt ratio of each unit globally or regionally, independent or coordinated control of reflected and transmitted beams can be achieved. Multiple beams with different directions can be generated simultaneously on both sides of the metasurface device to complete dual-sided multi-user wireless coverage services.

[0038] In an improved implementation, the spatial power shunt network can employ a continuously adjustable structure. By introducing varactor diodes or BST adjustable dielectrics, continuous variation of the power ratio can be achieved, rather than being limited to discrete states, thereby further improving the system control accuracy.

[0039] In another embodiment, both the reflection channel and the transmission channel can employ a continuous phase adjustment network to achieve full-phase continuous control from 0° to 360°, thereby meeting the requirements for high-precision beamforming.

[0040] In a further embodiment, the power shunt node can be expanded into a multi-path shunt structure. For example, a sensing channel, an energy harvesting channel, or a wireless power supply channel can be added to the reflection channel and the transmission channel to achieve integrated communication, sensing, and power supply functions.

[0041] In another embodiment, the metasurface array can be a linear array, planar array, curved array, or flexible array structure to adapt to different application scenarios such as walls, drones, satellites, and wearable devices.

[0042] Furthermore, this invention can also be combined with artificial intelligence algorithms to dynamically adjust the power split ratio and beam direction based on user location, channel status, and environmental changes, thereby achieving the construction of an adaptive intelligent wireless environment.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a transmissive-reflective integrated metasurface structure based on spatial power shunting. The structure mainly includes an incident layer, a spatial power shunting network, a reflective layer, a transmissive layer, and a control module. The incident layer receives incident electromagnetic waves from free space; the reflective layer re-radiates reflected electromagnetic waves; and the transmissive layer radiates transmitted electromagnetic waves to the other side of the metasurface. The incident layer is arranged with M×N incident units to receive incident waves. The spatial power splitting network is logically divided into a reflection power splitting network (blue dashed line) and a transmission power splitting network (red dashed line), which rely on PIN diode switches to complete energy distribution. The distributed energy is fed into the reflection and transmission units of the M×N array, respectively, and radiates reflected and transmitted waves outward. Under ideal conditions, a single dual-function electromagnetic unit satisfies power conservation. The power distribution ratio meets A set of one-to-one corresponding incident units, reflection units, transmission units, and corresponding spatial power shunt networks constitutes a dual-function electromagnetic unit.

[0044] In this embodiment, each metasurface unit includes an incident electromagnetic unit E. IN One reflective radiation unit E REF and a transmission radiation unit E TRANSThe incident unit first receives external electromagnetic waves and couples them to a space power shunt network. This space power shunt network, positioned between the incident unit and the reflection / transmission unit, is used to redistribute electromagnetic energy.

[0045] The space power shunt network includes an RF transmission line, an impedance matching network, power shunt nodes, and adjustable switching units. The RF transmission line can be implemented using microstrip lines, coplanar waveguides, or striplines; the power shunt nodes can be implemented using power dividers, couplers, or multiport networks; and the adjustable switching units are preferably implemented using PIN diodes, MEMS switches, or field-effect transistors.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the spatial power shunt node is implemented using a reconfigurable impedance network. By controlling the conduction state of each switching unit, the equivalent impedance of the node is changed, thereby adjusting the distribution ratio of electromagnetic energy between the reflection and transmission channels. When the system operates in total reflection mode, most of the electromagnetic energy is directed to the reflection link; when the system operates in total transmission mode, most of the energy is directed to the transmission link; and in hybrid mode, the electromagnetic energy is simultaneously distributed to both links according to a preset ratio.

[0047] A reflection phase adjustment network is set in the reflection link to control the direction and wavefront shape of the reflected beam; a transmission phase adjustment network is set in the transmission link to control the direction and wavefront of the transmitted beam. Discrete or continuous phase adjustment can be achieved for the two links using PIN diodes, varactor diodes, MEMS devices, or BST tunable dielectrics, respectively.

[0048] In one embodiment, the reflection link employs continuous phase adjustment. By changing the bias voltage of the varactor diode, its junction capacitance changes continuously, thereby achieving continuous phase control within the range of 0° to 360°. The transmission link can also employ a similar structure to achieve independent phase adjustment. Therefore, the reflected beam and the transmitted beam can form spatial beams with different directions and shapes, respectively, achieving independent beamforming.

[0049] Multiple power shunt units are further arranged into a two-dimensional metasurface array. The controller calculates the optimal power allocation ratio and phase configuration in real time based on user location, channel state information, or environmental perception results, and outputs control voltage through a digital-to-analog converter to achieve dynamic reconfiguration of the entire array.

[0050] For example, in indoor coverage scenarios, metasurfaces can be installed on walls or glass curtain walls. When the incident signal reaches the metasurface, part of the energy is reflected through a reflection link to form a reflected beam facing indoor users, and the other part of the energy is transmitted through a transmission link to form a transmitted beam facing outdoor users, thereby achieving synchronous coverage for indoor and outdoor users.

[0051] For example, in a communication-sensing integrated scenario, the transmitted beam can be used for wireless communication, while the reflected beam can be used for environmental sensing or target detection, achieving the fusion of communication and sensing functions. In a wireless power supply scenario, the system can also directionally transmit some energy to low-power terminals, achieving coordinated communication and power supply.

[0052] Therefore, this invention realizes a novel transmissive-reflective integrated metasurface with high degree of freedom, low power consumption and high integration through a spatial power splitting mechanism, independent transmission and reflection links and a reconfigurable controllable network, providing a new technical approach for the construction of future 6G smart wireless environments.

[0053] While some embodiments of the present invention have been described in this application, those skilled in the art will understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative. Numerous variations, alternatives, and improvements will arise in those skilled in the art under the teachings of this invention without departing from its scope. The appended claims are intended to define the scope of the invention and thereby cover methods and structures within the scope of the claims themselves and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A transmissive-reflective integrated metasurface structure based on spatial power shunting, characterized in that, include: The incident layer is configured to receive incident electromagnetic waves from free space. A reflective layer is configured to radiate electromagnetic waves processed by a reflective channel, forming a reflected beam. A transmission layer is configured to radiate electromagnetic waves processed by a transmission channel, forming a transmission beam. A spatial power splitting network is configured to dynamically distribute the energy of incident electromagnetic waves, so that part of the electromagnetic energy enters the reflection channel and the other part of the electromagnetic energy enters the transmission channel. as well as The control module is configured to configure the reflected power distribution ratio, the transmitted power distribution ratio, the reflected channel, and the phase of the transmitted channel.

2. The integrated transmission-reflection metasurface structure based on spatial power shunting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The incident layer is composed of an array of multiple incident units; the reflective layer is composed of an array of multiple reflective units; the transmission layer is composed of an array of multiple transmission units; wherein, a single incident unit, a single reflective unit, a single transmission unit with a one-to-one spatial position, and a spatial power shunting network that matches the incident unit, reflective unit, and transmission unit together constitute a single dual-function electromagnetic unit.

3. The integrated transmission-reflection metasurface structure based on spatial power shunting according to claim 2, characterized in that, Multiple dual-function electromagnetic units are arranged to form a metasurface unit.

4. The integrated transmission-reflection metasurface structure based on spatial power shunting according to claim 3, characterized in that, The metasurface unit is at least one of linear array, planar array, curved surface array, or flexible array.

5. The integrated transmission-reflection metasurface structure based on spatial power shunting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spatial power shunt network includes radio frequency transmission lines, impedance matching networks, power shunt nodes, and adjustable switching units.

6. The integrated transmission-reflection metasurface structure based on spatial power shunting according to claim 2, characterized in that, The incident electromagnetic wave is coupled into the spatial power shunt node of the spatial power shunt network through the incident unit; the spatial power shunt node includes multiple PIN diode switches or a multi-way shunt structure.

7. The integrated transmission-reflection metasurface structure based on spatial power shunting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflection channel is configured with: The reflection phase adjustment link includes: A reflection phase adjustment unit is configured to phase-modulate electromagnetic waves entering the reflection channel.

8. The integrated transmission-reflection metasurface structure based on spatial power shunting according to claim 7, characterized in that, The transmission channel is configured with: The transmission phase adjustment link includes: A transmission phase adjustment unit is configured to phase-modulate electromagnetic waves entering the transmission channel.

9. The integrated transmission-reflection metasurface structure based on spatial power shunting according to claim 8, characterized in that, The reflection phase adjustment unit and the transmission phase adjustment unit include at least one of a PIN diode, a varactor diode, or a MEMS device.

10. The integrated transmission-reflection metasurface structure based on spatial power shunting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spatial power shunt network includes an adjustable unit, which is at least one of a PIN diode, a field-effect transistor, a MEMS switch, a varactor diode, and a BST adjustable dielectric.

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