Intelligent power distribution protection device for marine main distribution board

Abstract

The application provides a marine main power distribution board intelligent power distribution protection device applied to the field of ship power distribution equipment, which comprises a main power distribution board cabinet body, the main power distribution board cabinet body is provided with an outer cabinet door, an inner cabinet door, an air inlet bin and an N-shaped inner wall air duct; a separation shell is arranged inside the electrical bin, two groups of centrifugal chambers and exchange chambers are arranged in the shell; a centrifugal impeller, a heat exchange column and a transfer shaft column of a separation mechanism rotate synchronously, phase change cavities, transfer cavities and conical cavities which are in communication with each other are arranged inside the component to form airtight chambers; external air is introduced into the centrifugal chamber after passing through two-stage filter screens, and the centrifugal gas port is communicated with the N-shaped inner wall air duct; a backflow conduit and an exhaust conduit are respectively connected with the exchange chamber, a pullable collection box is arranged at the bottom of the exchange chamber, an adsorption layer is arranged in the box, the backflow conduit is provided with a one-way diaphragm, and the outer wall of the heat exchange column is provided with heat dissipation toothed plates; the structure is used for salt mist air treatment of a marine power distribution board and can effectively protect electrical elements from moisture corrosion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of marine electrical equipment, and in particular to an intelligent power distribution protection device for a marine main switchboard. Background Technology

[0002] The air in the ship's operating environment contains a large number of salt spray particles. After the salt spray enters the interior of the ship's main power distribution board cabinet with the ventilation airflow, it is very easy to adhere to the surface of electrical components and conductive connectors, causing metal corrosion and a decrease in insulation performance. In severe cases, it can cause leakage and short circuit faults, directly threatening the safe operation of the ship's power distribution system.

[0003] Existing methods for salt spray protection of marine main switchboard cabinets mostly rely on ordinary filters installed at the air inlet of the cabinet, which can only intercept large particulate impurities and are unable to filter out micron-sized salt spray particles. Some switchboard protection structures with cooling and salt spray removal functions require independent cold sources such as compressors and external seawater heat exchangers. The whole unit has many parts and is relatively large, making it difficult to adapt to the limited installation space in ship cabins.

[0004] To address these issues, an intelligent power distribution protection device for marine main switchboards is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to solve the technical problems of limited salt spray protection effect and large space occupation of external cold sources in existing marine switchboards. Compared with the prior art, it provides an intelligent power distribution protection device for marine main switchboards, including a main switchboard cabinet. The main switchboard cabinet has an electrical compartment inside. The outer wall of the main switchboard cabinet has an outer cabinet door and an inner cabinet door in sequence. The bottom of the inner cabinet door has an air intake chamber. The input end of the air intake chamber has a two-stage filter screen. The bottom of the inner cabinet door also has an exhaust port. The main switchboard cabinet has an N-shaped inner wall air duct. It also includes: A separate housing is located within the electrical compartment of the main distribution board cabinet. The separate housing contains two symmetrically arranged centrifuge chambers, with an exchange chamber located between opposite sides of the two sets of centrifuge chambers. The top and bottom of each centrifuge chamber are respectively equipped with a centrifugal air inlet and a centrifugal liquid inlet. The centrifugal air inlet is connected to the input end of an N-type inner wall air duct via a supply air duct. The exchange chamber is connected to a return flow duct and an exhaust duct, respectively. The exchange chamber is connected to the electrical compartment via the return flow duct, and the exhaust duct is connected to an exhaust port. The output end of the air inlet chamber is connected to the input ends of both sets of centrifuge chambers via an air inlet duct. The separation mechanism includes centrifugal impellers rotatably connected to the interior of corresponding centrifugal chambers, a heat exchange column is provided between the two sets of centrifugal impellers, and the heat exchange column is rotatably connected to the interior of the exchange chamber; a central rotating shaft is fixedly assembled between the centrifugal impellers and the heat exchange column on the same side. The centrifuge chamber is fixedly provided with a liquid-blocking ring on the inner wall near the central rotating column to prevent droplets from passing over the ring towards the centrifuge air inlet side.

[0006] Furthermore, drive motors are fixedly mounted at the ends of the two sets of centrifuge chambers that are far apart, and the end of the centrifuge impeller is connected to the output end of the drive motor; the drive motor is provided with a centrifuge inlet that matches the input end of the centrifuge chamber, and the output end of the air inlet duct is connected to the centrifuge inlet.

[0007] Furthermore, a transfer cavity is formed inside the transfer shaft column, a phase change cavity is formed inside the centrifugal impeller, and a conical cavity is formed inside the heat exchange column. The transfer cavity, phase change cavity, and conical cavity on the same side are interconnected to form a sealed chamber, which is filled with phase change liquid; The cavity wall of the phase change cavity is a heat-conducting wall surface, and the phase change cavity is arranged on the airflow path inside the centrifuge chamber; multiple heat dissipation tooth plates are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the heat exchange column at equal angles along the circumference.

[0008] Furthermore, a return flow blade is fixedly installed inside the transfer cavity, and the return flow blade is an inclined blade structure; the cross-sectional area of ​​the conical cavity gradually decreases along the direction away from the centrifugal impeller.

[0009] Furthermore, a collection box is detachably installed at the bottom of the exchange chamber, and the inside of the collection box is filled with an adsorption layer; The top of the collection box has an evaporation through-hole, and the collection box is connected to the interior of the exchange chamber through the evaporation through-hole; the bottom of the centrifuge chamber is connected to the interior of the collection box through the centrifuge liquid outlet.

[0010] Furthermore, a one-way diaphragm is fixedly installed at one end of the return conduit near the exchange chamber. The one-way diaphragm is configured to allow only one-way flow of gas from inside the electrical compartment to the exchange chamber, preventing gas from inside the exchange chamber from flowing back into the electrical compartment.

[0011] Furthermore, a primary filter screen is fixedly installed on the outer cabinet door.

[0012] Furthermore, the centrifugal impeller and the heat dissipation toothed plate are both made of thermally conductive and corrosion-resistant materials.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom of the exchange chamber is provided with a pull-out socket for inserting a collection box, and an annular sealing gasket is embedded in the edge of the pull-out socket.

[0014] Compared to existing technologies, the advantages of this application are: This invention utilizes a closed-loop phase change liquid circulation within the separation mechanism to achieve intake air cooling, eliminating the need for an external independent cold source. The equipment boasts high integration and is suitable for installation in confined ship compartments. The centrifugal chamber, combined with phase change heat exchange, facilitates salt spray particle condensation after intake air cooling, improving salt spray separation efficiency and reducing corrosion of electrical components. Cooling and drying air is delivered to the top of the electrical compartment via an N-shaped inner wall duct. After heat exchange within the compartment, the hot air returns to the exchange chamber via a return duct, forming a continuous circulating drying and heat exchange loop. This enhances the temperature control and dehumidification effect inside the cabinet, effectively protecting electrical components from moisture corrosion. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of this application; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of this application; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram of section A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the top surface structure of the detachable shell proposed in this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the detachable shell proposed in this application; Figure 7 This is an exploded structural diagram of the detachable shell and its components proposed in this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the separation mechanism proposed in this application; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the separation mechanism proposed in this application; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the detachable shell and its components proposed in this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the centrifuge chamber proposed in this application; Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the exchange room proposed in this application; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the gas-liquid flow direction within the centrifuge chamber and transfer cavity proposed in this application; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the gas flow direction inside the main distribution board cabinet as proposed in this application.

[0016] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Main distribution board cabinet; 101. Electrical compartment; 11. Outer cabinet door; 12. Primary filter; 13. Inner cabinet door; 131. Secondary filter; 132. Exhaust port; 133. Air intake chamber; 14. N-type inner wall air duct; 2. Separator housing; 21. Air supply duct; 22. Return duct; 221. One-way diaphragm; 23. Exhaust duct; 24. Centrifuge chamber; 241. Centrifuge air inlet; 242. Centrifuge... 243. Liquid inlet; 25. Liquid baffle ring; 3. Exchange chamber; 3. Separation mechanism; 31. Centrifugal impeller; 311. Phase change cavity; 32. Heat exchange column; 321. Heat dissipation toothed plate; 322. Conical cavity; 33. Transfer shaft; 331. Return blade; 332. Transfer cavity; 34. Drive motor; 341. Centrifugal inlet; 4. Collection box; 41. Evaporation through hole; 42. Adsorption layer; 5. Inlet duct. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The embodiments will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] Example 1 This invention provides an intelligent power distribution protection device for a marine main switchboard. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 - Figure 14 The system includes a main distribution board cabinet 1, the internal space of which forms an electrical compartment 101. An outer cabinet door 11 and an inner cabinet door 13 are sequentially mounted on the outside of the main distribution board cabinet 1. A primary filter 12 is mounted on the outer cabinet door 11. An air intake chamber 133 is located at the bottom of the inner cabinet door 13, and a secondary filter 131 is installed at the air intake end of the air intake chamber 133. An exhaust port 132 is also provided at the bottom of the inner cabinet door 13. An N-shaped internal wall air duct 14 is arranged inside the main distribution board cabinet 1.

[0019] Please refer to this first. Figure 3 - Figure 9 A separation shell 2 is arranged inside the electrical compartment 101. Two sets of symmetrically arranged centrifuge chambers 24 are located inside the separation shell 2, with an exchange chamber 25 positioned between the two sets of centrifuge chambers 24. Each centrifuge chamber 24 is equipped with a centrifugal air inlet 241 and a centrifugal liquid inlet 242. The centrifugal air inlet 241 is located at the top of the centrifuge chamber 24, and the centrifugal liquid inlet 242 is located at the bottom of the centrifuge chamber 24. The centrifugal air inlet 241 is connected to the input end of the N-type inner wall air duct 14 via an air supply duct 21. The exchange chamber 25 is connected to a return duct 22 and an exhaust duct 23. The return duct 22 facilitates airflow communication between the exchange chamber 25 and the electrical compartment 101, while the exhaust duct 23 connects to an exhaust port 132. The output end of the air intake chamber 133 is connected to the air intake positions of the two centrifuge chambers 24 via air intake ducts 5.

[0020] Please refer to this first. Figure 10 The separation mechanism 3 is assembled inside the separation shell 2. Two sets of centrifugal impellers 31 are rotatably installed inside the corresponding centrifuge chambers 24. The heat exchange column 32 is arranged between the two sets of centrifugal impellers 31 and is rotatably supported in the exchange chamber 25. A transfer shaft column 33 is fixedly connected between the centrifugal impellers 31 and the heat exchange column 32 on the same side. A liquid-retaining ring 243 is provided on the inner wall of the centrifuge chamber 24 near the transfer shaft column 33. The liquid-retaining ring 243 can prevent the separated droplets from passing through the circumferential position and moving towards the centrifugal gas port 241.

[0021] Two sets of centrifuge chambers 24 are fixedly installed at opposite ends of each other, and the end of the centrifuge impeller 31 is connected to the output end of the drive motor 34 for transmission. The drive motor 34 body has a centrifuge inlet 341, and the output end of the air inlet duct 5 is connected to the centrifuge inlet 341.

[0022] Please refer to this first. Figure 13 The transfer shaft column 33 has a transfer cavity 332 inside, the centrifugal impeller 31 has a phase change cavity 311 inside, and the heat exchange column 32 has a conical cavity 322 inside. The transfer cavity 332, phase change cavity 311, and conical cavity 322 on the same side are interconnected to form a sealed chamber, which is filled with phase change fluid. The cavity wall of the phase change cavity 311 adopts a heat-conducting wall structure and is arranged in the airflow path inside the centrifugal chamber 24. Multiple heat dissipation toothed plates 321 are uniformly fixed circumferentially on the outer wall of the heat exchange column 32.

[0023] The transfer cavity 332 has a fixed reflux blade 331 installed inside it, and the reflux blade 331 is installed at an angle. As the conical cavity 322 extends from near the centrifugal impeller 31 to away from the centrifugal impeller 31, the cross-sectional area of ​​the cavity gradually decreases. This variable diameter structure can improve the accumulation of gaseous phase change liquid at this point and enhance the heat exchange effect.

[0024] Please refer to this first. Figure 10 The bottom of the exchange chamber 25 is provided with a pull-out socket, through which the collection box 4 can be detachably assembled. An annular sealing gasket is embedded in the edge of the pull-out socket. The collection box 4 is filled with an adsorption layer 42, and an evaporation through hole 41 is opened on the top of the collection box 4. The collection box 4 is connected to the internal space of the exchange chamber 25 through the evaporation through hole 41. The centrifuge liquid port 242 at the bottom of the centrifuge chamber 24 is connected downward to the inside of the collection box 4.

[0025] A one-way diaphragm 221 is installed at the end of the return duct 22 near the exchange chamber 25. The conduction direction of the one-way diaphragm 221 is set to allow only the gas inside the electrical compartment 101 to flow to the exchange chamber 25, preventing the gas inside the exchange chamber 25 from flowing back to the electrical compartment 101. The centrifugal impeller 31 and the heat dissipation toothed plate 321 are both made of thermally conductive and corrosion-resistant materials, suitable for marine salt spray corrosion conditions.

[0026] During actual operation, the ambient air carrying salt spray particles from outside the ship first passes through the primary filter 12 at the outer cabinet door 11. The primary filter 12 intercepts airborne dust, flocculent matter, and large seawater impurities formed by splashing from the sea surface, completing the first stage of filtration. The air that has passed the primary filter enters the air intake chamber 133, where it undergoes a second-stage fine filtration by the secondary filter 131 at the input end of the air intake chamber 133. This further removes fine, hard particles, preventing them from entering the separation shell 2 and causing wear on the high-speed rotating separation mechanism 3. After two stages of filtration, the air is sent through the air intake duct 5 and the centrifugal inlet 341 on the drive motor 34 into the symmetrically arranged centrifugal chambers 24.

[0027] After the drive motor 34 is powered on, it drives the centrifugal impeller 31, the central rotating shaft 33, and the heat exchange column 32 to rotate synchronously at high speed. The rotating joints of the entire separation mechanism 3 have anti-vibration capabilities and can adapt to the hull vibrations generated during ship navigation. After the salt spray-containing airflow enters the centrifuge chamber 24, it flows directly through the centrifugal impeller 31 area. The phase change cavity 311 arranged in the airflow path relies on the heat-conducting cavity wall and the flowing air for sufficient heat exchange. The phase change liquid encapsulated in the sealed cavity absorbs the heat of the incoming air and vaporizes, transforming the liquid phase change liquid into a gaseous state. This heat absorption process directly reduces the incoming air temperature inside the centrifuge chamber 24. After the air temperature drops, the micron-sized salt spray particles suspended in the airflow are more likely to collide and condense, aggregating into larger salt-containing liquid droplets.

[0028] Under the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the centrifugal impeller 31, the denser salt droplets are thrown towards the inner wall of the centrifuge chamber 24. The liquid-blocking ring 243 forms an annular barrier to prevent the separated salt droplets from crossing the annular position and flowing towards the centrifugal air inlet 241, thus preventing salt mist droplets from re-mixing into the treated clean airflow. The blocked salt droplets flow downwards along the chamber wall by gravity and drip through the centrifugal liquid inlet 242 into the collection box 4, where they are adsorbed and retained by the adsorption layer 42 inside the box.

[0029] The gaseous phase change liquid formed after vaporization is transported into the conical cavity 322 inside the heat exchange column 32 by the axial pushing action of the return vanes 331 that rotate synchronously with the shaft. The heat exchange column 32 drives the heat dissipation toothed plates 321 on the outer wall to continuously agitate the air inside the exchange chamber 25. The heat carried by the gaseous phase change liquid is conducted to the heat dissipation toothed plates 321 through the heat exchange column 32 body, releasing heat to the air inside the exchange chamber 25. After releasing heat, the gaseous phase change liquid condenses and turns back into a liquid phase change liquid. Relying on the centrifugal force generated by the high-speed rotation of the separation mechanism 3, the condensed liquid phase change liquid flows back along the inner wall of the cavity and returns to the phase change cavity 311, thereby realizing the uninterrupted vaporization and condensation cycle heat exchange of the phase change liquid in the sealed cavity. The entire phase change medium is completely sealed inside the component cavity, without leakage or direct contact with the salt spray-containing air.

[0030] Driven by the pumping action of the centrifugal impeller 31, external air is continuously supplied into the separation shell 2, creating an internal air pressure higher than that of the electrical chamber 101 within the device piping system. Under the pressure differential, the hot air generated by the heat dissipation of the components inside the electrical chamber 101 is forced into the exchange chamber 25 along the return duct 22. The one-way diaphragm 221 installed at the end of the return duct 22 can block the reverse airflow, preventing incompletely purified gas from flowing back into the electrical chamber 101 and protecting the internal environment of the electrical chamber 101.

[0031] The cooled and dried gas, after being cooled and desalinated, is output from the centrifugal air outlet 241 and transported to the N-type inner wall air duct 14 through the air supply duct 21, and then transported to the top of the electrical compartment 101. The low-temperature dry air flows down through the electrical compartment 101, washing over the surfaces of various electrical components and carrying away the heat generated by the components during operation, thus achieving ventilation and cooling of the components. After heat exchange, the heated air, driven by the pressure difference inside the system, is forced into the heat exchange chamber 25 along the return duct 22, thereby constructing a continuous circulating drying heat exchange loop between the electrical compartment 101 and the heat exchange chamber 25. The exhaust gas after heat exchange in the heat exchange chamber 25 is transported to the exhaust port 132 through the exhaust duct 23 and finally discharged to the outside of the main distribution board cabinet 1.

[0032] The collection box 4 is disassembled and maintained via a pull-out socket at the bottom of the exchange chamber 25. The annular sealing gasket at the socket fills the assembly gaps under ship vibration, rolling, and tilting conditions, preventing leakage of salt-containing liquid from the box. The evaporation through-hole 41 at the top of the collection box 4 balances the air pressure between the box and the exchange chamber 25, preventing negative pressure buildup inside the box and hindering the normal flow of salt-containing condensate into the box. During normal operation, the continuous airflow inside the exchange chamber 25 can promptly remove any escaping moisture, reducing the risk of salt substances re-entering the air path.

[0033] The moisture adsorbed by the adsorption layer 42 inside the collection box 4 will evaporate due to the ambient temperature inside the exchange chamber 25. The water vapor enters the exchange chamber 25 through the evaporation holes 41. Some water vapor will adhere to the surface of the rotating heat dissipation tooth plate 321. The evaporation of water vapor absorbs heat, which helps to dissipate heat from the heat dissipation tooth plate 321. The salt components in the salt spray will not evaporate with the moisture and will remain in the pores of the adsorption layer 42. When the adsorption layer 42 is saturated with salt, during on-site maintenance, the staff only needs to pull the collection box 4 outward and directly replace the adsorption layer 42 inside the box to complete the cleaning of salt pollutants. There is no need to disassemble the separation shell 2 and the separation mechanism 3, which effectively reduces the difficulty of on-site maintenance operations on ships.

[0034] The above description is only the best implementation method adopted in this application in combination with current practical needs, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto.

Claims

1. A marine main switchboard intelligent power distribution protection device, comprising a main switchboard cabinet (1), wherein an electrical compartment (101) is provided inside the main switchboard cabinet (1), an outer cabinet door (11) and an inner cabinet door (13) are sequentially provided on the outer wall of the main switchboard cabinet (1), an air intake chamber (133) is provided at the bottom of the inner cabinet door (13), a secondary filter screen (131) is provided at the input end of the air intake chamber (133), an exhaust port (132) is also provided at the bottom of the inner cabinet door (13), and an N-type inner wall air duct (14) is provided inside the main switchboard cabinet (1), characterized in that, Also includes: A separation housing (2) is located in the electrical compartment (101) of the main power distribution board cabinet (1). The separation housing (2) has two sets of symmetrically arranged centrifuge chambers (24). An exchange chamber (25) is set between the opposite sides of the two sets of centrifuge chambers (24). The top and bottom of the centrifuge chambers (24) are respectively provided with centrifuge air inlets (241) and centrifuge liquid inlets (242). The centrifuge air inlets (241) are connected to the input end of the N-type inner wall air duct (14) through the air supply duct (21). The exchange chambers (25) are connected to the return duct (22) and the exhaust duct (23). The exchange chambers (25) are connected to the electrical compartment (101) through the return duct (22). The exhaust duct (23) is connected to the exhaust port (132). The output end of the air inlet chamber (133) is connected to the input end of the two sets of centrifuge chambers (24) through the air inlet duct (5). The separation mechanism (3) includes centrifugal impellers (31) that are rotatably connected to the interior of the corresponding centrifugal chambers (24), and a heat exchange column (32) is provided between the two sets of centrifugal impellers (31). The heat exchange column (32) is rotatably connected to the interior of the exchange chamber (25). A central rotating shaft column (33) is fixedly assembled between the centrifugal impellers (31) and the heat exchange column (32) on the same side. The centrifuge chamber (24) is fixedly provided with a liquid-blocking ring (243) on the inner wall near the central shaft column (33) to prevent droplets from passing over the centrifuge air port (241).

2. The intelligent power distribution protection device for a marine main switchboard according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two sets of centrifuge chambers (24) are respectively fixedly equipped with drive motors (34) at their far ends. The end of the centrifuge impeller (31) is connected to the output end of the drive motor (34). The drive motor (34) is provided with a centrifuge inlet (341) that matches the input end of the centrifuge chamber (24). The output end of the air inlet duct (5) is connected to the centrifuge inlet (341).

3. The intelligent power distribution protection device for a marine main switchboard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transfer shaft (33) has a transfer cavity (332) inside, the centrifugal impeller (31) has a phase change cavity (311) inside, and the heat exchange column (32) has a conical cavity (322) inside. The transfer cavity (332), phase change cavity (311) and conical cavity (322) on the same side are interconnected to form a sealed chamber, which is filled with phase change liquid; The cavity wall of the phase change cavity (311) is a heat-conducting wall surface. The phase change cavity (311) is arranged on the airflow path inside the centrifuge chamber (24). Multiple heat dissipation tooth plates (321) are fixedly arranged at equal angles along the circumference on the outer wall of the heat exchange column (32).

4. The intelligent power distribution protection device for a marine main switchboard according to claim 3, characterized in that, The transfer cavity (332) is fixedly installed with a return blade (331), which is an inclined blade structure; the conical cavity (322) gradually reduces its cross-sectional area along the direction away from the centrifugal impeller (31).

5. The intelligent power distribution protection device for a marine main switchboard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the exchange chamber (25) is detachably fitted with a collection box (4), and the collection box (4) is filled with an adsorption layer (42). The top of the collection box (4) is provided with an evaporation through hole (41), and the collection box (4) is connected to the interior of the exchange chamber (25) through the evaporation through hole (41); the bottom of the centrifuge chamber (24) is connected to the interior of the collection box (4) through the centrifuge liquid port (242).

6. The intelligent power distribution protection device for a marine main switchboard according to claim 5, characterized in that, One-way diaphragm (221) is fixedly installed at one end of the return conduit (22) near the exchange chamber (25). The one-way diaphragm (221) is configured to allow only the gas inside the electrical compartment (101) to flow unidirectionally into the exchange chamber (25), and to prevent the gas inside the exchange chamber (25) from flowing back into the electrical compartment (101).

7. The intelligent power distribution protection device for a marine main switchboard according to claim 1, characterized in that, A primary filter screen (12) is fixedly installed on the outer cabinet door (11).

8. The intelligent power distribution protection device for a marine main switchboard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The centrifugal impeller (31) and the heat dissipation toothed plate (321) are both made of thermally conductive and corrosion-resistant materials.

9. The intelligent power distribution protection device for a marine main switchboard according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the exchange chamber (25) is provided with a pull-out socket for inserting the collection box (4), and the edge of the pull-out socket is fitted with an annular sealing gasket.

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