A battery capacity-based time-sharing power-down control system and a working method thereof

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a battery capacity-based time-sharing power-off control system and a working method thereof, and are applied to the technical field of uninterrupted power supply control. The system comprises a UPS, a battery pack, a battery inspection instrument and a power supply panel. When the commercial power is normal, the UPS supplies power to the power supply panel load; when the commercial power is interrupted, the UPS switches to battery inverter power supply, and outputs a battery power supply signal KS representing the interruption of the commercial power; the battery inspection instrument is electrically connected with the battery pack, and is used for monitoring the residual capacity of the battery pack in real time; according to the comparison relationship between the residual capacity of the battery pack and a preset capacity threshold, a corresponding trigger signal is output; the power supply panel receives the battery power supply signal KS and the trigger signal, and controls the on-off of at least one load power supply based on a preset logic. In this way, the battery discharge characteristics and the load guarantee demand can be accurately matched, and reliable locking and reasonable resetting can be realized after the low-capacity protection action.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of uninterruptible power supply control technology, and in particular to a time-sharing power-off control system based on battery capacity and its operating method. Background Technology

[0002] After a mains power outage, to ensure that critical loads at the UPS backend have the longest possible backup power time while preventing permanent damage to batteries due to over-discharge, it is usually necessary to disconnect some non-critical loads according to a preset strategy, i.e., to execute power-down control. Currently, there are two common ways to achieve this function. One is a control scheme based on fixed delay, where the UPS starts a fixed timing cycle after detecting a mains power outage and switching to battery power, and disconnects the designated load indiscriminately after the timing ends. The drawback of this scheme is that its timing logic is completely divorced from the actual discharge state of the battery. For example, when the battery pack is aging, affected by ambient temperature, or has a poor initial state of charge, its actual usable capacity may be far lower than expected. The fixed delay often causes the battery to continue deep discharge after reaching its safe discharge limit, causing irreversible damage to the battery. Conversely, if the battery is in good condition and has sufficient capacity, the fixed short delay may prematurely disconnect non-critical loads that can still continue to operate, failing to fully release the battery's reserve energy, resulting in wasted capacity and artificially shortening the effective backup power time of the core load.

[0003] Another approach is power-down control based on voltage monitoring, which involves real-time detection of the battery pack's terminal voltage. When the voltage drops to a preset threshold, a power-down action is triggered. However, the relationship between the battery's terminal voltage and its remaining capacity during discharge is not linear. Especially in the later stages of discharge, the voltage drops rapidly and is highly susceptible to fluctuations in the discharge current, resulting in momentary spikes or dips. This makes it difficult to accurately correlate a single voltage threshold with the battery's true remaining state of charge. Not only is it prone to false disconnections due to momentary voltage fluctuations, but it also fails to achieve refined, multi-level, batch management of the load.

[0004] Furthermore, in traditional solutions, when a protective shutdown is initiated due to low battery capacity, the system often lacks an effective locking mechanism. Once the mains power is restored, the disconnected load circuits will be automatically reconnected immediately. The simultaneous startup of a large number of loads can cause severe current surges to the newly restored mains power system or the UPS itself, potentially leading to secondary faults. At the same time, if the battery is not fully charged before the load is connected again, the system will fall into a state of repeated start-stop oscillations, seriously affecting the stability of the power supply system and the safety of the load equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This disclosure provides a time-sharing power-off control system based on battery capacity and its operating method, which solves the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a time-sharing power-off control system based on battery capacity is disclosed. The system includes a UPS, a battery bank, a battery monitoring device, and a power supply panel. The first output terminal of the UPS is connected to the power supply panel and is used to supply power to at least one load of the power supply panel when the mains power is normal, and to switch to the inverter power supply of the battery pack when the mains power is interrupted. The second output terminal of the UPS is used to output the battery power supply signal KS that represents the mains power interruption state. The battery monitoring device is electrically connected to the battery pack and is used to monitor the remaining capacity of the battery pack in real time. Based on the comparison between the remaining capacity of the battery pack and a preset capacity threshold, it outputs a corresponding trigger signal. The power supply panel receives the battery power supply signal KS and the trigger signal, and controls the on / off state of the power supply to at least one load based on preset logic.

[0007] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the battery inspection device has at least a first dry contact output terminal V1 and a second dry contact output terminal V2; wherein, The first dry contact output terminal V1 is configured to close when the remaining capacity of the battery pack is less than or equal to a first capacity threshold and greater than a second capacity threshold, and output a first capacity trigger signal. The second dry contact output terminal V2 is configured to close when the remaining capacity of the battery pack is less than or equal to a second capacity threshold, and output a second capacity trigger signal.

[0008] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided, wherein the preset logic includes: The power supply panel is configured to start a delay timer when it receives the battery power supply signal KS; When the power supply panel receives the first capacity trigger signal and the delay time reaches the preset delay time, the power supply panel cuts off the power supply to the at least one load. If the power supply panel receives the second capacity trigger signal, regardless of whether the delay timer reaches the preset delay duration, the power supply panel will immediately cut off the power supply to at least one load and lock the power supply circuit of the load in the disconnected state until the mains power is restored or the lock is released by manual reset.

[0009] In addition to the aspects described above and any possible implementations, a further implementation is provided in which the power supply panel includes a time relay KT1, a first control relay KA1, a second control relay KA2, and a contactor KM1: The coil of the time relay KT1 is connected to the second output terminal of the UPS, and is used to start the delay timing when the battery power supply signal KS is received, and close the delay closing contact after the timing reaches the preset delay time. The coil of the first control relay KA1 is connected in series with the first dry contact output terminal V1 of the battery inspection instrument and the delayed closing contact of the time relay KT1, so that the first control relay KA1 is energized and activated only when it simultaneously receives the first capacity trigger signal and the time relay KT1 completes the delay time. The coil of the second control relay KA2 is connected in series with the second dry contact output terminal V2 of the battery inspection instrument, so that the second control relay KA2 is energized and activated when it receives the second capacity trigger signal; The coil of the contactor KM1 is connected in series with the normally closed contact of the first control relay KA1 and the normally closed contact of the second control relay KA2, and then connected to the battery terminal of the UPS. When either the first control relay KA1 or the second control relay KA2 is energized and engaged, its corresponding normally closed contact opens, cutting off the power supply to the coil of the contactor KM1, causing the main contacts of the contactor KM1 to open, thereby cutting off the power supply to the load.

[0010] In accordance with the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the second control relay KA2 has a self-holding circuit; wherein, The normally open contact of the second control relay KA2, the normally closed contact of the manual reset switch S1, and the normally closed contact of the mains power monitoring relay KA3 are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the coil of the second control relay KA2. The coil of the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is connected to the mains power input terminal of the UPS; When the mains power is normal, the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is energized, its normally closed contact opens, and the self-holding circuit is cut off. When the mains power is interrupted and the second control relay KA2 is activated due to receiving the second capacity trigger signal, the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is de-energized, its normally closed contact closes, and the second control relay KA2 maintains the activated state through the self-holding circuit. When the mains power is restored, the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is energized, its normally closed contact opens again, the self-holding circuit of the second control relay KA2 is cut off, and the second control relay KA2 is de-energized.

[0011] In accordance with the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the power supply panel further includes a time-sharing power-off start switch QF and a time-sharing power-off indicator L; wherein, The coil of the time relay KT1, the branch containing the coil of the first control relay KA1, and the branch containing the coil of the second control relay KA2 are all connected to the battery terminal of the UPS through the time-sharing power-off switch QF. The time-sharing power-off indicator L is connected in series with the time-sharing power-off start switch QF and is used to illuminate the indicator when the time-sharing power-off function is enabled.

[0012] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which, when the load is multi-channel, each load is provided with a set of the first control relay KA1, the second control relay KA2 and the contactor KM1; The battery inspection device provides an independent set of first dry contact output terminal V1 and second dry contact output terminal V2 for each load, and sets corresponding first capacity threshold and second capacity threshold respectively. The time-delay closing contact of the time relay KT1 is simultaneously connected in series in the coil circuit of the first control relay KA1 of each load, so that the time delay function of the time relay KT1 is shared by all load branches.

[0013] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a method for operating a time-sharing power-off control system based on battery capacity is provided. The method includes: For at least one load, a first capacity threshold, a second capacity threshold, and a delay duration are preset for that load, wherein the second capacity threshold is lower than the first capacity threshold. The UPS monitors the mains power supply status and the remaining capacity of the battery pack in real time. When the mains power is interrupted and the UPS outputs the battery power supply signal KS representing the mains power interruption status, the time relay KT1 in the power supply panel starts the delay timer. During the delay timing process: If the remaining capacity of the battery pack is higher than the first capacity threshold, or the delay time has not yet reached the delay duration, then the power supply to the load is maintained. If the remaining capacity of the battery pack decreases to less than or equal to the first capacity threshold and greater than the second capacity threshold, and the delay time has reached the delay duration, then the first power-down strategy is executed to cut off the power supply to the load. If the remaining capacity of the battery pack decreases to less than or equal to the second capacity threshold, the second power-down strategy is executed to cut off the power supply to the load and lock the power supply circuit of the load in the cut-off state so that it cannot be restored on its own.

[0014] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the execution of the first power-down strategy includes: The first dry contact output terminal V1 of the battery inspection instrument closes when the remaining capacity of the battery pack is less than or equal to the first capacity threshold and greater than the second capacity threshold, and outputs a first capacity trigger signal. The time relay KT1 inside the power supply panel closes its delay closing contact after the delay time reaches the specified delay duration. The first capacity trigger signal is ANDed with the delayed closing contact, which energizes the coil of the first control relay KA1 in the power supply panel and causes the normally closed contact of the first control relay KA1 to open, thereby cutting off the power supply to the coil of contactor KM1 and causing the main contact of contactor KM1 to open, so as to cut off the power supply to the load. The execution of the second power-down strategy includes: The second dry contact output terminal V2 of the battery inspection instrument closes when the remaining capacity of the battery pack is less than or equal to the second capacity threshold, and outputs a second capacity trigger signal. The second capacity trigger signal energizes and engages the coil of the second control relay KA2 within the power supply panel. The normally closed contact of the second control relay KA2 opens, thereby cutting off the power supply to the coil of contactor KM1 and causing the main contacts of contactor KM1 to open, thus cutting off the power supply to the load. Meanwhile, the second control relay KA2 maintains the engaged state through its self-holding circuit, thereby locking the power supply circuit of the load in the disconnected state.

[0015] As described above and in any possible implementation, a further implementation is provided in which the second control relay KA2 maintains the engaged state via a self-holding circuit, comprising: After the second control relay KA2 is energized, its normally open contact closes. In the event of a mains power outage, the coil of the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is de-energized, and its normally closed contact closes. This, together with the already closed normally open contact and the normally closed contact of the manual reset switch S1, forms a conducting self-holding circuit, thereby continuously energizing the coil of the second control relay KA2. When the mains power is restored, the coil of the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is energized, its normally closed contact opens, forcibly cutting off the self-holding circuit, causing the second control relay KA2 to lose power, thereby automatically releasing the locked state of the load power supply circuit, and the power supply to the load is automatically restored. If it is necessary to manually release the locked state of the load power supply circuit, operate the manual reset switch S1 to open its normally closed contact, forcibly cut off the self-holding circuit, and de-energize the second control relay KA2.

[0016] According to a third aspect of this disclosure, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the program to implement the method described above.

[0017] According to a fourth aspect of this disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods according to the first and / or second aspects of this disclosure.

[0018] In this disclosure, the power supply panel can simultaneously detect both the explicit state-switching signal of "mains power interruption" and the trigger signal from the battery monitoring device reflecting the actual remaining battery capacity. The combination of these two signals allows the power supply panel's built-in preset logic to no longer rely on vague voltage readings or blind time accumulation, but rather to make decisions regarding load power supply based on the battery's actual energy state. Therefore, after a mains power interruption and switch to battery power, the power supply panel does not immediately disconnect the loads. Instead, based on the capacity trigger signal output by the battery monitoring device, it maintains power supply to all loads while the battery capacity is still sufficient, maximizing the utilization of the battery's stored energy. When the remaining capacity enters a preset threshold range, the power supply panel can systematically disconnect non-critical loads according to preset logic, thus reserving the increasingly scarce electrical energy for the most critical equipment and substantially extending the continuous operating time of core loads. This precise capacity sensing and signal-linked control avoids the battery capacity waste caused by premature disconnection due to fixed time settings in traditional solutions, and also eliminates battery over-discharge damage caused by delayed disconnection, greatly improving battery cycle life and the overall reliability of the power supply system. As can be seen, the solution disclosed herein achieves refined and automated energy management by using the actual remaining battery capacity to drive the power-down sequence through the signal and logic coordination between the UPS, battery monitoring device and power supply panel. While ensuring the continuity of power supply to the load, it also effectively protects the battery itself, demonstrating flexible and reliable technical advantages.

[0019] It should be understood that the description in the Summary of the Invention is not intended to limit the key or essential features of the embodiments of this disclosure, nor is it intended to restrict the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The above and other features, advantages, and aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. The drawings are provided for a better understanding of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements, wherein: Figure 1 A circuit diagram of a time-sharing power-off control system based on battery capacity, provided by an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. Figure 2 A circuit diagram of a power supply panel provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown; Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the operation method of a time-sharing power-off control system based on battery capacity, provided by an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown.

[0021] Figure 4 A block diagram of an exemplary electronic device capable of implementing embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0023] Furthermore, the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0024] In this disclosure, the power supply panel can simultaneously detect both the explicit state-switching signal of "mains power interruption" and the trigger signal from the battery monitoring device reflecting the actual remaining battery capacity. The combination of these two signals allows the power supply panel's built-in preset logic to no longer rely on vague voltage readings or blind time accumulation, but rather to make decisions regarding load power supply based on the battery's actual energy state. Therefore, after a mains power interruption and switch to battery power, the power supply panel does not immediately disconnect the loads. Instead, based on the capacity trigger signal output by the battery monitoring device, it maintains power supply to all loads while the battery capacity is still sufficient, maximizing the utilization of the battery's stored energy. When the remaining capacity enters a preset threshold range, the power supply panel can systematically disconnect non-critical loads according to preset logic, thus reserving the increasingly scarce electrical energy for the most critical equipment and substantially extending the continuous operating time of core loads. This precise capacity sensing and signal-linked control avoids the battery capacity waste caused by premature disconnection due to fixed time settings in traditional solutions, and also eliminates battery over-discharge damage caused by delayed disconnection, greatly improving battery cycle life and the overall reliability of the power supply system. As can be seen, the solution disclosed herein achieves refined and automated energy management by using the actual remaining battery capacity to drive the power-down sequence through the signal and logic coordination between the UPS, battery monitoring device and power supply panel. While ensuring the continuity of power supply to the load, it also effectively protects the battery itself, demonstrating flexible and reliable technical advantages.

[0025] Example 1 The following reference Figure 1 This embodiment describes a time-sharing power-off control system based on battery capacity, such as... Figure 1 As shown, a time-sharing power-off control system based on battery capacity includes a UPS, a battery bank, a battery monitoring device, and a power supply panel; wherein, The first output of the UPS is connected to the power supply panel and is used to supply power to at least one load of the power supply panel when the mains power is normal, and to switch to the inverter power supply of the battery pack when the mains power is interrupted. The second output of the UPS is used to output the battery power supply signal KS that represents the mains power interruption state. The battery monitoring device is electrically connected to the battery pack and is used to monitor the remaining capacity of the battery pack in real time. Based on the comparison between the remaining capacity of the battery pack and the preset capacity threshold, it outputs a corresponding trigger signal. The power supply panel receives the battery power supply signal KS and the trigger signal, and controls the on / off state of at least one load power supply based on preset logic.

[0026] Specifically, the UPS, as the core of the power supply, connects to the mains power at its input and to the AC bus of the power supply panel at its first output. When the mains power is normal, it directly provides AC power to at least one load connected to the back end of the power supply panel, while simultaneously performing float charging or equalization charging maintenance on the battery pack through its internal rectification-charging circuit. Once the mains power is interrupted, the UPS seamlessly switches to battery pack inverter power supply using its DC bus and inverter module, maintaining uninterrupted AC output at the first output. Unlike known solutions that rely solely on voltage monitoring or fixed delay control, this system introduces a battery monitoring unit as a capacity sensing unit, logically linking its output to the UPS's own status signals. The battery monitoring unit is electrically connected to the battery pack via voltage sampling lines and current sensors. Based on real-time collected individual cell voltages, battery terminal voltages, charging and discharging currents, and temperature compensation parameters, it dynamically calculates the remaining capacity of the battery pack using built-in state-of-charge estimation models such as ampere-hour integration or impedance tracking. This remaining capacity is then compared in real-time with a pre-set capacity threshold, and a corresponding trigger signal is output. Meanwhile, the second output of the UPS is independent of the AC power supply circuit and is dedicated to outputting a battery power supply signal KS. This signal can be represented by a closed dry contact or a level flip, clearly indicating that the system is currently disconnected from the mains power and is in a battery discharge state. The power supply panel, as the execution terminal for load power distribution and logic control, receives both the battery power supply signal KS and the capacity trigger signal output by the battery monitoring device. Internally, it has a preset logic circuit composed of time relays, control relays, contactors, and status indicator circuits. Based on this logic, it performs graded control actions on at least one load power supply circuit, including maintaining power, delayed disconnection, or immediate disconnection and locking. In this way, the power supply panel no longer passively relies on a vague mains power interruption time or a single voltage threshold for power-off judgment, but can distinguish different stages after a mains power interruption and directly decide the on / off state of the load power supply circuit based on the essential parameter of the remaining battery energy.

[0027] In some embodiments, the battery inspection device has at least a first dry contact output terminal V1 and a second dry contact output terminal V2; wherein... The first dry contact output terminal V1 is configured to close when the remaining capacity of the battery pack is less than or equal to a first capacity threshold and greater than a second capacity threshold, and output a first capacity trigger signal. The second dry contact output terminal V2 is configured to close when the remaining capacity of the battery pack is less than or equal to the second capacity threshold, and output a second capacity trigger signal.

[0028] Specifically, the battery monitoring device, as the core component for capacity sensing, has at least two independently programmable dry contact outputs, denoted as the first dry contact output V1 and the second dry contact output V2. These two outputs are triggered based on the actual remaining capacity of the battery pack, corresponding to two capacity thresholds preset by maintenance personnel according to load importance and battery discharge characteristics, with the second capacity threshold being lower than the first. When the battery pack continues to discharge due to a mains power outage, and its remaining capacity gradually decreases and enters a range less than or equal to the first capacity threshold but still higher than the second capacity threshold, the first dry contact output V1 closes, outputting a first capacity trigger signal. If the remaining battery capacity further deteriorates, decreasing to less than or equal to the second capacity threshold, the second dry contact output V2 closes, outputting a second capacity trigger signal. These two dry contact signals are electrically independent, typically using passive contacts, and can be directly connected to the power supply panel's logic control circuit without being affected by potential differences.

[0029] In some embodiments, the preset logic includes: The power supply panel is configured to start a delay timer upon receiving a battery power supply signal KS; When the power supply panel receives the first capacity trigger signal and the delay time reaches the preset delay time, the power supply panel cuts off the power supply to at least one load. If the power supply panel receives the second capacity trigger signal, regardless of whether the delay timer reaches the preset delay duration, the power supply panel will immediately cut off the power supply to at least one load and lock the power supply circuit of that load in the disconnected state until the mains power is restored or the lock is released by manual reset.

[0030] Specifically, the power supply panel has a pre-built logic control strategy that matches the aforementioned signals. When the power supply panel receives the battery power supply signal KS through the second output terminal of the UPS, it determines that the system has entered the battery discharge state and immediately activates the internal delay timing function. However, it does not immediately disconnect the load but instead provides the load with a necessary period of continuous operation. During the delay timing process, if the remaining battery capacity is always higher than the first capacity threshold, the system will not trigger a power-down action even if the timing is completed, to ensure that the battery's stored energy is utilized as fully as possible. Only when the delay timing has reached the preset delay duration, and the power supply panel receives the first capacity trigger signal sent from the closed terminal of the battery monitor V1, will the power supply panel execute the first power-down strategy, cutting off the power supply to the corresponding load, thereby concentrating limited power to protect more critical equipment. When the battery discharge rate is too fast or the remaining capacity drops sharply due to unforeseen circumstances, triggering the second capacity threshold, the power supply panel will immediately execute the second power-down strategy, instantly cutting off the power supply circuit to that load, regardless of whether the delay timer has been completed. This disconnected state will be hardware-locked to prevent accidental redoing due to voltage recovery or system disturbances. The locked state will only be lifted when the mains power returns to normal or when maintenance personnel manually reset it. This mechanism fundamentally avoids the impact and repeated start-stop problems caused by the blind automatic connection of loads after the mains power is restored, as seen in existing technologies.

[0031] In some embodiments, the power supply panel includes a time relay KT1, a first control relay KA1, a second control relay KA2, and a contactor KM1: The coil of time relay KT1 is connected to the second output terminal of the UPS. It is used to start the delay timing when the battery power supply signal KS is received, and to close the delay closing contact after the timing reaches the preset delay time. The coil of the first control relay KA1 is connected in series with the first dry contact output terminal V1 of the battery inspection instrument and the delayed closing contact of the time relay KT1, so that the first control relay KA1 is energized and activated only when it simultaneously receives the first capacity trigger signal and the time relay KT1 completes the delay time. The coil of the second control relay KA2 is connected in series with the output terminal V2 of the second dry contact of the battery inspection instrument, so that the second control relay KA2 is energized and activated when it receives the second capacity trigger signal. The coil of contactor KM1 is connected in series with the normally closed contact of the first control relay KA1 and the normally closed contact of the second control relay KA2, and then connected to the battery terminal of the UPS. When either the first control relay KA1 or the second control relay KA2 is energized and engaged, its corresponding normally closed contact opens, cutting off the power supply to the coil of contactor KM1, causing the main contacts of contactor KM1 to open, thereby cutting off the power supply to the load.

[0032] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, to implement the above logic, the power supply panel is equipped with a discrete component control circuit centered on a time relay KT1, a first control relay KA1, a second control relay KA2, and a contactor KM1. The coil of the time relay KT1 is directly connected across the second output terminal of the UPS. When the battery power supply signal KS arrives, the coil of KT1 is energized and begins a delay timer. Its delay-closing contact will only close after the preset delay duration has elapsed. The coil circuit of the first control relay KA1 is designed with dual-condition series connection: the first dry contact output terminal V1 of the battery monitoring instrument is connected in series with the delay-closing contact of the time relay KT1, and then connected to the coil of KA1. This means that KA1 can only be energized and engaged when the remaining battery capacity has fallen into the first capacity threshold range and the preset delay duration after the mains power interruption has been completely exhausted. The coil circuit of the second control relay KA2 is connected in series only with the second dry contact output terminal V2 of the battery monitoring instrument, without any delay. Once the remaining battery capacity reaches the second capacity threshold, V2 closes, and KA2 immediately and unconditionally engages. Contactor KM1 is the final actuator controlling the load power supply. Its coil power supply circuit is carefully connected in series with the normally closed contacts of the first control relay KA1 and the second control relay KA2, and then connected to the control power supplied by the UPS battery terminals. During battery power supply, as long as neither KA1 nor KA2 operates, their normally closed contacts remain closed, the KM1 coil is continuously energized, its main contacts engage, and the load operates normally. When KA1 engages due to meeting both delay and capacity conditions, or when KA2 engages due to low capacity, the corresponding normally closed contacts open, directly cutting off the power supply circuit of the KM1 coil, releasing the KM1 main contacts, and reliably disconnecting the load.

[0033] In some embodiments, the second control relay KA2 has a self-holding circuit; wherein... The normally open contact of the second control relay KA2, the normally closed contact of the manual reset switch S1, and the normally closed contact of the mains monitoring relay KA3 are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the coil of the second control relay KA2. The coil of the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is connected to the mains power input of the UPS; When the mains power is normal, the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is energized, its normally closed contact opens, and the self-holding circuit is cut off. When the mains power is interrupted and the second control relay KA2 is activated due to receiving the second capacity trigger signal, the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is de-energized, its normally closed contact closes, and the second control relay KA2 maintains the activated state through the self-holding circuit. When the mains power is restored, the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is energized, its normally closed contact opens again, the self-holding circuit of the second control relay KA2 is cut off, and the second control relay KA2 is de-energized.

[0034] Specifically, to prevent the load circuit from being accidentally restored after the second power-down strategy is executed, the second control relay KA2 is also equipped with a self-holding and reset management circuit. A set of normally open contacts of KA2, a normally closed contact of a manual reset switch S1, and a normally closed contact of a mains power monitoring relay KA3 are connected in series to form a self-holding branch, which is then connected in parallel across the coil of KA2. The coil of the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is connected across the mains power input side of the UPS. When the mains power is normal, KA3 is energized and its normally closed contact is in the open state, the self-holding circuit is cut off, and KA2 cannot self-hold. When the mains power is interrupted or the battery is discharging, KA3 loses power, its normally closed contact resets and closes, creating conditions for self-holding. At this point, if the remaining battery capacity drops to the second capacity threshold, V2 closes, causing KA2 to engage. The normally open contact of KA2 then closes, forming a closed circuit through the already closed normally closed contact of KA3 and the normally closed contact of the manual reset switch S1. This ensures that even if V2 may disconnect again due to capacity fluctuations, the KA2 coil remains engaged through the self-holding circuit, thus firmly locking the load power supply circuit in the disconnected state. Only when the mains power is restored and the KA3 coil is re-energized, its normally closed contact opens, forcibly releasing the self-holding, de-energizing KA2, and automatically releasing the load circuit lock, restoring normal power supply. If manual intervention is required during battery power supply, the operator can press the manual reset switch S1 to open its normally closed contact, similarly cutting off the self-holding circuit, de-energizing KA2, and achieving manual reset. This redundant and reliable locking and reset design ensures that after the battery deep discharge protection trips, the system will not immediately and drastically restart upon mains power restoration, nor will it reconnect the load before the battery has been recharged, guaranteeing the smoothness of power restoration and the safety of the load equipment from a hardware perspective.

[0035] In some embodiments, the power supply panel further includes a time-sharing power-off start switch QF and a time-sharing power-off indicator L; wherein, The coils of time relay KT1, the first control relay KA1, and the second control relay KA2 are all connected to the battery terminals of the UPS via a time-sharing power-off switch QF. The time-sharing power-off indicator L is connected in series with the time-sharing power-off start switch QF to illuminate the indicator when the time-sharing power-off function is enabled.

[0036] Specifically, to grant on-site maintenance personnel proactive management authority over the time-sharing power-off function and to visually display its operational status, the power supply panel is equipped with a time-sharing power-off start switch QF and a time-sharing power-off indicator light L, which are connected in series as the controlled power input for the entire control logic circuit. Specifically, the coil branches of time relay KT1, the first control relay KA1, and the second control relay KA2 are no longer directly connected to the UPS battery terminals, but are instead connected to the aforementioned control power supply via the normally open contact of the time-sharing power-off start switch QF. In this way, the time-sharing power-off start switch QF becomes the common power switch for all power-off logic circuits. The time-sharing power-off control function is activated only when maintenance personnel manually close QF according to the on-site backup strategy, and the coil circuits of time relay KT1 and various control relays are energized. If maintenance personnel disconnect QF for maintenance, testing, or temporary changes to the power supply strategy, the entire time-sharing power-off logic circuit is completely disconnected from the power supply. The time relay cannot start timing, and neither the first control relay KA1 nor the second control relay KA2 can operate. The coil circuits of all contactors KM1 are only held by their normally closed contacts, the load power supply circuit remains in a normally closed power supply state, and the time-sharing power-off function is safely bypassed. This design prioritizes power supply safety by default, and function activation requires manual confirmation, effectively preventing unexpected load disconnection due to accidental triggering of the battery power supply signal KS during equipment commissioning or battery maintenance. Meanwhile, the time-sharing power-off indicator L is connected in series in the main circuit where QF is located. When QF is closed and the control power supply is normal, L lights up to provide a visible light indication, clearly informing on-site personnel that the system is currently in the time-sharing power-off function enabled state. When QF is disconnected or the control power supply is lost, L turns off, providing clear status feedback and reducing the risk of misjudgment by maintenance personnel due to unclear status.

[0037] In some embodiments, when there are multiple loads, each load is provided with a set of first control relay KA1, second control relay KA2 and contactor KM1; The battery inspection device provides an independent set of first dry contact output terminal V1 and second dry contact output terminal V2 for each load, and sets the corresponding first capacity threshold and second capacity threshold respectively. The time delay closing contact of time relay KT1 is simultaneously connected in series in the coil circuit of the first control relay KA1 of each load, so that the time delay function of time relay KT1 is shared by all load branches.

[0038] Specifically, when multiple loads of different priorities need to be connected to the power supply panel, the system modularly expands the control architecture described above, configuring each load with an independent execution unit consisting of a first control relay KA1, a second control relay KA2, and a contactor KM1. Taking the nth load as an example, its power supply circuit has the main contact of contactor KMn connected in series, while the power supply circuit of the KMn coil is connected in series with the normally closed contacts of KAn1 and KAn2. Its operating logic is completely consistent with that of a single load. Corresponding to this hardware configuration, the battery monitoring device also provides a pair of dry contact output terminals, namely Vn1 and Vn2, for each load, and sets a dedicated first capacity threshold and second capacity threshold for each load based on its protection priority and allowable discharge depth.

[0039] For example, for critical loads that must maintain operation for as long as possible, their first and second capacity thresholds can be set extremely low, or even only the last second capacity threshold can be retained as a final safety net, while the delay can be set to a longer duration or not participate in power-down at all. For medium-priority loads that require moderate protection, a moderate capacity threshold and delay can be set. For non-critical loads that can be disconnected earlier, a higher first capacity threshold and a shorter delay can be set. The power-down conditions for each load are independent of each other. When the battery pack discharges to a certain capacity level, only those load circuits whose preset thresholds are triggered will be powered down, thus achieving truly refined hierarchical power-down management.

[0040] Specifically, although the coil circuits of the first control relays KAn1 for each load independently receive capacity trigger signals from the battery monitoring instrument Vn1, they are all managed by the same time relay KT1. The delayed closing contact of KT1 is connected in series with the coil circuits of the first control relays for all load branches. This means that after a mains power outage, the delay timing start points of all load branches are forcibly synchronized, sharing the same preset delay duration. This "centralized delay, decentralized decision-making" architecture ensures the coordination of the actions of each load in the time dimension, avoiding the power-down sequence chaos caused by the discreteness of multiple independent time relays. It also simplifies the circuit structure by sharing a single delay element, reducing equipment costs and potential failure points. Through this design, the system achieves precise control of a single load and differentiated protection for multiple loads while also considering operational convenience and status observability, fundamentally improving the level of refined management of battery backup power supply.

[0041] Example 2 This embodiment provides a working method for the system of Embodiment 1, such as... Figure 3 As shown, it includes the following steps: S310, for at least one load, a first capacity threshold, a second capacity threshold and a delay duration are preset for that load, wherein the second capacity threshold is lower than the first capacity threshold.

[0042] Specifically, for each load to be included in the time-sharing power-off management, its control parameters are tuned and configured. This forms the basis for all subsequent logical decisions. Parameter tuning is not a simple numerical selection but requires a comprehensive consideration of the load's business criticality, the longest allowable interruption time, power consumption characteristics, and the expected discharge curve of the battery pack under that load power. The first capacity threshold is set to define the upper limit of a "conditional cut-off interval." When the remaining battery capacity is higher than this value, it is generally considered that the energy reserve is sufficient and there is no need to initiate power-off. Only when the capacity drops below this value and the time condition is met can the cut-off be performed. Therefore, the first capacity threshold usually corresponds to the capacity inflection point at which non-critical loads can be considered for cut-off, provided that sufficient backup power time is guaranteed for the core load. The second capacity threshold is set more stringently. Its value is lower than the first capacity threshold, corresponding to the state where the battery is close to its discharge limit, and any further deep discharge may cause irreversible damage or cause the critical load to face the risk of immediate power loss. It defines an "unconditional immediate protection interval." The delay duration setting is equally crucial, as it determines the minimum guaranteed operating time the load can receive after a mains power outage, regardless of changes in battery capacity, to meet basic requirements such as data preservation, process completion, or backup device startup. These three parameters are not set in isolation, but are configured separately for each load's independent channel within the battery monitoring device or host computer management software. For the battery monitoring device, this means setting the reference values ​​of its internal comparators used to output the first and second dry contact signals to the first and second capacity thresholds corresponding to that load, respectively. For the time relay KT1 in the power supply panel, its delay setting value must be set to the desired delay duration via the dial or DIP switch on its panel. When the system involves multiple loads, although each load shares the same unified delay reference provided by the same time relay KT1, the first and second capacity thresholds corresponding to each load are set independently. This forms a flexible parameter system of "unified time coordinate and differentiated capacity triggering", which allows high-priority loads to set their capacity thresholds lower to delay power-off as much as possible, while low-priority loads can set their capacity thresholds higher to release power as early as possible.

[0043] Specifically, after the parameters are set, maintenance personnel need to manually close the time-sharing power-off start switch QF located on the power supply panel according to the on-site backup strategy. After the normally open contact of QF closes, the coil branch of time relay KT1, the coil branches of each first control relay KA1, and the coil branches of each second control relay KA2 are all connected to the UPS battery terminals through QF to obtain control power. At the same time, the time-sharing power-off indicator L connected in series in this main circuit lights up, clearly indicating to on-site personnel that the current system is in the time-sharing power-off function enabled state. If maintenance personnel need to disconnect QF for maintenance or temporary strategy changes, the entire time-sharing power-off logic circuit is completely disconnected from the power supply, all relays cannot operate, the load remains in a constant power supply state, and the function is safely bypassed.

[0044] S320 monitors the mains power supply status and the remaining capacity of the battery pack in real time. When the mains power is interrupted and the UPS outputs the battery power supply signal KS indicating the mains power interruption status, the time relay KT1 in the power panel starts the delay timer.

[0045] Specifically, after the system enters normal operation, real-time monitoring of the mains power supply status and the remaining capacity of the battery pack forms the perception basis for the entire time-sharing power-off logic. The two are parallel and indispensable. On the mains side, the UPS continuously monitors the amplitude, frequency, and waveform quality of its input AC voltage. Once a mains power interruption or severe deterioration of power quality occurs, the control unit inside the UPS will perform two actions simultaneously: first, by seamlessly connecting the DC bus and the inverter module, the power source is switched to the battery pack to maintain uninterrupted AC output at the first output terminal; second, an independent battery power supply signal KS is output at the second output terminal. Electrically, this signal is usually the closing of a passive dry contact or the flipping of an optocoupler isolation level. Its physical meaning is to clearly announce to the external control system that "the system has entered the battery discharge state". On the battery side, the battery monitoring device continuously acquires the terminal voltage of each individual battery, the terminal voltage of the battery pack, the charging and discharging current, and the ambient temperature through its voltage sampling line, temperature probe, and Hall current sensor. Based on its built-in state-of-charge estimation algorithm, it calculates and updates the remaining capacity of the battery pack in real time. This monitoring process is continuous and uninterrupted. Even before a mains power outage, the battery monitoring device keeps tracking the battery pack capacity in float charging mode, ensuring accurate remaining capacity data is provided immediately after a power outage, without any lag window due to cold starts or re-estimation.

[0046] Specifically, when the power supply panel receives the battery power supply signal KS from the second output of the UPS, it marks the formal activation of the entire time-sharing power-off control logic. At this time, the signal is directly applied to both ends of the coil of the time relay KT1, energizing the coil and immediately starting the delay timing. It is worth noting that KT1's timing does not start accumulating regular time pulses from the moment of power-on, but rather counts down or accumulates the delay based on its internally set delay duration. Before the timing reaches the preset value, its delay closing contact remains open. The starting condition for this timing process is clear and unique—the effective arrival of the battery power supply signal KS, regardless of the battery's remaining capacity at that time. Even if the battery pack is still at full or high capacity, the time relay will still start timing as usual, because the essence of the delay is to provide the load with a mandatory minimum guaranteed operating time, rather than waiting for the capacity to be exhausted. Meanwhile, the timing circuit of KT1 is controlled by the time-sharing power-off start switch QF. Only when QF is in the closed position can the signal be applied to the KT1 coil. If QF is open, the entire time-sharing power-off logic circuit has no control power supply, KT1 does not start, and the load remains in a constant power supply state. This provides the system with an active management method for function activation and deactivation. Therefore, S320 transforms the mains power interruption event into a reliable and immediate timing starting point, providing an indispensable time reference for the subsequent joint determination of capacity and time conditions in S330.

[0047] S330, during the delay timing process: if the remaining capacity of the battery pack is higher than the first capacity threshold, or the delay timing has not yet reached the delay duration, then the power supply to the load is maintained.

[0048] Specifically, when the remaining capacity of the battery pack is higher than the preset first capacity threshold for that load, it indicates that the battery's current energy reserves are still relatively abundant and have not yet entered the capacity window where it is necessary to start considering cutting off non-critical loads. In this case, regardless of whether the delay timer of time relay KT1 has reached the preset delay duration, the power supply panel must not perform a power-off operation on that load. This design is rooted in prioritizing respect for the actual state of the battery: the fixed delay scheme causes capacity waste precisely because it forcibly cuts off the load based solely on the passage of time when the capacity is fully sufficient. However, this system, through the real-time remaining capacity data provided by the battery monitoring instrument, ensures that the time condition can only play a role when the capacity condition is also met simultaneously, thus fundamentally eliminating this waste. At this time, the delay closing contact of time relay KT1 may have already closed, but because the first dry contact output terminal V1 of the battery monitoring instrument remains open due to the remaining capacity being higher than the first capacity threshold, the coil circuit of the first control relay KA1 cannot conduct, the normally closed contact of KA1 remains closed, the coil of contactor KM1 continues to be energized, and the power supply to the load is not affected in any way.

[0049] Similarly, if the preset delay time has not been reached, even if the remaining capacity of the battery pack has dropped below the first capacity threshold or continues to decrease, the system will still forcibly maintain power supply to that load. This is because the delay time represents a mandatory guaranteed operating time that the load must obtain after a mains power outage. No matter how quickly the battery discharge process accelerates, the load's right to power supply will not be deprived during this period. This is crucial for loads that need to execute a safe shutdown sequence, complete critical data storage, or wait for the standby generator to stably start operation. In this case, even if the first dry contact output terminal V1 of the battery monitoring instrument closes because the remaining capacity has entered the first capacity threshold range, the delay closing contact of the time relay KT1 in the circuit of the first control relay KA1 remains open because the delay condition is not met, and KA1 cannot be energized; while the operating logic of the second control relay KA2 does not depend on the delay, if the capacity has not yet dropped to the second capacity threshold at this time, V2 is also not closed, and KA2 also cannot operate. Therefore, the coil circuit of contactor KM1 remains conductive through the normally closed contacts of KA1 and KA2, and the main contacts of KM1 remain continuously engaged, ensuring stable load operation. This mechanism provides the system with a "time-tolerance" capability, meaning that unexpected acceleration or short-term capacity fluctuations during the initial stage of battery discharge will not lead to hasty load disconnection, ensuring the integrity and predictability of load operation. Through the synergistic effect of the two parallel conditions mentioned above, the power supply maintenance state described by S330 essentially constructs a "first-protection, then-energy-saving" buffer zone. In the early and middle stages of battery backup power supply, the system always prioritizes ensuring the continuous operation of the load, accumulating sufficient capacity information and time margin for subsequent refined power-off decisions.

[0050] S340, if the remaining capacity of the battery pack decreases to less than or equal to the first capacity threshold and greater than the second capacity threshold, and the delay time has reached the delay duration, then the first power-down strategy is executed to cut off the power supply to the load.

[0051] In some embodiments, implementing the first power-down strategy includes: The first dry contact output terminal V1 of the battery inspection instrument closes when the remaining capacity of the battery pack is less than or equal to the first capacity threshold and greater than the second capacity threshold, and outputs the first capacity trigger signal. The time relay KT1 inside the power supply panel closes its delay closing contact after the delay time has been reached. The first capacity trigger signal is ANDed with the delayed closing contact, which energizes the coil of the first control relay KA1 in the power supply panel and causes the normally closed contact of the first control relay KA1 to open, thereby cutting off the power supply to the coil of contactor KM1 and causing the main contacts of contactor KM1 to open, thus cutting off the power supply to the load.

[0052] Specifically, the battery monitoring device continuously samples and estimates the battery pack. Once it determines that the remaining capacity of the battery pack has decreased to less than or equal to a first capacity threshold preset for that load, but still higher than a second capacity threshold, its internal comparator output state flips, driving the first dry contact output V1 from an open state to a closed state, outputting a first capacity trigger signal to the power supply panel. This signal exists in the form of a passive dry contact closure, electrically independent of the battery pack's power circuit, and serves only as one of the input conditions for logical judgment. At the same time, the time relay KT1, which started timing the instant the mains power was interrupted, will also change its internal delay closing contact from an open state to a closed state if its timing process has reached the set delay duration. These two contacts—the closure of V1 and the closure of the KT1 delay-closing contact—are connected in series in the hardware circuit of the power supply panel, and are connected together in the coil power supply circuit of the first control relay KA1. This constitutes a strict two-input AND logic: the coil circuit of KA1 is only fully turned on when the remaining capacity of the battery falls into the first capacity threshold range and the forced guarantee delay set after the mains power interruption has been completely exhausted. Both are indispensable.

[0053] Once the above two conditions are met simultaneously, the KA1 coil is energized and engages. Its normally closed contact, driven by its armature, changes from closed to open within milliseconds of mechanical action. This normally closed contact is connected in series in the power supply circuit of the KM1 coil of the load circuit, and its opening directly cuts off the current path of the KM1 coil. After the KM1 coil is de-energized, its electromagnetic attraction disappears, and the main contact is quickly released under the action of the return spring, disconnecting the electrical connection between the load circuit and the AC output bus of the power supply panel, thus reliably cutting off the load power supply. The entire execution process requires no controller intervention and is completed entirely by the relay hard logic circuit at the analog signal level, resulting in extremely fast response speed and immunity to software crashes or communication interruptions. At this point, the first power-down strategy is completed. The load circuit is orderly decommissioned after a mains power outage, when the battery capacity reaches the preset normal power-down window, and the forced protection time has been exhausted. The battery energy consumed is saved and transferred to critical loads with lower capacity thresholds and higher priority for continued use. This mechanism stands in stark contrast to the crude power-down approach that relies solely on fixed delays or voltage thresholds in existing technologies. It provides the necessary protection for the load in the time dimension and avoids unnecessary energy consumption in the capacity dimension, achieving a reasonable balance between security and economy in the backup power supply process of batteries.

[0054] S350, if the remaining capacity of the battery pack decreases to less than or equal to the second capacity threshold, the second power-down strategy is executed to cut off the power supply to the load and lock the power supply circuit of the load in the cut-off state so that it cannot be restored on its own.

[0055] In some embodiments, implementing the second power-down strategy includes: The second dry contact output terminal V2 of the battery inspection instrument closes when the remaining capacity of the battery pack is less than or equal to the second capacity threshold, and outputs the second capacity trigger signal. The second capacity trigger signal energizes the coil of the second control relay KA2 in the power supply panel, causing the normally closed contact of the second control relay KA2 to open, thereby cutting off the power supply to the coil of contactor KM1 and causing the main contacts of contactor KM1 to open, thus cutting off the power supply to the load. At the same time, the second control relay KA2 maintains the engaged state through its self-holding circuit, thereby locking the power supply circuit of the load in the disconnected state.

[0056] Specifically, when the battery pack's discharge process exceeds the conditional cutoff interval defined by the first capacity threshold, continues to deteriorate, and eventually reaches the second capacity threshold, the system will no longer be constrained by any delay conditions and will immediately switch to the most urgent second power-down strategy, executing protective cutoff and implementing hardware locking. The second capacity threshold is the bottom line boundary for safe battery discharge. Its value corresponds to the lowest state of charge that the battery pack can tolerate while avoiding irreversible damage. Once the remaining capacity is less than or equal to this value, any further deep discharge may lead to permanent capacity decay, plate sulfation, or even thermal runaway, and also means that critical loads are at risk of power loss at any time. At this time, the comparator inside the battery monitoring instrument corresponding to the second capacity threshold immediately flips, driving the output terminal V2 of the second dry contact to change from open to closed, outputting the second capacity trigger signal. This signal is directly applied to the two ends of the coil of the second control relay KA2 in the power panel. The KA2 coil is energized and closes, and its normally closed contact connected in series in the coil circuit of contactor KM1 immediately opens. The KM1 coil is de-energized, the main contacts are released, and the load power supply is physically cut off in a very short time. This action path completely bypasses the delay of the time relay KT1, and is not constrained by whether the delay time is exhausted, ensuring that the load cut-off command can be executed as quickly as possible when the battery capacity reaches the danger threshold.

[0057] In some embodiments, the second control relay KA2 maintains the engaged state through a self-holding circuit, including: After the second control relay KA2 is energized, its normally open contact closes. In the event of a mains power outage, the coil of the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is de-energized, and its normally closed contact closes. This, together with the already closed normally open contact and the normally closed contact of the manual reset switch S1, forms a conducting self-holding circuit, thereby keeping the coil of the second control relay KA2 continuously energized. When the mains power is restored, the coil of the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is energized, its normally closed contact opens, forcibly cutting off the self-holding circuit, causing the second control relay KA2 to lose power, thereby automatically releasing the locked state of the load power supply circuit, and the power supply to the load is automatically restored. If it is necessary to manually release the locked state of the load power supply circuit, operate the manual reset switch S1 to open its normally closed contact, forcibly cut off the self-holding circuit, and de-energize the second control relay KA2.

[0058] Specifically, unlike the self-recovering disconnection formed by the first power-down strategy, the second power-down strategy, while performing the disconnection, also triggers a hardware self-holding mechanism to firmly lock the power supply circuit of the load in the disconnected state. The physical implementation process of this locking action is as follows: When the second control relay KA2 is energized by the second capacity trigger signal, its armature not only drives the normally closed contact to open to disconnect the KM1 coil, but also drives a set of its normally open contacts to change from open to closed. At this time, the mains power is still interrupted, and the coil of the mains power monitoring relay KA3 connected across the UPS input terminal is continuously de-energized, and its normally closed contact remains closed; while the normally closed contact of the manual reset switch S1 on the power panel remains closed when not manually operated. Thus, the normally open contact of KA2, the normally closed contact of KA3, and the normally closed contact of S1 are connected in series to form a conductive circuit connected in parallel with the KA2 coil, which is the self-holding circuit. Once this circuit is connected, even if the V2 port of the battery monitor disconnects again due to a slight rise in the battery open-circuit voltage after the load is disconnected, the coil of KA2 can still continuously obtain excitation current through the self-holding circuit, maintaining its engaged state. This means that the disconnection state of the load power supply circuit is fixed in hardware and will not be accidentally released due to any short-term fluctuations in the battery terminal voltage or falsely high capacity, fundamentally eliminating the load reconnection errors and repeated start-stop oscillations caused by voltage rebound in traditional solutions.

[0059] Specifically, the unlocking path for this locked state is strictly limited to two types, both requiring a clear change in external conditions or human intervention. The first is automatic unlocking upon mains power restoration. When the mains power grid returns to normal, the coil of the mains monitoring relay KA3 connected across the UPS input terminal is re-energized and engaged. Its normally closed contact in the self-holding circuit immediately opens, forcibly cutting off the self-holding path of KA2. The KA2 coil is de-energized and released, its normally closed contact resets and closes, restoring the power supply path to the contactor KM1 coil. The main contacts of KM1 re-engage, and the load power supply is smoothly restored within the safe buffer time after the mains power restoration. The second is manual reset unlocking. If maintenance personnel need to actively restore the locked load during continuous battery power supply, such as due to emergency business needs or confirmation that the battery has received temporary supplementary charging, they can operate the manual reset switch S1 on the power panel to open its normally closed contact, similarly forcibly cutting off the self-holding circuit, de-energizing KA2, and unlocking the load power supply circuit, restoring it to normal. These two reset methods do not conflict with each other. The former is suitable for the system to automatically return to normal operation after the mains power is restored, while the latter grants on-site personnel the authority to intervene manually under special operating conditions. Through this complete locking and reset mechanism, the second power-down strategy not only achieves extreme protection for the battery but also ensures the controllability and stability of the power restoration process. It eliminates the current surge caused by the blind automatic reconnection of the load to the mains power system and the UPS itself, enabling the entire time-sharing power-down control system to maintain a high degree of determinism and safety even in the extreme phase of battery backup power supply.

[0060] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the following technical effects are achieved: (1) By monitoring the remaining capacity of the battery in real time and outputting a dry contact signal through the battery inspection instrument, the power-off decision is directly based on the actual state of charge of the battery. This avoids the energy waste caused by premature load disconnection when the capacity is sufficient, and the battery over-discharge damage caused by delayed disconnection when the capacity is insufficient. This maximizes the use of the battery's stored energy, extends the operating time of critical loads, and protects the battery's lifespan.

[0061] (2) By combining the delay timer started by the battery power supply signal KS with the capacity trigger signal using AND logic, a period of mandatory guaranteed operation time is provided for the load. At the same time, power-off is only performed when the delay is exhausted and the capacity enters the preset range, thus taking into account both the minimum necessary operation requirements of the load and the refined management of the battery capacity.

[0062] (3) Two levels of capacity thresholds and two independent dry contact outputs are set. With the first control relay and the second control relay, the hierarchical control of delayed conditional power-off and unconditional immediate protection power-off is realized. The second power-off strategy is not subject to delay constraints, ensuring that the load can be instantly disconnected when the battery reaches the safe discharge bottom line.

[0063] (4) Through the hardware self-holding circuit of the second control relay, in conjunction with the mains power monitoring relay and the manual reset switch, the load circuit after the deep protection is cut off is firmly locked in the disconnected state to prevent false re-connection and repeated start-stop oscillation caused by battery voltage rebound or false high capacity. At the same time, it supports two release methods: automatic reset after mains power restoration and manual reset, to ensure that the power supply restoration process is stable and controllable.

[0064] (5) The time relay delay closing contact is shared by the first control relay coil circuit of all load branches. Each load is independently configured with capacity threshold and execution relay to realize a multi-path differentiated hierarchical power-down architecture of "centralized delay and decentralized decision-making". Under the premise of ensuring the coordination and consistency of time dimension, it meets the personalized protection needs of loads with different priorities.

[0065] (6) By using the time-sharing power-off start switch and indicator light, the active power-off management and intuitive status indication of the time-sharing power-off function are provided. When the switch is off, the entire logic circuit is safely bypassed, and the load is kept constantly supplied, which improves the flexibility and safety of system operation and maintenance.

[0066] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this disclosure is not limited to the described order of actions, because according to this disclosure, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are all optional embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this disclosure.

[0067] The above is an introduction to the method embodiments. The following describes the solution described in this disclosure further through device embodiments.

[0068] The acquisition, storage, and application of user personal information involved in the technical solution disclosed herein comply with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good morals.

[0069] According to embodiments of this disclosure, this disclosure also provides an electronic device, a readable storage medium, and a computer program product.

[0070] Figure 4A schematic block diagram of an electronic device 400 that can be used to implement embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processors, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present disclosure described and / or claimed herein.

[0071] Electronic device 400 includes a computing unit 401, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a computer program stored in ROM 402 or a computer program loaded into RAM 403 from storage unit 408. RAM 403 can also store various programs and data required for the operation of electronic device 400. The computing unit 401, ROM 402, and RAM 403 are interconnected via bus 404. I / O interface 405 is also connected to bus 404.

[0072] Multiple components in electronic device 400 are connected to I / O interface 405, including: input unit 406, such as keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 407, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; storage unit 408, such as disk, optical disk, etc.; and communication unit 409, such as network card, modem, wireless transceiver, etc. Communication unit 409 allows electronic device 400 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks.

[0073] The computing unit 401 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 401 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various special-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. The computing unit 401 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as method 300. For example, in some embodiments, method 300 may be implemented as a computer software program tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as storage unit 408. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on the electronic device 400 via ROM 402 and / or communication unit 409. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 403 and executed by the computing unit 401, one or more steps of method 300 described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 401 may be configured to perform method 300 by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0074] Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), systems-on-a-chip (SoCs), payload-programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0075] The program code used to implement the methods of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that when executed by the processor or controller, the program code causes the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a standalone software package partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0076] In the context of this disclosure, a machine-readable medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A machine-readable medium can be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium can be, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0077] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on a computer having: a display device for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including voice input, speech input, or tactile input).

[0078] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as a data server), or computing systems that include middleware components (e.g., an application server), or computing systems that include frontend components (e.g., a user computer with a graphical user interface or web browser through which a user can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication of any form or medium (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and the Internet.

[0079] Computer systems can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally located far apart and typically interact via communication networks. Client-server relationships are created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. Servers can be cloud servers, servers in distributed systems, or servers incorporating blockchain technology.

[0080] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to rearrange, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this disclosure can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0081] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A time-sharing power-off control system based on battery capacity, characterized in that, Includes UPS, battery packs, battery monitoring devices, and power supply panels: The first output terminal of the UPS is connected to the power supply panel and is used to supply power to at least one load of the power supply panel when the mains power is normal, and to switch to the inverter power supply of the battery pack when the mains power is interrupted. The second output terminal of the UPS is used to output the battery power supply signal KS that represents the mains power interruption state. The battery monitoring device is electrically connected to the battery pack and is used to monitor the remaining capacity of the battery pack in real time. Based on the comparison between the remaining capacity of the battery pack and a preset capacity threshold, it outputs a corresponding trigger signal. The power supply panel receives the battery power supply signal KS and the trigger signal, and controls the on / off state of the power supply to at least one load based on preset logic.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery inspection device has at least a first dry contact output terminal V1 and a second dry contact output terminal V2; wherein... The first dry contact output terminal V1 is configured to close when the remaining capacity of the battery pack is less than or equal to a first capacity threshold and greater than a second capacity threshold, and output a first capacity trigger signal. The second dry contact output terminal V2 is configured to close when the remaining capacity of the battery pack is less than or equal to a second capacity threshold, and output a second capacity trigger signal.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preset logic includes: The power supply panel is configured to start a delay timer when it receives the battery power supply signal KS; When the power supply panel receives the first capacity trigger signal and the delay time reaches the preset delay duration, the power supply panel cuts off the power supply to the at least one load. If the power supply panel receives the second capacity trigger signal, regardless of whether the delay timer reaches the preset delay duration, the power supply panel will immediately cut off the power supply to at least one load and lock the power supply circuit of the load in the disconnected state until the mains power is restored or the lock is released by manual reset.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power supply panel includes a time relay KT1, a first control relay KA1, a second control relay KA2, and a contactor KM1. The coil of the time relay KT1 is connected to the second output terminal of the UPS, and is used to start the delay timing when the battery power supply signal KS is received, and close the delay closing contact after the timing reaches the preset delay time. The coil of the first control relay KA1 is connected in series with the first dry contact output terminal V1 of the battery inspection instrument and the delayed closing contact of the time relay KT1, so that the first control relay KA1 is energized and activated only when it simultaneously receives the first capacity trigger signal and the time relay KT1 completes the delay time. The coil of the second control relay KA2 is connected in series with the second dry contact output terminal V2 of the battery inspection instrument, so that the second control relay KA2 is energized and activated when it receives the second capacity trigger signal; The coil of the contactor KM1 is connected in series with the normally closed contact of the first control relay KA1 and the normally closed contact of the second control relay KA2, and then connected to the battery terminal of the UPS. When either the first control relay KA1 or the second control relay KA2 is energized and engaged, its corresponding normally closed contact opens, cutting off the power supply to the coil of the contactor KM1, causing the main contacts of the contactor KM1 to open, thereby cutting off the power supply to the load.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second control relay KA2 has a self-holding circuit; wherein, The normally open contact of the second control relay KA2, the normally closed contact of the manual reset switch S1, and the normally closed contact of the mains power monitoring relay KA3 are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the coil of the second control relay KA2. The coil of the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is connected to the mains power input terminal of the UPS; When the mains power is normal, the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is energized, its normally closed contact opens, and the self-holding circuit is cut off. When the mains power is interrupted and the second control relay KA2 is activated due to receiving the second capacity trigger signal, the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is de-energized, its normally closed contact closes, and the second control relay KA2 maintains the activated state through the self-holding circuit. When the mains power is restored, the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is energized, its normally closed contact opens again, the self-holding circuit of the second control relay KA2 is cut off, and the second control relay KA2 is de-energized.

6. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power supply panel also includes a time-sharing power-off start switch QF and a time-sharing power-off indicator light L; wherein... The coil of the time relay KT1, the branch containing the coil of the first control relay KA1, and the branch containing the coil of the second control relay KA2 are all connected to the battery terminal of the UPS through the time-sharing power-off switch QF. The time-sharing power-off indicator L is connected in series with the time-sharing power-off start switch QF and is used to illuminate the indicator when the time-sharing power-off function is enabled.

7. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the load is multi-channel, each load channel is equipped with a set of the first control relay KA1, the second control relay KA2 and the contactor KM1; The battery inspection device provides an independent set of first dry contact output terminal V1 and second dry contact output terminal V2 for each load, and sets corresponding first capacity threshold and second capacity threshold respectively. The time-delay closing contact of the time relay KT1 is simultaneously connected in series in the coil circuit of the first control relay KA1 of each load, so that the time delay function of the time relay KT1 is shared by all load branches.

8. A method for operating a time-sharing power-off control system based on battery capacity according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: For at least one load, a first capacity threshold, a second capacity threshold, and a delay duration are preset for that load, wherein the second capacity threshold is lower than the first capacity threshold. The UPS monitors the mains power supply status and the remaining capacity of the battery pack in real time. When the mains power is interrupted and the UPS outputs the battery power supply signal KS representing the mains power interruption status, the time relay KT1 in the power supply panel starts the delay timer. During the delay timing process: If the remaining capacity of the battery pack is higher than the first capacity threshold, or the delay time has not yet reached the delay duration, then the power supply to the load is maintained. If the remaining capacity of the battery pack decreases to less than or equal to the first capacity threshold and greater than the second capacity threshold, and the delay time has reached the delay duration, then the first power-down strategy is executed to cut off the power supply to the load. If the remaining capacity of the battery pack decreases to less than or equal to the second capacity threshold, the second power-down strategy is executed to cut off the power supply to the load and lock the power supply circuit of the load in the cut-off state so that it cannot be restored on its own.

9. The working method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The execution of the first power-down strategy includes: The first dry contact output terminal V1 of the battery inspection instrument closes when the remaining capacity of the battery pack is less than or equal to the first capacity threshold and greater than the second capacity threshold, and outputs a first capacity trigger signal. The time relay KT1 inside the power supply panel closes its delay closing contact after the delay time reaches the specified delay duration. The first capacity trigger signal is ANDed with the delayed closing contact, which energizes the coil of the first control relay KA1 in the power supply panel and causes the normally closed contact of the first control relay KA1 to open, thereby cutting off the power supply to the coil of contactor KM1 and causing the main contact of contactor KM1 to open, so as to cut off the power supply to the load. The execution of the second power-down strategy includes: The second dry contact output terminal V2 of the battery inspection instrument closes when the remaining capacity of the battery pack is less than or equal to the second capacity threshold, and outputs a second capacity trigger signal. The second capacity trigger signal energizes and engages the coil of the second control relay KA2 within the power supply panel. The normally closed contact of the second control relay KA2 opens, thereby cutting off the power supply to the coil of contactor KM1 and causing the main contacts of contactor KM1 to open, thus cutting off the power supply to the load. Meanwhile, the second control relay KA2 maintains the engaged state through its self-holding circuit, thereby locking the power supply circuit of the load in the disconnected state.

10. The working method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The second control relay KA2 maintains its engaged state through a self-holding circuit, including: After the second control relay KA2 is energized, its normally open contact closes. In the event of a mains power outage, the coil of the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is de-energized, and its normally closed contact closes. This, together with the already closed normally open contact and the normally closed contact of the manual reset switch S1, forms a conducting self-holding circuit, thereby continuously energizing the coil of the second control relay KA2. When the mains power is restored, the coil of the mains power monitoring relay KA3 is energized, its normally closed contact opens, forcibly cutting off the self-holding circuit, causing the second control relay KA2 to lose power, thereby automatically releasing the locked state of the load power supply circuit, and the power supply to the load is automatically restored. If it is necessary to manually release the locked state of the load power supply circuit, operate the manual reset switch S1 to open its normally closed contact, forcibly cut off the self-holding circuit, and de-energize the second control relay KA2.

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