Energy storage system mode switching control method, device, medium and product

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of energy storage system mode switching control method, equipment, medium and product.The method comprises: determining the deviation of at least one energy storage system state variable and calculating deviation intensity value, calculating the comprehensive event intensity value of first time according to deviation intensity value, and obtaining the comprehensive event intensity value of sampling time before first time to calculate intensity value mean value, according to mean value calculation mode switching trigger value to determine whether mode switching is needed;According to the state variable of energy storage system, determine the candidate mode set switched to, the candidate mode corresponding to the smallest comprehensive switching cost value is used as target mode.The technical scheme of the present application solves the problem that the current energy storage system mode switching control effect needs to be improved, can determine whether switching is needed according to multivariate comprehensive analysis working condition deviation event intensity, and the target mode with minimum switching cost is analyzed through multivariate to improve the accuracy, real-time performance and engineering implementability of mode switching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy storage system operation control technology, and in particular to an energy storage system mode switching control method, device, medium and product. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, as energy storage systems are increasingly used in peak shaving, demand management, renewable energy consumption, frequency regulation, and backup support, energy storage devices typically need to frequently switch between charging, discharging, standby, and protection / limiting modes during operation. The quality of mode switching control directly affects the response speed, control stability, cycle life, safety level, and economic benefits of the energy storage system.

[0003] Among existing energy storage system mode switching methods, a common approach is to switch modes based on a fixed timetable. For example, according to a pre-set peak and off-peak period, the system enters charging mode at one time and discharging mode at another. This method is simple to implement, but it lacks adaptability to the operating conditions of the energy storage system. When external operating conditions deviate from the preset conditions, it is prone to problems such as response lag, missed charging and discharging opportunities, or unreasonable switching results.

[0004] Another approach uses a single variable to determine the switching mechanism. For example, it allows discharging when the state of charge is above a certain threshold and charging when it is below a certain threshold, or it allows discharging when the power command is greater than zero and charging when it is less than zero. While this method is more flexible than timed switching, it lacks comprehensiveness and is therefore prone to problems such as switching jitter, frequent reversals, incorrect switching at boundary conditions, and local overcharging and over-discharging. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method, device, medium, and product for mode switching control of energy storage systems, which addresses the problem that the current mode switching control effect of energy storage systems needs improvement. It can determine whether switching is necessary based on the intensity of the deviation event of the operating condition through multivariate comprehensive analysis, and improve the accuracy, real-time performance, and engineering feasibility of mode switching by analyzing the target mode with the lowest switching cost through multivariate analysis.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a mode switching control method for an energy storage system, the method comprising: According to the preset sampling period, at least one energy storage system state quantity of the energy storage system at the first moment is collected, the deviation of at least one energy storage system state quantity from the reference state quantity corresponding to the energy storage system state quantity is determined, and the deviation intensity value is calculated based on the deviation amount. The first comprehensive event intensity value at the first moment is calculated based on the deviation intensity value. The energy storage system state quantity includes at least the target scheduling power, battery state of charge, highest single cell temperature, battery health status, and the first mode of the energy storage system at the first moment. Obtain the second comprehensive event intensity value of a preset first number of historical sampling moments before the first moment, calculate the average intensity value of the first comprehensive event intensity value and the second comprehensive event intensity value, and calculate the mode switching trigger value based on the first comprehensive event intensity value and the average intensity value. Based on the mode switching trigger value, the switching trigger threshold, the exit switching threshold, and the step interval between the first moment and the most recent mode switching moment, determine whether a mode switching is required. When it is determined that a mode switch is required, a set of candidate modes to switch to is determined based on the state variables of the energy storage system. For each candidate mode in the candidate mode set, at least one cost quantity for switching from the first mode to the candidate mode is calculated based on the state variables of the energy storage system, and the comprehensive switching cost value is calculated based on the cost quantity. The candidate mode corresponding to the minimum comprehensive switching cost is taken as the target mode. If the target mode is inconsistent with the first mode, it is determined whether to switch to the target mode based on the first power setting value of the energy storage converter of the energy storage system at the first moment and the second power setting value of the energy storage converter at the previous sampling moment adjacent to the first moment and the power slope constraint.

[0007] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide an energy storage system mode switching control device, the device comprising: The comprehensive event intensity value calculation module is used to collect at least one energy storage system state quantity of the energy storage system at the first moment according to a preset sampling period, determine the deviation of at least one energy storage system state quantity from the reference state quantity corresponding to the energy storage system state quantity, calculate the deviation intensity value based on the deviation, and calculate the first comprehensive event intensity value at the first moment based on the deviation intensity value. The energy storage system state quantity includes at least the target scheduling power, battery state of charge, highest single cell temperature, battery health status, and the first mode of the energy storage system at the first moment. The mode switching trigger value calculation module is used to obtain the second comprehensive event intensity value of a preset first number of historical sampling times before the first moment, calculate the average intensity value of the first comprehensive event intensity value and the second comprehensive event intensity value, and calculate the mode switching trigger value based on the first comprehensive event intensity value and the average intensity value. The mode switching judgment module is used to determine whether a mode switch is needed based on the mode switching trigger value, the switching trigger threshold, the exit switching threshold, and the step interval between the first time and the most recent mode switching time. The integrated switching cost calculation module is used to determine the set of candidate modes to switch to based on the state variables of the energy storage system when it is determined that a mode switch is required. For each candidate mode in the candidate mode set, at least one cost quantity for switching from the first mode to the candidate mode is calculated based on the state variables of the energy storage system, and the integrated switching cost quantity is calculated based on the cost quantity. The mode switching determination module is used to select the candidate mode corresponding to the minimum comprehensive switching cost as the target mode. If the target mode is inconsistent with the first mode, it determines whether to switch to the target mode based on the first power setting value of the energy storage converter of the energy storage system at the first moment and the second power setting value of the energy storage converter at the previous sampling moment adjacent to the first moment and the power slope constraint.

[0008] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device, the electronic device comprising: At least one processor; and A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the at least one processor, which is then executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the energy storage system mode switching control method according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0009] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, which are used to cause a processor to execute the energy storage system mode switching control method described in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0010] Fifthly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the energy storage system mode switching control method as described in any of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0011] In this embodiment of the invention, at least one state quantity of the energy storage system at a first moment is collected according to a preset sampling period. The deviation of at least one state quantity from a corresponding reference state quantity is determined, and a deviation intensity value is calculated based on the deviation. A first comprehensive event intensity value at the first moment is then calculated based on the deviation intensity value. The energy storage system state quantity includes at least the target scheduling power, battery state of charge, highest single-cell temperature, battery health status, and a first mode of the energy storage system at the first moment. Second comprehensive event intensity values ​​are obtained for a preset first number of consecutive historical sampling moments prior to the first moment. The average intensity value of the first and second comprehensive event intensity values ​​is calculated, and a mode switching trigger value is calculated based on the first comprehensive event intensity value and the average intensity value. A mode switching trigger value is then calculated based on the mode switching trigger value. The system determines whether a mode switch is needed by considering the following factors: the switching trigger threshold, the exit switching threshold, and the step interval between the first time and the most recent mode switch time. If a mode switch is determined to be needed, a set of candidate modes to switch to is determined based on the energy storage system state variables. For each candidate mode in the candidate mode set, at least one cost quantity for switching from the first mode to the candidate mode is calculated based on the energy storage system state variables, and a comprehensive switching cost value is calculated based on the cost quantity. The candidate mode corresponding to the minimum comprehensive switching cost value is taken as the target mode. If the target mode is inconsistent with the first mode, whether to switch to the target mode is determined based on the first power setpoint of the energy storage converter of the energy storage system at the first time and the second power setpoint of the energy storage converter at the previous sampling time adjacent to the first time, as well as the power slope constraint. The technical solution of this embodiment solves the problem that the current energy storage system mode switching control effect needs to be improved. It can determine whether a switch is needed based on the intensity of the operating condition deviation event through multivariate comprehensive analysis, and improve the accuracy, real-time performance, and engineering feasibility of mode switching by switching to the target mode with the minimum cost through multivariate analysis. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 A flowchart of a mode switching control method for an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A flowchart of another energy storage system mode switching control method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system mode switching control device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0015] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used only for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The acquisition, storage, use, and processing of data in the technical solutions of this application all comply with relevant laws and regulations.

[0016] It should be noted that in the embodiments of this application, certain software, components, models and other existing solutions in the industry may be mentioned. These should be regarded as exemplary and are only intended to illustrate the feasibility of implementing the technical solution of this application. However, it does not mean that the applicant has used or necessarily used the relevant content of the solution.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a mode switching control method for an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to scenarios involving mode switching control of energy storage systems. The method can be executed by an energy storage system mode switching control device, which can be implemented in software and / or hardware and integrated into an electronic device.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, the energy storage system mode switching control method includes the following steps: S110. Collect at least one energy storage system state quantity at the first moment according to the preset sampling period, determine the deviation of at least one energy storage system state quantity from the reference state quantity corresponding to the energy storage system state quantity, calculate the deviation intensity value based on the deviation, and calculate the first comprehensive event intensity value at the first moment based on the deviation intensity value.

[0019] Among them, the state variables of the energy storage system include at least the target dispatch power, battery state of charge, highest single cell temperature, battery health status, and the first mode of the energy storage system at the first moment.

[0020] The reference state quantity can be the actual state quantity corresponding to the energy storage system state quantity, or a safety limit state quantity. For example, for an energy storage system state quantity that is a command, such as the target scheduling power, which is the power in the target power command issued to the energy storage system, the corresponding reference state quantity is the actual state quantity, that is, the actual power of the energy storage system; for the highest single cell temperature, that is, the temperature of the highest single cell in the energy storage system, the reference state quantity can be the corresponding safety limit state quantity, such as the upper limit of the normal operating temperature.

[0021] Determine the deviation of at least one energy storage system state quantity from the reference state quantity corresponding to the energy storage system state quantity, and calculate the deviation intensity value based on the ratio of the deviation quantity to the reference deviation limit. Calculate the first comprehensive event intensity value at the first moment by weighted summation based on the deviation intensity values. The first comprehensive event intensity value is used to characterize the degree of deviation of the overall operating condition of the energy storage system.

[0022] S120. Obtain the second comprehensive event intensity value of a preset first number of historical sampling times before the first moment, calculate the average intensity value of the first comprehensive event intensity value and the second comprehensive event intensity value, and calculate the mode switching trigger value based on the first comprehensive event intensity value and the average intensity value.

[0023] To prevent erroneous switching caused by switching modes based solely on deviations from operating conditions at a single sampling moment (i.e., the situation at a single sampling moment may be a transient disturbance), this embodiment calculates the mode switching trigger value by averaging the sampling points of a preset time window before the first moment, i.e., the second comprehensive event intensity value of a preset first number of historical sampling moments, and the first comprehensive time intensity value. The determination of whether to trigger mode switching is based on the mode switching trigger value.

[0024] S130. Based on the mode switching trigger value, the switching trigger threshold, the exit switching threshold, and the step interval between the first moment and the most recent mode switching moment, determine whether a mode switching is required.

[0025] This embodiment uses upper and lower thresholds, namely the switching trigger threshold and the exit switching threshold, as well as the minimum number of mode dwell steps to form a switching hysteresis and anti-shake mechanism.

[0026] Specifically, a mode switch is determined to be required only if the mode switch trigger value is greater than or equal to the mode switch trigger threshold, and the step interval between the first moment and the most recent mode switch moment is greater than the step interval threshold, i.e., the minimum number of dwell steps; if the mode switch trigger value is less than the exit switch threshold, a mode switch is determined not to be required, and the mode switch trigger threshold is greater than the exit switch threshold.

[0027] S140. When it is determined that a mode switch is required, a set of candidate modes to be switched to is determined based on the state variables of the energy storage system. For each candidate mode in the candidate mode set, at least one cost quantity for switching from the first mode to the candidate mode is calculated based on the state variables of the energy storage system, and the comprehensive switching cost value is calculated based on the cost quantity.

[0028] Under the premise that the energy storage system meets the mode switching trigger conditions and needs to perform mode switching, based on the various energy storage system state quantities collected at the first moment, the operating modes that the system can switch to are selected from all operating modes to form a candidate mode set. This set excludes modes that are not reachable under hardware constraints or operating conditions, and only retains candidate modes that are feasible to switch to under the current operating conditions.

[0029] The operating modes can include charging mode, discharging mode, standby mode and safety protection mode. The safety protection mode is a dedicated operating mode for energy storage systems to ensure the safe operation of equipment. In this mode, the charging and discharging behavior of the energy storage converter is constrained and controlled to achieve safe handling of the power circuit of the energy storage system.

[0030] For each candidate mode in the candidate mode set, based on the current state variables of the energy storage system, at least one cost is calculated for switching from the current first mode to that candidate mode. This cost can include different dimensions such as temperature cost, SOC (State of Charge) cost, power adjustment cost, and mode switching action cost, representing the losses and constraints incurred during this mode switch in terms of battery safety, state of charge, power regulation, and contactor operation. Then, the various costs are normalized and weighted to obtain the comprehensive switching cost corresponding to that candidate mode. The comprehensive switching cost quantitatively represents the overall cost of switching to that candidate mode; a higher cost indicates a higher switching cost.

[0031] S150. The candidate mode corresponding to the minimum comprehensive switching cost is taken as the target mode. If the target mode is inconsistent with the first mode, it is determined whether to switch to the target mode based on the first power setting value of the energy storage converter of the energy storage system at the first moment and the second power setting value of the energy storage converter at the previous sampling moment adjacent to the first moment and the power slope constraint.

[0032] After calculating the overall switching cost for each candidate mode, the overall switching cost of each candidate mode is compared, and the candidate mode with the lowest overall switching cost is selected as the target mode to switch to. The lower the overall switching cost, the lower the overall cost of switching to that mode, making it the optimal choice under the current operating conditions.

[0033] Further determine whether the target mode is equivalent to the currently running first mode; if they are the same, there is no need to perform a mode switching action, and the original operating conditions remain unchanged.

[0034] When the target mode differs from the first mode, the mode switching operation is not performed directly. A power slope constraint check is required. The first power setpoint of the power conversion system (PCS) at the first sampling moment and the second power setpoint corresponding to the previous sampling moment are retrieved and substituted into the power slope constraint condition. The power change between adjacent sampling moments is checked to see if it is within the maximum allowable power change range. Switching to the target mode is only allowed if the power slope constraint condition is met; otherwise, the switching is temporarily suspended.

[0035] The technical solution of this embodiment involves collecting at least one state quantity of the energy storage system at a first moment according to a preset sampling period, determining the deviation of at least one state quantity of the energy storage system from the corresponding reference state quantity, calculating the deviation intensity value based on the deviation, and calculating the first comprehensive event intensity value at the first moment based on the deviation intensity value. The energy storage system state quantity includes at least the target scheduling power, battery state of charge, highest single-cell temperature, battery health status, and the first mode of the energy storage system at the first moment. It also involves acquiring the second comprehensive event intensity values ​​of a preset first number of consecutive historical sampling moments prior to the first moment, calculating the average intensity value of the first and second comprehensive event intensity values, and calculating a mode switching trigger value based on the first comprehensive event intensity value and the average intensity value. The invention uses the following methods to determine whether a mode switch is needed: determining the required switching threshold, switching exit threshold, and the step interval between the first time point and the most recent mode switch time point. If a mode switch is required, a set of candidate modes is determined based on the energy storage system's state variables. For each candidate mode, at least one cost factor for switching from the first mode to the candidate mode is calculated based on the energy storage system's state variables, and a comprehensive switching cost factor is calculated based on these costs. The candidate mode with the lowest comprehensive switching cost factor is selected as the target mode. If the target mode differs from the first mode, the decision to switch to the target mode is made based on the first power setpoint of the energy storage converter at the first time point, the second power setpoint of the energy storage converter at the adjacent previous sampling time point, and the power slope constraint. This invention addresses the problem of insufficient improvement in the current energy storage system mode switching control performance. It determines whether a switch is needed based on the intensity of operating condition deviation events through multivariate comprehensive analysis and improves the accuracy, real-time performance, and engineering feasibility of mode switching by using the target mode with the lowest cost through multivariate analysis.

[0036] Figure 2This is a flowchart illustrating a mode switching control method for an energy storage system provided in this embodiment of the invention. This embodiment belongs to the same inventive concept as the mode switching control method for energy storage systems described in the previous embodiments, and further describes the process of determining whether a mode switching is required. This method can be executed by an energy storage system mode switching control device, which can be implemented in software and / or hardware and integrated into an electronic device with application development capabilities.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, the energy storage system mode switching control method of this embodiment includes the following steps: S210. Collect at least one energy storage system state quantity at the first moment according to the preset sampling period, determine the deviation of at least one energy storage system state quantity from the reference state quantity corresponding to the energy storage system state quantity, calculate the deviation intensity value based on the deviation, and calculate the first comprehensive event intensity value at the first moment based on the deviation intensity value.

[0038] The state variables of an energy storage system include at least the target dispatch power, battery state of charge, highest single-cell temperature, battery health status, and the first mode of the energy storage system at the first moment.

[0039] For example, the state variables of an energy storage system may include, assuming the sampling period of the energy storage system at discrete time k is... Collect and schedule the target power command issued by the system. Net load power within the station Renewable energy output Real-time electricity price Battery state of charge Maximum single-unit temperature Battery health status and current operating mode In this context, discharge power is taken as positive, and charging power is taken as negative.

[0040] Renewable energy output This represents the real-time output power generated by renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics and wind power at the site where the energy storage system is located at time k.

[0041] Define the state vector of the energy storage system at time k as: ; To eliminate the influence of different dimensions on event discrimination, this embodiment can also perform rated value normalization processing on each state quantity. Let the rated power be... Temperature reference threshold is The economic reference electricity price is Then the normalized state variable is denoted as The normalized state variable of its j-th component satisfies the following formula: ; in, To prevent tiny positive numbers with a denominator of zero.

[0042] To comprehensively characterize mode switching requirements, this embodiment defines power deviation events, boundary safety events, and thermal risk events. In an optional implementation, the deviation of at least one energy storage system state variable from a corresponding reference state variable is determined, including at least one of the following: First, calculate the difference between the target scheduled power and the actual power of the energy storage system at the first moment to obtain the power deviation.

[0043] The power deviation is calculated as follows: ; in, This represents the actual power at the first moment, that is, the power setpoint actually executed by the energy storage system in the current mode. The target scheduling power is specified in the target power command.

[0044] 2. Calculate the first difference between the battery state of charge and the upper limit threshold of the battery state of charge, and the second difference between the lower limit threshold of the battery state of charge and the battery state of charge. The maximum value among the first difference, the second difference and 0 is taken as the boundary deviation of the state of charge.

[0045] The calculation method for the boundary deviation of the charged state is as follows: ; in, and These are the lower limit threshold and the upper limit threshold for battery state of charge, respectively.

[0046] Third, calculate the third difference between the highest unit temperature and the upper limit threshold of the unit temperature under normal operating conditions, and take the maximum value between the third difference and 0 as the temperature deviation.

[0047] The calculation method for thermal risk deviation, also known as temperature deviation, is as follows: ; in, This is the upper limit of the normal operating temperature, which is also the upper limit threshold of the unit temperature under normal operating conditions.

[0048] The deviation can also include the deviation of economic driving events, which is calculated as follows: .

[0049] In one optional implementation, the deviation intensity value is calculated based on the deviation amount, including at least one of the following: 1. Calculate the ratio of the absolute value of the power deviation to the rated power to obtain the power deviation intensity value.

[0050] Power deviation intensity value .

[0051] 2. Calculate the fourth difference between the upper limit threshold of battery state of charge and the lower limit threshold of battery state of charge, and calculate the ratio of the state of charge boundary deviation to the fourth difference to obtain the state of charge boundary deviation intensity value.

[0052] The strength of the boundary deviation of the charged state is .

[0053] Third, calculate the fifth difference between the battery temperature limit threshold and the single cell temperature limit threshold, and then calculate the ratio of the temperature deviation amount to the fifth difference to obtain the temperature deviation intensity value.

[0054] Temperature deviation intensity value , The battery temperature limit threshold is greater than the upper limit threshold of the single cell temperature. .

[0055] Economic deviation intensity value .

[0056] The weighted summation of the deviation intensity values ​​is used to calculate the first comprehensive event intensity value at the first moment, which is also known as the comprehensive event intensity index. : ; in, , , and The event weights are determined by the following conditions: .

[0057] S220. Obtain the second comprehensive event intensity value of a preset first number of historical sampling times before the first moment, calculate the average intensity value of the first comprehensive event intensity value and the second comprehensive event intensity value, and calculate the mode switching trigger value based on the first comprehensive event intensity value and the average intensity value.

[0058] To avoid false switching caused by momentary disturbances, an event persistence factor, also known as the mode switching trigger value, is introduced. Let the length be... The average intensity value within the sliding window is: ; Add 1 to the preset first quantity.

[0059] The mode switching trigger value is calculated by weighting and summing the first comprehensive event intensity value and the mean intensity value. The event persistence factor, which is also the mode switching trigger value, is defined by the following formula: ; in, This is the weighting coefficient for the fusion of instantaneous events and continuous events.

[0060] S230. In response to the mode switching trigger value being less than the exit switching threshold, it is determined that no mode switching is required.

[0061] Event triggering function As shown below: ; in, This is the exit threshold, also known as the exit switching threshold. S240. In response to the mode switching trigger value being greater than or equal to the switching trigger threshold, and the step interval between the first moment and the most recent mode switching moment being greater than the step interval threshold, it is determined that a mode switching needs to be performed.

[0062] To trigger the upper threshold, i.e., to switch the trigger threshold, and ; The first moment and the moment closest to the first moment are considered as the mode switching time. The minimum dwell time is also known as the step interval threshold. The upper and lower thresholds, together with the minimum dwell time, constitute the handover hysteresis and anti-shake mechanism.

[0063] S250. When it is determined that a mode switch is required, a set of candidate modes to switch to is determined based on the state variables of the energy storage system. For each candidate mode in the candidate mode set, at least one cost quantity for switching from the first mode to the candidate mode is calculated based on the state variables of the energy storage system, and the comprehensive switching cost value is calculated based on the cost quantity.

[0064] In one optional implementation, determining the set of candidate modes to switch to based on the energy storage system state variables can be achieved by determining whether the energy storage system state variables meet the switching constraints of the corresponding energy storage system operating mode, and determining the energy storage system operating mode as a candidate mode in response to the energy storage system state variables meeting all switching constraints; wherein, when the energy storage system operating mode is a charging mode and a discharging mode, the switching constraints include power constraints, battery state of charge constraints, and temperature constraints.

[0065] Let the set of all operating modes be: ; in, Indicates the charging mode. Indicates the discharge mode. Indicates standby mode. Indicates protection restriction mode.

[0066] Based on the power demand direction and security constraints, and according to all switching constraints, a feasibility function for candidate modes is constructed. Taking charging mode and discharging mode as examples, their feasibility is defined as follows: Feasibility of switching charging modes ; Feasibility of Discharge Mode Switching ; in, For indicator functions; This is the power dead zone threshold; This is the upper boundary that allows charging. This represents the lower boundary where discharge is permitted.

[0067] If satisfied or And still request discharge, or If it still requests charging, it will directly enter the protection and restriction mode. .

[0068] when In this process, candidate modes are scored, and the target mode with the best score is selected. In one optional implementation, at least one cost for switching from the first mode to a candidate mode is calculated based on the energy storage system state variables, including at least one of the following: First, calculate the sixth difference between the target scheduling power and the expected power of the candidate modes, and then calculate the ratio of the absolute value of the sixth difference to the rated power to obtain the power tracking cost.

[0069] Power tracking cost ; Let be the expected power of mode m, assuming that after switching to candidate mode m, this is the expected power that mode can execute under the current constraints. Its value is determined by the target scheduling power and the upper and lower bounds of the feasible power of this mode. The upper and lower limits are jointly determined by the maximum charge / discharge power of the PCS, the allowable charge / discharge power of the BMS (Battery Management System), the SOC boundary, temperature derating, and other safety constraints. The limit is 0 for standby mode; for protection-limited mode, it is taken according to the safety power limit value given by the BMS or PCS, and can be 0 for severe protection.

[0070] 2. Based on the target scheduling power and power constraints, determine the state of charge out-of-bounds prediction after switching to the candidate mode. Based on the highest single-cell temperature and the temperature rise rate, determine the temperature out-of-bounds prediction after switching to the candidate mode. The safety risk cost is obtained by weighted summation of the state of charge out-of-bounds prediction and the temperature out-of-bounds prediction.

[0071] Safety risk cost ; and These are the predicted state-of-charge and temperature out-of-bounds values ​​after adopting mode m, respectively. and These are the weighting coefficients.

[0072] Based on the current battery state of charge (SOC), the expected power corresponding to the candidate mode, the battery rated capacity, and the charge / discharge efficiency, the SOC for the next moment is predicted. If the expected power of the candidate mode is in a discharge condition, the SOC prediction for the next moment is based on the discharge efficiency; if the expected power of the candidate mode is in a charging condition, the SOC prediction for the next moment is based on the charging efficiency. Based on the predicted SOC for the next moment, and combined with the allowable upper and lower limits of the SOC, the predicted SOC out-of-bounds value is calculated.

[0073] For temperature, the next state prediction is made by combining the current highest single cell temperature with the short-term temperature rise trend. The cell temperature rise rate is estimated by using multiple recent sampling data. At the same time, the heating effect corresponding to the candidate mode power is introduced to complete the correction, and the predicted highest single cell temperature at the next moment is obtained. Then, the positive deviation of the predicted temperature from the thermometer's pre-calculated value is calculated as the temperature overshoot prediction amount.

[0074] Third, if the candidate mode is different from the first mode, the mode switching cost is determined to be 1; if the candidate mode is the same as the first mode, the mode switching cost is determined to be 0.

[0075] Mode switching cost .

[0076] This embodiment can also calculate economic benefits and costs. ; As the mode direction factor, when When, take 1, when Time to take Standby mode is set to 0, and protection / limitation mode is set to 0.

[0077] The comprehensive switching cost is calculated by weighted summation of the costs. The comprehensive switching cost can then be: , , , and For the corresponding weights.

[0078] S260. The candidate mode corresponding to the minimum comprehensive switching cost is taken as the target mode. If the target mode is inconsistent with the first mode, it is determined whether to switch to the target mode based on the first power setting value of the energy storage converter of the energy storage system at the first moment and the second power setting value of the energy storage converter at the previous sampling moment adjacent to the first moment and the power slope constraint.

[0079] Target pattern .

[0080] when At this time, the controller does not directly perform unconstrained switching, but instead checks the power slope and contactor action constraints. Let the power setpoint after switching be... That is, the first power setting value of the energy storage converter is Then it should satisfy the formula: ; in, The slope for the maximum allowable power change.

[0081] Meanwhile, let the switch confirmation variable be... The calculation method is as follows: ; when Execution mode switching and updates are performed as needed: ; when The original mode remains unchanged.

[0082] In one optional implementation, after switching to the target mode, the power deviation intensity values ​​for a preset second number of sampling times after the first time moment are obtained, and the average power deviation intensity value is calculated; the highest cell temperature at the last sampling time among the preset second number of sampling times after the first time moment is calculated, and the seventh difference of the highest cell temperature at the first time moment is subtracted; the ratio of the seventh difference to the battery temperature limit threshold is calculated as the temperature rise rate; the number of invalid switching of the energy storage system up to the last sampling time moment is determined; the mode switching effect evaluation value at the first time moment is determined based on the average power deviation intensity value, the temperature rise rate, and the number of invalid switching; if the mode switching effect evaluation value is greater than the invalid switching threshold, the switching trigger threshold and the exit switching threshold are updated based on the difference between the mode switching effect and the invalid switching threshold.

[0083] To improve the method's adaptability in different scenarios, subsequent statistics are collected after each mode switch. Each cycle includes the tracking error, temperature rise increment, and invalid handover count at a preset second number of sampling times, constructing a handover performance evaluation index, also known as the mode handover performance evaluation value. : ; in, This represents the temperature rise increment after the switch. To evaluate the number of invalid switches within the evaluation window; , and For evaluation weights.

[0084] To evaluate the cumulative number of invalid mode switchings within a window, an invalid switch can be defined as follows: after a mode switch occurs, the system reverts to the pre-switch mode within a set short time window, and no new effective triggering events such as sudden changes in scheduling instructions, SOC exceeding limits, or temperature protection occur during this period; or the improvement in power tracking error after the switch is less than a set threshold. Each time the above conditions are met, Add 1. This value is directly calculated by the controller based on mode switching records, trigger event records, and power tracking results.

[0085] like , If an invalid threshold is not switched, it indicates that the current trigger threshold is too low or the scoring weight is set unreasonably. The trigger threshold will be corrected according to the following rules: ; in, and The step size is updated to the threshold. If the tracking error is large for several consecutive windows but there is no risk of temperature rise or lifespan loss, it can be appropriately reduced. and increase To improve switching sensitivity.

[0086] This embodiment achieves unified quantification of power demand, state of charge boundary, economic signals, and thermal risks by constructing a comprehensive event intensity index and event persistence factor, solving the problems of single-based and one-sided decision-making in existing mode switching methods. It employs a dual-threshold hysteresis mechanism and minimum dwell time constraints to effectively suppress mode jitter and frequent switching caused by transient disturbances, improving control stability. By using a candidate mode scoring function, it integrates power point tracking performance, economic benefits, safety risks, and switching costs into the mode selection process, balancing real-time performance, economy, and safety. It can be directly connected to existing EMS, PCS, and BMS architectures, with input data being signals available online in the energy storage system, demonstrating strong engineering feasibility. It possesses online performance feedback and threshold self-correction capabilities, adapting to operational needs under different load scenarios, seasons, and battery aging conditions.

[0087] The technical solution of this embodiment involves collecting at least one energy storage system state quantity at a first moment according to a preset sampling period, determining the deviation of at least one energy storage system state quantity from a corresponding reference state quantity, calculating the deviation intensity value based on the deviation, and calculating the first comprehensive event intensity value at the first moment based on the deviation intensity value. The energy storage system state quantity includes at least the target scheduling power, battery state of charge, highest single-cell temperature, battery health status, and the first mode of the energy storage system at the first moment. It also involves acquiring the second comprehensive event intensity values ​​of a preset first number of consecutive historical sampling moments prior to the first moment, calculating the average intensity value of the first and second comprehensive event intensity values, and calculating a mode switching trigger value based on the first comprehensive event intensity value and the average intensity value. In response to the mode switching trigger value being less than the exit switching threshold, it is determined that no further switching is required. The system performs a mode switching operation. In response to a mode switching trigger value greater than or equal to a switching trigger threshold, and the step interval between the first time and the most recent mode switching time being greater than a step interval threshold, a mode switching operation is determined. If a mode switching operation is determined, a set of candidate modes to switch to is determined based on the energy storage system state variables. For each candidate mode in the candidate mode set, at least one cost quantity for switching from the first mode to the candidate mode is calculated based on the energy storage system state variables, and a comprehensive switching cost value is calculated based on the cost quantity. The candidate mode corresponding to the minimum comprehensive switching cost value is taken as the target mode. If the target mode is inconsistent with the first mode, whether to switch to the target mode is determined based on the first power setpoint of the energy storage converter in the energy storage system at the first time and the second power setpoint of the energy storage converter at the previous sampling time adjacent to the first time, along with a power slope constraint. The technical solution of this invention addresses the problem that the current energy storage system mode switching control effect needs improvement. It can determine whether a switch is needed based on the intensity of the deviation event of the operating condition through multivariate comprehensive analysis, and improve the accuracy, real-time performance and engineering feasibility of mode switching by using the target mode with the lowest switching cost through multivariate analysis. It also determines whether a switch is needed by using dual thresholds combined with step interval thresholds to prevent mode jitter and frequent switching, and ensure stable system operation.

[0088] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system mode switching control device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to scenarios involving energy storage system mode switching control. The device can be implemented in software and / or hardware and integrated into an electronic device.

[0089] like Figure 3 As shown, the energy storage system mode switching control device includes: a comprehensive event intensity value calculation module 310, a mode switching trigger value calculation module 320, a mode switching judgment module 330, a comprehensive switching cost calculation module 340, and a mode switching determination module 350.

[0090] The integrated event intensity value calculation module 310 is used to collect at least one energy storage system state quantity at a first moment according to a preset sampling period, determine the deviation of at least one energy storage system state quantity from the reference state quantity corresponding to the energy storage system state quantity, calculate the deviation intensity value based on the deviation, and calculate the first integrated event intensity value at the first moment based on the deviation intensity value. The energy storage system state quantity includes at least the target scheduling power, battery state of charge, highest single-cell temperature, battery health status, and the first mode of the energy storage system at the first moment. The mode switching trigger value calculation module 320 is used to obtain the second integrated event intensity values ​​of a preset first number of historical sampling moments before the first moment, calculate the average intensity value of the first integrated event intensity value and the second integrated event intensity value, and calculate the mode switching trigger value based on the first integrated event intensity value and the average intensity value. The mode switching judgment module 330 is used to determine the mode switching trigger value based on the mode switching trigger value. The system uses a switching trigger value, a switching trigger threshold, an exit switching threshold, and the step interval between the first time and the most recent mode switching time to determine whether a mode switch is needed. A comprehensive switching cost calculation module 340, when determining that a mode switch is needed, determines a set of candidate modes to switch to based on the energy storage system's state variables. For each candidate mode in the candidate mode set, it calculates at least one cost quantity for switching from the first mode to the candidate mode based on the energy storage system's state variables, and calculates the comprehensive switching cost value based on the cost quantity. A mode switch determination module 350 selects the candidate mode corresponding to the minimum comprehensive switching cost value as the target mode. If the target mode is inconsistent with the first mode, it determines whether to switch to the target mode based on the first power setting value of the energy storage converter in the energy storage system at the first time, the second power setting value of the energy storage converter at the previous sampling time adjacent to the first time, and the power slope constraint.

[0091] The technical solution of this invention involves collecting at least one state quantity of an energy storage system at a first moment according to a preset sampling period, determining the deviation of at least one state quantity of the energy storage system from a corresponding reference state quantity, calculating the deviation intensity value based on the deviation, and calculating the first comprehensive event intensity value at the first moment based on the deviation intensity value. The energy storage system state quantity includes at least the target scheduling power, battery state of charge, highest single-cell temperature, battery health status, and the first mode of the energy storage system at the first moment. The solution also involves acquiring the second comprehensive event intensity values ​​of a preset first number of consecutive historical sampling moments prior to the first moment, calculating the average intensity value of the first and second comprehensive event intensity values, and calculating a mode switching trigger value based on the first comprehensive event intensity value and the average intensity value. Finally, the solution involves mode switching. The method uses trigger values, switching trigger thresholds, exit switching thresholds, and the step interval between the first time and the most recent mode switching time to determine whether a mode switch is needed. If a mode switch is determined to be needed, a set of candidate modes to switch to is determined based on the energy storage system state variables. For each candidate mode in the candidate mode set, at least one cost quantity for switching from the first mode to the candidate mode is calculated based on the energy storage system state variables, and a comprehensive switching cost value is calculated based on the cost quantity. The candidate mode corresponding to the minimum comprehensive switching cost value is taken as the target mode. If the target mode is inconsistent with the first mode, whether to switch to the target mode is determined based on the first power setpoint of the energy storage converter of the energy storage system at the first time and the second power setpoint of the energy storage converter at the previous sampling time adjacent to the first time, as well as the power slope constraint. The technical solution of this invention solves the problem that the current energy storage system mode switching control effect needs to be improved. It can determine whether a switch is needed based on the intensity of the operating condition deviation event through multivariate comprehensive analysis, and improve the accuracy, real-time performance, and engineering feasibility of mode switching by using the target mode with the minimum switching cost through multivariate analysis.

[0092] In one optional implementation, the comprehensive event intensity value calculation module 310 is specifically used for: The power deviation is obtained by calculating the difference between the target scheduled power and the actual power of the energy storage system at the first moment; the first difference between the battery state of charge and the upper limit threshold of the battery state of charge is calculated, and the second difference between the lower limit threshold of the battery state of charge and the battery state of charge is calculated. The maximum value among the first difference, the second difference and 0 is taken as the state of charge boundary deviation; the third difference between the highest single cell temperature and the upper limit threshold of the single cell temperature under normal operation is calculated, and the maximum value among the third difference and 0 is taken as the temperature deviation.

[0093] In an optional implementation, the comprehensive event intensity value calculation module 310 is further configured to: The power deviation intensity value is obtained by calculating the ratio of the absolute value of the power deviation to the rated power. The fourth difference between the upper limit threshold of the battery state of charge and the lower limit threshold of the battery state of charge is calculated, and the ratio of the state of charge boundary deviation to the fourth difference is calculated to obtain the state of charge boundary deviation intensity value. The fifth difference between the battery temperature limit threshold and the upper limit threshold of the single cell temperature is calculated, and the ratio of the temperature deviation to the fifth difference is calculated to obtain the temperature deviation intensity value.

[0094] In an optional implementation, the mode switching determination module 330 is further configured to: If the mode switching trigger value is less than the exit switching threshold, it is determined that no mode switching is required; if the mode switching trigger value is greater than or equal to the switching trigger threshold, and the step interval between the first moment and the most recent mode switching moment is greater than the step interval threshold, it is determined that a mode switching is required.

[0095] In an optional implementation, the integrated switching cost calculation module 340 is further configured to: Determine whether the state variables of the energy storage system meet the switching constraints of the corresponding energy storage system operating mode. In response to the energy storage system state variables satisfying all switching constraints, the energy storage system operating mode is determined as a candidate mode. Among them, when the energy storage system operating mode is charging mode and discharging mode, the switching constraints include power constraints, battery state of charge constraints and temperature constraints.

[0096] In an optional implementation, the integrated switching cost calculation module 340 is further configured to: The sixth difference between the target scheduling power and the expected power of the candidate mode is calculated, and the absolute value of the sixth difference is calculated as the ratio of the rated power to obtain the power tracking cost. The state of charge (SOC) out-of-bounds prediction after switching to the candidate mode is determined based on the target scheduling power and power constraints. The temperature out-of-bounds prediction after switching to the candidate mode is determined based on the highest unit temperature and the temperature rise rate. The SOC and temperature out-of-bounds predictions are weighted and summed to obtain the safety risk cost. If the candidate mode is different from the first mode, the mode switching cost is determined to be 1. If the candidate mode is the same as the first mode, the mode switching cost is determined to be 0.

[0097] In one alternative embodiment, the apparatus further includes: The threshold update module is used to, after switching to the target mode, acquire the power deviation intensity values ​​of a preset second number of sampling times after the first moment, and calculate the average power deviation intensity value; calculate the highest single-cell temperature of the last sampling time in the preset second number of sampling times after the first moment, subtract the seventh difference of the highest single-cell temperature at the first moment, and calculate the temperature rise rate by dividing the seventh difference by the battery temperature limit threshold; determine the number of invalid switching of the energy storage system up to the last sampling time; determine the mode switching effect evaluation value at the first moment based on the average power deviation intensity value, the temperature rise rate, and the number of invalid switching; and update the switching trigger threshold and the exit switching threshold based on the difference between the mode switching effect and the switching invalid threshold if the mode switching effect evaluation value is greater than the switching invalid threshold.

[0098] The energy storage system mode switching control device provided in the embodiments of the present invention can execute the energy storage system mode switching control method provided in any embodiment of the present invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the method.

[0099] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an electronic device 10, which can be used to implement embodiments of the present invention, is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processors, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices (e.g., helmets, glasses, watches, etc.), and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the invention described and / or claimed herein.

[0100] like Figure 4 As shown, the electronic device 10 includes at least one processor 11 and a memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM) 12 or a random access memory (RAM) 13, communicatively connected to the at least one processor 11. The memory stores computer programs executable by the at least one processor. The processor 11 can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on the computer program stored in the ROM 12 or loaded from storage unit 18 into the RAM 13. The RAM 13 can also store various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 10. The processor 11, ROM 12, and RAM 13 are interconnected via a bus 14. An input / output (I / O) interface 15 is also connected to the bus 14.

[0101] Multiple components in electronic device 10 are connected to I / O interface 15, including: input unit 16, such as keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 17, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; storage unit 18, such as disk, optical disk, etc.; and communication unit 19, such as network card, modem, wireless transceiver, etc. Communication unit 19 allows electronic device 10 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks.

[0102] Processor 11 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of processor 11 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various special-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. Processor 11 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as energy storage system mode switching control methods.

[0103] In some embodiments, the energy storage system mode switching control method may be implemented as a computer program tangibly contained in a computer-readable storage medium, such as storage unit 18. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded into and / or installed on electronic device 10 via ROM 12 and / or communication unit 19. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 13 and executed by processor 11, one or more steps of the energy storage system mode switching control method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, processor 11 may be configured to perform the energy storage system mode switching control method by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0104] Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), system-on-a-chip (SoCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0105] Computer programs used to implement the methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when executed by the processor, the computer programs cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be performed. The computer programs may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, or as a standalone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0106] In the context of this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a computer program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination thereof. Alternatively, a computer-readable storage medium may be a machine-readable signal medium. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0107] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the electronic device. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0108] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as data servers), or middleware components (e.g., application servers), or frontend components (e.g., user computers with graphical user interfaces or web browsers through which users can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication of any form or medium (e.g., communication networks). Examples of communication networks include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), blockchain networks, and the Internet.

[0109] A computing system can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally located far apart and typically interact through communication networks. The client-server relationship is created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, which is a hosting product within the cloud computing service system to address the shortcomings of traditional physical hosts and VPS services, such as high management difficulty and weak business scalability.

[0110] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0111] This invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the energy storage system mode switching control method provided in any embodiment of this application.

[0112] In implementing the computer program product, computer program code for performing the operations of this invention can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof. Programming languages ​​include object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C or similar languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0113] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0114] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A mode switching control method for an energy storage system, characterized in that, include: At least one energy storage system state quantity is collected at the first moment according to a preset sampling period. The deviation of at least one energy storage system state quantity from the reference state quantity corresponding to the energy storage system state quantity is determined. The deviation intensity value is calculated based on the deviation quantity. The first comprehensive event intensity value at the first moment is calculated based on the deviation intensity value. The energy storage system state quantity includes at least the target scheduling power, battery state of charge, highest single cell temperature, battery health status, and the first mode of the energy storage system at the first moment. Obtain the second comprehensive event intensity value of a preset first number of consecutive historical sampling times before the first time moment, calculate the average intensity value of the first comprehensive event intensity value and the second comprehensive event intensity value, and calculate the mode switching trigger value based on the first comprehensive event intensity value and the average intensity value. Based on the mode switching trigger value, the switching trigger threshold, the exit switching threshold, and the step interval between the first time and the most recent mode switching time from the first time, it is determined whether a mode switching is required. When it is determined that a mode switch is required, a set of candidate modes to switch to is determined based on the state variables of the energy storage system. For each candidate mode in the set of candidate modes, at least one cost quantity for switching from the first mode to the candidate mode is calculated based on the state variables of the energy storage system, and a comprehensive switching cost value is calculated based on the cost quantity. The candidate mode corresponding to the smallest comprehensive switching cost is taken as the target mode. If the target mode is inconsistent with the first mode, it is determined whether to switch to the target mode based on the first power setting value of the energy storage converter of the energy storage system at the first time and the second power setting value of the energy storage converter at the previous sampling time adjacent to the first time and the power slope constraint.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the deviation of at least one of the energy storage system state quantities relative to a reference state quantity corresponding to the energy storage system state quantity includes at least one of the following: The power deviation is obtained by calculating the difference between the target scheduled power and the actual power of the energy storage system at the first moment. Calculate the first difference between the battery state of charge and the upper limit threshold of the battery state of charge, and the second difference between the upper limit threshold of the battery state of charge and the battery state of charge. The maximum value among the first difference, the second difference and 0 is taken as the state of charge boundary deviation. Calculate the third difference between the highest unit temperature and the upper limit threshold of the unit temperature under normal operating conditions, and take the maximum value between the third difference and 0 as the temperature deviation.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The calculation of the deviation intensity value based on the deviation amount includes at least one of the following: The power deviation intensity value is obtained by calculating the ratio of the absolute value of the power deviation to the rated power. Calculate the fourth difference between the upper limit threshold of the battery state of charge and the lower limit threshold of the battery state of charge, and calculate the ratio of the state of charge boundary deviation to the fourth difference to obtain the state of charge boundary deviation intensity value. Calculate the fifth difference between the battery temperature limit threshold and the single cell temperature upper limit threshold, and calculate the ratio of the temperature deviation amount to the fifth difference to obtain the temperature deviation intensity value.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining whether a mode switch is needed based on the mode switch trigger value, the switch trigger threshold, the exit switch threshold, and the step interval between the first time and the most recent mode switch time, includes: In response to the mode switching trigger value being less than the exit switching threshold, it is determined that no mode switching is required; In response to the mode switching trigger value being greater than or equal to the switching trigger threshold, and the step interval between the first time and the most recent mode switching time being greater than the step interval threshold, it is determined that a mode switching is required.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the candidate mode set to switch to based on the energy storage system state variables includes: Determine whether the state variables of the energy storage system meet the switching constraints of the corresponding energy storage system operating mode. If the state variables of the energy storage system meet all switching constraints, determine the operating mode of the energy storage system as a candidate mode. When the energy storage system operates in charging mode and discharging mode, the switching constraints include power constraints, battery state of charge constraints, and temperature constraints.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of at least one cost quantity for switching from the first mode to the candidate mode based on the energy storage system state quantities includes at least one of the following: Calculate the sixth difference between the target scheduling power and the expected power of the candidate mode, and calculate the ratio of the absolute value of the sixth difference to the rated power to obtain the power tracking cost. Based on the target scheduling power and power constraints, determine the state of charge outage prediction amount after switching to the candidate mode; based on the highest single cell temperature and temperature rise rate, determine the temperature outage prediction amount after switching to the candidate mode; and perform a weighted summation of the state of charge outage prediction amount and the temperature outage prediction amount to obtain the safety risk cost amount. In response to the candidate mode being different from the first mode, the mode switching cost is determined to be 1; in response to the candidate mode being the same as the first mode, the mode switching cost is determined to be 0.

7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: After switching to the target mode, the power deviation intensity value is obtained for a preset second number of sampling times after the first time, and the average power deviation intensity value is calculated. Calculate the highest single-cell temperature at the last sampling time among the preset second number of sampling times after the first time, subtract the seventh difference of the highest single-cell temperature at the first time, and calculate the ratio of the seventh difference to the battery temperature limit threshold as the temperature rise rate. Determine the number of invalid switching operations of the energy storage system up to the last sampling time; The evaluation value of the mode switching effect at the first moment is determined based on the average power deviation intensity value, the temperature rise rate, and the number of invalid switching. If the evaluation value of the mode switching effect is greater than the switching invalid threshold, the switching trigger threshold and the exit switching threshold are updated according to the difference between the mode switching effect and the switching invalid threshold.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, The system includes at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, the computer program being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the energy storage system mode switching control method according to any one of claims 1-7.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the energy storage system mode switching control method according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the energy storage system mode switching control method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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