Application of grid-connected operation control technology of superconducting magnetic energy storage system

Abstract

The application discloses an application of a superconducting magnetic energy storage system grid-connected operation control technology and belongs to the technical field of power grid operation control. In order to solve the problems of an imperfect SMES control system architecture, impact existing in mode switching and insufficient power grid coordination capability, the application proposes: a three-layer hierarchical control architecture composed of a global decision unit, a regional coordination unit and a local execution unit is adopted to realize hierarchical and zoned control; in the process of switching from a current operation mode to a target operation mode, control parameters are adjusted in advance and power instructions are smoothly transitioned to realize impact-free switching; when a power grid fault is detected, a preset fault support mode is automatically switched to to maintain a grid-connected state. The application further includes a coordination and interaction mechanism with a power grid dispatching center and a robust control strategy such as degraded operation under abnormal working conditions. The application can realize safe, stable and efficient grid-connected operation of the SMES and improve the overall stability of the power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power grid operation control technology, specifically to the application of a grid-connected operation control technology for a superconducting magnetic energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Superconducting magnetic energy storage systems (SMES) are an advanced energy storage technology that exchanges energy with the power grid through power electronic converters, achieving millisecond-level power response. This offers significant advantages in improving grid stability and power quality. During charging, SMES converts electrical energy into magnetic field energy stored in superconducting coils; during discharging, it converts the stored magnetic field energy back into electrical energy and rapidly releases it back into the grid.

[0003] In the grid-connected operation control of SMES (Synchronous Energy Storage Systems), existing technologies mainly focus on the low-level control strategies of the converter, such as using voltage-oriented vector control methods to achieve decoupled control of active and reactive power. In addition, some research focuses on combining SMES with other energy storage devices to form hybrid energy storage systems and coordinating their control. These studies have laid the foundation for the application of SMES.

[0004] However, with the increasing capacity of SMES and their growing importance in the power grid, existing technologies have gradually revealed some shortcomings in practical engineering applications. Firstly, many control systems adopt a single-layer centralized control architecture, where all decisions and execution commands are processed by a central controller. This architecture faces significant challenges in terms of processing capacity, real-time performance, and reliability when dealing with large-capacity SMES power plants containing numerous devices and requiring the processing of massive amounts of data, making it difficult to meet the control requirements under complex operating conditions.

[0005] Secondly, SMES needs to switch between multiple operating modes, such as constant power charging and discharging, frequency support, and voltage support, according to the real-time needs of the power grid. Existing technologies do not adequately consider the control of mode switching, often leading to sudden changes in power output, causing unnecessary shocks to the power grid and affecting its stable operation.

[0006] Most existing SMES control systems operate as independent units within the power grid, primarily focusing on their own power output and lacking mechanisms for deep information interaction and coordinated control with the power grid dispatching system. Furthermore, under abnormal operating conditions such as power grid faults or communication interruptions, the system's fault ride-through capability and autonomous operation capability are insufficient, easily leading to unplanned SMES disconnection from the grid, reducing the overall availability and grid connection reliability of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the technical problems in existing SMES technologies, such as imperfect control architecture, impacts during multi-mode switching, and insufficient grid coordination capabilities, this invention provides a SMES grid-connected operation control method and system, aiming to improve the reliability, smoothness, and intelligence level of SMES grid-connected operation.

[0008] This invention provides an application of SMES grid-connected operation control technology, comprising: a global decision-making unit receiving dispatch instructions from the power grid dispatch center and formulating an overall operation strategy for the SMES based on the instructions; a regional coordination unit receiving the overall operation strategy and decomposing it into specific control objectives for each local device; and a local execution unit receiving the specific control objectives and executing specific power output or absorption operations accordingly. This three-tiered hierarchical control architecture achieves an organic combination of global optimization, regional coordination, and rapid local response, with clear responsibilities at each level, improving the reliability and scalability of the entire control system. The method also includes: during the switch from the current operation mode to the target operation mode, ensuring a smooth transition of the power command from the current value to the target value; and automatically switching to a preset fault support mode for maintaining grid connection during a fault when a grid fault is detected.

[0009] Furthermore, before switching from the current operating mode to the target operating mode, the control parameters of the current mode can be pre-adjusted to match the initial state of the target mode. This pre-synchronization control ensures consistent initial switching conditions, laying the foundation for a smooth transition and further reducing disturbances during the switching process.

[0010] Optionally, the step of smoothly transitioning the power command from the current value to the target value is achieved by using a first-order inertial filter or an S-curve function. Both methods can generate a continuous and smooth power command curve, effectively suppressing power surges, reducing the impact on the power grid, and improving the grid-friendliness of SMES.

[0011] In one implementation, the application further includes: establishing bidirectional communication with the power grid dispatch center, reporting the operating status of the SMES, and receiving dispatch instructions from the power grid dispatch center. This bidirectional interactive mechanism transforms the SMES from a passive execution device into a high-quality, dispatchable resource that can be perceived by the power grid and participate in the overall optimized operation of the power grid.

[0012] Furthermore, the application can automatically adjust power output in response to grid dispatch plans or real-time parameter deviations based on different time scales such as hourly, minutely, and millisecond / second. This multi-time-scale coordinated control strategy enables SMES to execute long-cycle dispatch plans both day-ahead and intraday, respond to real-time frequency and voltage fluctuations in the grid, and provide instantaneous support during transient disturbances, thus achieving comprehensive grid service capabilities.

[0013] Optionally, the preset fault support modes include transient support modes and / or frequency response modes. When a transient event such as a voltage drop occurs in the power grid, the system enters transient support mode to quickly inject reactive power; when a frequency fluctuation occurs in the power grid, it enters frequency response mode to adjust active power output, thereby providing the most effective support for different types of faults.

[0014] In one implementation, the operating mode is predefined to include at least two of the following: standby mode, constant power charge / discharge mode, voltage support mode, frequency support mode, transient support mode, and islanded operation mode. This comprehensive mode definition covers various operating conditions of the SMES, from standby and normal operation to abnormal support, providing a foundation for flexible and comprehensive control functions.

[0015] Furthermore, the application also includes: when communication between the global decision-making unit and the regional coordination unit is interrupted, the regional coordination unit takes over the basic decision-making functions; or, when communication between the regional coordination unit and the local execution unit is interrupted, the local execution unit operates autonomously according to a preset strategy; and the global decision-making unit, the regional coordination unit, and the local execution unit employ redundant communication via dual networks and dual channels. This multi-level redundancy and backup control strategy greatly enhances the system's robustness in communication anomalies, ensuring the continuous operation of core functions.

[0016] Optionally, the application further includes: when a failure is detected in some converters or cooling equipment, the system adjusts its operating parameters to reduce the load, achieving degraded operation. This fault-tolerant control strategy avoids the situation where the entire system shuts down due to a partial equipment failure, improving the overall availability and operating economy of the system.

[0017] This invention also provides a grid-connected operation control system for an SMES (Signal for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises), characterized by comprising: a global decision-making unit for receiving dispatch instructions from the power grid dispatch center and formulating an overall operation strategy for the SMES based on the instructions; a regional coordination unit for receiving the overall operation strategy and decomposing it into specific control objectives for each local device; and a local execution unit for receiving the specific control objectives and executing specific power output or absorption operations accordingly. The regional coordination unit or the local execution unit is further configured to: smoothly transition the power command from the current value to the target value during the switching from the current operation mode to the target operation mode; and automatically switch to a preset fault support mode for maintaining grid connection during a fault when a grid fault is detected.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: By constructing a three-tiered hierarchical control architecture of "global decision-making unit - regional coordination unit - local execution unit," it achieves layered control of "global optimization - regional coordination - local rapid response." Each layer has clearly defined responsibilities and serves as a backup for the others, significantly improving the reliability and scalability of the control system. Through pre-synchronization control and power smooth transition algorithms, it achieves shock-free switching between multiple control modes of SMES, reducing the disturbance of power surges to the power grid and improving grid-friendliness. By establishing a two-way coordination and interaction mechanism with the power grid dispatching system, SMES can participate in system-level optimization operation as a dispatchable resource of the power grid, realizing optimized resource allocation. In addition, through robust control methods such as preset fault support modes, communication interruption fault tolerance, and equipment degradation operation, it ensures that SMES can maintain stable operation or safely exit under various abnormal operating conditions, greatly improving the availability and security of the system and laying a solid technical foundation for the large-scale engineering application of SMES technology. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-layer hierarchical control architecture of SMES in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the multi-mode smooth switching control method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a state transition diagram of the SMES grid-connected operation control mode in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a control flowchart during a power grid fault in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0025] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides an application of SMES grid-connected operation control technology, employing a three-tiered hierarchical control architecture. This architecture decomposes complex control tasks into different levels, achieving hierarchical control of "global optimization—regional coordination—local rapid response." Specifically, the architecture includes a global decision-making unit 100, a regional coordination unit 200, and at least one local execution unit 300. This hierarchical design clearly defines the responsibilities of each part, enabling the system to make forward-looking and responsive decisions when facing complex power grid environments, thereby significantly improving the reliability and scalability of the entire control system.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the global decision-making unit 100 constitutes the highest decision-making layer of this control architecture. Its core function is to receive dispatch instructions from the external power grid dispatch center 10, such as day-ahead or intraday charging and discharging plans, power curves, etc. Based on these instructions, the global decision-making unit 100 formulates the overall operation strategy for the entire SMES power plant. This strategy not only includes the macro-level energy dispatch plan but also covers the operating modes to be adopted within specific time periods. This unit can also perform long-term monitoring, data recording, and report generation of the entire plant's operating status, providing a data foundation for subsequent operation optimization and fault analysis.

[0027] The regional coordination unit 200 serves as an intermediate coordination layer connecting the global strategy and local execution. This unit receives overall operational strategy instructions from the global decision-making unit 100 and precisely decomposes them into specific control objectives that each local execution unit 300 can directly execute. For example, a strategy instruction of "constant power discharge 50MW" is decomposed into specific active and reactive power setpoints for the converter 310, and corresponding cooling level requirements for the superconducting magnet and cooling system 320. This unit is also responsible for coordinating the cooperation between multiple local devices, such as power allocation in systems containing series and parallel converters, or adjusting the operating state of the cooling system in advance based on predicted charging and discharging power. This proactive coordination avoids operational conflicts within the system, ensuring stable and efficient overall operation.

[0028] The Local Execution Unit 300 is the lowest execution layer of the control architecture, interacting directly with the physical devices of the SMES. It includes the converter 310 interfaced with the power grid, the superconducting magnet storing energy and the cooling system 320, as well as related protection and control devices. Its primary responsibility is to accurately execute specific control objectives from the Regional Coordination Unit 200, such as controlling the switching of the converter 310 to achieve specific power output or absorption operations. Simultaneously, the Local Execution Unit 300 must also collect real-time operating parameters of local equipment, such as voltage, current, magnet temperature, and coolant pressure, and upload this status information. Furthermore, this unit incorporates fast local protection logic, such as quench protection and overcurrent protection, to ensure the safety of the equipment itself in the event of communication delays or abnormal upper-level commands.

[0029] To illustrate the specific flow of the control method provided by this invention, a complete control cycle will be described below. First, the global decision-making unit 100 receives a dispatch instruction from the power grid dispatch center 10, for example, to execute a "constant power discharge" task during peak power consumption periods. The global decision-making unit 100 then formulates an overall operating strategy, determining the discharge power to be 50MW and the duration to be 1 hour. Next, this strategy is sent to the regional coordination unit 200. Upon receiving the strategy, the regional coordination unit 200 decomposes it into specific control objectives for the converter 310, namely, the active power command P. = 50MW, reactive power command Q = 0MVar, and simultaneously sends instructions to the superconducting magnet and cooling system 320, requiring them to maintain a cooling level capable of supporting 50MW power discharge.

[0030] Subsequently, these specific control targets are transmitted to the local execution unit 300. Upon receiving the power command, the converter controller in the local execution unit 300 precisely controls the converter 310 to output 50MW of active power to the grid by adjusting the pulse width modulation (PWM) signal of its internal power electronic switches (such as IGBTs). Throughout the discharge process, the local execution unit 300 continuously collects data such as actual output power, grid voltage, and current, and feeds this data back to the upper-level unit, forming a closed-loop control that ensures the accuracy and stability of the power output. Through this hierarchical collaboration, the system efficiently and accurately completes a macroscopic scheduling task.

[0031] A key technical feature of this invention is its ability to ensure a smooth transition between different operating modes. For example, after completing the constant power discharge task, the system may need to switch to a "voltage support" mode to cope with grid voltage fluctuations. During the switch from the current operating mode (constant power discharge) to the target operating mode (voltage support), the control system does not change the power command instantaneously, but rather smoothly transitions the power command from the current value (50MW) to the target value (e.g., a smaller value or zero calculated based on the voltage deviation). This smooth transition mechanism reduces the impact of power surges on the grid and the stress on the SMES equipment itself, significantly improving the grid-connected friendliness and equipment lifespan of the SMES.

[0032] Furthermore, the application of this invention also includes rapid response capabilities to abnormal grid conditions. During normal grid-connected operation of the SMES system, the control system continuously monitors key parameters of the grid, such as voltage and frequency. When a grid fault is detected, for example, a momentary voltage drop at the grid connection point caused by a short circuit in a remote line, the system immediately identifies this abnormal condition. At this time, the system no longer executes conventional dispatch commands but automatically switches to a preset fault support mode. In this mode, the system's control objective becomes maintaining grid connection as much as possible and providing rapid dynamic support to the grid, such as injecting a large amount of reactive power to help voltage recovery. This ability to automatically switch to a preset fault support mode transforms the SMES system from a passive power device into an active grid stabilizer, greatly enhancing the transient stability of the grid.

[0033] To further optimize the smoothness of mode switching, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2As shown, before switching from the current operating mode to the target operating mode, a pre-synchronization control step S202 is included. This step aims to pre-adjust the control parameters of the current mode to match the initial state of the target mode as closely as possible. Taking the switch from constant power charging mode to voltage support mode as an example, before the formal switch, the control system will pre-switch the internal control loop of the converter 310 from power command-based control to voltage command-based control, and complete the re-locking and synchronization of the phase-locked loop (PLL) with the target voltage phase. By performing pre-synchronization control, the oscillation or overshoot that may be caused by the mismatch between the control target and state variables during the mode switch can be eliminated, making the subsequent power transition process smoother and more stable.

[0034] In the specific power smooth transition step S203, various mathematical functions can be used to generate transition curves to achieve a smooth change in the power command from the current value to the target value. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, this step is achieved by using a first-order inertial filter or an S-curve function. For example, if an S-curve function is used, the change law of the power command P(t) during the switching process can be expressed as P(t) = P_start + (P_end - P_start) * f(t / T), where P_start is the active power value before switching in MW, P_end is the target active power value after switching in MW, t is the elapsed time since the start of switching in s, T is the preset switching time in s, T is determined according to the power response capability of the superconducting magnetic energy storage system, the allowable power change rate of the converter, and the grid-connected operation safety requirements, and f(x) is an S-curve function that smoothly transitions from 0 to 1 in the interval [0,1], such as f(x) = 3x^2 - 2x^3. The advantage of using an S-curve function is that its derivative is zero at both the start and end points. This means that the rate of change of power (i.e., power surge) is also zero at the start and end of the switching, thus achieving the smoothest transition to the greatest extent and minimizing disturbance to the power grid.

[0035] like Figure 3As shown, to achieve systematic and standardized operation management, the operating modes in this invention are predefined to include multiple types to address different grid demands and system states. These modes include at least: standby mode M1, in which the system maintains a low magnet temperature, the converter system is on standby, power consumption is minimized, and it is suitable for intermittent periods without dispatch instructions; constant power charging mode M2, used to absorb electrical energy at a set power during off-peak hours; constant power discharging mode M3, used to release energy to the grid at a set power during peak hours; voltage / frequency support mode M4, used to provide dynamic support by rapidly injecting or absorbing reactive / active power when the grid voltage or frequency deviates from the rated value; and transient support mode M5, specifically designed to address severe faults such as grid short circuits, injecting maximum available power with a millisecond-level response speed to support the transient stability of the grid. Additionally, an islanding operation mode may be included, used to independently maintain the stability of a local grid as a voltage source after disconnection from the main grid. By predefining these modes and their explicit triggering conditions and control objectives, and managing them using a state machine, the modularization of SMES functions and the clarity of control logic are achieved.

[0036] To enable the SMES system to be deeply integrated into the power grid operation as a controllable resource, the application of this invention also includes establishing bidirectional communication with the power grid dispatch center 10. This communication is achieved through the global decision-making unit 100, following standard power system communication protocols (such as IEC 60870-5-104 or IEC 61850). The reported operating status information, i.e., uplink information, can specifically include the real-time charging and discharging status of the SMES, the stored energy expressed as a percentage, the currently available maximum charging and discharging power, the equipment health status, and various alarm information. Downlink dispatch instructions include specific charging / discharging power command values, operating mode commands, and planned power curves for a future period. This close bidirectional information exchange allows the power grid dispatcher to accurately understand and control the status of the SMES, just like dispatching conventional generating units, providing a technical prerequisite for achieving optimal resource allocation across the entire power grid.

[0037] Based on the aforementioned two-way communication mechanism, the application of this invention further realizes multi-timescale coordinated control logic to respond to different levels of grid demand. At long timescales, such as hourly, the global decision-making unit 100 receives the day-ahead or intraday power generation plan issued by the grid dispatch center 10 and, combined with electricity price information and its own energy storage status, autonomously formulates the optimal charging and discharging plan. At medium timescales, such as minute-ahead, the regional coordination unit 200 automatically fine-tunes the active or reactive power output of the SMES based on real-time monitored deviations in grid frequency or key node voltage, participating in secondary frequency regulation or voltage regulation of the grid. At short timescales, i.e., milliseconds / seconds, when transient disturbances occur in the grid, the controller of the local execution unit 300 autonomously completes rapid power support. Through this multi-timescale hierarchical control, comprehensive services for the grid, from steady-state optimization to dynamic support, are achieved.

[0038] During grid faults, to maximize the support provided by the SMES to the grid, the preset fault support mode may specifically include a transient support mode and / or a frequency response mode. For example... Figure 4 As shown, when the control system detects a grid fault S401 through local measurements, such as a voltage drop at the grid connection point exceeding a preset threshold, the system will immediately and automatically switch to transient support mode S402. In this mode, the control objective shifts to rapidly injecting reactive or active power S403 to support the voltage or frequency at the fault point. The specific control algorithm can follow relevant grid guidelines; for example, during a voltage drop, reactive current is preferentially injected, the magnitude of which is proportional to the depth of the voltage drop. When the grid voltage returns to normal and a fault clearance S404 is detected, the system will detect this state change and automatically and smoothly return to the normal operating mode S405 before the fault occurred. This capability ensures that the SMES (Situationally Safe Grid Interconnection System) will not easily disconnect from the grid during grid disturbances, enhancing the resilience of the entire power system.

[0039] To address potential anomalies within the control system, this invention incorporates robust redundancy and fault-tolerance mechanisms. A key design feature is that when communication between the global decision-making unit 100 and the regional coordination unit 200 is interrupted, the regional coordination unit 200 can take over basic decision-making functions based on a preset backup strategy or local information, ensuring that the SMES does not completely fail due to a single point of failure in the upper-level communication link. Similarly, when communication between the regional coordination unit 200 and the local execution unit 300 is interrupted, the local execution unit 300 switches to a preset autonomous operation strategy, preventing the equipment from operating without control. To fundamentally improve communication reliability, the communication network between the global decision-making unit 100, the regional coordination unit 200, and the local execution unit 300 employs a dual-network, dual-channel redundant physical link design. This multi-layered communication interruption handling strategy and hardware redundancy design jointly ensure the reliable transmission of control commands and the system's controllability under extreme conditions.

[0040] In addition to the robustness of the communication system, this invention also considers strategies for handling physical equipment failures. When the system detects a failure in some power electronic devices or auxiliary equipment, for example, a converter module shutting down protectively due to overheating, the system does not immediately shut down the entire station. Instead, it initiates a degraded operation strategy. The control system first isolates the faulty module, then recalculates the remaining power output capacity of the system and adjusts operating parameters accordingly to reduce the overall load. For example, if a converter module failure causes a 50% drop in rated power, the system automatically limits the upper limit of the power command to 50% of the rated power and notifies the global decision-making unit 100 and the power grid dispatch center 10 of the current available capacity. This degraded operation capability greatly improves the system's availability and its ability to continue service under the influence of failures.

[0041] Corresponding to the above method embodiments, the present invention also provides a grid-connected operation control system for SMES. This system physically and logically implements the aforementioned three-tiered hierarchical architecture. The system includes: a global decision-making unit 100, which internally contains a processor and a memory. The memory stores a program module for receiving dispatch instructions from the power grid dispatch center 10 and formulating the overall operation strategy of the SMES based on these instructions.

[0042] The system also includes a regional coordination unit 200, which also contains a processor and memory, storing program modules for receiving the overall operating strategy and breaking it down into specific control objectives for each local device.

[0043] The system further includes a local execution unit 300, which contains a processor and a program module stored in a memory for receiving the specific control target and driving physical devices such as the converter 310 to perform specific power output or absorption operations accordingly.

[0044] In this control system, the processors of the regional coordination unit 200 or the local execution unit 300, when executing specific program modules in their memory, are also configured to implement smooth control of mode switching and automatic fault response. Specifically, when a mode switch is required, the regional coordination unit 200 executes pre-synchronization control and power smooth transition algorithms to generate a smooth power command sequence and send it to the local execution unit 300. Simultaneously, the local execution unit 300 continuously monitors the power grid status. When its internal fault detection module is triggered, it bypasses upper-level instructions and immediately executes the preset fault support mode control logic stored locally, thereby achieving a millisecond-level rapid response. This functional allocation ensures the coordination of smooth switching and the real-time nature of fault response.

[0045] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For system embodiments corresponding to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments. The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An application of a grid-connected operation control technology for a superconducting magnetic energy storage system, characterized in that, include: A global decision-making unit receives dispatch instructions from the power grid dispatch center and formulates the overall operation strategy of the superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on these instructions. The overall operation strategy is received by a regional coordination unit and broken down into specific control objectives for each local device. The specific control target is received by a local execution unit, and the specific power output or absorption operation is performed accordingly. During the transition from the current operating mode to the target operating mode, the power command is smoothly transitioned from the current value to the target value. When a grid fault is detected, it automatically switches to a preset fault support mode for maintaining grid connection during the fault.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application also includes: Before switching from the current operating mode to the target operating mode, the control parameters of the current mode are pre-adjusted to match the initial state of the target mode.

3. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of smoothly transitioning the power command from the current value to the target value is achieved by using a first-order inertial filter or an S-curve function.

4. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application also includes: It establishes two-way communication with the power grid dispatch center, reports the operating status of the superconducting magnetic energy storage system, and receives dispatch instructions from the power grid dispatch center.

5. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that, The application also includes: Based on different time scales such as hourly, minutely, and millisecond / secondly, it automatically adjusts power output in response to grid dispatch plans or real-time parameter deviations.

6. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset fault support modes include transient support mode and / or frequency response mode.

7. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating modes are predefined to include at least two of the following: standby mode, constant power charge / discharge mode, voltage support mode, frequency support mode, transient support mode, and islanded operation mode.

8. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application further includes: when communication between the global decision-making unit and the regional coordination unit is interrupted, the regional coordination unit takes over the basic decision-making function; or, when communication between the regional coordination unit and the local execution unit is interrupted, the local execution unit operates autonomously according to a preset strategy; and the global decision-making unit, the regional coordination unit, and the local execution unit adopt redundant communication with dual networks and dual channels.

9. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application also includes: When a fault is detected in some converters or cooling equipment, the system adjusts its operating parameters to reduce the load, maintain some power output capacity, and achieve degraded operation.

10. A grid-connected operation control system for a superconducting magnetic energy storage system, characterized in that, include: A global decision-making unit is used to receive dispatch instructions from the power grid dispatch center and formulate the overall operation strategy of the superconducting magnetic energy storage system based on the instructions; A regional coordination unit is used to receive the overall operation strategy and decompose it into specific control objectives for each local device. A local execution unit is used to receive the specific control target and perform specific power output or absorption operations accordingly; The regional coordination unit or the local execution unit is further configured to, during the process of switching from the current operating mode to the target operating mode, smoothly transition the power command from the current value to the target value. And when a grid fault is detected, it automatically switches to a preset fault support mode to maintain grid connection during the fault.

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