Distributed power transmission and transformation control system and control method based on adaptive power allocation

Abstract

The application relates to the field of automatic control of power systems, and discloses a distributed power transmission and transformation control system and method based on adaptive power distribution; the system comprises a power transmission and transformation operation data acquisition unit, a boundary safety margin calculation unit, an adjustable resource image unit, an adaptive power distribution unit, a distributed execution unit and a feedback correction unit; through acquisition of line current, bus voltage, main transformer load rate, feeder reverse power and distributed adjustable resource state, a safety margin image of a power transmission and transformation boundary and a response capability image of distributed adjustable resources are generated, and an adjustment distribution coefficient is determined according to constraint types, active adjustment instructions, reactive adjustment instructions and voltage regulation instructions are generated; after execution, the adjustment distribution coefficient of the next control cycle is corrected according to actual response amounts. Thus, distributed power collaborative control under the constraint of a power transmission and transformation boundary is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power system automation control, specifically to a distributed power transmission and transformation control system and method based on adaptive power allocation. Background Technology With the increasing integration of new energy power generation, energy storage devices, adjustable loads, and power electronic equipment into power transmission and transformation systems, the operational coupling between transmission lines, transformers, buses, and feeders is becoming increasingly tight. Traditional power transmission and transformation control methods typically rely on the dispatching master station or substation automation system to monitor line power flow, bus voltage, main transformer load rate, and reactive power compensation status. When local operating parameters approach their limits, adjustments are made through reactive power compensation switching, on-load tap regulation, load adjustment, or distributed power generation output control. While this approach can meet the operational control requirements under normal load variation conditions, with the increasing number of distributed resources, frequent output fluctuations, and increased feeder backfeeding, single equipment parameters or single control objectives are no longer sufficient to accurately reflect the comprehensive safety status of the power transmission and transformation boundary.

[0002] In existing power distribution control technologies, one type of solution mainly targets energy storage systems or microgrid scenarios, typically allocating power among multiple power sources or energy storage units based on the energy storage's state of charge, rated capacity, droop characteristics, or inverter output capability. Another type of solution focuses on reactive power optimization in transmission and distribution networks, emphasizing optimized control of reactive power compensation equipment, inverter reactive power output, or on-load tap changers based on voltage deviation, reactive power capacity, or network loss targets. While these solutions can improve local voltage or achieve power sharing among multiple resources in specific scenarios, their control basis is largely concentrated on the resource's own state or a single electrical quantity. They fail to uniformly correlate line thermal stability margin, bus voltage margin, main transformer dynamic overload margin, reactive power support margin, and feeder backfeed margin according to transmission and distribution boundaries, and also struggle to automatically distinguish the control objects of active power regulation, reactive power regulation, and voltage regulation based on the constraint types of different limited boundaries.

[0003] Furthermore, in actual power transmission and transformation operations, the nominal capacity of different distributed adjustable resources is not equivalent to the actual available regulation capacity. For example, some adjustable loads have response delays, some energy storage devices are limited by their state of charge, some inverters are constrained by their current output and capacity, some reactive power compensation devices are limited by their switching status, and on-load tap changers may also have tap lockouts or limited number of operations. If regulation commands are still allocated according to a fixed ratio, rated capacity, or a single margin index, problems such as insufficient resource response after the command is issued, local boundaries still approaching limits, passive pressure on adjacent boundaries, and repeated regulation are likely to occur. Especially when communication is abnormal or adjacent boundary data is missing, centralized power distribution control may also fail to form effective control in a timely manner due to the lack of complete operational information. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a distributed power transmission and transformation control system and method that can comprehensively address the safety status of power transmission and transformation boundaries, combine the actual response capabilities of distributed resources, and have feedback correction capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a distributed power transmission and transformation control system and method based on adaptive power allocation, in order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A distributed power transmission and transformation control system based on adaptive power allocation includes: The power transmission and transformation operation data acquisition unit, boundary safety margin calculation unit, adjustable resource profiling unit, adaptive power allocation unit, distributed execution unit, and feedback correction unit are characterized by: The power transmission and transformation operation data acquisition unit is used to collect operation data of transmission lines, transformers, busbars, feeders and distributed adjustable resources. The operation data includes at least line current, busbar voltage, line active power, line reactive power, main transformer load rate, main transformer temperature, feeder backfeed power, reactive power compensation capacity, energy storage state of charge, inverter adjustable capacity and adjustable load response status. The main transformer temperature includes one or more of the main transformer winding temperature and oil temperature. The boundary safety margin calculation unit is used to calculate the line thermal stability margin, bus voltage margin, main transformer dynamic overload margin, reactive power support margin and feeder reverse power supply margin according to the operating data, and generate the corresponding safety margin profile of the transmission and transformation boundary. The adjustable resource profiling unit is used to generate a profiling of the response capability of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource based on the current adjustable capacity, response latency, ramp rate, continuous adjustment time, communication status and historical response deviation of the distributed adjustable resource. The historical response deviation is the difference between the target adjustment amount and the actual response amount in the previous control cycle, and the historical response deviation in the initial control cycle adopts a preset initial value. The adaptive power allocation unit is used to determine the transmission and transformation boundary to be regulated and its constraint type based on the safety margin profile, and to determine the adjustment allocation coefficient of the distributed adjustable resources participating in the regulation based on the constraint type, response capability profile and historical response deviation, and to generate one or more of the active power regulation command, reactive power regulation command and voltage regulation command according to the adjustment allocation coefficient. The distributed execution unit is used to send active power regulation commands to one or more of the corresponding energy storage devices, distributed power inverters and adjustable loads, to one or more of the corresponding distributed power inverters and reactive power compensation devices, and to send voltage regulation commands to the corresponding on-load voltage regulating devices. The feedback correction unit is used to obtain the actual response of the distributed adjustable resource after executing the corresponding control command, and to correct the adjustment allocation coefficient of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource in the next control cycle based on the response deviation between the actual response and the target adjustment.

[0006] Preferably, the boundary safety margin calculation unit includes a limit value storage module, a boundary data matching module, and a margin generation module; The limit storage module stores the line thermal stability limit, the upper limit of the bus voltage, the lower limit of the bus voltage, the main transformer load rate limit, the main transformer allowable temperature value, the reactive power compensation capacity limit, and the feeder allowable reverse power limit. The boundary data matching module establishes boundary data groups according to transmission lines, transformers, busbars, feeders, and distributed adjustable resource access points; The margin generation module determines the margin value based on the distance between the real-time operating value and the corresponding limit value in the boundary data group, and associates the margin value with the boundary identifier of the corresponding transmission and transformation boundary to form a safety margin profile.

[0007] Preferably, the adjustable resource profiling unit includes a resource classification module, an adjustable range determination module, and a response credibility generation module; The resource classification module categorizes distributed adjustable resources into energy storage devices, distributed power inverters, reactive power compensation devices, on-load tap changers, and adjustable loads based on their access points, resource types, rated capacity, and current operating status. The adjustable range determination module determines the rechargeable and dischargeable power of the energy storage device, the active power that can be reduced and the reactive power that can be adjusted of the distributed power inverter, the reactive capacity that can be put into and the reactive capacity that can be taken out of the reactive compensation device, the up-shift and down-shift positions of the on-load tap changer, and the power that can be reduced and the power that can be increased of the adjustable load. The response credibility generation module generates response credibility based on the instruction reception time, response start time, target adjustment amount, and actual response amount of the same distributed adjustable resource in the previous control cycle, and writes the response credibility into the response capability profile. The response credibility of the initial control cycle adopts the preset initial response credibility.

[0008] Preferably, the adaptive power allocation unit includes a constraint type determination module and an adjustment object screening module; The constraint type determination module determines the transmission and transformation boundary in the safety margin profile as a line power flow constraint when the line thermal stability margin is lower than the line margin threshold, the transmission and transformation boundary as a main transformer load constraint when the main transformer dynamic overload margin is lower than the main transformer margin threshold, the transmission and transformation boundary as a bus voltage constraint when the bus voltage margin is lower than the voltage margin threshold, the transmission and transformation boundary as a reactive power support constraint when the reactive power support margin is lower than the reactive power support threshold, and the transmission and transformation boundary as a feeder reverse power supply constraint when the feeder reverse power supply margin is lower than the reverse power supply margin threshold. The adjustment object screening module selects distributed adjustable resources to participate in the adjustment from those that have an electrical connection with the boundary of the power transmission and transformation to be adjusted, based on the constraint type.

[0009] Preferably, the adaptive power allocation unit further includes an allocation coefficient generation module; Under line power flow constraints or main transformer load constraints, the allocation coefficient generation module generates active power adjustment allocation coefficients based on the adjustable active power, adjustable active power, ramp rate, continuous adjustment time and response reliability of the distributed adjustable resources involved in the adjustment. Under bus voltage constraints or reactive power support constraints, the allocation coefficient generation module generates reactive power regulation allocation coefficients or voltage regulation allocation coefficients based on the reactive power that can be generated, reactive power that can be absorbed, up-level position, down-level position and response reliability of the distributed adjustable resources involved in the regulation. Under the feeder backfeed constraint, the allocation coefficient generation module generates the active power adjustment allocation coefficient under the backfeed constraint based on the reduced active power of the distributed power inverter, the rechargeable power of the energy storage device, the increased power consumption of the adjustable load, and the response reliability.

[0010] Preferably, the distributed execution unit includes a site edge controller and a resource-side control interface; The station edge controller communicates with the resource-side control interface of energy storage devices, distributed power inverters, reactive power compensation devices, on-load tap changers and adjustable loads in the same substation or feeder area. The station edge controller receives active power adjustment commands, reactive power adjustment commands, and voltage regulation commands generated by the adaptive power allocation unit. After performing amplitude limiting processing on the active power adjustment commands, reactive power adjustment commands, and voltage regulation commands according to the adjustable range of the corresponding distributed adjustable resources, the commands are sent to the corresponding resource-side control interface.

[0011] Preferably, the feedback correction unit includes a response deviation calculation module, a coefficient correction module, and an anomaly degradation module; The response deviation calculation module calculates the active response deviation between the target active power regulation and the actual active power response, the reactive power response deviation between the target reactive power regulation and the actual reactive power response, and the voltage regulation response deviation between the target voltage regulation level and the actual voltage regulation level for the same distributed adjustable resource within the same control cycle. When the corresponding response deviation is greater than the preset deviation threshold, the coefficient correction module reduces the adjustment allocation coefficient of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource in the next control cycle. When the corresponding response deviation is less than or equal to the preset deviation threshold, the adjustment allocation coefficient of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource in the next control cycle is increased according to the preset recovery step size, and the increased adjustment allocation coefficient does not exceed the preset coefficient upper limit. When the substation edge controller does not receive the upper-level allocation instruction or obtain the safety margin profile of the adjacent power transmission and transformation boundary, the abnormal degradation module generates a local limiting control instruction based on the locally collected line current, bus voltage, main transformer load rate and feeder reverse power.

[0012] The distributed transmission and transformation control method based on adaptive power allocation includes the following steps: S1: Collect operational data of transmission lines, transformers, busbars, feeders and distributed adjustable resources. The operational data shall include at least line current, busbar voltage, line active power, line reactive power, main transformer load rate, main transformer temperature, feeder backfeed power, reactive power compensation capacity, energy storage state of charge, inverter adjustable capacity and adjustable load response status. The main transformer temperature shall include one or more of the following: main transformer winding temperature and oil temperature. S2: Calculate the line thermal stability margin, bus voltage margin, main transformer dynamic overload margin, reactive power support margin, and feeder reverse power supply margin based on the operating data, and generate a safety margin profile for the corresponding transmission and transformation boundary. S3: Generate a response capability profile of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource based on the current adjustable capacity, response latency, ramp rate, continuous adjustment time, communication status, and historical response deviation of the distributed adjustable resource; wherein, the historical response deviation is the difference between the target adjustment amount and the actual response amount in the previous control cycle, and the historical response deviation in the initial control cycle adopts a preset initial value. S4: Determine the transmission and transformation boundary to be regulated and its constraint type based on the safety margin profile. The constraint types include line power flow constraints, main transformer load constraints, bus voltage constraints, reactive power support constraints, and feeder reverse power supply constraints. S5: Based on the constraint type, response capability profile, and historical response deviation, determine the adjustment allocation coefficient of the distributed adjustable resources participating in the adjustment, and generate one or more of the corresponding active power adjustment command, reactive power adjustment command, and voltage adjustment command according to the adjustment allocation coefficient. S6: Send active power regulation commands to one or more of the corresponding energy storage devices, distributed power inverters and adjustable loads; send reactive power regulation commands to one or more of the corresponding distributed power inverters and reactive power compensation devices; send voltage regulation commands to the corresponding on-load voltage regulating devices. S7: Collect the actual response amount after each distributed adjustable resource is executed, and adjust the adjustment allocation coefficient of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource in the next control cycle according to the response deviation between the actual response amount and the target adjustment amount.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, generating a safety margin profile for the corresponding power transmission and transformation boundary includes: comparing the collected line current with the line thermal stability limit to obtain the line thermal stability margin. The bus voltage margin is obtained by comparing it with the upper limit and lower limit of the bus voltage, respectively. The transformer load rate is compared with the transformer load rate limit, and the transformer temperature is compared with the transformer allowable temperature value to obtain the transformer dynamic overload margin. The reactive power support margin is obtained by comparing the current reactive power compensation capacity with the reactive power compensation capacity limit. The feeder backfeed margin is obtained by comparing the feeder backfeed power with the feeder's allowable backfeed power limit. The thermal stability margin of the line, the voltage margin of the bus, the dynamic overload margin of the main transformer, the reactive power support margin, and the feeder reverse power transmission margin are associated and stored with the boundary identifiers of the corresponding transmission and transformation boundaries.

[0014] Preferably, in steps S5 to S7, determining and correcting the adjustment allocation coefficients of the distributed adjustable resources participating in the adjustment includes: determining the distributed adjustable resources participating in the adjustment from those that have an electrical connection with the transmission and transformation boundary to be adjusted, based on the constraint type of the boundary to be adjusted. The initial adjustment allocation coefficients are generated based on the current adjustable capacity, response latency, ramp rate, continuous adjustment time, communication status, and historical response deviation of the distributed adjustable resources involved in the adjustment. Generate one or more of the following commands based on the initial adjustment allocation coefficients: active power regulation command, reactive power regulation command, and voltage regulation command; After execution, the actual response of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource is collected, and the adjustment allocation coefficient of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource in the next control cycle is updated according to the response deviation between the actual response and the target adjustment.

[0015] In summary, the present invention has the following main beneficial effects: By uniformly dividing transmission lines, transformers, buses, feeders, and distributed adjustable resource access points into transmission and transformation boundaries, and generating a safety margin profile for each boundary that includes line thermal stability margin, bus voltage margin, main transformer dynamic overload margin, reactive power support margin, and feeder backfeed margin, the system can clearly identify specific constrained boundaries and their constraint types before power regulation. This achieves the effect of no longer simply regulating based on a single voltage deviation, single load rate, or single energy storage state of charge. Therefore, in complex operating scenarios such as distributed power fluctuations, load surges, feeder backfeed, or main transformer temperature rise accumulation, power allocation actions can be correlated with line power flow, bus voltage, main transformer overload, reactive power support, and backfeed constraints, reducing problems such as local over-limit, redundant regulation, and ineffective regulation caused by inaccurate selection of regulation targets.

[0016] By creating response capability profiles for energy storage devices, distributed power inverters, reactive power compensation devices, on-load tap changers, and adjustable loads, and incorporating current adjustable capacity, response delay, ramp rate, continuous adjustment time, communication status, and historical response deviation into the determination process of adjustment allocation coefficients, power regulation is no longer allocated according to rated capacity or a fixed ratio. This achieves the effect of dynamically allocating active power regulation commands, reactive power regulation commands, and tap change commands based on the actual adjustable capacity and actual response reliability of the resources. For resources with large nominal capacity but long response delays, poor communication status, or large historical execution deviations, the system can reduce their subsequent adjustment allocation weights. For resources with timely responses and small execution deviations, the system can restore their adjustment weights within a preset range, thereby improving the accuracy of distributed regulation resource utilization and the implementation of control commands.

[0017] By setting up a station edge controller, resource-side control interface, and feedback correction unit, the control commands generated by the adaptive power allocation unit are locally limited before being sent out. After the commands are executed, the actual response is collected to correct the adjustment allocation coefficient for the next control cycle, achieving a closed-loop control effect of "boundary identification - resource screening - command execution - response write-back". Furthermore, when the station edge controller does not receive the allocation command from the upper level or does not obtain the safety margin profile of the adjacent transmission and transformation boundary, it can generate local limiting control commands based on the local line current, bus voltage, main transformer load rate, and feeder backfeed power. This avoids the system from relying entirely on the upper-level centralized control or complete communication link, thereby improving the continuous control capability of distributed transmission and transformation control under conditions of communication anomalies, missing boundary data, and sudden changes in local operating constraints. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1 refer to Figure 1 A distributed power transmission and transformation control system based on adaptive power allocation includes: The power transmission and transformation operation data acquisition unit, boundary safety margin calculation unit, adjustable resource profiling unit, adaptive power allocation unit, distributed execution unit, and feedback correction unit are characterized by: The power transmission and transformation operation data acquisition unit is used to collect operation data of transmission lines, transformers, busbars, feeders and distributed adjustable resources. The operation data includes at least line current, busbar voltage, line active power, line reactive power, main transformer load rate, main transformer temperature, feeder backfeed power, reactive power compensation capacity, energy storage state of charge, inverter adjustable capacity and adjustable load response status. The main transformer temperature includes one or more of the main transformer winding temperature and oil temperature. The boundary safety margin calculation unit is used to calculate the line thermal stability margin, bus voltage margin, main transformer dynamic overload margin, reactive power support margin and feeder reverse power supply margin according to the operating data, and generate the corresponding safety margin profile of the transmission and transformation boundary. The adjustable resource profiling unit is used to generate a profiling of the response capability of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource based on the current adjustable capacity, response latency, ramp rate, continuous adjustment time, communication status and historical response deviation of the distributed adjustable resource. The historical response deviation is the difference between the target adjustment amount and the actual response amount in the previous control cycle, and the historical response deviation in the initial control cycle adopts a preset initial value. The adaptive power allocation unit is used to determine the transmission and transformation boundary to be regulated and its constraint type based on the safety margin profile, and to determine the adjustment allocation coefficient of the distributed adjustable resources participating in the regulation based on the constraint type, response capability profile and historical response deviation, and to generate one or more of the active power regulation command, reactive power regulation command and voltage regulation command according to the adjustment allocation coefficient. The distributed execution unit is used to send active power regulation commands to one or more of the corresponding energy storage devices, distributed power inverters and adjustable loads, to one or more of the corresponding distributed power inverters and reactive power compensation devices, and to send voltage regulation commands to the corresponding on-load voltage regulating devices. The feedback correction unit is used to obtain the actual response of the distributed adjustable resource after executing the corresponding control command, and to correct the adjustment allocation coefficient of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource in the next control cycle based on the response deviation between the actual response and the target adjustment.

[0021] This application applies to power transmission and transformation operation scenarios that include distributed power sources, energy storage devices, reactive power compensation devices, on-load tap changers, and adjustable loads. The power transmission and transformation boundaries include the transmission line boundary, the high-voltage side boundary of the transformer, the low-voltage side boundary of the transformer, the busbar boundary, the feeder outlet boundary, and the boundary of the distributed adjustable resource access point. The distributed adjustable resources include energy storage devices, distributed power source inverters, reactive power compensation devices, on-load tap changers, and adjustable loads. Specifically, energy storage devices are used to perform active power regulation in the form of charging or discharging; distributed power source inverters are used to perform active power reduction regulation and reactive power generation or absorption regulation; reactive power compensation devices are used to perform reactive power capacity input or output regulation; on-load tap changers are used to perform voltage level adjustment; and adjustable loads are used to perform load reduction or power consumption increase regulation.

[0022] In this embodiment, the control system includes a power transmission and transformation operation data acquisition unit, a boundary safety margin calculation unit, an adjustable resource profiling unit, an adaptive power allocation unit, a distributed execution unit, and a feedback correction unit. The power transmission and transformation operation data acquisition unit is connected to the substation monitoring system, feeder measurement and control devices, line protection measurement and control devices, main transformer monitoring devices, energy storage management system, distributed power inverter controller, reactive power compensation controller, on-load tap changer controller, and adjustable load control terminal. The acquired data messages include at least the measurement point identifier, equipment identifier, boundary identifier, resource identifier, sampling time, and operating data value, enabling the acquired operating data to be matched according to the power transmission and transformation boundaries and distributed adjustable resources.

[0023] The power transmission and transformation operation data acquisition unit collects operation data including line current, bus voltage, line active power, line reactive power, main transformer load rate, main transformer temperature, feeder reverse power, reactive power compensation capacity, energy storage state of charge, inverter adjustable capacity, and adjustable load response status. The main transformer temperature includes one or more of the following: main transformer winding temperature and oil temperature. When both main transformer winding temperature and oil temperature are collected simultaneously, the boundary safety margin calculation unit calculates the winding temperature margin and oil temperature margin separately, and takes the smaller value for the main transformer dynamic overload margin calculation; when only one type of temperature data is collected, that temperature data is used for the main transformer dynamic overload margin calculation.

[0024] Within each control cycle, the power transmission and transformation operation data acquisition unit performs time alignment on the operation data. If the same measuring point has multiple sampled values ​​within the same control cycle, the valid sampled value closest to the end of the control cycle is used as the real-time operating value for the current control cycle. If a measuring point does not return valid data within the current control cycle, the measuring point is marked as missing. The control cycle is set by the dispatching system or the station edge controller according to the field control requirements, and the length of the control cycle is matched with the data sampling cycle, resource response time, and communication latency.

[0025] The boundary safety margin calculation unit includes a limit value storage module, a boundary data matching module, and a margin generation module. The limit value storage module stores the following limits: line thermal stability limit, upper limit of bus voltage, lower limit of bus voltage, main transformer load rate limit, allowable temperature of main transformer, reactive power compensation capacity limit, and allowable backfeed power limit of feeders. These limits are derived from equipment nameplate parameters, protection setting sheets, dispatching operation procedures, substation operation setting tables, distributed power grid connection protocols, and operational constraint values ​​entered by maintenance personnel based on these documents; they are not randomly generated experience values ​​by the system. The boundary data matching module establishes boundary data groups according to transmission lines, transformers, buses, feeders, and distributed adjustable resource access points. Each boundary data group includes at least the boundary identifier, boundary type, belonging substation, belonging feeder, adjacent boundaries, real-time operating value, and corresponding limit.

[0026] In this embodiment, the line margin threshold, main transformer margin threshold, voltage margin threshold, reactive power margin threshold, and feeder backfeed margin threshold are all calculated from the operating limits, dispatching operating limits, protection settings, grid connection protocol limits, and maintenance settings in the limit storage module. For the line thermal stability margin, bus voltage margin, main transformer dynamic overload margin, and feeder backfeed margin calculated proportionally, the corresponding margin thresholds are dimensionless values ​​greater than 0 and less than 1. These margin thresholds are used to trigger power distribution control; they do not replace the original protection settings for the line, bus, main transformer, and feeder, nor do they change the operating logic of the protection device.

[0027] To facilitate the description of the comprehensive safety status at the transmission and transformation boundary, this embodiment unifies the line thermal stability margin, bus voltage margin, main transformer dynamic overload margin, reactive power support margin, and feeder reverse power transmission margin into a unified safety margin profile: ; in, Indicates the first The power transmission and transformation boundary is at the first Safety margin profile within a control cycle; Indicates the first Boundary markers for power transmission and transformation boundaries; Indicates the thermal stability margin of the line; Indicates the bus voltage margin; Indicates the dynamic overload margin of the main transformer; Indicates reactive power support margin; This indicates the feeder backfeed margin.

[0028] The line thermal stability margin is determined based on the remaining ratio between the line thermal stability limit and the current line current. The bus voltage margin is determined based on the remaining space between the current bus voltage and the upper and lower limits of the bus voltage, with the side closer to the limit being taken as the bus voltage margin. The main transformer dynamic overload margin is determined by the remaining space between the main transformer load rate and the main transformer temperature and the allowable temperature value, with the smaller value being taken as the main transformer dynamic overload margin. The reactive power support margin is determined based on the ratio between the current available reactive power capacity, available reactive power capacity, or available reactive power absorption capacity and the reactive power compensation capacity limit. The feeder backfeed margin is determined based on the remaining ratio between the allowable feeder backfeed power limit and the current feeder backfeed power. When there is no feeder backfeed, the feeder backfeed power is included in the margin calculation as 0. Through the above processing, the safety margin profile is not a single over-limit judgment result, but a comprehensive constraint state of the same power transmission and transformation boundary in terms of thermal stability, voltage, main transformer load, reactive power support and reverse power transmission.

[0029] The adjustable resource profiling unit includes a resource classification module, an adjustable range determination module, and a response credibility generation module. The resource classification module categorizes distributed adjustable resources into energy storage devices, distributed power inverters, reactive power compensation devices, on-load tap changers, and adjustable loads based on their access points, resource types, rated capacities, and current operating status. Resource types, rated capacities, and access points are derived from resource ledgers, grid connection records, equipment nameplate parameters, and pre-configured data tables on the station edge controller.

[0030] The adjustable range determination module determines the adjustable range for different distributed adjustable resources. For energy storage devices, the adjustable range includes chargeable power and dischargeable power, determined based on the energy storage's state of charge, rated power, charge / discharge limits, and current charge / discharge state. For distributed power inverters, the adjustable range includes the ability to reduce active power, generate reactive power, and absorb reactive power, determined based on current active power output, inverter rated capacity, grid connection voltage, and current reactive power state. For reactive power compensation devices, the adjustable range includes the ability to add and remove reactive power capacity, determined based on the current number of switching groups or the current SVG / SVC output state. For on-load tap changers, the adjustable range includes the ability to increase and decrease tap positions, determined based on the current tap position, highest tap position, lowest tap position, and tap lockout status. For adjustable loads, the adjustable range includes the power that can be reduced and the power that can be increased. This adjustable range is determined based on the load control agreement, the current power consumption, the contracted capacity, and the current response status.

[0031] During the initial control cycle, since the execution results of the previous control cycle have not yet been generated, the historical response deviation uses a preset initial value. The response confidence level is based on a preset initial response confidence level. The coefficient correction factor adopts the preset initial correction factor. The aforementioned , and This data is derived from distributed adjustable resource access debugging records, network connection test records, historical operation evaluation records, and default resource type configurations. When no debugging records or historical operation evaluation records exist, the same configuration is used for the same resource type. and This ensures that resource allocation during the initial control period is not subject to artificial bias due to unknown historical deviations. Using 0 indicates that the resource weight will not be reduced due to historical deviations in the initial control cycle; Using 1 indicates that no additional corrections will be made to the initial control cycle.

[0032] The response credibility generation module generates response credibility based on the instruction reception time, response start time, target adjustment amount, and actual response amount of the same distributed adjustable resource in the previous control cycle. ; in, Indicates the first The distributed adjustable resource in the first... Response reliability within a control cycle; This indicates the accuracy of the response determined by the distributed adjustable resource based on the target adjustment amount and the actual response amount of the previous control cycle; This indicates the degree of compliance of the response time of the distributed adjustable resource based on the instruction reception time, start response time, and allowed response time of the previous control cycle; This indicates that the distributed adjustable resource is in the first... The communication status quantity within each control cycle is set to 1 when communication is normal and 0 when communication is abnormal. , , The preset weighting coefficients satisfy the following conditions: .

[0033] The response accuracy is determined based on the deviation between the target adjustment amount and the actual response amount in the previous control cycle; the smaller the deviation, the higher the response accuracy. The response time compliance is determined based on the time difference between the resource's start response time and the command reception time; a higher response time compliance occurs when the time difference does not exceed the allowed response time. The communication status quantity is determined by the station edge controller within the current control cycle based on the communication connection status, message return status, and data validity. The preset weighting coefficients are derived from resource access debugging records, historical operation evaluation records, and default resource type configurations. Response reliability is used to participate in the generation of adjustment allocation coefficients but does not independently determine whether a resource participates in adjustment.

[0034] In this embodiment, a zero-prevention constant is used when calculating the response accuracy and subsequent response deviation. Regarding the active power response deviation, The minimum effective resolution of the active power acquisition device or the minimum active power adjustment step size set by the system is used; for reactive power response deviation, The minimum effective resolution of the reactive power acquisition device or the minimum reactive power adjustment step size set by the system is adopted. It is only used to avoid division by zero when the target adjustment is 0, and is not used as an independent control parameter.

[0035] The adjustable resource profile includes resource identifier, resource type, access transmission and transformation boundary identifier, adjustable active power, adjustable active power, reactive power generation, reactive power absorption, upgradable level, downgradable level, ramp rate, continuous adjustment time, communication status, response reliability, and historical response deviation. Through this response capability profile, the adaptive power allocation unit can distinguish between the nominally adjustable and actually adjustable nature of resources, avoiding the misallocation of adjustment tasks based solely on rated capacity.

[0036] The adaptive power allocation unit includes a constraint type determination module, an adjustment object screening module, and an allocation coefficient generation module. The constraint type determination module determines the transmission and transformation boundary to be adjusted and its constraint type based on the safety margin profile. When the line thermal stability margin is lower than the line margin threshold, the corresponding transmission and transformation boundary is determined as a line power flow constraint; when the main transformer dynamic overload margin is lower than the main transformer margin threshold, the corresponding transmission and transformation boundary is determined as a main transformer load constraint; when the bus voltage margin is lower than the voltage margin threshold, the corresponding transmission and transformation boundary is determined as a bus voltage constraint; when the reactive power support margin is lower than the reactive power support threshold, the corresponding transmission and transformation boundary is determined as a reactive power support constraint; when the feeder reverse power supply margin is lower than the reverse power supply margin threshold, the corresponding transmission and transformation boundary is determined as a feeder reverse power supply constraint.

[0037] When the same transmission and transformation boundary simultaneously meets the judgment conditions of multiple constraint types, the adaptive power allocation unit generates active power regulation demand, reactive power regulation demand, and voltage regulation demand according to the constraint type. Line power flow constraints and main transformer load constraints prioritize the formation of active power regulation demand; bus voltage constraints and reactive power support constraints prioritize the formation of reactive power regulation demand or voltage regulation demand; feeder backfeed constraints prioritize the formation of active power regulation demand that reduces the active power output of distributed generation sources, increases energy storage charging power, and increases the power consumption of adjustable loads. If the same resource participates in the regulation of multiple constraint types simultaneously, the distributed execution unit limits the range according to the adjustable range of the resource, ensuring that the comprehensive control command of the resource does not exceed its current adjustable capacity.

[0038] The regulation target screening module selects distributed adjustable resources to participate in regulation based on the electrical connection relationship between the boundary of the transmission and transformation to be regulated and the distributed adjustable resources. The electrical connection relationship is determined by the main wiring within the station, feeder topology, switch open / closed status, and resource access point. When the resource access point and the boundary of the transmission and transformation to be regulated are located on the same feeder, the same busbar segment, or form an electrical path through a closed switch, it is determined that the resource has an electrical connection relationship with the boundary of the transmission and transformation to be regulated; when there is a disconnected switch between the resource access point and the boundary of the transmission and transformation to be regulated, or when they are located on different busbar segments and there is no closed connection path, the resource is not considered as a distributed adjustable resource to participate in regulation.

[0039] To avoid misjudging remote resources as valid adjustment targets, this embodiment sets an electrical influence coefficient. Electrical Influence Factor Indicates the first The distributed adjustable resource pair The impact degree of the transmission and transformation boundary is measured in terms of a value ranging from 0 to 1. Without a power flow sensitivity table, if the first... The distributed adjustable resource and the first If multiple transmission and transformation boundaries are located within the same closed power supply path, and the adjustment actions of this resource can change the line power flow, bus voltage, or feeder reverse power of that boundary, then... Take 1; if there is a disconnect switch, different busbar segment isolation, or no closed connection path between the two, then Set to 0. When configuring the power flow sensitivity table, The normalized power flow sensitivity value is used. Therefore, this embodiment can at least determine the electrical influence coefficient through topological connectivity, without relying on the need to solve the entire network power flow model in real time.

[0040] In this embodiment, the normalized values ​​of active power adjustable capacity, reactive power adjustable capacity, adjustable capacity under reverse power supply constraints, ramp rate, and continuous adjustment time, which are involved in the weight calculation, are all normalized within the same set of resources involved in the adjustment. Taking the normalized value of active power adjustable capacity as an example, the first... The ratio of the actual adjustable active capacity of each distributed adjustable resource to the maximum actual adjustable active capacity within the same set of resources participating in active power regulation is used to determine the effective active capacity. The normalized values ​​of reactive power adjustable capacity, adjustable capacity under backfeed constraints, ramp rate, and continuous regulation time all use the same in-set normalization method. Normalization is only used to compare the participation weights of different distributed adjustable resources within the same control cycle and does not change the actual power capacity or actual control upper limit of each distributed adjustable resource. If all actual adjustable capacities within the participating regulation set are 0, no remote regulation command is generated, and local limiting control is executed by the abnormal degradation module.

[0041] For line power flow constraints, main transformer load constraints, bus voltage constraints, reactive power support constraints, and feeder reverse power transmission constraints, the allocation coefficient generation module generates control commands according to unified adjustment weights and adjustment allocation coefficient logic: ; ; in, This indicates the regulation type corresponding to the constraint type, including active power regulation, reactive power regulation, voltage regulation, and reverse power transmission suppression regulation; Indicates the first The distributed adjustable resource in the first... Within the first control cycle, for the first The moderating weight of class-based regulation; Indicates the first The distributed adjustable resource pair The electrical influence coefficient of the transmission and transformation boundary to be regulated; Indicates the first The distributed adjustable resource in the first... Adjustable capacity normalization value under class regulation; Indicates the credibility of the response; Indicates the coefficient correction factor; Indicates the first The distributed adjustable resource in the first... Adjustment allocation coefficient under class-based adjustment; Indicates participation in the A distributed set of adjustable resources that can be regulated by class.

[0042] Under line power flow constraints and main transformer load constraints The power output is determined by the discharge or chargeable power of the energy storage device, the active power reduction capability of the distributed power inverter, and the power reduction capability of the adjustable load; under bus voltage constraints and reactive power support constraints, The reactive power output or absorption capacity of the distributed power inverter, the reactive power capacity input or output capacity of the reactive power compensation device, and the up-taper or down-taper position of the on-load tap changer are determined by these factors; under feeder backfeed constraints... The power consumption is determined by the reduced active power of the distributed power inverter, the rechargeable power of the energy storage device, and the increased power consumption of the adjustable load. When the sum of the adjustment weights of the resource set involved in the adjustment is 0, the adaptive power allocation unit does not generate such remote adjustment commands, and the local limiting control is performed by the station edge controller.

[0043] After determining the adjustment allocation coefficients, the adaptive power allocation unit generates the target adjustment amount based on the adjustment requirements of the transmission and transformation boundary to be adjusted: ; in, Indicates the first The distributed adjustable resource in the first... Within the first control cycle, for the first The target adjustment amount for this type of adjustment; Indicates the first The power transmission and transformation boundary to be regulated is in the first Within the first control cycle, for the first Total regulatory demand for class-based regulation; Indicates the first The distributed adjustable resource in the first... Adjustment allocation coefficient under class regulation.

[0044] In this embodiment, active power regulation, reactive power regulation, and voltage regulation level are all defined with positive directions according to the control command type. Under line power flow constraints and main transformer load constraints, active power regulation that can reduce the boundary power flow or main transformer load of the transmission and transformation system to be regulated is recorded as a positive value; under feeder reverse power supply constraints, the reduction of active power output by distributed power inverters, the increase of charging power by energy storage devices, and the increase of power consumption by adjustable loads are all recorded as positive reverse power supply suppression regulation; in scenarios where the bus voltage is low, the generation of reactive power or the upgrading of voltage level is recorded as positive voltage support regulation; in scenarios where the bus voltage is high, the absorption of reactive power or the downgrading of voltage level is recorded as positive voltage suppression regulation. When calculating the response deviation, the target regulation and the actual response are defined with the same positive direction.

[0045] The distributed execution unit includes a substation edge controller and a resource-side control interface. The substation edge controller communicates with the resource-side control interfaces of energy storage devices, distributed power inverters, reactive power compensation devices, on-load tap changers, and adjustable loads within the same substation or feeder area. After receiving active power adjustment commands, reactive power adjustment commands, and tap change commands generated by the adaptive power distribution unit, the substation edge controller first reads the adjustable range of the corresponding distributed adjustable resources, and then performs amplitude limiting processing on the control commands.

[0046] For active power regulation commands, the station edge controller limits the target active power value to between the upper and lower limits allowed in the current control cycle of the resource. For reactive power regulation commands, the station edge controller limits the target reactive power value to between the upper and lower limits allowed in the current control cycle of the resource. For voltage regulation commands, the station edge controller limits the target voltage regulation level to within the range of the currently allowed operation levels of the on-load tap changer. When the on-load tap changer is in a state of level lockout, operation count lockout, or protection lockout, the station edge controller does not issue a voltage regulation command and reduces the response reliability or coefficient correction factor of the on-load tap changer in the next control cycle.

[0047] The feedback correction unit includes a response deviation calculation module, a coefficient correction module, and an anomaly degradation module. The actual response quantity is determined within the response evaluation window after the control command is issued. The start point of the response evaluation window is the time when the resource-side control interface confirms receipt of the control command, and the end point is the time when the allowed response time for the resource expires. If multiple sampled values ​​exist within the response evaluation window, the last valid sampled value before the end of the response evaluation window is used to calculate the actual response quantity; if no valid sampled value is obtained within the response evaluation window, the resource is marked as having a communication anomaly or missing response within this control cycle, and its actual response quantity is recorded as 0 for participation in the response deviation calculation.

[0048] The feedback correction unit calculates the response deviation based on the difference between the target adjustment and the actual response. For active and reactive power regulation, the response deviation is obtained by dividing the absolute value of the difference between the target adjustment and the actual response by the sum of the absolute value of the target adjustment and the zero-prevention constant. For voltage regulation, the response deviation is determined by the absolute value of the difference between the target voltage regulation level and the actual voltage regulation level. A preset deviation threshold is used to determine the response deviation, and its range corresponds to the calculated response deviation result. For active and reactive power response deviations calculated proportionally, the preset deviation threshold uses a dimensionless value greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1. For voltage regulation response deviation, the preset deviation threshold is represented by the number of voltage regulation levels.

[0049] When the corresponding response deviation is greater than the preset deviation threshold, the coefficient correction module reduces the coefficient correction factor of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource in the next control cycle; when the corresponding response deviation is less than or equal to the preset deviation threshold, the coefficient correction module increases the coefficient correction factor of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource in the next control cycle. ; in, Indicates the first The coefficient correction factor for each distributed adjustable resource in the next control cycle; Indicates the first The coefficient correction factor of each distributed adjustable resource within the current control cycle; Indicates the first The response deviation of a distributed adjustable resource within the current control cycle; Indicates the preset deviation threshold; Indicates the lower limit of the preset coefficient; This indicates the upper limit of the preset coefficient; This indicates a preset reduction step size, satisfying... This represents the preset recovery step size, and is a value greater than 0. Greater than or equal to 0, Greater than Through the above processing, the coefficient correction factor is always limited to... to In between, avoid resources permanently exiting regulation or acquiring allocation weights exceeding their adjustable capacity due to abnormal responses in a single control cycle.

[0050] When the substation edge controller does not receive an allocation command from the superior or obtain a safety margin profile of the adjacent transmission and transformation boundary, the abnormal degradation module generates a local limiting control command based on locally collected line current, bus voltage, main transformer load rate, and feeder backfeed power. When the local line current approaches the line thermal stability limit, the substation edge controller restricts the downstream distributed power source of the local feeder from continuing to increase its output and prioritizes calling local energy storage devices for charging or local adjustable loads to increase their power consumption. When the local bus voltage approaches the upper voltage limit, the substation edge controller prioritizes issuing reactive power absorption commands, distributed power source active power output reduction commands, or voltage reduction commands. When the local bus voltage approaches the lower voltage limit, the substation edge controller prioritizes issuing reactive power commands, energy storage discharge commands, or voltage increase commands. When the local feeder backfeed power approaches the feeder's allowable backfeed power limit, the substation edge controller prioritizes issuing distributed power source active power reduction commands, energy storage charging commands, or adjustable load power consumption increase commands. After the abnormal degradation state is lifted, the station edge controller resumes receiving allocation instructions generated by the adaptive power allocation unit.

[0051] When the control method of this embodiment is executed, a transmission and transformation boundary table and a distributed adjustable resource table are first established. The transmission and transformation boundary table includes at least the boundary identifier, boundary type, substation to which it belongs, feeder to which it belongs, associated line, associated bus, associated main transformer, adjacent boundaries, and corresponding operating limits. The distributed adjustable resource table includes at least the resource identifier, resource type, access point, boundary to which it belongs, rated capacity, control interface, allowable response time, adjustable range parameters, and preset initial response confidence level. Through the transmission and transformation boundary table and the distributed adjustable resource table, a clear correspondence is established between the transmission and transformation boundaries to be adjusted and the distributed adjustable resources participating in the adjustment.

[0052] Within each control cycle, the power transmission and transformation operation data acquisition unit collects operational data from transmission lines, transformers, busbars, feeders, and distributed adjustable resources, and writes the operational data into the corresponding boundary data group according to the measurement point identifier and boundary identifier. The boundary safety margin calculation unit generates a safety margin profile based on the operational data and corresponding limits. The adjustable resource profile unit generates a response capability profile based on the current adjustable capacity, response delay, ramp rate, continuous adjustment time, communication status, and historical response deviation.

[0053] The adaptive power allocation unit determines the transmission and transformation boundary to be regulated and its constraint type based on the safety margin profile. If the transmission and transformation boundary to be regulated is a line power flow constraint or a main transformer load constraint, resources with active power regulation capabilities are selected from energy storage devices, distributed power inverters, and adjustable loads that are electrically connected to the boundary, and active power regulation allocation coefficients are generated. If the transmission and transformation boundary to be regulated is a bus voltage constraint or a reactive power support constraint, resources with reactive power regulation capabilities or voltage regulation capabilities are selected from distributed power inverters, reactive power compensation devices, and on-load tap changers that are electrically connected to the boundary, and reactive power regulation allocation coefficients or voltage regulation allocation coefficients are generated. If the transmission and transformation boundary to be regulated is a feeder backfeed constraint, resources that can reduce active power, chargeable power, or increase power consumption are selected from distributed power inverters, energy storage devices, and adjustable loads downstream of the feeder, and active power regulation allocation coefficients under the backfeed constraint are generated.

[0054] The distributed execution unit sends control commands to the corresponding resource-side control interface through the station edge controller. Upon receiving the active power regulation command, the energy storage device performs charging or discharging; upon receiving the active power regulation command, the distributed power inverter reduces its active power output and adjusts its reactive power output or absorbs reactive power; upon receiving the reactive power regulation command, the reactive power compensation device activates or deactivates its reactive power capacity; upon receiving the on-load tap changer command, the device increases or decreases its voltage level; and upon receiving the active power regulation command, the adjustable load reduces its load or increases its power consumption. Before issuing control commands, the station edge controller performs amplitude limiting processing on each control command to ensure that the control command does not exceed the adjustable range of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource.

[0055] The feedback correction unit collects the actual response after the command is executed and updates the adjustment allocation coefficient of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource in the next control cycle based on the response deviation between the target adjustment and the actual response. If a distributed adjustable resource continuously experiences a response deviation greater than the preset deviation threshold, communication anomalies, or failure to start responding as instructed, its coefficient correction factor decreases, and its weight in subsequent control cycles decreases accordingly. If a distributed adjustable resource responds on time within the control cycle and the response deviation is not greater than the preset deviation threshold, its coefficient correction factor increases according to the preset recovery step size, but does not exceed the preset coefficient upper limit.

[0056] Taking a substation with multiple feeders connected to its low-voltage bus as an example, the substation includes at least one main transformer, with multiple feeders connected to the low-voltage bus. Some feeders are connected to distributed photovoltaic inverters, energy storage devices, reactive power compensation devices, and adjustable loads. When the system detects an increase in the backfeed power of a feeder during the current control cycle, and the backfeed margin of that feeder is lower than the backfeed margin threshold, the constraint type determination module determines the feeder boundary as a feeder backfeed constraint. The regulation object screening module, based on the feeder topology and switch status, selects the distributed photovoltaic inverters, energy storage devices, and adjustable loads downstream of the feeder as distributed adjustable resources to participate in the regulation, excluding other bus segments or resources after disconnecting tie switches from being included in the regulation objects. The allocation coefficient generation module generates active power regulation allocation coefficients under the backfeed constraint based on the reducible active power, rechargeable power, increaseable power consumption, response reliability, and coefficient correction factor of each participating resource, and generates photovoltaic active power reduction instructions, energy storage charging instructions, and adjustable load power consumption increase instructions, respectively. After the control command is executed, the feedback correction unit collects the actual response of each resource. If an adjustable load does not start responding within the allowed response time, the coefficient correction factor of the adjustable load in the next control cycle will be reduced. If the energy storage device completes the charging power adjustment on time, the coefficient correction factor of the energy storage device in the next control cycle will be increased according to the preset recovery step size.

[0057] Taking a scenario with high bus voltage as an example, when the system detects that a bus voltage is close to its upper limit and the bus voltage margin is lower than the voltage margin threshold, the constraint type determination module classifies the bus boundary as a bus voltage constraint. The adjustment object screening module filters distributed power inverters, reactive power compensation devices, and on-load tap changers that have an electrical connection to the bus and possess the capability to absorb reactive power. The allocation coefficient generation module generates reactive power adjustment allocation coefficients or voltage regulation allocation coefficients based on the absorbable reactive power, the downgradable position, response reliability, and coefficient correction factors. The distributed execution unit issues reactive power absorption commands or downgrading voltage regulation commands. If the on-load tap changer is in a locked state, no voltage regulation command is issued to it, and the coefficient correction factor of the on-load tap changer is reduced in the next control cycle.

[0058] Taking the scenario of increased main transformer load as an example again. When the main transformer load rate approaches the main transformer load rate limit, and the main transformer winding temperature or oil temperature approaches the main transformer's allowable temperature value, the boundary safety margin calculation unit calculates a reduction in the main transformer's dynamic overload margin. The constraint type determination module determines the corresponding main transformer boundary as a main transformer load constraint. The adjustment object screening module screens energy storage devices, distributed power inverters, and adjustable loads with active power regulation capabilities within the low-voltage side power supply area of ​​the main transformer. The allocation coefficient generation module generates active power regulation allocation coefficients based on the active power adjustable capacity, ramp rate, continuous adjustment time, response reliability, and coefficient correction factor of each participating resource. For adjustable loads with large response delays or large execution deviations in the previous control cycle, even if their nominal power reduction is large, they will obtain lower regulation allocation coefficients due to lower response reliability or coefficient correction factors.

[0059] In this embodiment, the safety margin profile is not a single device operating parameter, nor a single voltage deviation, a single energy storage state of charge, or a single reactive power optimization target. Instead, it associates the line thermal stability margin, bus voltage margin, main transformer dynamic overload margin, reactive power support margin, and feeder backfeed margin according to the transmission and transformation boundary identifier. The response capability profile also does not only record the rated capacity of resources, but simultaneously records the current adjustable capacity, response delay, ramp rate, continuous adjustment time, communication status, historical response deviation, and response reliability. The adaptive power allocation unit uses the safety margin profile, response capability profile, electrical influence coefficient, and feedback correction factor simultaneously when determining the adjustment allocation coefficient. Therefore, the control logic of this embodiment differs from energy storage power allocation based solely on the energy storage state of charge, power equalization based solely on rated capacity, inverter control based solely on droop characteristics, and transmission and distribution reactive power control aimed solely at reactive power optimization.

[0060] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A distributed power transmission and transformation control system based on adaptive power allocation, characterized in that, include: The power transmission and transformation operation data acquisition unit, boundary safety margin calculation unit, adjustable resource profiling unit, adaptive power allocation unit, distributed execution unit, and feedback correction unit are characterized by: The power transmission and transformation operation data acquisition unit is used to collect operation data of transmission lines, transformers, busbars, feeders and distributed adjustable resources. The operation data includes at least line current, busbar voltage, line active power, line reactive power, main transformer load rate, main transformer temperature, feeder backfeed power, reactive power compensation capacity, energy storage state of charge, inverter adjustable capacity and adjustable load response status. The main transformer temperature includes one or more of the main transformer winding temperature and oil temperature. The boundary safety margin calculation unit is used to calculate the line thermal stability margin, bus voltage margin, main transformer dynamic overload margin, reactive power support margin and feeder reverse power supply margin according to the operating data, and generate the corresponding safety margin profile of the transmission and transformation boundary. The adjustable resource profiling unit is used to generate a profiling of the response capability of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource based on the current adjustable capacity, response latency, ramp rate, continuous adjustment time, communication status and historical response deviation of the distributed adjustable resource. The historical response deviation is the difference between the target adjustment amount and the actual response amount in the previous control cycle, and the historical response deviation in the initial control cycle adopts a preset initial value. The adaptive power allocation unit is used to determine the transmission and transformation boundary to be regulated and its constraint type based on the safety margin profile, and to determine the adjustment allocation coefficient of the distributed adjustable resources participating in the regulation based on the constraint type, response capability profile and historical response deviation, and to generate one or more of the active power regulation command, reactive power regulation command and voltage regulation command according to the adjustment allocation coefficient. The distributed execution unit is used to send active power regulation commands to one or more of the corresponding energy storage devices, distributed power inverters and adjustable loads, to one or more of the corresponding distributed power inverters and reactive power compensation devices, and to send voltage regulation commands to the corresponding on-load voltage regulating devices. The feedback correction unit is used to obtain the actual response of the distributed adjustable resource after executing the corresponding control command, and to correct the adjustment allocation coefficient of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource in the next control cycle based on the response deviation between the actual response and the target adjustment.

2. The distributed power transmission and transformation control system based on adaptive power allocation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The boundary safety margin calculation unit includes a limit value storage module, a boundary data matching module, and a margin generation module; The limit storage module stores the line thermal stability limit, the upper limit of the bus voltage, the lower limit of the bus voltage, the main transformer load rate limit, the main transformer allowable temperature value, the reactive power compensation capacity limit, and the feeder allowable reverse power limit. The boundary data matching module establishes boundary data groups according to transmission lines, transformers, busbars, feeders, and distributed adjustable resource access points; The margin generation module determines the margin value based on the distance between the real-time operating value and the corresponding limit value in the boundary data group, and associates the margin value with the boundary identifier of the corresponding transmission and transformation boundary to form a safety margin profile.

3. The distributed power transmission and transformation control system based on adaptive power allocation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjustable resource profiling unit includes a resource classification module, an adjustable range determination module, and a response credibility generation module; The resource classification module categorizes distributed adjustable resources into energy storage devices, distributed power inverters, reactive power compensation devices, on-load tap changers, and adjustable loads based on their access points, resource types, rated capacity, and current operating status. The adjustable range determination module determines the rechargeable and dischargeable power of the energy storage device, the active power that can be reduced and the reactive power that can be adjusted of the distributed power inverter, the reactive capacity that can be put into and the reactive capacity that can be taken out of the reactive compensation device, the up-shift and down-shift positions of the on-load tap changer, and the power that can be reduced and the power that can be increased of the adjustable load. The response credibility generation module generates response credibility based on the instruction reception time, response start time, target adjustment amount, and actual response amount of the same distributed adjustable resource in the previous control cycle, and writes the response credibility into the response capability profile. The response credibility of the initial control cycle adopts the preset initial response credibility.

4. The distributed power transmission and transformation control system based on adaptive power allocation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adaptive power allocation unit includes a constraint type determination module and an adjustment object screening module; The constraint type determination module determines the transmission and transformation boundary in the safety margin profile as a line power flow constraint when the line thermal stability margin is lower than the line margin threshold, the transmission and transformation boundary as a main transformer load constraint when the main transformer dynamic overload margin is lower than the main transformer margin threshold, the transmission and transformation boundary as a bus voltage constraint when the bus voltage margin is lower than the voltage margin threshold, the transmission and transformation boundary as a reactive power support constraint when the reactive power support margin is lower than the reactive power support threshold, and the transmission and transformation boundary as a feeder reverse power supply constraint when the feeder reverse power supply margin is lower than the reverse power supply margin threshold. The adjustment object screening module selects distributed adjustable resources to participate in the adjustment from those that have an electrical connection with the boundary of the power transmission and transformation to be adjusted, based on the constraint type.

5. The distributed power transmission and transformation control system based on adaptive power allocation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The adaptive power allocation unit also includes an allocation coefficient generation module; Under line power flow constraints or main transformer load constraints, the allocation coefficient generation module generates active power adjustment allocation coefficients based on the adjustable active power, adjustable active power, ramp rate, continuous adjustment time and response reliability of the distributed adjustable resources involved in the adjustment. Under bus voltage constraints or reactive power support constraints, the allocation coefficient generation module generates reactive power regulation allocation coefficients or voltage regulation allocation coefficients based on the reactive power that can be generated, reactive power that can be absorbed, up-level position, down-level position and response reliability of the distributed adjustable resources involved in the regulation. Under the feeder backfeed constraint, the allocation coefficient generation module generates the active power adjustment allocation coefficient under the backfeed constraint based on the reduced active power of the distributed power inverter, the rechargeable power of the energy storage device, the increased power consumption of the adjustable load, and the response reliability.

6. The distributed power transmission and transformation control system based on adaptive power allocation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The distributed execution unit includes a site edge controller and a resource-side control interface; The station edge controller communicates with the resource-side control interface of energy storage devices, distributed power inverters, reactive power compensation devices, on-load tap changers and adjustable loads in the same substation or feeder area. The station edge controller receives active power adjustment commands, reactive power adjustment commands, and voltage regulation commands generated by the adaptive power allocation unit. After performing amplitude limiting processing on the active power adjustment commands, reactive power adjustment commands, and voltage regulation commands according to the adjustable range of the corresponding distributed adjustable resources, the commands are sent to the corresponding resource-side control interface.

7. The distributed power transmission and transformation control system based on adaptive power allocation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The feedback correction unit includes a response deviation calculation module, a coefficient correction module, and an anomaly degradation module; The response deviation calculation module calculates the active response deviation between the target active power regulation and the actual active power response, the reactive power response deviation between the target reactive power regulation and the actual reactive power response, and the voltage regulation response deviation between the target voltage regulation level and the actual voltage regulation level for the same distributed adjustable resource within the same control cycle. When the corresponding response deviation is greater than the preset deviation threshold, the coefficient correction module reduces the adjustment allocation coefficient of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource in the next control cycle. When the corresponding response deviation is less than or equal to the preset deviation threshold, the adjustment allocation coefficient of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource in the next control cycle is increased according to the preset recovery step size, and the increased adjustment allocation coefficient does not exceed the preset coefficient upper limit. When the substation edge controller does not receive the upper-level allocation instruction or obtain the safety margin profile of the adjacent power transmission and transformation boundary, the abnormal degradation module generates a local limiting control instruction based on the locally collected line current, bus voltage, main transformer load rate and feeder reverse power.

8. A distributed power transmission and transformation control method based on adaptive power allocation, applicable to the distributed power transmission and transformation control system based on adaptive power allocation as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Collect operational data of transmission lines, transformers, busbars, feeders and distributed adjustable resources. The operational data shall include at least line current, busbar voltage, line active power, line reactive power, main transformer load rate, main transformer temperature, feeder backfeed power, reactive power compensation capacity, energy storage state of charge, inverter adjustable capacity and adjustable load response status. The main transformer temperature shall include one or more of the following: main transformer winding temperature and oil temperature. S2: Calculate the line thermal stability margin, bus voltage margin, main transformer dynamic overload margin, reactive power support margin, and feeder reverse power supply margin based on the operating data, and generate a safety margin profile for the corresponding transmission and transformation boundary. S3: Generate a response capability profile of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource based on the current adjustable capacity, response latency, ramp rate, continuous adjustment time, communication status, and historical response deviation of the distributed adjustable resource; wherein, the historical response deviation is the difference between the target adjustment amount and the actual response amount in the previous control cycle, and the historical response deviation in the initial control cycle adopts a preset initial value. S4: Determine the transmission and transformation boundary to be regulated and its constraint type based on the safety margin profile. The constraint types include line power flow constraints, main transformer load constraints, bus voltage constraints, reactive power support constraints, and feeder reverse power supply constraints. S5: Based on the constraint type, response capability profile, and historical response deviation, determine the adjustment allocation coefficient of the distributed adjustable resources participating in the adjustment, and generate one or more of the corresponding active power adjustment command, reactive power adjustment command, and voltage adjustment command according to the adjustment allocation coefficient. S6: Send active power regulation commands to one or more of the corresponding energy storage devices, distributed power inverters and adjustable loads; send reactive power regulation commands to one or more of the corresponding distributed power inverters and reactive power compensation devices; send voltage regulation commands to the corresponding on-load voltage regulating devices. S7: Collect the actual response amount after each distributed adjustable resource is executed, and adjust the adjustment allocation coefficient of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource in the next control cycle according to the response deviation between the actual response amount and the target adjustment amount.

9. The distributed power transmission and transformation control method based on adaptive power allocation according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S2, generating a safety margin profile for the corresponding power transmission and transformation boundary includes: comparing the collected line current with the line thermal stability limit to obtain the line thermal stability margin. The bus voltage margin is obtained by comparing it with the upper limit and lower limit of the bus voltage, respectively. The transformer load rate is compared with the transformer load rate limit, and the transformer temperature is compared with the transformer allowable temperature value to obtain the transformer dynamic overload margin. The reactive power support margin is obtained by comparing the current reactive power compensation capacity with the reactive power compensation capacity limit. The feeder backfeed margin is obtained by comparing the feeder backfeed power with the feeder's allowable backfeed power limit. The thermal stability margin of the line, the voltage margin of the bus, the dynamic overload margin of the main transformer, the reactive power support margin, and the feeder reverse power transmission margin are associated and stored with the boundary identifiers of the corresponding transmission and transformation boundaries.

10. The distributed power transmission and transformation control method based on adaptive power allocation according to claim 9, characterized in that, In steps S5 to S7, determining and correcting the adjustment allocation coefficients of the distributed adjustable resources participating in the adjustment includes: determining the distributed adjustable resources participating in the adjustment from those that have an electrical connection with the transmission and transformation boundary to be adjusted, based on the constraint type of the boundary to be adjusted. The initial adjustment allocation coefficients are generated based on the current adjustable capacity, response latency, ramp rate, continuous adjustment time, communication status, and historical response deviation of the distributed adjustable resources involved in the adjustment. Generate one or more of the following commands based on the initial adjustment allocation coefficients: active power regulation command, reactive power regulation command, and voltage regulation command; After execution, the actual response of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource is collected, and the adjustment allocation coefficient of the corresponding distributed adjustable resource in the next control cycle is updated according to the response deviation between the actual response and the target adjustment.

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