Battery charging circuit and battery

Abstract

The application discloses a battery charging circuit and a battery. Thus, the battery charging circuit comprises a flyback switching power supply subcircuit and a charging subcircuit; the flyback switching power supply subcircuit is configured to convert an input voltage into one or more output voltages; the charging subcircuit comprises one or more charging subcircuits, each of which is connected to one or more single batteries, and the charging subcircuit is configured to charge the one or more single batteries based on one of the one or more output voltages; and charging of the single battery is stopped when the voltage of the single battery reaches a charging cutoff voltage. In this way, multiple loops can work synchronously, and multiple batteries can complete charging and balancing at the same time. Compared with a balancing mode relying on resistance to consume electric energy, each of the charging subcircuits of the embodiment of the application has voltage judgment and automatic power-off capability, and when the voltage of the battery reaches a preset charging cutoff voltage, the charging loop can be automatically cut off, thereby guaranteeing the safety of the battery in use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery charging circuit and a battery. Background Technology

[0002] In series-connected battery packs, individual cells are prone to voltage imbalances during charging and discharging due to differences in manufacturing processes, operating environments, and electrochemical characteristics. Prolonged operation in an unbalanced state not only reduces the overall capacity and lifespan of the battery pack but may also lead to safety hazards due to overcharging or over-discharging of individual cells. Related technologies typically employ passive or active balancing methods to equalize individual cells. Passive balancing uses energy-dissipating resistors to discharge cells with higher voltages; active balancing transfers energy from cells with higher charge levels to those with lower charge levels, achieving energy redistribution. However, passive balancing suffers from high energy loss, low balancing efficiency, and significant heat generation; active charging circuits are complex, with numerous components, cumbersome control logic, high cost, and insufficient system stability. To address these issues, a simple, energy-efficient battery balancing charging circuit capable of independent and precise multi-channel control is urgently needed to improve the balancing effect and operational reliability of the battery pack. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a battery charging circuit and a battery.

[0004] This application provides a battery charging circuit. 1. A battery charging circuit, characterized in that the battery charging circuit includes a flyback switching power supply sub-circuit and a charging sub-circuit; The flyback switching power supply sub-circuit is configured to convert the input voltage into one or more output voltages. The charging sub-circuit includes one or more charging sub-circuits, each of which is connected to one or more individual batteries. The charging sub-circuit is configured to: The one or more individual battery cells are charged based on one of the one or more output voltages. When the voltage of the individual battery reaches the charging cutoff voltage, charging of the individual battery is stopped.

[0005] Thus, the battery charging circuit includes a flyback switching power supply sub-circuit and a charging sub-circuit. The flyback switching power supply sub-circuit is configured to convert the input voltage into one or more output voltages. The charging sub-circuit includes one or more charging sub-circuits, each connected to one or more individual batteries. The charging sub-circuit is configured to charge one or more individual batteries based on one of the one or more output voltages. Charging of an individual battery stops when its voltage reaches the charging cutoff voltage. In this way, the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit can flexibly output one or more independent voltages according to the number of batteries. Each output corresponds to an independent charging sub-circuit. The charging circuits are electrically isolated from each other and do not interfere with each other. The circuit can charge each individual battery cell in the battery pack independently, specifically replenishing cells with low voltage, quickly correcting voltage differences within the battery pack, continuously maintaining voltage consistency across the entire battery pack, and allowing multiple circuits to work synchronously, enabling multiple batteries to complete charging and equalization simultaneously. Compared to methods that rely on resistors to consume electrical energy for balancing, the simultaneous operation of one or more charging sub-circuits in this application can improve charging balancing efficiency. At the same time, each charging sub-circuit has voltage judgment and automatic power-off capabilities. When the voltage of a single battery cell reaches the preset charging cut-off voltage, the charging circuit can be automatically cut off, accurately achieving full charge protection, preventing battery overcharging, and stably maintaining the battery within the rated voltage range, further ensuring battery safety.

[0006] In some embodiments, the flyback power supply subcircuit further includes a power control chip configured to generate drive signals to control the operation of the flyback power supply subcircuit.

[0007] Thus, the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit also includes a power control chip, which is configured to generate drive signals to control the operation of the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit. In this way, the power control chip can output precisely timed drive signals, ensuring that the switching action of the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit is regular and orderly, guaranteeing the consistency of multiple output voltages, improving the stability of power supply operation, and further ensuring that the power supply conditions of each charging sub-circuit are uniform, thus ensuring balanced charging of individual batteries.

[0008] In some embodiments, the flyback switching power supply subcircuit includes a primary winding subcircuit; The primary winding sub-circuit is configured to convert the received input voltage and output the multiple output voltages.

[0009] Thus, the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit includes a primary winding sub-circuit; the primary winding sub-circuit is configured to convert the received input voltage and output multiple output voltages. In this way, the primary winding sub-circuit can isolate voltage spikes and electromagnetic noise from the input voltage source, preventing interference signals from entering the charging circuit and control chip, improving electrical safety and anti-interference capability, while ensuring the consistency and independence of one or more output voltages to synchronize the charging rhythm of individual batteries and improve the battery pack balancing effect.

[0010] In some embodiments, the primary winding subcircuit includes a first switching circuit and a transformer winding; The first switching circuit connects the power control chip and the transformer winding; The power control chip is configured to output a drive signal to the first switching circuit to control the operation of the first switching circuit. The first switching circuit is configured to control the stored energy or released energy of the transformer winding according to the received drive signal; The transformer windings are configured as follows: When the first switching circuit is turned on, the transformer winding stores electrical energy based on the input voltage; When the first switching circuit is turned off, the transformer winding releases the electrical energy to the charging sub-circuit to output one or more output voltages to the charging sub-circuit.

[0011] Thus, the primary winding sub-circuit includes a first switching circuit and a transformer winding; the first switching circuit connects the power control chip and the transformer winding; the power control chip is configured to output a drive signal to the first switching circuit to control its operation; the first switching circuit is configured to control the energy stored or released by the transformer winding according to the received drive signal; the transformer winding is configured to store electrical energy based on the input voltage when the first switching circuit is on; and to release electrical energy to the charging sub-circuit when the first switching circuit is off, so as to output one or more output voltages to the charging sub-circuit. In this way, by precisely matching the on and off timing of the first switching circuit based on the drive signal of the power control chip, energy conversion efficiency can be improved, while ensuring the stability of the output voltage and guaranteeing precise controllability of the charging voltage of the charging sub-circuit, thus reducing the risk of overcharging or undercharging to a certain extent.

[0012] In some embodiments, the transformer winding includes a primary winding and a secondary winding, and the primary winding and the secondary winding are magnetically coupled. The primary winding is configured as follows: When the first switching circuit is turned on, the primary winding stores the electrical energy based on the input voltage; When the first switching circuit is turned off, the primary winding releases electrical energy to the secondary winding; The secondary winding is configured as follows: In response to changes in the magnetic field of the primary winding, an induced electromotive force is generated to output one or more output voltages to the charging electronic circuit based on the induced electromotive force.

[0013] Thus, the transformer windings include a primary winding and a secondary winding, which are magnetically coupled. The primary winding is configured to store electrical energy based on the input voltage when the first switching circuit is on, and to release electrical energy to the secondary winding when the first switching circuit is off. The secondary winding is configured to generate an induced electromotive force in response to changes in the magnetic field of the primary winding, and to output one or more output voltages to the charging sub-circuit based on the induced electromotive force. In this way, the charging sub-circuit obtains the output voltage through the magnetically coupled primary and secondary windings, which can maintain electrical isolation between the voltage input side and the charging side, thereby protecting the individual battery cells that need to be charged. At the same time, the multiple secondary windings are independent of each other, and the output voltages do not interfere with each other. When a single battery experiences voltage abnormalities or load fluctuations, it will not affect the operation of other charging circuits. Furthermore, by adjusting the turns ratio of the primary and secondary windings, the output voltage can be precisely adjusted to match different types and nominal voltages of individual batteries.

[0014] In some embodiments, the primary winding sub-circuit further includes a first rectifier circuit and / or a first filter circuit; The first rectifier circuit is configured to rectify the input voltage and input it to the transformer winding; The first filter circuit is configured to filter the input voltage and input it to the transformer winding; The transformer winding converts the voltage processed by the first rectifier circuit and / or the first filter circuit to output the multiple output voltages.

[0015] Thus, the primary winding sub-circuit also includes a first rectifier circuit and / or a first filter circuit; the first rectifier circuit is configured to rectify the input voltage and input it to the transformer winding; the first filter circuit is configured to filter the input voltage and input it to the transformer winding; the transformer winding converts the voltage processed by the first rectifier circuit and / or the first filter circuit to output multiple output voltages. In this way, the first rectifier circuit can complete the conversion from AC to DC, enabling the access of wide voltage and multiple types of input power sources, expanding the application scenarios of the circuit; the first filter circuit can unify the voltage flow and filter out noise and spikes, protecting subsequent power devices such as the first switching circuit and the transformer winding, thereby stabilizing the output voltage and improving the accuracy of charging control to a certain extent.

[0016] In some embodiments, the first rectifier circuit includes a rectifier bridge, and the first filter circuit includes a first filter capacitor. The first end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the first end of the input voltage source, the second end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the second end of the input voltage source, the third end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the first end of the first filter capacitor and the first end of the transformer winding, and the fourth end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the second end of the first filter capacitor. The first terminal of the first filter capacitor is connected to the third terminal of the input voltage source, and the second terminal of the first filter capacitor is grounded.

[0017] Thus, the first rectifier circuit includes a rectifier bridge, and the first filter circuit includes a first filter capacitor. The first terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the first terminal of the input voltage source, the second terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the second terminal of the input voltage source, the third terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the first terminal of the first filter capacitor and the first terminal of the transformer winding, and the fourth terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the second terminal of the first filter capacitor. The first terminal of the first filter capacitor is connected to the third terminal of the input voltage source, and the second terminal of the first filter capacitor is grounded. In this way, by connecting the input voltage of the voltage source through the rectifier bridge and the first filter capacitor, the rectification effect can be improved, and the voltage waveform can be effectively smoothed, protecting the first switching circuit and the transformer winding, ensuring that the output voltage remains stable, and thus guaranteeing charging and balancing accuracy to a certain extent.

[0018] In some embodiments, the primary winding subcircuit further includes an absorption circuit configured to absorb leakage inductance spike energy when the first switching circuit is turned off.

[0019] Thus, the primary winding sub-circuit also includes an absorption circuit, which is configured to absorb leakage inductance spike energy when the first switching circuit is turned off. In this way, the absorption circuit can promptly dissipate high-voltage spikes caused by leakage inductance, protect the first switching circuit, improve the reliability of the primary winding sub-circuit, and thus ensure the subsequent balanced charging effect.

[0020] In some embodiments, the absorption circuit includes an absorption resistor, an absorption capacitor, and an absorption diode. The anode of the absorption diode is connected to the output terminal of the first rectifier circuit and / or the first filter circuit and the first terminal of the transformer winding. The cathode of the absorption diode is connected to the first terminal of the absorption resistor and the first terminal of the absorption capacitor. The second terminal of the absorption resistor is connected to the second terminal of the absorption capacitor, the second terminal of the transformer winding, and the first terminal of the first switching circuit.

[0021] Thus, the absorption circuit includes an absorption resistor, an absorption capacitor, and an absorption diode. The positive terminal of the absorption diode is connected to the output terminal of the first rectifier circuit and / or the first filter circuit, as well as the first terminal of the transformer winding. The negative terminal of the absorption diode is connected to the first terminal of the absorption resistor and the first terminal of the absorption capacitor. The second terminal of the absorption resistor is connected to the second terminal of the absorption capacitor, the second terminal of the transformer winding, and the first terminal of the first switching circuit. In this way, relying on the unidirectional conduction characteristic of the absorption diode, the energy storage characteristic of the absorption capacitor, and the energy dissipation characteristic of the absorption resistor working together, the leakage inductance spike energy can be quickly captured at the moment the first switching circuit is turned off, and the energy absorption and release can be smoothly completed. This precisely clamps the voltage, eliminates high-voltage spikes and circuit oscillations, and achieves reliable protection, making the voltage input of the transformer winding purer and further optimizing the overall electromagnetic environment of the power supply.

[0022] In some embodiments, the flyback switching power supply subcircuit further includes an auxiliary winding subcircuit, which includes an auxiliary winding, a power supply circuit, and a feedback subcircuit. The auxiliary winding is magnetically coupled to the primary winding sub-circuit, and the auxiliary winding is configured to generate an induced electromotive force in response to changes in the magnetic field of the primary winding sub-circuit. The power supply circuit is configured to output a startup power supply voltage to the power control chip based on the input voltage, so as to start the power control chip; The feedback sub-circuit is configured as follows: After the power control chip is started, the power supply voltage is output to the power control chip based on the induced electromotive force; Based on the induced voltage, the feedback voltage is output to the power control chip to adjust the operating state of the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit.

[0023] Thus, the flyback switching power supply subcircuit also includes an auxiliary winding subcircuit, which comprises an auxiliary winding, a power supply circuit, and a feedback subcircuit. The auxiliary winding is magnetically coupled to the primary winding subcircuit and is configured to generate an induced electromotive force in response to changes in the magnetic field of the primary winding subcircuit. The power supply circuit is configured to output a startup power supply voltage to the power control chip based on the input voltage to start the power control chip. The feedback subcircuit is configured to output a power supply voltage to the power control chip based on the induced electromotive force after the power control chip starts up, and to output a feedback voltage to the power control chip based on the induced voltage to adjust the operating state of the flyback switching power supply subcircuit. In this way, the auxiliary winding, power supply circuit, and feedback subcircuit optimize the startup logic of the power control chip, avoid damage to the power control chip caused by the inrush current and voltage fluctuations at power-on, improve startup reliability, and eliminate the need for additional components such as external auxiliary power supplies and optocoupler isolation feedback, reducing hardware costs and size. It also improves voltage regulation accuracy to a certain extent and ensures the stability and reliability of the secondary winding output voltage.

[0024] In some embodiments, the power supply circuit includes at least a second switching circuit, which is connected to the input voltage source and the power control chip; The second switching circuit is configured to output the startup supply voltage to the power control chip based on the input voltage, so as to start the power control chip; The power control chip is configured to send a cutoff signal to the second switching circuit upon receiving the supply voltage. The second switching circuit is also configured to stop outputting the startup power supply voltage to the power control chip in response to the cutoff signal sent by the power control chip.

[0025] Thus, the power supply circuit includes at least a second switching circuit, which connects the input voltage source and the power control chip. The second switching circuit is configured to output a startup supply voltage to the power control chip based on the input voltage, thereby starting the power control chip. The power control chip is configured to send a cutoff signal to the second switching circuit upon receiving the supply voltage. The second switching circuit is also configured to stop outputting the startup supply voltage to the power control chip in response to the cutoff signal sent by the power control chip. In this way, the second switching circuit enables time-sharing operation of the power supply circuit and the feedback sub-circuit, isolating them and preventing current backflow and circulating current phenomena. This improves power energy conversion efficiency, voltage sampling, and voltage regulation, while also isolating external interference to ensure accurate energy conversion timing of the primary winding and transformer, thereby ensuring charging control accuracy.

[0026] In some embodiments, the charging sub-circuit includes a voltage sampling unit, a control comparison module, and a third switching circuit; The voltage sampling unit is configured to collect the voltage of the individual battery cell; The control comparison module is configured to compare the voltage of the individual battery cell with the charging cut-off voltage and output control commands. The third switching circuit is configured as follows: Based on the output voltage, the one or more individual battery cells are charged; Upon receiving the control command, the charging circuit containing the battery is turned on or off to continue or stop charging the one or more individual batteries.

[0027] Thus, the charging sub-circuit includes a voltage sampling unit, a control comparison module, and a third switching circuit. The voltage sampling unit is configured to collect the voltage of a single battery cell; the control comparison module is configured to compare the voltage of a single battery cell with the charging cutoff voltage and output a control command; the third switching circuit is configured to charge one or more single batteries cell by means of the output voltage; upon receiving a control command, it turns on or off the charging circuit containing the battery to continue or stop charging one or more single batteries cell by means of the battery cell. This division of the charging sub-circuit into a voltage sampling unit, a control comparison module, and a third switching circuit ensures that the voltage sampling results of the voltage sampling unit accurately represent the battery state, ensuring accurate voltage threshold judgment by the control comparison module, and thus preventing control errors caused by sampling distortion. Simultaneously, each charging sub-circuit is independent of the others; the start / stop of charging and voltage changes of a single battery cell do not affect other circuits. Each single battery cell can be independently charged to the standard full charge voltage, which can quickly correct voltage differences within the battery pack, improving equalization efficiency and stability.

[0028] In some embodiments, the charging sub-circuit further includes a second rectifier circuit and / or a second filter circuit; The second rectifier circuit is configured to rectify the output voltage so that the rectified output voltage can be used to charge the one or more individual cells through the third switching circuit. The second filter circuit is configured to filter the output voltage so that the filtered output voltage can be used to charge the one or more individual batteries through the third switching circuit.

[0029] Thus, the charging sub-circuit also includes a second rectifier circuit and / or a second filter circuit; the second rectifier circuit is configured to rectify the output voltage so that the rectified output voltage can be used to charge one or more individual cells through a third switching circuit; the second filter circuit is configured to filter the output voltage so that the filtered output voltage can be used to charge one or more individual cells through the third switching circuit. In this way, the second rectifier circuit and the second filter circuit can eliminate pulse voltage and current fluctuations in the input voltage, reduce battery polarization and abnormal heat generation during charging, protect individual cells, and improve the control accuracy and reliability of charging start / stop.

[0030] In some embodiments, the second rectifier circuit includes a rectifier diode, and the second filter circuit includes a second filter capacitor.

[0031] Thus, the second rectifier circuit includes a rectifier diode, and the second filter circuit includes a second filter capacitor. In this way, pulse voltage rectification is achieved by utilizing the unidirectional conductivity of the rectifier diode, while the voltage waveform is smoothed by utilizing the energy storage characteristics of the second filter capacitor. Therefore, rectification and filtering functions can be achieved with a simple hardware structure, simplifying the charging circuit and reducing hardware costs while ensuring waveform processing performance.

[0032] In some embodiments, the voltage sampling circuit includes a voltage divider resistor network, the voltage divider resistor network including a first voltage divider resistor and a second voltage divider resistor connected in series with the first voltage divider resistor; The voltage divider resistor network is configured to perform voltage division processing on the collected voltage of the single cell based on the first voltage divider resistor and the second voltage divider resistor, determine the voltage sampling signal, and transmit the voltage sampling signal to the control comparison module; The control comparison module is configured to determine whether the voltage of the single cell has reached the charging cutoff voltage based on the voltage sampling signal and the reference voltage, and output the control command, wherein the resistance values ​​of the first voltage divider resistor and the second voltage divider resistor are determined based on the reference voltage and the charging cutoff voltage.

[0033] Thus, the voltage sampling circuit includes a voltage divider resistor network, which comprises a first voltage divider resistor and a second voltage divider resistor connected in series with the first voltage divider resistor. The voltage divider resistor network is configured to perform voltage division processing on the collected voltage of the individual battery cell based on the first and second voltage divider resistors, determine the voltage sampling signal, and transmit the voltage sampling signal to the control comparison module. The control comparison module is configured to determine whether the voltage of the individual battery cell has reached the charging cutoff voltage based on the voltage sampling signal and a reference voltage, and output a control command accordingly. The resistance values ​​of the first and second voltage divider resistors are determined based on the reference voltage and the charging cutoff voltage. In this way, the high voltage of the battery is converted into a low-voltage signal that the control comparison module can withstand through the first and second voltage divider resistors, protecting the control comparison module and improving the accuracy and precision of voltage sampling, ensuring that the battery always operates within its rated voltage range.

[0034] In some embodiments, the charging sub-circuit further includes a pull-up resistor connected to a first terminal of the first voltage divider resistor and a first terminal of the battery.

[0035] Thus, the charging sub-circuit also includes a pull-up resistor, which is connected to the first terminal of the first voltage divider resistor and the first terminal of the battery. In this way, the pull-up resistor provides a fixed potential to the sampling input terminal and reduces the impact of electromagnetic noise and line interference on the sampling signal. This prevents the control comparison module from making incorrect judgments, ensures the reliability of the charging start / stop logic, and improves the charging control accuracy to a certain extent.

[0036] In some implementations, the control comparison module includes a reference source; The reference source is configured as follows: Compare the voltage sampling signal with the reference voltage; If the voltage sampling signal is less than the reference voltage, it is determined that the battery voltage is less than the charging cut-off voltage, the reference source is controlled to be turned off, and a first control command is output. If the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to the reference voltage, it is determined that the battery voltage is greater than or equal to the charging cut-off voltage, the reference source is controlled to be turned on, and a second control command is output.

[0037] Thus, the control comparison module includes a reference source; the reference source is configured to compare a voltage sampling signal and a reference voltage; when the voltage sampling signal is less than the reference voltage, it is determined that the battery voltage is less than the charging cut-off voltage, the reference source is controlled to turn off, and a first control command is output; when the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to the reference voltage, it is determined that the battery voltage is greater than or equal to the charging cut-off voltage, the reference source is controlled to turn on, and a second control command is output. In this way, by determining that the battery voltage is less than the charging cut-off voltage based on the reference voltage of the reference source, the signal response is rapid, and the circuit switching can be completed instantaneously when the battery voltage reaches the threshold, which can improve the voltage judgment accuracy, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of charging protection.

[0038] In some embodiments, the collector of the third switching circuit is connected to the second terminal of the battery; The third switching circuit is configured in at least one of the following ways: Upon receiving a first control command from the control comparison module, the third switch circuit is turned on, and the battery is charged through the third switch circuit. Upon receiving a second control command from the control comparison module, the third switch circuit is turned off, stopping the charging of the battery.

[0039] Thus, the third switching circuit is configured to operate in at least one of the following ways: upon receiving a first control command from the control comparison module, the third switching circuit is turned on, charging the battery through the third switching circuit; upon receiving a second control command from the control comparison module, the third switching circuit is turned off, stopping charging the battery. In this way, the operating rules of the third switching circuits in all charging sub-circuits are consistent, the on / off thresholds and response speeds of each switch are synchronized, and the charging start / stop rhythm of each battery cell is unified, enabling rapid correction of voltage deviations within the battery pack and maintaining balanced performance over the long term.

[0040] This application also provides a battery, including: Multiple individual cells connected in series; and The aforementioned battery charging circuit is connected to the plurality of individual battery cells and is configured to perform charging equalization on each of the individual battery cells.

[0041] Additional aspects and advantages of embodiments of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0042] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein: Figure 1This is one of the schematic diagrams of the battery charging circuit structure in certain embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of the battery charging circuit structure according to certain embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is the third schematic diagram of the battery charging circuit structure in some embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is the fourth schematic diagram of the battery charging circuit structure in some embodiments of this application; Figure 5 This is the fifth schematic diagram of the battery charging circuit structure in some embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is the sixth schematic diagram of the battery charging circuit structure of some embodiments of this application; Figure 7 This is the seventh schematic diagram of the battery charging circuit structure in some embodiments of this application; Figure 8 This is the eighth schematic diagram of the battery charging circuit structure of some embodiments of this application; Figure 9 This is the ninth schematic diagram of the battery charging circuit structure in some embodiments of this application; Figure 10 This is the tenth schematic diagram of the battery charging circuit structure according to certain embodiments of this application; Figure 11 This is eleventh of the schematic diagrams of the battery charging circuit structure of certain embodiments of this application; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the battery charging circuit in some embodiments of this application; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the battery structure according to some embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the embodiments of this application, and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application.

[0044] In series-connected battery packs, individual cells are prone to voltage imbalances during charging and discharging due to differences in manufacturing processes, operating environments, and electrochemical characteristics. Prolonged operation in an unbalanced state not only reduces the overall capacity and lifespan of the battery pack but may also lead to safety hazards due to overcharging or over-discharging of individual cells. Related technologies typically employ passive or active balancing methods to equalize individual cells. Passive balancing uses energy-dissipating resistors to discharge cells with higher voltages; active balancing transfers energy from cells with higher charge levels to those with lower charge levels, achieving energy redistribution. However, passive balancing suffers from high energy loss, low balancing efficiency, and significant heat generation; active charging circuits are complex, with numerous components, cumbersome control logic, high cost, and insufficient system stability. To address these issues, a simple, energy-efficient battery balancing charging circuit capable of independent and precise multi-channel control is urgently needed to improve the balancing effect and operational reliability of the battery pack.

[0045] Based on the above issues, please refer to Figure 1 This application provides a battery charging circuit 1000, which includes a flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 and a charging sub-circuit 1200. The flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 is configured to convert the input voltage into one or more output voltages; The charging sub-circuit 1200 includes one or more charging sub-circuits 1200, each charging sub-circuit 1200 being connected to one or more individual batteries, and the charging sub-circuit 1200 being configured as follows: One or more individual cells are charged based on one or more output voltages; When the voltage of a single cell reaches the charging cutoff voltage, charging of the single cell is stopped.

[0046] Specifically, the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 refers to an isolated switching power supply unit based on the flyback power supply topology, which can perform step-up and step-down conversion on the external input voltage to provide power to the charging sub-circuit 1200.

[0047] Input voltage refers to the external power source of the circuit, which can be either conventional AC voltage at the power frequency, such as 90V-230V, or DC voltage that conforms to the electrical regulations.

[0048] The output voltage refers to the voltage output by the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 after energy conversion. It can be designed as a single or multiple circuits depending on the number of battery packs connected in series, and each output circuit is electrically independent.

[0049] The charging sub-circuit 1200 refers to a functional unit that can perform single-cell voltage detection and charging circuit on / off control. It can be configured with one or more circuits depending on the number of batteries, and each charging sub-circuit 1200 operates independently without interference.

[0050] A single cell is the smallest independent energy storage unit in a series-connected battery pack, and is the direct target of the charging and equalization of the battery charging circuit 1000 in this embodiment.

[0051] The charging cut-off voltage is a preset full-charge rated voltage threshold based on the battery type, used to determine when the battery is fully charged and trigger the charging stop action.

[0052] The external input voltage is transformed by the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100, which outputs one or more independent power supply voltages. These voltages are then connected to individual batteries through one or more independent charging sub-circuits 1200. The batteries are charged using the voltage output by the flyback power supply, and charging is automatically stopped when the battery voltage reaches the rated full charge value. Thus, the battery charging circuit 1000 of this embodiment can simultaneously realize battery pack voltage balancing, independent charging of individual batteries, and automatic charging protection functions.

[0053] Understandably, the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 may include switching devices and a transformer. After the external input voltage is connected to the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100, the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 can complete energy storage and voltage conversion through the coordinated operation of the switching devices and the transformer, and output multiple independent output voltages. Each output voltage corresponds to a charging sub-circuit 1200. Based on the output voltage, the charging sub-circuit 1200 can conduct the charging circuit to charge the connected individual battery cells.

[0054] During the charging process, the charging sub-circuit 1200 continuously collects the voltage across the individual battery cells in real time. When the battery voltage is lower than the charging cutoff voltage, the charging circuit remains open to continuously replenish the battery. As charging progresses, the battery voltage gradually increases. Once the voltage reaches the preset charging cutoff voltage, the charging sub-circuit 1200 immediately activates, cuts off the circuit, and stops charging the battery cell.

[0055] If a subsequent discharge of a single battery cell causes a voltage drop, the charging sub-circuit 1200 will reconnect the circuit and resume charging. The multi-channel charging sub-circuit 1200 can simultaneously charge multiple individual batteries independently, automatically correcting the voltage differences between the individual cells within the battery pack to achieve battery balance.

[0056] Furthermore, the battery charging circuit 1000 of this application embodiment does not have a power-consuming resistor. All electrical energy is used for charging individual batteries and voltage balancing. By independently controlling each individual battery, only individual batteries with low voltage can be charged and replenished. Batteries with qualified voltage will automatically disconnect the charging circuit, thereby improving the utilization rate of electrical energy and thermal safety.

[0057] In summary, the battery charging circuit 1000 of this application includes a flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 and a charging sub-circuit 1200; the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 is configured to convert the input voltage into one or more output voltages; the charging sub-circuit 1200 includes one or more charging sub-circuits 1200, each charging sub-circuit 1200 is connected to one or more individual batteries, and the charging sub-circuit 1200 is configured to charge one or more individual batteries based on one of the one or more output voltages; and to stop charging the individual battery when the voltage of the individual battery reaches the charging cutoff voltage. In this way, the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 can flexibly output one or more independent voltages depending on the number of batteries. Each output corresponds to an independent charging sub-circuit 1200. The charging circuits are electrically isolated from each other and do not interfere with each other's operation. Moreover, the circuit can charge each individual cell in the battery pack independently, which can specifically supplement cells with low voltage, quickly correct voltage differences within the battery pack, and continuously maintain the voltage consistency of the entire battery pack. Furthermore, multiple circuits can work synchronously, allowing multiple cells to complete charging and balancing at the same time. Compared to the method of balancing by consuming electrical energy through resistors, the synchronous operation of one or more charging sub-circuits 1200 in this embodiment can improve charging balancing efficiency. At the same time, each charging sub-circuit 1200 has voltage judgment and automatic power-off capabilities. When the voltage of an individual cell reaches the preset charging cutoff voltage, it can automatically cut off the charging circuit, accurately achieve full charge protection, prevent battery overcharging, and stably maintain the battery within the rated voltage range, further ensuring battery safety.

[0058] Please see Figure 2 In some embodiments, the flyback switching power supply subcircuit 1100 further includes a power control chip 1110, which is configured to generate drive signals to control the operation of the flyback switching power supply subcircuit 1100.

[0059] Specifically, the power control chip 1110 is a dedicated controller chip for the battery charging circuit 1000, used for functions such as oscillation, pulse generation, and logic judgment to control the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100.

[0060] The drive signal refers to the pulse width modulation (PWM) electrical signal output by the power control chip 1110. It has a fixed frequency and an adjustable duty cycle and can be used to drive power devices such as switching transistors to achieve periodic on and off, thereby realizing power transmission.

[0061] After receiving power from the receiving circuit, the power control chip 1110 continuously generates drive signals, which directly affect the power switching of the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100, determining the rhythm of energy storage and release by the transformer. The multiple stable voltages output by the flyback circuit continuously supply the downstream charging sub-circuit 1200 for charging and balancing operations. The power control chip 1110 and the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 work together to ensure that the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 can stably output multiple voltages, providing a continuous and stable power supply foundation for the downstream multi-channel charging sub-circuit 1200.

[0062] Thus, the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 also includes a power control chip 1110, which is configured to generate drive signals to control the operation of the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100. In this way, the power control chip 1110 can output precisely timed drive signals, ensuring that the switching action of the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 is regular and orderly, guaranteeing the consistency of multi-output voltages, improving power supply stability, and further ensuring that the power supply conditions of each charging sub-circuit 1200 are uniform, thus ensuring balanced charging of individual batteries.

[0063] Please refer to it again. Figure 2 In some embodiments, the flyback switching power supply subcircuit 1100 includes a primary winding subcircuit 1120; The primary winding sub-circuit 1120 is configured to convert the received input voltage and output multiple output voltages.

[0064] Specifically, the primary winding sub-circuit 1120 is a functional unit in the flyback switching power supply responsible for receiving the original input voltage, completing energy storage and primary electromagnetic conversion, and used to realize voltage transformation.

[0065] The conversion process includes a series of actions such as voltage adaptation, energy storage, electromagnetic conversion, and amplitude adjustment, which are used to convert the original input voltage into multiple output voltages that are compatible with the back-end charging circuit.

[0066] The flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 is a power conversion unit that can receive external input voltage, complete voltage conditioning, energy storage and electrical conversion. It realizes power conversion by relying on the electromagnetic coupling characteristics of the winding, and stably outputs multiple output voltages. With the drive control of the power control chip 1110, it provides isolated and stable power to the downstream multi-channel charging sub-circuit 1200, solving problems such as voltage interference, inconsistent output and weak load capacity.

[0067] In one example, after the external AC / DC input voltage is connected to the circuit, it is first fed into the primary winding sub-circuit 1120. The power control chip 1110 continuously outputs a drive signal, such as a PWM signal, to control the power devices inside the primary winding sub-circuit 1120 to periodically turn on and off. When the power devices are on, the input voltage applies electrical energy to the primary winding 1123, and the winding stores energy through electromagnetic induction; when the power devices are off, the primary winding 1123 releases the stored electromagnetic energy, and voltage conversion is completed through magnetic coupling.

[0068] Throughout the process, the primary winding sub-circuit 1120 continuously shapes and transforms the original input voltage, stabilizing multiple independent output voltages. These multiple output voltages are then connected to their respective charging sub-circuits 1200, each independently charging a single battery cell, monitoring the battery voltage in real time, and automatically cutting off the charging circuit once the voltage reaches the charging cutoff voltage.

[0069] Meanwhile, the primary winding sub-circuit 1120 relies on the electrical isolation characteristics of the winding to block electrical crosstalk between the input side and the charging side, ensuring that each charging circuit operates independently and stably, and multiple circuits can work synchronously to jointly complete the balanced charging of the battery pack.

[0070] Thus, the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 includes a primary winding sub-circuit 1120; the primary winding sub-circuit 1120 is configured to convert the received input voltage and output multiple output voltages. In this way, the primary winding sub-circuit 1120 can isolate voltage spikes and electromagnetic noise from the input voltage source, preventing interference signals from entering the charging circuit and control chip, improving electrical safety and anti-interference capability, while ensuring the consistency and independence of one or more output voltages to synchronize the charging rhythm of individual batteries and improve the battery pack balancing effect.

[0071] Please refer to it again. Figure 2 In some embodiments, the primary winding sub-circuit 1120 includes a first switching circuit 1121 and a transformer winding 1122; The first switching circuit 1121 connects the power control chip 1110 and the transformer winding 1122; The power control chip 1110 is configured to output a drive signal to the first switching circuit 1121 to control the operation of the first switching circuit 1121; The first switching circuit 1121 is configured to control the stored energy or released energy of the transformer winding 1122 according to the received drive signal; Transformer winding 1122 is configured as follows: When the first switching circuit 1121 is turned on, the transformer winding 1122 stores electrical energy based on the input voltage; When the first switching circuit 1121 is turned off, the transformer winding 1122 releases electrical energy to the charging sub-circuit 1200 to output one or more output voltages to the charging sub-circuit 1200.

[0072] Specifically, the first switching circuit 1121 is a power switching circuit in the primary winding sub-circuit 1120, such as a power metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistor or other semiconductor switching device, which can be driven by the drive signal of the power control chip 1110 to control the energy storage and release state of the switching transformer winding 1122.

[0073] Transformer winding 1122 is a magnetic device that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to realize the temporary storage and transfer of electrical energy, and is used to realize the temporary storage and cross-winding transmission of electrical energy.

[0074] Storing electrical energy is the process by which the input voltage continuously supplies electrical energy to the transformer winding 1122 when the first switching circuit 1121 is turned on, and the winding stores the electrical energy in the form of magnetic field energy.

[0075] The release of electrical energy occurs when the first switching circuit 1121 is turned off, the transformer winding 1122 is no longer connected to the input side circuit, and the magnetic field energy stored inside is converted into one or more sources of electrical energy for output.

[0076] The drive signal output by the power control chip 1110 can directly control the conduction and cutoff of the first switching circuit 1121. As an execution component, the first switching circuit 1121 can manage the working state of the transformer winding 1122. That is, when the first switching circuit 1121 is on, the transformer winding 1122 stores electrical energy, and when the first switching circuit 1121 is off, the transformer winding 1122 releases electrical energy to the outside, thereby realizing the stable conversion from input voltage to multiple output voltages and ensuring the reliable operation of the subsequent charging electronic circuit 1200.

[0077] In one example, the first switching circuit 1121 may include, for example, Figure 3 The MOSFET Q1 shown has its gate connected to the drive output terminal (OUTOUT terminal) of the power control chip 1110, its source connected to the current sampling terminal (ISENSE terminal) of the power control chip 1110, and its drain connected to the transformer winding 1122.

[0078] Therefore, after the battery charging circuit 1000 is powered on, the power control chip 1110 continuously outputs a periodic drive signal and sends it to Q1, such as a PWM signal. When the drive signal is at an effective level, Q1 is turned on, and the input voltage of the voltage source is connected to the transformer winding 1122 circuit. External electrical energy is converted into magnetic field energy, and the transformer winding 1122 enters the energy storage stage. During this stage, the winding does not output electrical energy to the outside. When the drive signal jumps to an invalid level, Q1 is turned off, and the transformer winding 1122 is disconnected from the input side of the voltage source. The magnetic field energy stored inside the transformer winding 1122 is quickly converted into electrical energy based on electromagnetic induction and released to the charging sub-circuit 1200, forming a stable one or more output voltages. The output voltage is sent to each charging sub-circuit 1200 to power the individual batteries and complete the equalization charging.

[0079] As the drive signal alternates periodically, Q1 repeatedly turns on and off, and the transformer winding 1122 cycles through energy storage and release, continuously providing uninterrupted power to the downstream load. Throughout the process, the timing of Q1, i.e., the first switching circuit 1121, is completely synchronized with the energy conversion of the transformer winding 1122, ensuring stable output voltage waveform and amplitude, and adapting to the simultaneous operation of multiple charging electronic circuits 1200.

[0080] In addition, the source of MOSFET Q1 and the ISENSE terminal of power control chip 1110 can be connected to one end of current sampling resistor R1, and the other end of R1 is grounded. During the conduction of Q1, R1 transmits the real-time current of Q1 to power control chip 1110 to achieve overcurrent protection.

[0081] Thus, the primary winding sub-circuit 1120 includes a first switching circuit 1121 and a transformer winding 1122; the first switching circuit 1121 is connected to the power control chip 1110 and the transformer winding 1122; the power control chip 1110 is configured to output a drive signal to the first switching circuit 1121 to control the operation of the first switching circuit 1121; the first switching circuit 1121 is configured to control the energy stored or released by the transformer winding 1122 according to the received drive signal; the transformer winding 1122 is configured to store electrical energy based on the input voltage when the first switching circuit 1121 is turned on; and to release electrical energy to the charging sub-circuit 1200 when the first switching circuit 1121 is turned off, so as to output one or more output voltages to the charging sub-circuit 1200. In this way, the drive signal of the power control chip 1110 is precisely matched with the turn-on and turn-off timing of the first switching circuit 1121, which can improve the energy conversion efficiency, ensure the stability of the output voltage, and ensure that the charging voltage of the charging sub-circuit 1200 is accurately controllable, thereby reducing the risk of overcharging or undercharging to a certain extent.

[0082] In some embodiments, transformer winding 1122 includes primary winding 1123 and secondary winding 1124, and primary winding 1123 and secondary winding 1124 are magnetically coupled. The primary winding 1123 is configured as follows: When the first switching circuit 1121 is turned on, the primary winding 1123 stores electrical energy based on the input voltage; When the first switching circuit 1121 is turned off, the primary winding 1123 releases electrical energy to the secondary winding 1124; Secondary winding 1124 is configured as follows: In response to the change in the magnetic field of the primary winding 1123, an induced electromotive force is generated to output one or more output voltages to the charging electronic circuit 1200 based on the induced electromotive force.

[0083] Specifically, the primary winding 1123 is the coil winding on the input voltage side of the transformer. It is the carrier of electrical energy input and magnetic field energy storage. It is connected to the first switching circuit 1121 and the input voltage of the voltage source, but is not directly connected to the charging load.

[0084] The secondary winding 1124 is the coil winding on the side of the transformer connected to the charging circuit. The number of windings can be flexibly set to one or more depending on the number of charging sub-circuits 1200 or the number of batteries to be charged. It is used to sense the magnetic field to generate an output voltage and supply power to the charging sub-circuit 1200.

[0085] The primary winding 1123 and the secondary winding 1124 are directly connected without any electrical wires. The primary winding 1123 and the secondary winding 1124 are magnetically coupled, and energy can be transferred to each other by relying on the alternating magnetic field in the magnetic core.

[0086] Induced electromotive force refers to the potential difference induced at both ends of the winding coil when the magnetic field at the secondary winding 1124 undergoes periodic changes, according to the law of electromagnetic induction. It is the source of the output voltage of the secondary winding 1124.

[0087] The primary winding 1123 receives the input voltage and stores energy. After the switching circuit is turned off, it transfers energy to the secondary winding 1124 through changes in the magnetic field. The secondary winding 1124 generates an induced electromotive force through electromagnetic induction, thereby outputting multiple stable voltages to supply the charging electronic circuit 1200. Through the magnetic coupling between the primary winding 1123 and the secondary winding 1124, electrical isolation and energy transfer can be achieved. Combined with the winding turns ratio design to precisely control the output voltage, it is possible to ensure that multiple outputs are independent and do not interfere with each other.

[0088] In one example, transformer winding 1122L1 may include, for example: Figure 4The primary winding 1123 and secondary winding 1124 are shown. One end of the primary winding 1123 is connected to the input voltage of the voltage source, and the other end of the primary winding 1123 is connected to the first switching circuit 1121. Each set of secondary windings 1124 is connected to a charging electronic circuit 1200.

[0089] Understandably, pins 1 and 2 of the primary winding 1123 on the left side of transformer L1 are connected to the input voltage of the voltage source, while pins 3 and 4, and pins 5 and 6 of the secondary winding 1124 on the right side of transformer L1 are independent charging output voltages. The output voltage value is related to the turns ratio of the primary winding 1123 and the secondary winding 1124 in transformer winding 1122L1 and the duty cycle of the drive signal PWM. The number of secondary windings 1124 can be adjusted according to the actual number of battery strings. By changing the turns ratio and the duty cycle of the drive signal, the magnitude of the secondary induced electromotive force can be precisely adjusted, thereby outputting different levels of voltage to match different types and nominal voltages of single cells.

[0090] During normal circuit operation, the power control chip 1110 continuously outputs drive signals to control the periodic switching of the first switching circuit 1121. When the first switching circuit 1121 is turned on, the external input voltage is applied to the primary winding 1123, and the current flowing through the coil causes the magnetic core to generate a magnetic field. Electrical energy is converted into magnetic field energy to complete energy storage. Meanwhile, the secondary winding 1124 is only in the magnetic field environment and does not output electrical energy to the outside. When the first switching circuit 1121 is turned off quickly, the primary winding 1123 is disconnected from the voltage input circuit, and the magnetic field inside the magnetic core decays rapidly. Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, the alternating magnetic field passes through the secondary winding 1124, causing a stable induced electromotive force to be generated at its two ends, thereby generating a voltage of corresponding amplitude, forming one or more output voltages.

[0091] Each output voltage is sent to each charging sub-circuit 1200. Each charging sub-circuit 1200 charges a single battery cell using the output voltage, while simultaneously monitoring the battery voltage in real time. The circuit is cut off when the charging cutoff voltage is reached.

[0092] As the first switching circuit 1121 is continuously switched on and off, the magnetic field changes periodically. The primary winding 1123 and the secondary winding 1124 cycle through the energy storage, energy transfer, and output processes, continuously providing stable power to multiple batteries. Since the primary winding 1123 and the secondary winding 1124 only have magnetic coupling and no direct wire connection, the input side and the charging side can always maintain electrical isolation. High-voltage AC power, voltage spikes, electromagnetic interference, etc. on the input side cannot directly enter the battery charging circuit, which protects the charging battery and avoids the safety risks caused by high-voltage leakage.

[0093] Thus, the transformer winding 1122 includes a primary winding 1123 and a secondary winding 1124, which are magnetically coupled. The primary winding 1123 is configured to store electrical energy based on the input voltage when the first switching circuit 1121 is turned on, and to release electrical energy to the secondary winding 1124 when the first switching circuit 1121 is turned off. The secondary winding 1124 is configured to generate an induced electromotive force in response to the change in the magnetic field of the primary winding 1123, so as to output one or more output voltages to the charging electronic circuit 1200 based on the induced electromotive force. In this way, the charging sub-circuit 1200 obtains the output voltage through the magnetically coupled primary winding 1123 and secondary winding 1124, which can maintain electrical isolation between the voltage input side and the charging side, thereby protecting the individual battery cells that need to be charged. At the same time, the multiple secondary windings 1124 are independent of each other, and the output voltages of each circuit do not interfere with each other. When a single battery cell experiences voltage abnormalities or load fluctuations, it will not affect the operation of other charging circuits. Furthermore, by adjusting the turns ratio of the primary winding 1123 and the secondary winding 1124, the output voltage can also be precisely adjusted to match different types of individual batteries with different nominal voltages.

[0094] Please refer to it again. Figure 2 In some embodiments, the primary winding sub-circuit 1120 further includes a first rectifier circuit 1125 and / or a first filter circuit 1126; The first rectifier circuit 1125 is configured to rectify the input voltage, which is input to the transformer winding 1122; The first filter circuit 1126 is configured to filter the input voltage, which is input to the transformer winding 1122; The transformer winding 1122 converts the voltage processed by the first rectifier circuit 1125 and / or the first filter circuit 1126 to output multiple output voltages.

[0095] Specifically, the first rectifier circuit 1125 is used to rectify the AC input voltage, converting the alternating direction AC power into unidirectional pulsating DC power, and also to regulate the polarity of the DC input voltage to ensure that the output voltage direction is uniform.

[0096] The first filter circuit 1126 is used to convert pulsating voltage into DC voltage with stable amplitude.

[0097] The external input voltage can be converted from AC to DC by the first rectifier circuit 1125, and then filtered by the first filter circuit 1126 to remove noise, spikes and ripples in the voltage, so as to obtain a smooth, unidirectional stable voltage. Finally, it is sent to the transformer winding 1122 for energy and voltage conversion.

[0098] Through the preprocessing of the first rectifier circuit 1125 and the first filter circuit 1126, the input voltage shape can be unified and the voltage waveform purified, ensuring the stable operation of subsequent transformers and switching devices, while adapting to multiple input types such as AC and DC. In addition, the first rectifier circuit 1125 and the first filter circuit 1126 can be configured as needed, and no limitation is made here.

[0099] In one example, the first rectifier circuit 1125 may include a unidirectional conductive element, which changes the current flow direction to convert alternating current into unidirectional pulsating current; while the first filter circuit 1126 may include an energy storage element, which absorbs voltage fluctuations and cancels noise interference to keep the voltage amplitude stable.

[0100] Thus, the primary winding sub-circuit 1120 also includes a first rectifier circuit 1125 and / or a first filter circuit 1126; the first rectifier circuit 1125 is configured to rectify the input voltage and input it to the transformer winding 1122; the first filter circuit 1126 is configured to filter the input voltage and input it to the transformer winding 1122; the transformer winding 1122 converts the voltage processed by the first rectifier circuit 1125 and / or the first filter circuit 1126 to output multiple output voltages. In this way, the first rectifier circuit 1125 can complete the conversion of AC to DC, realize the access of wide voltage and multiple types of input power sources, and expand the application scenarios of the circuit; the first filter circuit 1126 can unify the voltage flow and filter out noise and spikes, protect the subsequent power devices such as the first switching circuit 1121 and the transformer winding 1122, thereby stabilizing the output voltage and improving the accuracy of charging control to a certain extent.

[0101] In some embodiments, the first rectifier circuit 1125 includes a rectifier bridge, and the first filter circuit 1126 includes a first filter capacitor. The first end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the first end of the input voltage source, the second end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the second end of the input voltage source, the third end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the first end of the first filter capacitor and the first end of the transformer winding 1122, and the fourth end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the second end of the first filter capacitor. The first terminal of the first filter capacitor is connected to the third terminal of the input voltage source, and the second terminal of the first filter capacitor is grounded.

[0102] Specifically, a rectifier bridge refers to a full-wave rectifier device, such as a bridge rectifier module composed of four integrated or combined diodes, which can completely convert bidirectional alternating AC power into unidirectional pulsating DC power.

[0103] The first filter capacitor can absorb voltage fluctuations and smooth the voltage waveform by taking advantage of the characteristic that the voltage across the capacitor cannot change abruptly.

[0104] The first filter capacitor is connected in parallel to the output of the rectifier bridge, and one end of the first filter capacitor is connected to the input voltage source. The other end of the first filter capacitor is grounded. The grounded end serves as the reference end for the current return of the entire circuit, which can stabilize the potential, discharge noise current, and improve the safety and stability of the circuit. The input voltage source end can provide the battery charging circuit 1000 with an external power supply device that provides raw power, including different types such as AC mains power and DC power supply.

[0105] Based on the fixed wiring topology of the rectifier bridge and the first filter capacitor, efficient rectification and basic filtering can be achieved, converting the external input voltage into a low-ripple, uniformly flowing DC voltage, stably supplying power to the downstream transformer winding 1122, and ensuring that the parameters of the entire circuit are uniform and the operation is reliable.

[0106] In one example, such as Figure 5 As shown, the rectifier bridge, D1, is a bridge rectifier module composed of four integrated or combined diodes. The two input pins of D1 are connected to the AC_L and AC_N terminals, which can accept AC power of 90V-230V or DC voltage within the specified range. The two output pins output DC positive and GND negative terminals respectively. When the DC positive and negative terminals are directly connected to AC_L and AC_N, the two diodes in the rectifier bridge are forward-biased, effectively transmitting DC voltage through a direct current, thus outputting a suitable DC voltage.

[0107] The first filter capacitor, C1, can be a high-voltage electrolytic capacitor connected in parallel across the DC output of the rectifier bridge D1. One end is connected to the high-voltage bus Vin after rectification, and the other end is connected to the power ground GND. The rectified voltage has a fluctuating waveform. C1 charges and stores energy during voltage peaks and discharges to compensate for voltage troughs, which can smooth the pulsating voltage into a relatively stable DC bus voltage. It also buffers the instantaneous inrush current during power-on, providing a stable power supply voltage for the subsequent first switching circuit 1121 and transformer winding 1122, so that the PWM control of the power control chip 1110 is more stable and the output deviation caused by voltage fluctuations is reduced.

[0108] Thus, the first rectifier circuit 1125 includes a rectifier bridge, and the first filter circuit 1126 includes a first filter capacitor. The first terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the first terminal of the input voltage source, the second terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the second terminal of the input voltage source, the third terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the first terminal of the first filter capacitor and the first terminal of the transformer winding 1122, and the fourth terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the second terminal of the first filter capacitor. The first terminal of the first filter capacitor is connected to the third terminal of the input voltage source, and the second terminal of the first filter capacitor is grounded. In this way, by connecting the input voltage of the voltage source through the rectifier bridge and the first filter capacitor, the rectification effect can be improved, and the voltage waveform can be effectively smoothed, protecting the first switching circuit 1121 and the transformer winding 1122, ensuring that the output voltage remains stable, and thus guaranteeing charging and balancing accuracy to a certain extent.

[0109] In some embodiments, the primary winding subcircuit 1120 further includes an absorption circuit 1127 configured to absorb leakage inductance spike energy when the first switching circuit 1121 is turned off.

[0110] Specifically, the absorption circuit 1127 is used to absorb the instantaneous high voltage spikes and excess magnetic field energy generated by the switching action.

[0111] Leakage inductance spike energy refers to the instantaneous high-voltage pulse energy formed when the magnetic field energy stored in the leakage inductance of the transformer cannot be properly released at the moment the switching transistor is turned off.

[0112] Understandably, during the coupling process of transformer winding 1122, the inductance corresponding to the magnetic field that fails to participate in the primary and secondary energy exchange, namely the leakage inductance, will store energy separately and cannot be transferred to the secondary winding 1124 through magnetic coupling. At the moment the first switching circuit 1121 is turned off, the magnetic field energy stored in the leakage inductance cannot be properly released, and thus is converted into instantaneous high voltage pulse energy.

[0113] like Figure 2 As shown, the absorption circuit 1127 can be connected in parallel between the power switch, i.e., the first switching circuit 1121, and the transformer winding 1122. It acts at the moment when the first switching circuit 1121 is turned off. By actively capturing and consuming the peak energy generated by the leakage inductance of the transformer, it can suppress the generation of instantaneous high voltage, weaken high-frequency electromagnetic interference, protect the power switching devices and surrounding circuits to work normally, reduce unnecessary heat generation, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the entire power supply.

[0114] Thus, the primary winding sub-circuit 1120 also includes an absorption circuit 1127, which is configured to absorb leakage inductance spike energy when the first switching circuit 1121 is turned off. In this way, the absorption circuit 1127 can promptly dissipate the high voltage spikes caused by leakage inductance, protect the first switching circuit 1121, improve the reliability of the primary winding sub-circuit 1120, and thus ensure the subsequent equalization charging effect.

[0115] In some embodiments, the absorption circuit 1127 includes an absorption resistor, an absorption capacitor, and an absorption diode. The positive terminal of the absorption diode is connected to the output terminal of the first rectifier circuit 1125 and / or the first filter circuit 1126 and the first terminal of the transformer winding 1122. The negative terminal of the absorption diode is connected to the first terminal of the absorption resistor and the first terminal of the absorption capacitor. The second terminal of the absorption resistor is connected to the second terminal of the absorption capacitor, the second terminal of the transformer winding 1122, and the first terminal of the first switching circuit 1121.

[0116] Specifically, an absorption diode is a semiconductor device with unidirectional conductivity, which can directionally guide peak energy into the absorption circuit while blocking reverse current and preventing the circuit from generating self-excited oscillation.

[0117] The absorption resistor is used to dissipate the peak energy stored in the absorption capacitor, limit the magnitude of the loop current, dampen circuit oscillations, and make the energy dissipation process smoother.

[0118] Absorption capacitors utilize the characteristic that voltage cannot change abruptly to momentarily absorb high voltage spikes generated by leakage inductance, temporarily storing pulse energy and achieving voltage buffering.

[0119] The absorption circuit 1127 is connected in parallel across the first switching circuit 1121 and the transformer winding 1122. The absorption diode serves as the energy inlet, determining the direction of the peak energy flow. The absorption capacitor temporarily stores instantaneous high-voltage energy to achieve voltage buffering. The absorption resistor, in conjunction with the capacitor, completes energy consumption and discharge, suppressing oscillation.

[0120] In one example, such as Figure 6 As shown, the absorption circuit 1127 includes an absorption resistor R2, an absorption capacitor C2, and an absorption diode D2. After the external input voltage is processed by the first rectifier circuit 1125 and the first filter circuit 1126, a stable DC voltage is output to supply the transformer winding 1122 and the first switching circuit 1121. When the power control chip 1110 outputs a drive signal, the first switching circuit 1121 is turned on, and the transformer winding 1122 stores energy. At this time, the circuit voltage is in the normal range, the absorption diode is reverse-biased and cut off, the entire absorption circuit does not participate in the operation, and the main circuit operates according to the predetermined logic. When the drive signal is removed, the first switching circuit 1121 is quickly turned off, the leakage inductance of the transformer winding 1122 releases energy and generates a momentary high voltage spike. This high voltage causes the absorption diode to conduct in the forward direction, and the spike energy flows through the absorption diode into the circuit composed of the absorption resistor and the absorption capacitor.

[0121] The absorption capacitor can quickly absorb instantaneous high voltage energy and buffer the sudden voltage waveform. Then, the energy stored in the capacitor is gradually consumed and discharged through the absorption resistor, and the voltage slowly returns to the normal range.

[0122] Throughout the energy dissipation process, the absorption resistor acts as a damper, preventing high-frequency oscillations caused by the capacitor and inductor. After the peak energy completely dissipates, the absorption diode returns to the cutoff state, and the absorption circuit 1127 re-enters standby mode, awaiting the next switching action. During this process, in the transformer winding 1122, the energy from the primary winding 1123 is normally transferred to the secondary winding 1124, outputting a stable voltage to supply the charging sub-circuit 1200, completing the battery charging and equalization process. Thus, the absorption circuit 1127 includes an absorption resistor, an absorption capacitor, and an absorption diode. The positive terminal of the absorption diode is connected to the output terminal of the first rectifier circuit 1125 and / or the first filter circuit 1126, as well as the first terminal of the transformer winding 1122. The negative terminal of the absorption diode is connected to the first terminal of the absorption resistor and the first terminal of the absorption capacitor. The second terminal of the absorption resistor is connected to the second terminal of the absorption capacitor, the second terminal of the transformer winding 1122, and the first terminal of the first switching circuit 1121. In this way, relying on the unidirectional conduction characteristic of the absorption diode, the energy storage characteristic of the absorption capacitor, and the energy dissipation characteristic of the absorption resistor working together, the leakage inductance spike energy can be quickly captured at the moment the first switching circuit 1121 is turned off, and the energy absorption and release can be completed smoothly. The voltage is precisely clamped, high voltage spikes and circuit oscillations are eliminated, and reliable protection is achieved, so that the voltage input of the transformer winding 1122 is cleaner, and the overall electromagnetic environment of the power supply is further optimized.

[0123] Please refer to it again. Figure 2 In some embodiments, the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 further includes an auxiliary winding sub-circuit 1130, which includes an auxiliary winding 1131, a power supply circuit 1132, and a feedback sub-circuit 1133. The auxiliary winding 1131 is magnetically coupled to the primary winding sub-circuit 1120, and the auxiliary winding 1131 is configured to generate an induced electromotive force in response to the magnetic field change of the primary winding sub-circuit 1120. The power supply circuit 1132 is configured to output a startup power supply voltage to the power control chip 1110 based on the input voltage, so as to start the power control chip 1110. Feedback sub-circuit 1133 is configured as follows: After the power control chip 1110 is started, a power supply voltage is output to the power control chip 1110 based on the induced electromotive force; Based on the induced voltage, a feedback voltage is output to the power control chip 1110 to adjust the operating state of the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100.

[0124] Specifically, the auxiliary winding sub-circuit 1130 is a supporting functional unit attached to the magnetic core of the transformer winding 1122 and independent of the primary and secondary windings 1124. It is used to supply power to the power control chip 1110 and provide voltage feedback.

[0125] The auxiliary winding 1131 is an independent coil wound on the same magnetic core as the transformer winding 1122 and magnetically coupled with the primary winding 1123. It does not directly participate in powering the battery, but is used to generate electromotive force by inducing an alternating magnetic field, providing working voltage for the power control chip 1110, and outputting a sampling voltage for voltage regulation feedback.

[0126] Electronic circuit 1132 is a functional circuit used to temporarily supply power during the power-on phase of flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100. It only works at the moment of startup to provide the initial startup voltage for power control chip 1110.

[0127] The feedback sub-circuit 1133 is a circuit unit that generates a feedback signal based on the induced voltage of the auxiliary winding 1131. It is used to collect voltage parameters and convert them into control signals to realize dynamic adjustment of the power supply's operating state.

[0128] The startup supply voltage refers to the rated voltage output by the power supply circuit 1132 at the initial stage of power-on, which enables the power control chip 1110 to switch from the dormant state to the normal operating state.

[0129] Feedback voltage refers to the sampled voltage signal obtained by the feedback sub-circuit 1133 after processing the induced electromotive force of the auxiliary winding 1131. Its amplitude changes with the output voltage and serves as the basis for the adjustment of the power control chip 1110.

[0130] After the power supply circuit 1132 completes the temporary startup power supply at the initial stage of power-on, it can wake up the power control chip 1110. Based on the auxiliary winding 1131 magnetically coupled to the primary winding 1123, it can switch to the auxiliary winding 1131 to supply power to the power control chip 1110. At the same time, the feeder circuit generates a feedback voltage based on the voltage signal collected from the auxiliary winding 1131 and sends it to the power control chip 1110 to form a closed-loop regulation, dynamically correcting the working state of the flyback power supply. While simplifying the circuit structure, it realizes reliable chip startup, stable power supply and high-precision voltage regulation.

[0131] Compared to the method of using an optocoupler circuit to transmit the output voltage signal for feedback, the embodiment of this application uses the primary-side auxiliary winding 1131 for feedback instead of the optocoupler circuit. The auxiliary winding 1131 generates an induced electromotive force by magnetic coupling with the primary winding 1123. After the power control chip 1110 is started, it can rely on the induced electromotive force generated by the auxiliary winding 1131 to achieve continuous power supply. At the same time, the output feedback voltage regulates the operating condition of the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100.

[0132] In one example, such as Figure 7 As shown, the feedback sub-circuit 1133 may include a rectifier diode D3, a filter capacitor C3, and a feedback resistor R3. The positive terminal of D3 is connected to pin 7 of the auxiliary winding 1131 and the VCC pin of the power control chip 1110. The negative terminal of D3 is connected to one end of C3, and the other end of C3 is connected to pin 8 of the auxiliary winding 1131 and grounded. The feedback resistor R3 is connected in series between pin 7 of the auxiliary winding 1131 and the VSENSE pin of the power control chip 1110.

[0133] The input voltage of the voltage source in the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 is rectified and filtered before being connected to the primary winding sub-circuit 1120. At the moment of power-on, the external input voltage is directly connected to the power supply circuit 1132. The power supply circuit 1132 immediately outputs the start-up power supply voltage and sends it to the power control chip 1110. After the chip obtains the voltage, it completes initialization and enters the working state, and begins to output PWM drive signals. The drive signal controls the first switching circuit 1121 to periodically turn on and off, the primary winding 1123 continuously stores and releases energy, and the transformer core generates a regular alternating magnetic field. The auxiliary winding 1131, which is magnetically coupled to the primary winding 1123, generates a stable induced electromotive force under the action of the magnetic field. At this time, the feedback sub-circuit 1133 begins to work. Based on the induced electromotive force generated by the auxiliary winding 1131, the rectifier diode D3 only conducts when the auxiliary winding 1131 induces a positive voltage, converting the AC pulse voltage into a unidirectional DC pulsating voltage. At the same time, the rectified pulsating voltage is converted into a stable DC through the filter capacitor C3, ensuring that the sampling voltage does not change abruptly, providing a continuous operating voltage for the power control chip 1110. In addition, the temporary power supply path of the power supply circuit 1132 can be cut off at the same time to complete the switching of the power supply mode. The feedback resistor R3 can also divide the voltage induced by the auxiliary winding 1131 to generate a corresponding feedback voltage, which is then sent back to the power control chip 1110 for current limiting and voltage regulation protection. For example, when external input voltage fluctuations or changes in the downstream charging load cause a shift in the secondary output voltage, the induced voltage of the auxiliary winding 1131 will change synchronously, and the feedback voltage will also change accordingly. Based on the difference in the feedback voltage, the power control chip 1110 dynamically adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM drive signal, changing the amount of energy transferred from the primary winding 1123 to the secondary winding 1124, thereby offsetting the voltage shift and ensuring that the secondary multi-output voltage remains within the set range.

[0134] Thus, the flyback switching power supply subcircuit 1100 also includes an auxiliary winding subcircuit 1130, which includes an auxiliary winding 1131, a power supply circuit 1132, and a feedback subcircuit 1133. The auxiliary winding 1131 is magnetically coupled to the primary winding subcircuit 1120, and is configured to generate an induced electromotive force in response to changes in the magnetic field of the primary winding subcircuit 1120. The power supply circuit 1132 is configured to output a startup power supply voltage to the power control chip 1110 based on the input voltage to start the power control chip 1110. The feedback subcircuit 1133 is configured to output a power supply voltage to the power control chip 1110 based on the induced electromotive force after the power control chip 1110 is started, and to output a feedback voltage to the power control chip 1110 based on the induced voltage to adjust the operating state of the flyback switching power supply subcircuit 1100. In this way, the auxiliary winding 1131, the power supply circuit 1132, and the feedback sub-circuit 1133 optimize the startup logic of the power control chip 1110, avoid damage to the power control chip 1110 caused by the surge current and voltage fluctuations at the moment of power-on, improve startup reliability, and eliminate the need for additional components such as external auxiliary power supply and optocoupler isolation feedback, thereby reducing hardware cost and size. This also improves voltage regulation accuracy to a certain extent and ensures the stability and reliability of the output voltage of the secondary winding 1124.

[0135] Please refer to it again. Figure 2 In some embodiments, the power supply circuit 1132 includes at least a second switching circuit 1134, which is connected to the input voltage source and the power control chip 1110. The second switching circuit 1134 is configured to output a startup supply voltage to the power control chip 1110 based on the input voltage, so as to start the power control chip 1110. The power control chip 1110 is configured to send a cutoff signal to the second switching circuit 1134 when it receives a supply voltage; The second switching circuit 1134 is also configured to stop outputting the start-up power supply voltage to the power control chip 1110 in response to a cutoff signal sent by the power control chip 1110.

[0136] Specifically, the second switching circuit 1134 refers to the controllable semiconductor switching circuit integrated in the power supply circuit 1132, which is used to start the switching of the power supply path and can switch between the on and off states according to the voltage at both ends or external control signals.

[0137] The cutoff signal is a dedicated level signal output by the power control chip 1110 after it is working normally. It is a control command for the second switch circuit 1134 to be turned off. It has a fixed level amplitude and can accurately trigger the switching state transition.

[0138] During the initial power-on phase, the second switching circuit 1134 is turned on, allowing the power control chip 1110 to be started using an external input voltage. After the power control chip 1110 enters normal operation, the voltage generated by the auxiliary winding 1131 can be supplied through the feedback sub-circuit 1133. The power control chip 1110 can actively output a cutoff signal to control the second switching circuit 1134 to disconnect, cutting off the power supply path for startup. This achieves time-sharing and isolation between the power supply for startup and the power supply for the auxiliary winding 1131, thereby avoiding problems such as loop crosstalk and voltage superposition, and ensuring the stable operation of the power control chip 1110 and the entire charging circuit.

[0139] In one example, the second switching circuit 1134 may include Figure 8 The transistor shown, the power supply circuit 1132 may also include Figure 8 The current-limiting resistors R4 and R5 are shown. The base of the transistor is connected to one end of R4 and the ASU terminal of the power control chip 1110. The collector of the transistor is connected to one end of R5. The emitter of the transistor is connected to the VCC terminal of the power control chip 1110. The other ends of R4 and R5 are connected to the external input power supply Vin.

[0140] After the battery charging circuit 1000 is powered on, the external input voltage Vin is rectified and filtered, and then drives the second switching circuit 1134, i.e., the transistor, to conduct through R4. Vin can then form a path through R5 and the conducting transistor to supply the start-up power supply voltage to the VCC terminal of the power control chip 1110. After the power control chip 1110 is powered on, it quickly completes the initialization and then enters the normal working mode, i.e., it generates a drive signal to drive the primary winding sub-circuit 1120 to work, and at the same time immediately sends a cut-off signal, such as a low-level signal, to the outside. The cutoff signal is output from the ASU terminal of the power control chip 1110 and acts on the transistor to switch the transistor from the on state to the off state, thereby cutting off the startup power supply path so that the external input voltage Vin no longer supplies power to the chip. Meanwhile, the power control chip 1110 continuously outputs PWM drive signals to control the first switching circuit 1121 to periodically switch on and off. The primary winding 1123 continuously stores and releases energy, and the transformer core generates an alternating magnetic field. As mentioned above, the auxiliary winding 1131, which is magnetically coupled to the primary winding 1123, induces a stable electromotive force. The feedback sub-circuit 1133 receives this energy and provides a continuous operating voltage for the power control chip 1110. At the same time, the feedback sub-circuit 1133 collects voltage signals to generate feedback voltage, which is sent to the chip to achieve closed-loop voltage regulation.

[0141] Thus, the power supply circuit 1132 includes at least a second switching circuit 1134, which is connected to the input voltage source and the power control chip 1110. The second switching circuit 1134 is configured to output a startup power supply voltage to the power control chip 1110 based on the input voltage, thereby starting the power control chip 1110. The power control chip 1110 is configured to send a cutoff signal to the second switching circuit 1134 upon receiving the power supply voltage. The second switching circuit 1134 is also configured to stop outputting the startup power supply voltage to the power control chip 1110 in response to the cutoff signal sent by the power control chip 1110. In this way, the second switching circuit 1134 enables the power supply circuit 1132 and the feedback sub-circuit 1133 to operate in a time-sharing manner, isolating the power supply circuit 1132 and the feedback sub-circuit 1133, preventing current backflow and circulating current phenomena, thereby improving power energy conversion efficiency, voltage sampling, and voltage regulation. Simultaneously, it isolates external interference, ensuring accurate energy conversion timing of the primary winding 1123 and the transformer, thus ensuring charging control accuracy.

[0142] Please refer to it again. Figure 2 In some embodiments, the charging electronic circuit 1200 includes a voltage sampling unit 1210, a control comparison module 1220, and a third switching circuit 1230. The voltage sampling unit 1210 is configured to collect the voltage of a single cell; The control comparison module 1220 is configured to compare the voltage of a single cell with the charging cut-off voltage and output control commands. The third switching circuit 1230 is configured as follows: Based on the output voltage, one or more individual battery cells are charged; Upon receiving a control command, the charging circuit containing the battery is turned on or off to continue or stop charging one or more individual batteries.

[0143] Specifically, the voltage sampling unit 1210 refers to the signal acquisition front end of the charging electronic circuit 1200, which is used to collect the real-time voltage at both ends of a single battery cell and convert the physical voltage into a standard electrical signal that can be recognized by logic, so as to provide a data basis for subsequent charging control logic.

[0144] The control comparison module 1220 is a voltage threshold judgment unit. It can be preset with a fixed charging cutoff voltage reference, which is used to automatically compare the magnitude relationship between the sampled voltage and the reference voltage, and output control commands of different levels according to the comparison result.

[0145] The third switching circuit 1230 is a power actuator connected in series in the charging circuit. It can switch between on and off states according to external control commands to control whether the charging circuit is connected.

[0146] The charging circuit refers to the power transmission path formed by the flyback power supply output terminal, the third switching circuit 1230, and the individual battery cells connected in series. All the charging power of the battery is transmitted through this circuit.

[0147] The control command is the level signal output by the control comparison module 1220, and can include two types of control commands: maintaining charging and cutting off charging.

[0148] The voltage sampling unit 1210 is dedicated to collecting battery voltage, the control comparison module 1220 completes voltage threshold comparison and generates control commands, and the third switching circuit 1230 executes the on / off action of the charging circuit. The three units work together in sequence to form a complete closed loop from signal acquisition, logic judgment to action execution, realize the automatic start and stop of charging of a single battery cell, accurately control the charging process, and at the same time ensure that multiple charging circuits are independent and do not interfere with each other.

[0149] In one example, the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 stably outputs one or more output voltages, each of which is connected to a charging sub-circuit 1200. When the voltage of a single battery cell is lower than the preset charging cutoff voltage, the voltage sampling unit 1210 continuously collects the real-time battery voltage and transmits the sampling signal to the control comparison module 1220. The control comparison module 1220 compares the sampled voltage with the internal reference voltage, determines that the battery is not fully charged, and then outputs a conduction control command. Upon receiving the command, the third switching circuit 1230 remains on to construct a complete charging loop. As a result, the electrical energy output by the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 can continuously flow to the single battery cell, and the battery is in a continuous charging state.

[0150] As charging continues, the voltage of a single battery cell gradually increases. When the voltage reaches the preset charging cutoff voltage, the voltage sampling unit 1210 transmits the corresponding full-voltage signal to the control comparison module 1220. After the control comparison module 1220 completes the voltage comparison again, it switches to output a cutoff control command so that the third switching circuit 1230 responds to the command and changes from the on state to the off state, thereby cutting off the charging circuit and stopping the charging process automatically.

[0151] If the voltage of a single battery cell drops due to discharge, and the voltage falls below the charging cutoff voltage threshold again, the control comparison module 1220 re-identifies the voltage state, switches the control command, the third switch circuit 1230 resumes conduction, the charging circuit is reconnected, and the charging operation is restarted.

[0152] The above process repeats itself, with each charging sub-circuit operating independently. It starts and stops charging autonomously according to the voltage status of the corresponding battery, gradually unifying the voltage of the entire series-connected battery pack to the standard value, and finally achieving battery pack voltage balance.

[0153] Thus, the charging sub-circuit 1200 includes a voltage sampling unit 1210, a control comparison module 1220, and a third switching circuit 1230. The voltage sampling unit 1210 is configured to collect the voltage of a single battery cell. The control comparison module 1220 is configured to compare the voltage of a single battery cell with the charging cutoff voltage and output a control command. The third switching circuit 1230 is configured to charge one or more single batteries cell by means of the output voltage. Upon receiving a control command, it turns on or off the charging circuit containing the battery to continue or stop charging one or more single batteries cell by means of the charging sub-circuit 1200. In this way, the charging sub-circuit 1200, consisting of the voltage sampling unit 1210, the control comparison module 1220, and the third switching circuit 1230, ensures that the voltage sampling results of the voltage sampling unit 1210 accurately represent the battery state, ensures the accuracy of the voltage threshold judgment by the control comparison module 1220, and thus prevents control errors caused by sampling distortion. Meanwhile, each charging electronic circuit 1200 is independent of the others. The start / stop of charging and voltage changes of a single battery will not affect other circuits. Each single battery can be independently charged to the standard full charge voltage, which can quickly correct voltage differences within the battery pack and improve balancing efficiency and stability.

[0154] Please refer to it again. Figure 2 In some embodiments, the charging electronic circuit 1200 further includes a second rectifier circuit 1240 and / or a second filter circuit 1250; The second rectifier circuit 1240 is configured to rectify the output voltage so that the rectified output voltage can be used to charge one or more individual cells through the third switching circuit 1230. The second filter circuit 1250 is configured to filter the output voltage so that the filtered output voltage can be used to charge one or more individual cells via the third switch circuit 1230.

[0155] Specifically, the second rectifier circuit 1240 is different from the first rectifier circuit 1125 at the front end of the power supply. The second rectifier circuit 1240d is used to filter out the AC component in the voltage output from the secondary side of the flyback power supply and convert the discontinuous pulse voltage into a unidirectional pulsating DC voltage.

[0156] The second filter circuit, with its 1250 energy storage element, absorbs voltage pulsations, high-frequency noise, and instantaneous spikes, further converting the unidirectional pulsating DC voltage into a pure DC voltage with stable amplitude and smooth waveform.

[0157] By setting a second rectifier circuit 1240 and a second filter circuit 1250 at the power input terminal of the charging sub-circuit 1200, wherein the second rectifier circuit 1240 and the second filter circuit 1250 can be configured individually or used in combination, the voltage entering the charging circuit can be rectified and filtered preprocessed to convert the pulse voltage into a smooth and stable DC voltage, providing clean power supply and charging energy for the back-end sampling module, logic comparison module, switching circuit and individual battery cells, thereby optimizing the overall working environment of the charging sub-circuit 1200.

[0158] In one example, the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 can output one or more pulse-shaped output voltages, each of which is connected to a corresponding charging sub-circuit 1200. The second rectifier circuit 1240, connected to the transformer winding 1122, can filter out the alternating component in the output voltage to convert it into a unidirectional pulsating DC voltage. Subsequently, the second filter circuit 1250, connected to the second rectifier circuit 1240, can absorb voltage ripple, high-frequency interference, and instantaneous spikes, ultimately outputting a smooth DC voltage with a constant amplitude, laying the foundation for subsequent single-cell battery charging and precise execution of charging start-stop actions.

[0159] Thus, the charging sub-circuit 1200 also includes a second rectifier circuit 1240 and / or a second filter circuit 1250; the second rectifier circuit 1240 is configured to rectify the output voltage so that the rectified output voltage can be used to charge one or more individual cells through a third switching circuit 1230; the second filter circuit 1250 is configured to filter the output voltage so that the filtered output voltage can be used to charge one or more individual cells through the third switching circuit 1230. In this way, the second rectifier circuit 1240 and the second filter circuit 1250 can eliminate pulse voltage and current fluctuations in the input voltage, reduce battery polarization and abnormal heat generation during charging, protect individual cells, and improve the control accuracy and reliability of charging start / stop.

[0160] In some embodiments, the second rectifier circuit 1240 includes a rectifier diode, and the second filter circuit 1250 includes a second filter capacitor.

[0161] Specifically, a rectifier diode is a discrete semiconductor device with unidirectional conductivity, which allows current to pass through in only one direction. It is used to cut off the reverse voltage component and convert alternating, pulsed voltage into unidirectional pulsating voltage.

[0162] The second filter capacitor can utilize the physical characteristic that the voltage across the capacitor cannot change abruptly to absorb voltage peaks, fill voltage valleys, filter out pulsating components and high-frequency ripple, and output a stable DC voltage.

[0163] By relying on the unidirectional conductivity of the rectifier diode to rectify the pulse voltage and utilizing the energy storage characteristics of the second filter capacitor to smooth the voltage waveform, rectification and filtering functions can be achieved based on a simple hardware structure. This simplifies the circuit, controls costs, and reduces the size while ensuring waveform processing performance.

[0164] In one example, such as Figure 9 As shown, the positive terminal of the rectifier diode D4 is connected to one end of the transformer winding 1122, the negative terminal of D4 is connected to one end of the second filter capacitor C4 and one end of the voltage sampling unit 1210, and the other end of C4 is connected to the other end of the voltage sampling unit 1210 and the other end of the transformer winding 1122.

[0165] The secondary winding 1124 of the transformer winding 1122 is based on the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit 1100 and can output periodic pulse voltage. By connecting the rectifier diode D4 of the charging sub-circuit 1200, based on the unidirectional conductivity of D4, the input voltage can be blocked by reverse voltage and reverse current, retaining only voltage and current in one direction, and converting the irregular pulse voltage into a unidirectional pulsating DC voltage. A unidirectional pulsating voltage is applied across the second filter capacitor, C4. During the peak voltage phase, C4 can absorb excess energy for energy storage; during the valley voltage phase, C4 releases the stored energy to fill the voltage gap, thereby suppressing voltage pulsation, filtering out high-frequency ripple and instantaneous spikes, and finally outputting a DC voltage with stable amplitude and smooth waveform.

[0166] The voltage, after rectification and filtering, is sent to the main charging circuit containing the third switching circuit 1230. The voltage sampling unit 1210 synchronously collects the voltage across each individual battery cell and transmits it to the control comparison module 1220. When the battery voltage is lower than the charging cutoff voltage, the control comparison module 1220 outputs a conduction command, the third switching circuit 1230 is turned on, and stable DC power continuously charges the battery. When the battery voltage reaches the rated full charge voltage, the control comparison module 1220 switches, the third switching circuit 1230 is turned off, and the charging circuit is disconnected. After the battery discharge voltage drops, the circuit automatically resumes charging.

[0167] The process runs in a loop, with the rectifier diode and the second filter capacitor continuously purifying the charging voltage throughout the process, ensuring the stable operation of the back-end sampling, control, and execution units, and realizing independent charging of individual batteries, automatic start and stop, and equalization of the entire battery pack.

[0168] Thus, the second rectifier circuit 1240 includes a rectifier diode, and the second filter circuit 1250 includes a second filter capacitor. In this way, pulse voltage rectification is achieved by utilizing the unidirectional conductivity of the rectifier diode, while the voltage waveform is smoothed by utilizing the energy storage characteristics of the second filter capacitor. Therefore, rectification and filtering functions can be achieved with a simple hardware structure, simplifying the charging circuit and reducing hardware costs while ensuring waveform processing performance.

[0169] In some embodiments, the voltage sampling circuit includes a voltage divider resistor network 1260, which includes a first voltage divider resistor and a second voltage divider resistor connected in series with the first voltage divider resistor. The voltage divider resistor network 1260 is configured to perform voltage division processing on the collected voltage of a single cell based on the first voltage divider resistor and the second voltage divider resistor, determine the voltage sampling signal, and transmit the voltage sampling signal to the control comparison module 1220. The control comparison module 1220 is configured to determine whether the voltage of a single cell has reached the charging cutoff voltage based on the voltage sampling signal and the reference voltage, and to output a control command, wherein the resistance values ​​of the first voltage divider resistor and the second voltage divider resistor are determined based on the reference voltage and the charging cutoff voltage.

[0170] Specifically, the voltage divider resistor network 1260 is a sampling circuit formed by connecting the first voltage divider resistor and the second voltage divider resistor in series.

[0171] The first voltage divider resistor is a fixed resistor connected in series at the high potential end of the battery in the voltage sampling circuit. It works with the second voltage divider resistor to complete the voltage proportional distribution.

[0172] The second voltage divider resistor is a fixed resistor connected in series with the first voltage divider resistor. The ratio of the resistance values ​​of the two resistors determines the overall voltage division ratio.

[0173] The voltage sampling signal is based on the principle of resistor voltage division, which converts high voltage into low voltage sampling signal in a fixed ratio.

[0174] The reference voltage is a fixed reference voltage preset in the control comparison module 1220, such as 2.5V, which can be used to determine whether the voltage of a single battery cell has reached the charging cutoff voltage and output the corresponding control command.

[0175] Understandably, the reference voltage of the control comparison module 1220 may differ from or be significantly different from the charging cutoff voltage of a single battery cell. Based on the voltage divider network 1260, which is composed of a first voltage divider resistor and a second voltage divider resistor connected in series, the original voltage of the single battery cell can be proportionally reduced using the voltage divider principle of series resistors to output a low-voltage sampling signal that is compatible with the operating range of the control comparison module 1220. At the same time, by reasonably selecting resistor parameters, static power consumption can be reduced and signal anti-interference capability can be improved while ensuring sampling accuracy. Standardized and high-precision voltage sampling function can be achieved with a simple hardware structure.

[0176] In one example, the voltage sampling unit 1210 may include, for example, Figure 10 The voltage divider resistor network 1260 and compensation capacitor C5 shown are included. The voltage divider resistor network 1260 includes two voltage divider resistors connected in series, namely the first voltage divider resistor R6 and the second voltage divider resistor R7. R6 and R7 are connected in series across the two ends of the battery, which can divide the voltage across the battery to provide a detection voltage for the subsequent control comparison module 1220. Furthermore, the charging cut-off voltage of the battery can be precisely set by matching the resistance values ​​of R6 and R7. C5 is connected in parallel across R6 and connected to the control comparison module 1220. This can filter out high-frequency interference, improve the stability and accuracy of the voltage acquisition of individual cells, and suppress the self-excited oscillation of the control comparison module 1220 loop.

[0177] In one example, the resistance values ​​of R6 and R7 can be set based on the full charge voltage of a single battery cell and the reference voltage of the control comparison module 1220. For example, when the full charge voltage of a single battery cell is 4.2V and the reference voltage of the control comparison module 1220 is 2.5V, the resistance values ​​of resistors R6 and R7 in the voltage sampling unit 1210 must meet the following requirements:

[0178] Based on this, it can be ensured that when the voltage of a single battery cell rises to 4.2V, the control comparison module 1220 also reaches 2.5V, thereby enabling the control comparison module 1220 to operate accurately, achieve overcharge prevention, and ensure battery safety and charging consistency.

[0179] It should be noted that the full charge voltage of the individual battery being 4.2V and the reference voltage of the control comparison module 1220 being 2.5V are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the full charge voltage of the individual battery and the reference voltage of the control comparison module 1220. In other embodiments, the full charge voltage may also be 3V, 5V, and 8.8V, and the reference voltage may also be 0.5V, 1V, and 4V. These are not limited here and can be set according to actual conditions.

[0180] Thus, the voltage sampling circuit includes a voltage divider resistor network 1260, which includes a first voltage divider resistor and a second voltage divider resistor connected in series with the first voltage divider resistor. The voltage divider resistor network 1260 is configured to perform voltage division processing on the collected voltage of the individual battery cell based on the first and second voltage divider resistors to determine the voltage sampling signal, and transmit the voltage sampling signal to the control comparison module 1220. The control comparison module 1220 is configured to determine whether the voltage of the individual battery cell has reached the charging cutoff voltage based on the voltage sampling signal and the reference voltage, and output a control command. The resistance values ​​of the first and second voltage divider resistors are determined based on the reference voltage and the charging cutoff voltage. In this way, the high voltage of the battery is converted into a low voltage signal that the control comparison module 1220 can withstand through the first and second voltage divider resistors, which can protect the control comparison module 1220 and improve the accuracy and precision of voltage sampling, ensuring that the battery always operates within the rated voltage range.

[0181] In some embodiments, the charging electronic circuit 1200 further includes a pull-up resistor connected to a first terminal of the first voltage divider resistor and a first terminal of the battery.

[0182] Specifically, a pull-up resistor is a fixed passive resistor connected between the high potential terminal and the input terminal of the signal loop. It is used to clamp the potential of a floating circuit node, pull the undetermined level to a stable high level, thereby eliminating the floating level problem, and improving the anti-interference capability of the signal loop and speeding up the level response.

[0183] By connecting the pull-up resistor to the voltage divider sampling unit, the potential clamping characteristic of the pull-up resistor can be used to establish a stable reference potential for the input of the sampling circuit, eliminating the floating level phenomenon; at the same time, it suppresses level jumps caused by interference, fixes the charging start and stop threshold, speeds up the circuit potential establishment speed, and ensures that the voltage sampling signal is always stable and accurate, thus ensuring the precise and stable execution of the back-end control logic.

[0184] In one example, the charging sub-circuit 1200 may include, for example: Figure 11 The pull-up resistor R8 shown is used, and the third switch circuit 1230 can be as follows: Figure 11 The transistor shown.

[0185] After a single battery cell is connected to the charging circuit, the potential at the first terminal of the battery is directly transferred to the input terminal of the first voltage divider resistor via the pull-up resistor, quickly establishing a stable high-potential reference for the entire voltage divider network. Since the total voltage of the single battery cell is applied across the first and second voltage divider resistors connected in series, voltage division is completed according to a fixed ratio. The connection node of the two voltage divider resistors continuously outputs a sampling voltage, which is then sent to the control comparison module 1220.

[0186] When the battery voltage is lower than the charging cutoff voltage, the sampling voltage does not reach the set threshold. The control comparison module 1220 outputs a conduction command, the third switch circuit 1230 remains on, the charging circuit works normally, and the battery continues to be charged. As charging progresses, the battery voltage gradually rises, and the voltage divider sampling voltage rises synchronously. When the voltage reaches the charging cutoff threshold, the control comparison module 1220 switches to a cutoff command, the third switch circuit 1230 is disconnected, and the charging process stops.

[0187] When the battery voltage is within the critical threshold range, there is external electromagnetic interference, or the battery experiences a brief period of poor contact, the pull-up resistor continuously clamps the input potential, suppressing level jumps and floating phenomena, ensuring a smooth change in the sampling voltage, and preventing malfunctions in the third switch circuit 1230. Even if the battery is briefly disconnected from the circuit, the pull-up resistor can still maintain the baseline potential of the sampling circuit. When the battery is reconnected, the voltage divider network can instantly resume normal sampling without any startup delay.

[0188] Thus, the charging sub-circuit 1200 also includes a pull-up resistor, which is connected to the first terminal of the first voltage divider resistor and the first terminal of the battery. In this way, the pull-up resistor provides a fixed potential for the sampling input terminal and reduces the influence of electromagnetic noise and line interference on the sampling signal, which can prevent the control comparison module 1220 from making incorrect judgments, ensure the reliability of the charging start-stop logic, and improve the charging control accuracy to a certain extent.

[0189] In some implementations, the control comparison module 1220 includes a reference source; The reference source is configured as follows: Compare the voltage sampling signal with the reference voltage; If the voltage sampling signal is less than the reference voltage, it is determined that the battery voltage is less than the charging cut-off voltage, the reference source is turned off, and the first control command is output. If the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to the reference voltage, determine that the battery voltage is greater than or equal to the charging cut-off voltage, control the reference source to turn on, and output the second control command.

[0190] Specifically, the first control command refers to the electrical signal output by the reference source when the battery voltage is lower than the charging cutoff voltage and the reference source is in the off state. This signal is used to drive the third switching circuit 1230 to remain on and maintain the normal operation of the charging circuit.

[0191] The second control command refers to the electrical signal output by the reference source when the battery voltage reaches or exceeds the charging cutoff voltage. This signal is used to drive the third switch circuit 1230 to switch to the cutoff state, thereby cutting off the charging circuit and terminating charging.

[0192] Based on the constant reference voltage inside the reference source and the voltage sampling signal collected by the voltage sampling unit 1210, it can be determined whether the battery voltage has reached the charging cutoff voltage. The comparison between the battery sampling voltage and the cutoff voltage is completed in hardware form. The reference source switches its own on and off working states according to the voltage magnitude relationship, and outputs two different types of control commands simultaneously. This can drive the third switch circuit 1230 at the back end to complete the switching of the charging circuit. The entire process relies on hardware logic to realize fully automatic control of charging and stopping.

[0193] In one example, such as Figure 12 As shown, the reference source, U1, is a high-precision, low-temperature drift dedicated voltage reference device, such as the TL431 parallel voltage regulator integrated circuit, which can continuously output a standard reference voltage with a fixed amplitude, i.e., the reference voltage. Its output voltage is almost unaffected by power supply fluctuations, ambient temperature changes, and conventional electromagnetic interference.

[0194] The voltage sampling unit 1210 acquires the individual cell voltage in real time based on the first voltage divider resistor R6 and the second voltage divider resistor R7, and sends the standardized sampled voltage signal to the control comparison module 1220. The reference source U1 inside the control comparison module 1220 outputs a reference voltage.

[0195] When the circuit starts working, the voltage of capacitor C4 gradually rises from 0V. When the voltage reaches the third-level turn-on voltage, for example, around 0.7V, the battery is connected to the circuit loop. Assuming the battery voltage is 2V at this time, the voltage of capacitor C4 will continue to rise to 2V. Since the resistance values ​​of R6 and R7 are based on the full charge voltage of the individual battery and the reference voltage of the control comparison module 1220, when the voltage of the individual battery is lower than the charging cut-off voltage, the sampled voltage signal is less than the reference voltage of the reference source, the k-terminal of U1 is cut off, and a high level is generated, i.e., the first control command, which turns on the third switch circuit 1230. After receiving the command, the third switch circuit 1230 remains on, the charging loop is fully connected, and the power output of the flyback power supply continuously charges the individual battery.

[0196] As the charging process progresses, the voltage of each individual battery gradually increases. Once the battery voltage reaches the full charge voltage of 4.2V, which is the charging cutoff voltage, when the battery voltage is greater than or equal to the charging cutoff voltage, the sampled voltage signal is equal to or exceeds the reference voltage. The reference source switches from the off state to the on state. For example, the k terminal of U1 will generate a pull-down level, which is the second control command, causing the third switch circuit 1230 to turn off to stop charging the battery. After responding to the command, the third switch circuit 1230 turns off, the charging circuit is cut off, and the charging operation stops.

[0197] When the voltage of a single battery cell drops due to discharge, and the sampled voltage falls below the reference voltage again, the reference source switches back to the off state and outputs the first control command, reactivating the charging circuit and resuming charging. This process repeats continuously, with the reference source always outputting a stable reference voltage to ensure accurate voltage determination each time. Multiple charging sub-circuits operate synchronously, gradually adjusting the voltage of the entire series-connected battery pack to a uniform standard.

[0198] Thus, the control comparison module 1220 includes a reference source; the reference source is configured to compare a voltage sampling signal and a reference voltage; when the voltage sampling signal is less than the reference voltage, it is determined that the battery voltage is less than the charging cut-off voltage, the reference source is controlled to turn off, and a first control command is output; when the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to the reference voltage, it is determined that the battery voltage is greater than or equal to the charging cut-off voltage, the reference source is controlled to turn on, and a second control command is output. In this way, by determining that the battery voltage is less than the charging cut-off voltage based on the reference voltage of the reference source, the signal response is rapid, and the circuit switching can be completed instantaneously when the battery voltage reaches the threshold, which can improve the voltage judgment accuracy, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of charging protection.

[0199] In some embodiments, the third switching circuit 1230 is configured in at least one of the following ways: Upon receiving the first control command from the control comparison module 1220, the third switch circuit 1230 is turned on, and the battery is charged through the third switch circuit 1230. Upon receiving a second control command from the control comparison module 1220, the third switch circuit 1230 is turned off, stopping the charging of the battery.

[0200] Specifically, the first and second control commands output by the control comparison module 1220 can be connected to the control electrode of the third switching circuit 1230 as trigger signals for state switching. After the voltage sampling unit 1210 continuously collects the battery voltage and sends it to the control comparison module 1220, the control comparison module 1220 can output corresponding commands based on the voltage comparison results. The commands directly determine the on / off state of the third switching circuit 1230. The third switching circuit 1230, as the final execution unit, receives control commands from above and directly manages the battery charging circuit below. The wiring structure and action logic work together to ensure that the charging commands are executed accurately.

[0201] In one example, the voltage output from the flyback switching power supply is rectified and filtered before being connected to the power supply terminal of the third switching circuit 1230. The voltage sampling unit 1210 collects the individual battery voltage in real time and transmits it to the control comparison module 1220. When the individual battery voltage is lower than the charging cutoff voltage, the control comparison module 1220 outputs a first control command. This first control command acts on the control electrode of the third switching circuit 1230, causing it to switch from cutoff to conduction. At this time, the charging circuit is fully connected, and electrical energy flows from the power supply output terminal through the third switching circuit 1230, and then through its collector to the second terminal of the individual battery, continuously charging the battery.

[0202] As charging progresses, the battery voltage gradually rises. When the voltage reaches or exceeds the preset charging cutoff voltage, the control comparison module 1220 switches to output a second control command. Upon receiving the command, the third switching circuit 1230 immediately switches from on to off, cutting off the charging circuit and stopping the charging process. When the battery discharges and the voltage drops below the cutoff voltage, the control comparison module 1220 outputs the first control command again, the third switching circuit 1230 is turned on again, and the charging operation automatically resumes.

[0203] Because the collector of the third switching circuit 1230 is fixedly connected to the second terminal of the battery, the charging current path remains consistent throughout the process, and the leakage current in the circuit is effectively suppressed in the off state. The multi-channel charging sub-circuit 1200 operates in parallel according to completely consistent wiring and operation logic, and each individual battery cell can complete charging and stopping according to uniform rules, gradually adjusting the voltage of the entire battery pack to the same standard.

[0204] Thus, the third switching circuit 1230 is configured to at least one of the following conditions: upon receiving a first control command from the control comparison module 1220, the third switching circuit 1230 is turned on, charging the battery through the third switching circuit 1230; upon receiving a second control command from the control comparison module 1220, the third switching circuit 1230 is turned off, stopping charging the battery. In this way, the operating rules of the third switching circuits 1230 in all charging sub-circuits 1200 are consistent, the on / off thresholds and response speeds of each switch are synchronized, the charging start / stop rhythm of each battery cell is unified, enabling rapid correction of voltage deviations within the battery pack and maintaining long-term balanced performance.

[0205] Please see Figure 13 The present application also provides a battery, including a plurality of individual cells 2000 connected in series and a battery charging circuit 1000. The battery charging circuit 1000 is connected to the plurality of individual cells and is configured to perform charging equalization on each individual cell.

[0206] It is understood that a computer program includes computer program code. Computer program code can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or some intermediate form. Computer-readable storage media can include: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), and software distribution media, etc.

[0207] In this specification, the terms "specifically," "furthermore," "particularly," "understandably," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with embodiments or examples that are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0208] Any process or method description in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of executable request code comprising one or more steps for implementing a particular logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order according to the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0209] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery charging circuit, characterized in that, The battery charging circuit includes a flyback switching power supply sub-circuit and a charging sub-circuit. The flyback switching power supply sub-circuit is configured to convert the input voltage into one or more output voltages. The charging sub-circuit includes one or more charging sub-circuits, each of which is connected to one or more individual batteries. The charging sub-circuit is configured to: The one or more individual battery cells are charged based on one of the one or more output voltages. When the voltage of the individual battery reaches the charging cutoff voltage, charging of the individual battery is stopped.

2. The battery charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flyback switching power supply sub-circuit also includes a power control chip configured to generate drive signals to control the operation of the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit.

3. The battery charging circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flyback switching power supply subcircuit includes a primary winding subcircuit; The primary winding sub-circuit is configured to convert the received input voltage and output the multiple output voltages.

4. The battery charging circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The primary winding sub-circuit includes a first switching circuit and a transformer winding; The first switching circuit connects the power control chip and the transformer winding; The power control chip is configured to output a drive signal to the first switching circuit to control the operation of the first switching circuit. The first switching circuit is configured to control the stored energy or released energy of the transformer winding according to the received drive signal; The transformer windings are configured as follows: When the first switching circuit is turned on, the transformer winding stores electrical energy based on the input voltage; When the first switching circuit is turned off, the transformer winding releases the electrical energy to the charging sub-circuit to output one or more output voltages to the charging sub-circuit.

5. The battery charging circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The transformer winding includes a primary winding and a secondary winding, and the primary winding and the secondary winding are magnetically coupled. The primary winding is configured as follows: When the first switching circuit is turned on, the primary winding stores the electrical energy based on the input voltage; When the first switching circuit is turned off, the primary winding releases electrical energy to the secondary winding; The secondary winding is configured as follows: In response to changes in the magnetic field of the primary winding, an induced electromotive force is generated to output one or more output voltages to the charging electronic circuit based on the induced electromotive force.

6. The battery charging circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The primary winding sub-circuit further includes a first rectifier circuit and / or a first filter circuit; The first rectifier circuit is configured to rectify the input voltage and input it to the transformer winding; The first filter circuit is configured to filter the input voltage and input it to the transformer winding; The transformer winding converts the voltage processed by the first rectifier circuit and / or the first filter circuit to output the multiple output voltages.

7. The battery charging circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first rectifier circuit includes a rectifier bridge, and the first filter circuit includes a first filter capacitor; The first end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the first end of the input voltage source, the second end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the second end of the input voltage source, the third end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the first end of the first filter capacitor and the first end of the transformer winding, and the fourth end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the second end of the first filter capacitor. The first terminal of the first filter capacitor is connected to the third terminal of the input voltage source, and the second terminal of the first filter capacitor is grounded.

8. The battery charging circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The primary winding subcircuit also includes an absorption circuit configured to absorb leakage inductance spike energy when the first switching circuit is turned off.

9. The battery charging circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that, The absorption circuit includes an absorption resistor, an absorption capacitor, and an absorption diode. The positive terminal of the absorption diode is connected to the output terminal of the first rectifier circuit and / or the first filter circuit and the first terminal of the transformer winding. The negative terminal of the absorption diode is connected to the first terminal of the absorption resistor and the first terminal of the absorption capacitor. The second terminal of the absorption resistor is connected to the second terminal of the absorption capacitor, the second terminal of the transformer winding, and the first terminal of the first switching circuit.

10. The battery charging circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The flyback switching power supply subcircuit also includes an auxiliary winding subcircuit, which includes an auxiliary winding, a power supply circuit, and a feedback subcircuit. The auxiliary winding is magnetically coupled to the primary winding sub-circuit, and the auxiliary winding is configured to generate an induced electromotive force in response to changes in the magnetic field of the primary winding sub-circuit. The power supply circuit is configured to output a startup power supply voltage to the power control chip based on the input voltage, so as to start the power control chip; The feedback sub-circuit is configured as follows: After the power control chip is started, the power supply voltage is output to the power control chip based on the induced electromotive force; Based on the induced voltage, the feedback voltage is output to the power control chip to adjust the operating state of the flyback switching power supply sub-circuit.

11. The battery charging circuit according to claim 10, characterized in that, The power supply circuit includes at least a second switching circuit, which is connected to the input voltage source and the power control chip. The second switching circuit is configured to output the startup supply voltage to the power control chip based on the input voltage, so as to start the power control chip; The power control chip is configured to send a cutoff signal to the second switching circuit upon receiving the supply voltage. The second switching circuit is also configured to stop outputting the startup power supply voltage to the power control chip in response to the cutoff signal sent by the power control chip.

12. The battery charging circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging sub-circuit includes a voltage sampling unit, a control comparison module, and a third switching circuit; The voltage sampling unit is configured to collect the voltage of the individual battery cell; The control comparison module is configured to compare the voltage of the individual battery cell with the charging cut-off voltage and output control commands. The third switching circuit is configured as follows: Based on the output voltage, the one or more individual battery cells are charged; Upon receiving the control command, the charging circuit containing the battery is turned on or off to continue or stop charging the one or more individual batteries.

13. The battery charging circuit according to claim 12, characterized in that, The charging sub-circuit further includes a second rectifier circuit and / or a second filter circuit; The second rectifier circuit is configured to rectify the output voltage so that the rectified output voltage can be used to charge the one or more individual cells through the third switching circuit. The second filter circuit is configured to filter the output voltage so that the filtered output voltage can be used to charge the one or more individual batteries through the third switching circuit.

14. The battery charging circuit according to claim 13, characterized in that, The second rectifier circuit includes a rectifier diode, and the second filter circuit includes a second filter capacitor.

15. The battery charging circuit according to claim 12, characterized in that, The voltage sampling circuit includes a voltage divider resistor network, which includes a first voltage divider resistor and a second voltage divider resistor connected in series with the first voltage divider resistor. The voltage divider resistor network is configured to perform voltage division processing on the collected voltage of the single cell based on the first voltage divider resistor and the second voltage divider resistor, determine the voltage sampling signal, and transmit the voltage sampling signal to the control comparison module; The control comparison module is configured to determine whether the voltage of the single cell has reached the charging cutoff voltage based on the voltage sampling signal and the reference voltage, and output the control command, wherein the resistance values ​​of the first voltage divider resistor and the second voltage divider resistor are determined based on the reference voltage and the charging cutoff voltage.

16. The battery charging circuit according to claim 15, characterized in that, The charging sub-circuit also includes a pull-up resistor, which is connected to the first terminal of the first voltage divider resistor and the first terminal of the battery.

17. The battery charging circuit according to claim 15, characterized in that, The control comparison module includes a reference source; The reference source is configured as follows: Compare the voltage sampling signal with the reference voltage; If the voltage sampling signal is less than the reference voltage, it is determined that the battery voltage is less than the charging cut-off voltage, the reference source is controlled to be turned off, and a first control command is output. If the voltage sampling signal is greater than or equal to the reference voltage, it is determined that the battery voltage is greater than or equal to the charging cut-off voltage, the reference source is controlled to be turned on, and a second control command is output.

18. The battery charging circuit according to claim 17, characterized in that, The collector of the third switching circuit is connected to the second terminal of the battery; The third switching circuit is configured in at least one of the following ways: Upon receiving a first control command from the control comparison module, the third switch circuit is turned on, and the battery is charged through the third switch circuit. Upon receiving a second control command from the control comparison module, the third switch circuit is turned off, stopping the charging of the battery.

19. A battery, characterized in that, include: Multiple individual cells connected in series; as well as The battery charging circuit according to any one of claims 1-18, wherein the battery charging circuit is connected to the plurality of individual cells and is configured to perform charging equalization on each of the individual cells.

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