Vehicle power supply system, method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The application relates to a vehicle-mounted power supply system, method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The vehicle-mounted power supply system comprises a battery pack comprising a plurality of battery cells; a plurality of energy storage capacitors; a switch matrix connected to the battery pack, the plurality of energy storage capacitors and a low-voltage output bus, the low-voltage output bus being used for connecting a low-voltage load of a vehicle; and the switch matrix is configured to: in a charging state, connect at least two energy storage capacitors in parallel with at least two battery cells respectively to form a parallel charging loop and charge the at least two energy storage capacitors; and in a low-voltage discharging state, connect the at least two energy storage capacitors in series to the low-voltage output bus to form a low-voltage discharging loop and supply power to the low-voltage load. Through flexible configuration of the switch matrix, the same group of energy storage capacitors can be charged in parallel with the battery cells and connected in series to the low-voltage output bus for discharging; and the excess power released in the battery cell balancing process is effectively utilized for the low-voltage load, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle control technology, and in particular to an on-board power supply system, method, device, electronic device and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, electric vehicles and energy storage devices generally adopt a dual power supply architecture with an independent battery pack (including multiple cells) and an independent 12V auxiliary battery. The cell balancing system is used to manage the voltage consistency of multiple cells in the battery pack; the low-voltage power supply system is used to provide a stable operating voltage for multiple low-voltage load devices in the vehicle.

[0003] However, existing vehicle power supply systems rely on low-voltage auxiliary batteries, which are costly; the cell balancing system can only reuse excess energy within the battery pack, and other excess energy released during the balancing process is directly wasted, resulting in low energy utilization of the entire vehicle. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an on-board power supply system, method, device, electronic device, and storage medium to solve the technical problem that traditional cell balancing systems can only realize energy conversion between cells, and the excess power released during balancing cannot be utilized externally, resulting in low vehicle range and low energy utilization.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an on-board power supply system, the system comprising: A battery pack consists of multiple battery cells; Multiple energy storage capacitors; A switch matrix is ​​connected to the battery pack, the plurality of energy storage capacitors and the low-voltage output bus, the low-voltage output bus being used to connect the low-voltage load of the vehicle; The switch matrix is ​​configured such that, in the charging state, at least two energy storage capacitors are connected in parallel with at least two battery cells to form a parallel charging circuit to charge the at least two energy storage capacitors; and in the low-voltage discharge state, at least two energy storage capacitors are connected in series with the low-voltage output bus to form a low-voltage discharge circuit to supply power to the low-voltage load.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the switching matrix includes: Multiple first switches, each first switch being connected to one end of a battery cell and one end of a storage capacitor; Multiple second switches, each second switch being connected to the other end of the battery cell and the other end of the energy storage capacitor.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the switch matrix further includes: Multiple short-circuit switches, each of which is connected in parallel across one of the energy storage capacitors.

[0008] In one possible implementation: The switch matrix is ​​configured to: in the charging state, close the first switch and the second switch between at least two energy storage capacitors and at least two battery cells, and disconnect the short-circuit switches that are connected in parallel to each of the at least two energy storage capacitors to form the parallel charging circuit and charge the at least two energy storage capacitors. In the low-voltage discharge state, all the first and second switches are disconnected, and the short-circuit switches of at least two energy storage capacitors connected in parallel are disconnected to form the low-voltage discharge circuit and supply power to the low-voltage load.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the switch matrix further includes a plurality of series switches, each of the series switches being connected between two adjacent cells; When the multiple series switches are closed, the multiple battery cells are connected in series to supply power to the high-voltage load of the vehicle.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the system further includes: An output buffer unit is connected between the positive and negative buses of the low-voltage output bus to stabilize the output voltage of the low-voltage output bus.

[0011] Secondly, this application provides an on-board power supply method, applied to an on-board power supply system as described in any one of the first aspects, the method comprising: The cells to be balanced are determined from the plurality of cells; Control the switching matrix to connect at least two cells to be balanced in parallel with at least two energy storage capacitors to form a parallel charging circuit to charge the at least two energy storage capacitors. The switch matrix is ​​controlled to connect at least two charged energy storage capacitors in series to the low-voltage output bus to form a low-voltage discharge circuit and supply power to the low-voltage load of the vehicle.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: The switch matrix is ​​controlled to connect the multiple battery cells in series to supply power to the high-voltage load of the vehicle.

[0013] In one possible implementation, determining the cell to be balanced from the plurality of cells includes: Obtain the voltage of the plurality of battery cells; Cells with voltages greater than or equal to a preset voltage threshold are identified as cells to be balanced.

[0014] Thirdly, this application provides an on-board power supply device, the device comprising: A cell to be balanced determination module is used to determine the cell to be balanced from the plurality of cells; The charging control module is used to control the switching matrix to connect at least two cells to be balanced in parallel with at least two energy storage capacitors to form a parallel charging circuit and to charge the at least two energy storage capacitors. The discharge control module is used to control the switch matrix to connect at least two charged energy storage capacitors in series to the low-voltage output bus to form a low-voltage discharge circuit and supply power to the low-voltage load of the vehicle.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the device is further used for: The switch matrix is ​​controlled to connect the multiple battery cells in series to supply power to the high-voltage load of the vehicle.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the cell to be balanced determination module is specifically used for: Obtain the voltage of the plurality of battery cells; Cells with voltages greater than or equal to a preset voltage threshold are identified as cells to be balanced.

[0017] Fourthly, this application provides an electronic device, including: a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to execute an on-board power supply program stored in the memory to implement the on-board power supply method described in any one of the first aspects.

[0018] Fifthly, this application provides a storage medium storing one or more programs that can be executed by one or more processors to implement the vehicle power supply method described in any one of the first aspects.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided in this application has the following advantages: The vehicle power supply system provided in this application includes: a battery pack, including multiple battery cells; multiple energy storage capacitors; and a switch matrix connected to the battery pack, multiple energy storage capacitors, and a low-voltage output bus. The low-voltage output bus is used to connect the vehicle's low-voltage load. The switch matrix is ​​configured to: in the charging state, connect at least two energy storage capacitors in parallel with at least two battery cells to form a parallel charging circuit to charge at least two energy storage capacitors; and in the low-voltage discharging state, connect at least two energy storage capacitors in series with the low-voltage output bus to form a low-voltage discharging circuit to supply power to the low-voltage load. Through the flexible configuration of the switch matrix, the same group of energy storage capacitors can be charged in parallel with battery cells in the charging state and connected in series with the low-voltage output bus for discharging in the low-voltage discharging state. There is no need to set up a separate low-voltage auxiliary battery and its management circuit, thereby avoiding problems such as short lifespan and the need for regular maintenance of the low-voltage auxiliary battery, and improving the system's reliability and environmental adaptability. In addition, the excess electrical energy released during the cell balancing process is effectively utilized by the energy storage capacitor to low-voltage loads, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference numerals in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an on-board power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A circuit diagram illustrating a charging state provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A circuit diagram illustrating a low-voltage discharge state provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A circuit diagram illustrating a high-voltage discharge state provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5A circuit diagram of a vehicle under high voltage conditions provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating an embodiment of an on-board power supply method provided in this application; Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating an embodiment of another vehicle-mounted power supply method provided in this application; Figure 8 A structural block diagram of an on-board power supply device provided in this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of this application. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples. Such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed.

[0026] To address the technical problem of traditional cell balancing systems, which only enable energy transfer between cells and leave excess energy released during balancing unusable, resulting in low vehicle range and energy efficiency, this application provides an on-board power supply system, method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. Through flexible configuration of the switch matrix, the same set of energy storage capacitors can be connected in parallel with the cells during charging and connected in series with the low-voltage output bus for discharge during low-voltage discharge. This eliminates the need for a separate low-voltage auxiliary battery and its management circuit, thus avoiding the problems of short lifespan and regular maintenance required by low-voltage auxiliary batteries, and improving system reliability and environmental adaptability. Furthermore, by effectively utilizing the excess energy released during cell balancing on low-voltage loads using energy storage capacitors, energy utilization efficiency is improved.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an on-board power supply system provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the system includes: a battery pack, comprising multiple battery cells; and multiple energy storage capacitors; The aforementioned battery pack can refer to an on-board high-voltage energy storage assembly composed of several individual battery cells connected in series, which is the sole basic energy source for the entire on-board power supply system. As the sole or primary energy source for vehicle operation and on-board electrical equipment, its total voltage is typically several hundred volts (e.g., 200V to 1000V), used to provide energy for the vehicle's high-voltage loads (such as drive motors).

[0028] The aforementioned cells refer to the smallest energy storage unit that makes up a battery pack. The rated voltage of a single cell is typically 3.2V / 3.6V.

[0029] Multiple cells can refer to several individual cells that make up a vehicle battery pack. Essentially, it can be understood as a cell array composed of two or more individual cells connected in series. It is the core component of the vehicle battery and is uniformly housed in the battery pack. The number can be adjusted according to the vehicle's voltage requirements.

[0030] Furthermore, the rated voltage of a single cell is typically 3.2V / 3.6V. In order to achieve high-voltage drive, multiple cells are connected end to end through a series switch to form a high-voltage battery pack with a total voltage of typically 200V~1000V, which is used to drive high-voltage loads such as vehicle motors.

[0031] Energy storage capacitor ( Figure 1 The term "energy storage capacitor bank" (as marked in the text) can refer to capacitor elements used to store electrical energy, with each energy storage capacitor having independent charging and discharging capabilities.

[0032] In one embodiment, a switch matrix is ​​connected to the battery pack, multiple energy storage capacitors, and a low-voltage output bus, which is used to connect the low-voltage load of the vehicle. A switch matrix refers to a switch network composed of multiple controllable switches arranged in a specific topology. Driven by control signals from a controller, the switch matrix achieves the construction and switching of different electrical circuits by changing the on / off combinations of each switch. For example, the switches mentioned above can be semiconductor switching devices such as MOSFETs, IGBTs, and relays.

[0033] The low-voltage output bus refers to the common conductive line connecting the switch matrix and all low-voltage loads of the vehicle, typically including a positive bus and a negative bus. As a unified low-voltage power output channel, it operates within a voltage range of 9V to 16V, suitable for vehicle 12V electrical systems. Output buffer units can be connected in parallel on the bus to smooth voltage fluctuations caused by pulse power supply.

[0034] The aforementioned output buffer unit can refer to the connection between the positive and negative buses of the low-voltage output bus, used to stabilize the output voltage of the low-voltage output bus and thus smooth the voltage fluctuations caused by pulse power supply.

[0035] Low-voltage loads can refer to all onboard electrical equipment in a vehicle that operates using low-voltage electrical energy. For example, low-voltage loads may include the BMS mainboard, vehicle controller, various sensors, relays, headlights, horns, remote monitoring modules, etc., and are the energy consumption ends of the low-voltage discharge circuit.

[0036] In one embodiment, the switch matrix is ​​configured to: in the charging state, connect at least two energy storage capacitors in parallel with at least two battery cells to form a parallel charging circuit to charge at least two energy storage capacitors; and in the low-voltage discharge state, connect at least two energy storage capacitors in series with the low-voltage output bus to form a low-voltage discharge circuit to supply power to the low-voltage load.

[0037] The charging state can be understood as the switching matrix operating in an energy storage capacitor mode. In the charging state, by controlling the various paths of the switching matrix, a single energy storage capacitor is connected in parallel with a single battery cell, and the battery cell charges the corresponding energy storage capacitor.

[0038] Low-voltage discharge state refers to the operating mode of the switch matrix outputting low-voltage electrical energy. By disconnecting the connection between the energy storage capacitor and the battery cell, multiple fully charged energy storage cells are connected in series to form a boost circuit. The overall output is adapted to the vehicle's low-voltage system, thus delivering electrical energy to the outside.

[0039] Therefore, the vehicle power supply system provided in this application embodiment can switch the connection mode of the energy storage capacitor between the charging state and the low-voltage discharge state. This allows the same group of energy storage capacitors to be used for parallel charging with the battery cells to obtain battery cell energy, and also to be connected in series with the low-voltage output bus to release energy. One set of hardware simultaneously carries the battery cell energy extraction function and the low-voltage load power supply function, without the need to configure separate hardware circuits for these two functions. This reduces the number of switching devices and energy storage elements, and lowers the system cost and space occupation.

[0040] Furthermore, since the energy storage capacitor can directly supply power to the low-voltage output bus after being connected in series under low-voltage discharge conditions, it is sufficient to replace the independent low-voltage auxiliary battery in the traditional solution as the energy source for low-voltage loads. This avoids the problems of low-voltage auxiliary batteries such as lifespan degradation, periodic maintenance requirements, capacity degradation and charging efficiency reduction in low-temperature environments, and large weight and volume, thus improving the power supply reliability of the system in low-temperature environments.

[0041] In addition, the energy storage capacitor directly obtains electrical energy from the battery cell when charging and directly supplies the stored electrical energy to the low-voltage load when discharging at low voltage. This eliminates the need for additional voltage conversion devices, reduces the number of conversion stages in the energy transfer process from the battery cell to the low-voltage load, reduces energy loss caused by step-by-step conversion, and improves overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0042] In one embodiment, the switch matrix of this application includes a plurality of first switches, each first switch being connected to one end of a battery cell and one end of an energy storage capacitor; and a plurality of second switches, each second switch being connected to the other end of a battery cell and the other end of an energy storage capacitor.

[0043] See Figure 1 As shown, the first switch may include, for example: Figure 1 The following are shown: S1(01), S1(02), S1(03), ..., S1(n). The second switch may include, for example: Figure 1 S2(01), S2(02), S2(03)...S2(n) are shown.

[0044] Battery cells may include, for example Figure 1 The CELL1, CELL2, CELL3...CELLn shown in the diagram are referred to as CELL cells below for ease of description. Energy storage capacitors may include, for example... Figure 1 C1, C2, C3...Cn are shown in the diagram.

[0045] Furthermore, the switch matrix also includes multiple short-circuit switches, each connected in parallel across an energy storage capacitor. The short-circuit switches may include, for example... Figure 1 S3(01), S3(02), S3(03)...S3(n) shown.

[0046] In one embodiment, during the charging state, the switch matrix is ​​configured to: close the first and second switches between at least two energy storage capacitors and at least two battery cells, and disconnect the short-circuit switches that are connected in parallel to each of the at least two energy storage capacitors, forming a parallel charging circuit to charge the at least two energy storage capacitors.

[0047] Figure 2 A circuit diagram illustrating a charging state is provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, for example, close the first switch S1 (01), S1 (02) and S1 (03), and the second switch S2 (01), S2 (02) and S2 (03); open the short-circuit switches S3 (01), S3 (02) and S3 (03) of the energy storage capacitors C1, C2 and C3, so that three parallel charging circuits can be formed to charge the energy storage capacitors C1, C2 and C3.

[0048] In one embodiment, under low-voltage discharge conditions, the switch matrix is ​​configured to: disconnect all the first and second switches, and disconnect the short-circuit switches of at least two energy storage capacitors connected in parallel, forming a low-voltage discharge circuit to supply power to the low-voltage load.

[0049] Figure 3 A circuit diagram illustrating a low-voltage discharge state is provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 3As shown, disconnect all the first and second switches, and disconnect the short-circuit switches S3(01), S3(02), and S3(03) of the energy storage capacitors C1, C2, and C3; the remaining short-circuit switches are closed normally. In this case, as shown... Figure 3 The diagram shows that a low-voltage discharge circuit can be formed to supply power to a low-voltage load.

[0050] In one embodiment, the switch matrix further includes multiple series switches, each series switch being connected between two adjacent cells; see also Figure 1 As shown, the series switches mentioned above may include S0(01), S0(02), S0(03)...S0(n-1).

[0051] A series switch can refer to a controllable switching device installed in a switch matrix to conduct or cut off the electrical path between two adjacent battery cells.

[0052] In one embodiment, the aforementioned switch matrix can also be configured to supply power to a high-voltage load, including: when multiple series switches are closed, multiple battery cells are connected in series to supply power to the high-voltage load of the vehicle.

[0053] High-voltage loads refer to high-power electrical equipment in a vehicle that operates using high-voltage electrical energy output from the battery pack. For example, high-voltage loads may include high-power onboard equipment such as the vehicle drive motor and motor controller.

[0054] It should be noted that while the vehicle is operating under high voltage and high voltage loads, the switching matrix can still simultaneously perform parallel charging and series low voltage discharge processes of the energy storage capacitors, using the surplus energy of the battery cells to provide redundant power supply for the low voltage loads. The two paths of high voltage power supply and low voltage balanced power supply do not conflict with each other.

[0055] "Vehicle high voltage" can refer to the state where the entire vehicle is powered on at high voltage. Essentially, it can be understood as closing the series switch of the battery pack, allowing the high-voltage DC power (usually 200V~1000V) of the power battery pack to be output to the high-voltage bus, supplying power to high-voltage loads such as the drive motor, air conditioning compressor, and DC-DC converter. It can also be understood as the state in which the vehicle starts its high-voltage system, preparing to drive or output high power.

[0056] "Vehicle not powered by high voltage" can refer to a state where the vehicle is not energized by high voltage. This can be understood as the vehicle being in a state where the high-voltage relay is disconnected and the high-voltage bus is not energized. At this time, the vehicle is usually in a parked, hibernation, charging preheating, or maintenance state. The high-voltage load is not working, and only low voltage is needed to power low-voltage loads such as controllers, sensors, and communication modules.

[0057] Figure 4 A circuit diagram illustrating a high-voltage discharge state provided in an embodiment of this application is shown below. Figure 4As shown, closing all the series switches allows multiple battery cells to be connected in series to supply power to the vehicle's high-voltage load.

[0058] Therefore, the vehicle power supply system provided in this application embodiment can simultaneously supply power to both high-voltage and low-voltage loads of the vehicle. Specifically, this application, through the same set of hardware and the same set of energy storage capacitors, can supply power to low-voltage loads when the vehicle is not under high voltage, and can also supply power to high-voltage loads when the vehicle is under high voltage, while still retaining the ability to supply power to low-voltage loads.

[0059] For example, when the vehicle is not connected to high voltage, only the low-voltage load of the vehicle needs to be supplied with electrical energy. See [link to relevant documentation] for details. Figure 2 , Figure 3 The diagrams shown illustrate the charging and low-voltage discharging states, demonstrating how the battery cell's power can be directly supplied to low-voltage load devices without relying on a 12V auxiliary battery, thus reducing battery costs.

[0060] For example, under high voltage conditions across the entire vehicle, Figure 5 A circuit diagram of a high-voltage state on a vehicle provided in this application embodiment is shown below. Figure 5 As shown, when all series switches are closed, the individual battery cells are connected in series to form a complete high-voltage circuit, and the battery pack continuously outputs high-power high-voltage electrical energy to high-voltage loads such as drive motors. At the same time, energy storage capacitors C1, C2, and C3 supply power to low-voltage loads. The high-voltage power output of the battery cells and the low-voltage discharge of the energy storage capacitors operate in parallel, and the two circuits do not interfere with each other.

[0061] Therefore, the vehicle-without-high-voltage mode solves the problems of standby power supply and static cell balancing when the vehicle is parked; while the vehicle-with-high-voltage mode solves the problems of driving power output, dynamic balancing, and low-voltage redundancy safety. The two modes can be switched seamlessly, fully covering all operating conditions of the vehicle, including sleep, driving, and charging. Furthermore, in both static sleep and dynamic driving scenarios, the excess energy of the high-voltage cells is collected by the energy storage capacitor and supplied to the low-voltage load. Unlike traditional balancing methods that only circulate energy within the cells, this achieves secondary utilization of balancing energy in all scenarios, reducing energy loss and improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the vehicle.

[0062] The vehicle power supply system provided in this application includes: a battery pack comprising multiple battery cells; multiple energy storage capacitors; and a switch matrix connected to the battery pack, the multiple energy storage capacitors, and a low-voltage output bus, the low-voltage output bus being used to connect the vehicle's low-voltage load. The switch matrix is ​​configured to: in the charging state, connect at least two energy storage capacitors in parallel with at least two battery cells respectively to form a parallel charging circuit, charging the at least two energy storage capacitors; and in the low-voltage discharging state, connect at least two energy storage capacitors in series with the low-voltage output bus to form a low-voltage discharging circuit, supplying power to the low-voltage load. Through the flexible configuration of the switch matrix, the same group of energy storage capacitors can be charged in parallel with battery cells in the charging state, and connected in series with the low-voltage output bus for discharging in the low-voltage discharging state. This eliminates the need for a separate low-voltage auxiliary battery and its management circuit, thus avoiding problems such as short lifespan and the need for regular maintenance associated with low-voltage auxiliary batteries, improving the system's reliability and environmental adaptability. Furthermore, by effectively utilizing the excess energy released during the battery cell balancing process using the energy storage capacitors for the low-voltage load, energy utilization efficiency is improved.

[0063] Figure 6 This application provides a flowchart of an embodiment of an on-board power supply method, mainly describing how to control the switching matrix and the energy storage capacitor to supply power to the low-voltage load in a scenario where the vehicle does not use high voltage; including the following steps: Step 601: Identify the cells to be balanced from multiple cells.

[0064] A cell awaiting equalization refers to a single cell within a battery pack whose voltage is too high and requires the release of excess charge to reduce the voltage difference between cells. For an example, see [link to example]. Figure 2 The cells CELL1, CELL2, and CELL3 shown are the cells to be balanced.

[0065] In one embodiment, determining the cell to be balanced from a plurality of cells includes: acquiring the voltage of the plurality of cells; and identifying the cell whose voltage is greater than or equal to a preset voltage threshold as the cell to be balanced.

[0066] The preset voltage threshold refers to a pre-written or pre-set voltage judgment value, which serves as the dividing line between ordinary battery cells and cells to be balanced. This threshold can be modified according to the cell type and vehicle calibration strategy; it can be understood that if the cell voltage exceeds this value, it is determined that there is excess power and it needs to participate in the power balancing process.

[0067] For example, the preset voltage threshold can be set or modified during the electric vehicle manufacturing or vehicle calibration phase. This threshold can be flexibly calibrated according to the battery pack capacity and cell material, adapting to different vehicle battery systems and exhibiting strong versatility.

[0068] Specifically, the controller collects the voltage value of each cell in the battery pack; voltage sampling can be performed periodically by the controller according to a set sampling period. The collected voltage value of each cell is compared with a preset voltage threshold. If the voltage value of a cell is greater than or equal to the preset voltage threshold, the cell is marked as a "cell to be balanced"; if it is lower than the preset voltage threshold, it will not be included in the subsequent charging process.

[0069] In one possible implementation, the preset voltage threshold is the average voltage of the plurality of cells. That is, the controller first calculates the average voltage of all cells, and then uses this average value as a threshold to identify cells with voltages greater than or equal to the average value as cells to be balanced. It should be noted that if the average voltage of each cell is determined as the preset voltage threshold, the average voltage must be greater than or equal to the minimum safety protection voltage of each cell.

[0070] The minimum safe protection voltage here can be understood as the lowest voltage value that a battery cell is allowed to reach during discharge to ensure its safety, lifespan, and performance. When the cell voltage falls below this value, irreversible chemical damage may occur inside the cell, leading to permanent capacity decay, increased internal resistance, and even safety risks.

[0071] In another possible implementation, the preset voltage threshold can be a pre-set fixed voltage value.

[0072] For example, suppose there are 6 battery cells in the battery pack. The controller obtains the voltage of each cell through voltage sampling as follows: CELL1 (3.65V), CELL2 (3.58V), CELL3 (3.72V), CELL4 (3.55V), CELL5 (3.68V), and CELL6 (3.62V); assume the voltage threshold is fixed at 3.60V. The controller compares the voltage of each cell with 3.60V and identifies the cells with a voltage ≥ 3.60V: Cell1 (3.65V), Cell3 (3.72V), Cell5 (3.68V), and Cell6 (3.62V), a total of 4 cells, all of which are identified as cells to be balanced.

[0073] By following the steps above, cells with higher voltage are selected as cells to be balanced. These cells are then used to charge the energy storage capacitor, which does not consume the energy of cells with lower voltage. This prevents large voltage differences between cells and thus extends the overall lifespan of the battery.

[0074] Step 602: Control the switch matrix to connect at least two cells to be balanced in parallel with at least two energy storage capacitors to form a parallel charging circuit to charge at least two energy storage capacitors.

[0075] A parallel charging circuit can refer to an independent closed electrical circuit consisting of a single battery cell, a corresponding first switch, a second switch, and a single energy storage capacitor, such as... Figure 2 As shown. Under the condition that the whole vehicle is not under high voltage, by turning on the switch at both ends of the battery cell and the energy storage capacitor, the battery cell and the energy storage capacitor are made to be at the same potential. The battery cell transfers charge to the energy storage capacitor to complete the energy storage, while consuming the excess voltage of the battery cell and realizing the balanced discharge of the battery cell.

[0076] In one embodiment, the controller issues switch on / off commands to control the switch matrix, which connects multiple groups of selected cells to be balanced to energy storage capacitors one-to-one to construct multiple independent parallel charging circuits, and uses the surplus energy of the cells to charge the energy storage capacitors synchronously.

[0077] Specifically, the controller establishes a one-to-one pairing relationship between each cell to be balanced and a storage capacitor. For each cell and storage capacitor, the controller outputs a control signal to disconnect the short-circuit switches of all storage capacitors. If the short-circuit switches are closed, the two ends of the storage capacitors are short-circuited, preventing the establishment of an effective voltage and the extraction of energy from the cells. Therefore, the short-circuit switches must be opened to allow the storage capacitors to receive charging current normally.

[0078] Furthermore, the first and second switches connected between the battery cell and the energy storage capacitor are closed. After the first and second switches are closed simultaneously, a complete parallel electrical connection is formed between the battery cell and the energy storage capacitor; the battery cell outputs current to the energy storage capacitor, and the voltage of the energy storage capacitor gradually increases from its current value.

[0079] Once all the energy storage capacitors involved in the charging process have completed charging, the controller outputs a control signal to disconnect all closed first and second switches, thus de-energizing each energy storage capacitor from its corresponding battery cell. At this point, each energy storage capacitor has stored electrical energy and is in a floating state (without any external circuit connected at its two ends, and the short-circuit switch remaining open), awaiting the subsequent low-voltage discharge state.

[0080] For example, suppose the battery pack selects three cells to be balanced: CELL1 (3.35V), CELL3 (3.32V), and CELL4 (3.31V). Three energy storage capacitors, C1, C3, and C4, are matched: The short-circuit switches S1(1), S1(3), and S3(4) at each end of C1, C3, and C4 are disconnected; S1(1) and S2(1) corresponding to CELL1 are closed, forming a parallel charging circuit between CELL1 and C1, charging C1 to 3.35V; S1(3) and S2(3) corresponding to CELL3 are simultaneously closed, forming a parallel charging circuit between CELL3 and C3, charging C3 to 3.32V; S1(4) and S2(4) corresponding to CELL4 are simultaneously closed, forming a parallel charging circuit between CELL4 and C4, charging C4 to 3.31V; When voltage sampling detects that the voltage of the three capacitors is equal to the voltage of the corresponding cell, charging is considered complete, and all first and second switches are disconnected.

[0081] By using the above steps to select high-voltage cells to charge the capacitors, only the excess power of the cells is consumed, without lowering the voltage of low-voltage cells, thus preventing the cell voltage difference from widening and extending the overall lifespan of the battery pack. Furthermore, each charging circuit is independent of each other, and multiple sets of capacitors are charged synchronously in parallel, resulting in cell balancing and a significant improvement in capacitor energy storage efficiency. Active cell balancing is completed synchronously during the charging process, eliminating the need for additional independent balancing hardware, enabling hardware reuse, reducing the number of components in the vehicle, and lowering costs.

[0082] Step 603: Control the switch matrix to connect at least two charged energy storage capacitors in series to the low-voltage output bus to form a low-voltage discharge circuit and supply power to the vehicle's low-voltage load.

[0083] A low-voltage discharge circuit can refer to a closed power supply circuit composed of multiple fully charged energy storage capacitors, interconnecting paths between these capacitors, a low-voltage output bus, and the vehicle's low-voltage load. Figure 3 As shown. Disconnect the switch between the battery cell and the energy storage capacitor, break the parallel short circuit of each energy storage capacitor, connect multiple energy storage capacitors in series to raise the total voltage, and output electrical energy adapted to the vehicle's low voltage to supply the low-voltage load.

[0084] In one embodiment, after all the energy storage capacitors have completed parallel charging, the controller controls the switch matrix again to disconnect all paths between the cells and capacitors, and connects multiple fully charged energy storage capacitors in series to form a low-voltage discharge circuit to continuously output electrical energy to the low-voltage load of the entire vehicle.

[0085] Specifically, the controller first confirms that all energy storage capacitors planned to participate in series discharge have completed the charging process, and that the first and second switches between each energy storage capacitor and its corresponding cell are completely disconnected, with each energy storage capacitor in a floating state (the short-circuit switch remains open). The controller outputs a control signal to control the relevant switches in the switch matrix, connecting at least two charged energy storage capacitors in series sequentially. The positive terminal of the series combination (i.e., the positive terminal of the first energy storage capacitor) is connected to the positive bus of the low-voltage output bus, and the negative terminal of the series combination (i.e., the negative terminal of the last energy storage capacitor) is connected to the negative bus of the low-voltage output bus, forming a low-voltage discharge circuit.

[0086] For example, suppose the controller confirms that C1, C2, and C3 have all been fully charged, and that the first and second switches between the corresponding cells are open, and short-circuit switches S3(1), S3(2), and S3(3) are all open. Close all the remaining short-circuit switches: S3(4), S3(5), S3(6)...S3(n) to form a low-voltage discharge circuit. Power is supplied to the low-voltage load.

[0087] Through the above Figure 6 The embodiments shown in the illustration demonstrate that the same set of switch matrices successively implements parallel charging topology and series discharging topology. One set of hardware takes into account both cell balancing and low-voltage power supply functions, resulting in high hardware reusability and improved resource utilization.

[0088] Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating an embodiment of another vehicle-mounted power supply method provided in this application is shown. Figure 8 Based on the illustrated process, this section mainly describes how to control the switching matrix to power low-voltage loads and high-voltage scenarios on vehicles, while simultaneously controlling the battery cells to power high-voltage loads; including the following steps: Step 701: Identify the cells to be balanced from multiple cells.

[0089] Step 702: Control the switch matrix to connect at least two cells to be balanced in parallel with at least two energy storage capacitors to form a parallel charging circuit to charge at least two energy storage capacitors.

[0090] Step 703: Control the switch matrix to connect at least two charged energy storage capacitors in series to the low-voltage output bus to form a low-voltage discharge circuit and supply power to the vehicle's low-voltage load.

[0091] For steps 701-703 above, please refer to the above. Figure 6 The relevant description of the illustrated embodiment.

[0092] Step 704: Control the switch matrix to connect multiple battery cells in series to supply power to the vehicle's high-voltage load.

[0093] In one embodiment, the controller controls all series switches in the switch matrix to close simultaneously, so that all cells in the battery pack are connected in series from end to end to form a complete high-voltage power supply circuit, continuously supplying high-voltage power to the high-voltage load of the vehicle. Moreover, this high-voltage power supply process is synchronized and parallel with the low-voltage power supply process of the energy storage capacitor, without interfering with each other.

[0094] For example, suppose the battery pack contains 8 series cells, and each pair of cells is connected by a series switch S0(1) to S0(7); when the vehicle is driving in a high-voltage scenario, the controller controls all series switches to close, the 8 cells are connected in series, the high-voltage bus is connected to drive the motor, and the motor obtains high-voltage power output; at the same time, 3 cells, such as CELL1, CELL2, and CELL3, are selected to charge and discharge the energy storage capacitor, providing backup power for low-voltage loads such as instruments, and the driving power and low-voltage redundancy operate synchronously.

[0095] Through the above Figure 7 The detailed description of the relevant embodiments achieves basic power supply for vehicle operation: battery cells are connected in series to form a high-voltage circuit, meeting the power needs of high-power high-voltage equipment such as vehicle driving, fast charging, and air conditioning heating and cooling, ensuring the basic driving functions of the vehicle; at the same time, energy storage capacitors are connected in series to provide power to low-voltage loads, ensuring the normal operation of low-voltage load equipment. Throughout the driving process, driving power is output while the battery cells are balanced in real time and low-voltage backup power is stored, making full use of the surplus energy of the battery cells and improving the overall energy utilization rate of the vehicle.

[0096] Figure 8 This application provides a structural block diagram of an on-board power supply device, the device comprising: The cell to be balanced determination module 81 is used to determine the cell to be balanced from the plurality of cells; The charging control module 82 is used to control the switching matrix to connect at least two cells to be balanced in parallel with at least two energy storage capacitors to form a parallel charging circuit and to charge the at least two energy storage capacitors. The discharge control module 83 is used to control the switch matrix to connect at least two charged energy storage capacitors in series to the low-voltage output bus to form a low-voltage discharge circuit and supply power to the low-voltage load of the vehicle.

[0097] In one possible implementation, the device is further used for: The switch matrix is ​​controlled to connect the multiple battery cells in series to supply power to the high-voltage load of the vehicle.

[0098] In one possible implementation, the cell to be balanced determination module is specifically used for: Obtain the voltage of the plurality of battery cells; Cells with voltages greater than or equal to a preset voltage threshold are identified as cells to be balanced.

[0099] like Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 A schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in this application embodiment includes a processor 111, a communication interface 112, a memory 113, and a communication bus 114, wherein the processor 111, the communication interface 112, and the memory 113 communicate with each other through the communication bus 114. Memory 113 is used to store computer programs; In one embodiment of this application, when the processor 111 executes the program stored in the memory 113, it implements the vehicle power supply method provided in any of the foregoing method embodiments, including: The cells to be balanced are determined from the plurality of cells; Control the switching matrix to connect at least two cells to be balanced in parallel with at least two energy storage capacitors to form a parallel charging circuit to charge the at least two energy storage capacitors. The switch matrix is ​​controlled to connect at least two charged energy storage capacitors in series to the low-voltage output bus to form a low-voltage discharge circuit and supply power to the low-voltage load of the vehicle.

[0100] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the vehicle power supply method provided in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0101] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0102] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented using software plus a general-purpose hardware platform, or of course, using hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the parts that contribute to the related technology, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0103] It should be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “described” as used herein may also mean including the plural forms. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” and “having” are inclusive and therefore indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not construed as requiring them to be performed in a particular order described or illustrated unless the order of performance is explicitly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

[0104] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted power supply system, characterized in that, The system includes: A battery pack consists of multiple battery cells; Multiple energy storage capacitors; A switch matrix is ​​connected to the battery pack, the plurality of energy storage capacitors and the low-voltage output bus, the low-voltage output bus being used to connect the low-voltage load of the vehicle; The switch matrix is ​​configured such that, in the charging state, at least two energy storage capacitors are connected in parallel with at least two battery cells to form a parallel charging circuit to charge the at least two energy storage capacitors; and in the low-voltage discharge state, at least two energy storage capacitors are connected in series with the low-voltage output bus to form a low-voltage discharge circuit to supply power to the low-voltage load.

2. The vehicle-mounted power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching matrix includes: Multiple first switches, each first switch being connected to one end of a battery cell and one end of a storage capacitor; Multiple second switches, each second switch being connected to the other end of the battery cell and the other end of the energy storage capacitor.

3. The vehicle-mounted power supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The switching matrix also includes: Multiple short-circuit switches, each of which is connected in parallel across one of the energy storage capacitors.

4. The vehicle-mounted power supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The switch matrix is ​​configured to: in the charging state, close the first switch and the second switch between at least two energy storage capacitors and at least two battery cells, and disconnect the short-circuit switches that are connected in parallel to each of the at least two energy storage capacitors to form the parallel charging circuit and charge the at least two energy storage capacitors. In the low-voltage discharge state, all the first and second switches are disconnected, and the short-circuit switches of at least two energy storage capacitors connected in parallel are disconnected to form the low-voltage discharge circuit and supply power to the low-voltage load.

5. The vehicle-mounted power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switch matrix also includes multiple series switches, each of which is connected between two adjacent cells; When the multiple series switches are closed, the multiple battery cells are connected in series to supply power to the high-voltage load of the vehicle.

6. The vehicle-mounted power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes: An output buffer unit is connected between the positive and negative buses of the low-voltage output bus to stabilize the output voltage of the low-voltage output bus.

7. A vehicle-mounted power supply method, characterized in that, Applied to any one of claims 1-6, the method comprises: The cells to be balanced are determined from the plurality of cells; Control the switching matrix to connect at least two cells to be balanced in parallel with at least two energy storage capacitors to form a parallel charging circuit to charge the at least two energy storage capacitors. The switch matrix is ​​controlled to connect at least two charged energy storage capacitors in series to the low-voltage output bus to form a low-voltage discharge circuit and supply power to the low-voltage load of the vehicle.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: The switch matrix is ​​controlled to connect the multiple battery cells in series to supply power to the high-voltage load of the vehicle.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cells to be balanced are determined from the plurality of cells, including: Obtain the voltage of the plurality of battery cells; Cells with voltages greater than or equal to a preset voltage threshold are identified as cells to be balanced.

10. A vehicle-mounted power supply device, characterized in that, The device includes: A cell to be balanced determination module is used to determine the cell to be balanced from the plurality of cells; The charging control module is used to control the switching matrix to connect at least two cells to be balanced in parallel with at least two energy storage capacitors to form a parallel charging circuit and to charge the at least two energy storage capacitors. The discharge control module is used to control the switch matrix to connect at least two charged energy storage capacitors in series to the low-voltage output bus to form a low-voltage discharge circuit and supply power to the low-voltage load of the vehicle.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A processor and a memory, the processor being configured to execute an on-board power supply program stored in the memory to implement the on-board power supply method according to any one of claims 7-9.

12. A storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores one or more programs, which can be executed by one or more processors to implement the vehicle power supply method according to any one of claims 7-9.

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