Variable-reluctance rotary energy harvester for vehicle axle

Abstract

The application discloses a variable-reluctance rotating energy capturer for a vehicle shaft system in the field of power generation devices, and comprises a shell rotatably connected to a rotating shaft, a stator assembly fixedly arranged on the shell and achieving modulation of magnetic reluctance through an inner stator and an outer stator, and a rotor assembly rotatably arranged on the rotating shaft and comprising a plurality of magnetic field units arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft; each magnetic field unit is an electromagnet structure, the plurality of magnetic field units are located between the inner stator and the outer stator, and each of the plurality of magnetic field units has an air gap with the inner stator and the outer stator. The application has the beneficial effect that, compared with the existing single-sided stator and simple magnetic pole, the magnetic reluctance change is more obvious, the magnetic flux path is more concentrated, and the output performance is higher by arranging the H-shaped iron core as the rotor and the inner tooth ring and the outer tooth ring as the inner stator and the outer stator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power generation devices, and more specifically to a variable reluctance rotary energy harvester for vehicle axle systems. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of rotating machinery, small electromechanical systems, vehicle transmission components, and distributed low-power electronic systems, energy harvesting using environmental mechanical energy has become an important research direction in the field of energy recovery. Rotating systems generally have continuous and stable mechanical inputs during operation. Therefore, rotating energy harvesters are more likely to obtain continuous energy inputs compared to pure vibration energy harvesters. Variable magnetoresistance energy harvesting technology has become one of the important routes in rotating energy harvesting research due to its high output power, mature structure, and strong adaptability.

[0003] Existing rotating energy harvesting technologies mainly include piezoelectric, magnetoelectric, triboelectric, and hybrid types. While piezoelectric energy harvesters offer high power density, they typically rely on vibration or periodic impacts, resulting in low output current, high internal resistance, and the piezoelectric material's susceptibility to fatigue and aging under long-term alternating stress, leading to low reliability. Triboelectric energy harvesters suffer from short lifespans due to prolonged material contact, and their output power is affected by humidity. Hybrid types integrate two or more physical effects, resulting in complex circuitry. Magnetoelectric rotating energy harvesters include permanent magnet-cutting-coil types and variable reluctance types. The permanent magnet-cutting-coil type typically generates an induced electromotive force directly through the relative motion between the permanent magnet and the coil, offering a straightforward structure, but often placing high demands on installation space, coil arrangement, and mechanical reliability in rotating environments. The variable reluctance type achieves magnetic flux alternation through the periodic change of magnetic reluctance in the magnetic circuit, inducing a voltage in the fixed winding. Compared to directly cutting magnetic lines of force, the variable reluctance method allows the permanent magnet and coil to maintain a relatively stationary relationship, offering advantages in structural stability and long-term reliability. In contrast, variable magnetoresistance energy traps are more suitable for continuous and stable power generation in rotating environments.

[0004] Existing variable reluctance rotary energy harvesters mostly employ a single-tooth ring stator or a simple magnetic pole rotor structure. Their basic principle is that when the rotor, equipped with permanent magnets, rotates, the relative position between the rotor poles and the stator slots continuously changes, causing periodic changes in the air gap reluctance, which in turn induces a change in magnetic flux and a voltage in the coil. While this type of structure can achieve energy harvesting, it still suffers from drawbacks such as insufficient single-sided reluctance modulation, a relatively long magnetic flux closed loop, and limited output performance.

[0005] To address this, we propose a variable reluctance rotary energy trap for vehicle axle systems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a variable reluctance rotary energy trap for vehicle axle systems.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A variable reluctance rotary energy trap for vehicle axle systems includes: a housing rotatably connected to a rotating shaft; The stator assembly is fixed on the housing and achieves magnetic reluctance modulation through the inner stator and the outer stator; The rotor assembly is rotatably mounted on a rotating shaft and includes several magnetic field units arranged in a ring around the circumference of the rotating shaft. Each magnetic field unit is an electromagnet structure. The magnetic field units are located between the inner stator and the outer stator and have air gaps between them and both the inner stator and the outer stator. Each magnetic field unit includes two external permanent magnetic field branches and two permanent internal magnetic field branches. The external permanent magnetic field branches are coupled to the outer stator, and the internal permanent magnetic field branches are coupled to the inner stator.

[0008] By configuring the stator assembly as an inner stator and an outer stator, and configuring the rotor assembly as including two external magnetic field branches and two internal magnetic field branches, the air gaps on both sides of the rotor assembly simultaneously participate in reluctance modulation when the rotor is driven to rotate by the shaft. Compared with a single-sided toothed ring structure, a larger reluctance change amplitude can be obtained, which effectively improves the magnetic flux modulation capability. Furthermore, configuring the magnetic field unit of the rotor assembly as a structure of an electromagnet plus four permanent magnetic field branches ensures that the magnetic flux has a clear closed path in the rotor assembly, which is beneficial to improving the effective magnetic flux utilization rate and reducing magnetic leakage.

[0009] Further defining the housing, the housing includes a first end cover and a second end cover, which are disposed opposite to each other. The first end cover and the second end cover have through holes for the rotating shaft to pass through, and the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the first end cover and the second end cover via bearings.

[0010] Further defining the stator assembly, it includes an internal gear ring and an external gear ring, with the internal gear ring serving as the internal stator and the external gear ring as the external stator. A connecting cylinder is provided on the axial inner side of the center of the first end cover. A first retaining groove is provided inwardly on the outer wall of the end face of the connecting cylinder. A first retaining ring adjacent to the first retaining groove is provided on the outer wall of the connecting cylinder behind the first retaining groove. A second retaining groove is provided inwardly on the end face of the first end cover. The depth of the second retaining groove matches the thickness of the external gear ring. A second retaining ring adjacent to the second retaining groove is provided on the inner wall of the first end cover behind the second retaining groove. The internal gear ring is sleeved on the first retaining groove and is interference-fitted with the first retaining groove. The external gear ring is engaged in the second retaining groove and is interference-fitted with the second retaining groove. The tooth tip area of ​​the internal gear ring is smaller than that of the external gear ring.

[0011] By setting an installation cylinder, a first retaining groove is opened on the outer wall of the installation cylinder, and a first stop block is set, the inner ring of the internal gear ring is sleeved in the first retaining groove on the connecting cylinder and contacts the first stop block. By opening a second retaining groove on the inner wall of the first end cover and setting a second stop block, the outer ring of the external gear ring is snapped into the second retaining groove. The structure is simple.

[0012] Further defining the rotor assembly, it includes an H-shaped iron core, coils, a first outer magnet, a second outer magnet, a first inner magnet, a second inner magnet, a rotor support, and a rotor cover plate; The iron core includes two vertical arms on both sides and a horizontal bar in the middle. The coil is wound on the horizontal bar. The output end of the coil is connected to the rectifier circuit. The first and second outer magnets are fixed on the outer end faces of the two vertical arms respectively. The first and second inner magnets are fixed on the inner end faces of the two vertical arms respectively. The magnetic poles of the first and second outer magnets are opposite. The magnetic poles of the first outer magnet and the first inner magnet are opposite. The magnetic poles of the first inner magnet and the second inner magnet are opposite. The rotor support is disc-shaped with a concave cross-section and is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft. The convex ring end face of the rotor support is provided with positioning protrusions. The number of positioning protrusions is the same as the number of intervals between adjacent iron cores, and the width is the same as the distance between adjacent iron cores. The convex ring end face between adjacent positioning protrusions is recessed with a positioning recess with the same width as the coil. The rotor cover plate is fixedly connected to the end face of the positioning protrusions to fix the iron core. There is an air gap between the first outer magnet, the second outer magnet and the tooth tip of the corresponding outer tooth ring, and there is an air gap between the first inner magnet, the second inner magnet and the tooth tip of the corresponding inner tooth ring. The areas of the first outer magnet and the second outer magnet are matched with the tooth tip area of ​​the outer tooth ring, and the areas of the first inner magnet and the second inner magnet are matched with the tooth tip area of ​​the inner tooth ring.

[0013] The first outer magnet, the second outer magnet, the first inner magnet, and the second inner magnet provide the initial magnetic field. The magnetic flux forms a closed magnetic circuit through the iron core, the inner toothed ring, the outer toothed ring, and the corresponding air gap. When the shaft rotates, the shaft drives the rotor assembly to rotate. The four ends of the vertical arms on both sides of the H-shaped iron core will continuously pass through the tooth tips and grooves of the inner and outer toothed rings. When the outer magnet is aligned with the tooth tips of the outer toothed ring and the inner magnet is aligned with the tooth tips of the inner toothed ring, the local magnetic conduction area is large and the magnetic resistance is small. When the outer magnet is misaligned with the tooth tips of the outer toothed ring and the inner magnet is misaligned, the magnetic resistance is small. When the rotor core is misaligned with the tooth tip of the internal gear ring, the local magnetic field area is small and the magnetic resistance is small, causing the equivalent magnetic resistance of the inner and outer air gaps to change periodically. As the magnetic resistance changes, the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit also changes periodically with time, which in turn causes the magnetic flux in the coil wound on the iron core crossbar to change. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, an alternating induced voltage is generated at both ends of the coil, realizing the purpose of converting rotational mechanical energy into electrical energy. The use of an H-shaped rotor iron core and a four-end permanent magnet structure of the vertical arm makes the magnetic flux path more concentrated.

[0014] Further, the positioning protrusion has limiting protrusions on both sides, and the outer side of the vertical arm has a limiting groove corresponding to the limiting protrusions.

[0015] This design of limiting protrusions and limiting grooves makes the positioning protrusions and iron core more securely fixed.

[0016] Further specifying the induced voltage of each magnetic field unit The calculation steps are as follows: S1. Calculate the total magnetic reluctance of the inner branch and the total magnetic reluctance of the outer branch. First, establish the magnetic field branch model of the first inner magnet or the second inner magnet:

[0017] in, The magnetic reluctance of the first or second internal magnet. The magnetic reluctance of half an arm of the vertical arm containing either the first or second internal magnet is denoted as . The air gap magnetic reluctance is between the first or second inner magnet and the inner toothed ring. The magnetic reluctance is for the teeth of the internal toothed ring. For the mechanical rotation angle of the rotor assembly, This refers to the number of the first or second internal magnet. ; The part with smaller changes , , By incorporating constant terms and simplifying the magnetic field branch model of the first or second inner magnet, the total magnetic reluctance of the magnetic field branch of the first and second inner magnets is obtained. Computational model: ; ; in, The total magnetic reluctance of the inner branch is related to the mechanical rotation angle. Irrelevant equivalent constant reluctance, The tooth magnetic reluctance of the internal toothed ring varies with the rotation angle; Establish a magnetic field branch model for the first or second external magnet: ; in, The magnetic reluctance of the first or second external magnet. The magnetic reluctance of half an arm of the vertical arm containing the first or second external magnet. The air gap reluctance between the first or second external magnet and the external toothed ring. For the toothed magnetic reluctance of the external toothed ring, This refers to the number of the first or second external magnet. ; Small change , , By incorporating constant terms and simplifying the magnetic field branch model of the first or second external magnet, the total magnetic reluctance of the magnetic field branch of the first and second external magnets is obtained. Computational model: ; ; in, The total magnetic reluctance of the outer branch is related to the mechanical rotation angle. Irrelevant equivalent constant reluctance, It is the magnetic reluctance of the toothed ring that varies with the rotation angle; as follows: ; S2. Calculate the magnetic reluctance of the permanent magnet. and air magnetic resistance : ; ; in, This is the equivalent length of the permanent magnet along the magnetic flux direction. This represents the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the permanent magnet. The relative permeability of a permanent magnet. The permeability of free space, This is the equivalent air gap length. This is the equivalent magnetic permeable area; S3. Based on the total magnetic reluctance of the magnetic field branch Calculation model, total magnetic reluctance of magnetic field branch The computational model calculates the magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch containing the first or second internal magnet. and the magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch where the first or second external magnet is located. : ; ; in, It is the equivalent magnetomotive force of the first or second internal magnet. The equivalent magnetomotive force of the first or second external magnet; S4. Based on magnetic flux Magnetic flux Calculate the total magnetic flux of each magnetic field unit. : ; in, The number of coil turns. Let be the direction coefficient of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the first internal magnet (35) for the coil. This is the direction coefficient of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the second internal magnet for the coil. This is the direction coefficient of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the first external magnet with respect to the coil. This is the direction coefficient of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the second external magnet with respect to the coil. This represents the magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the first internal magnet. This represents the magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the second internal magnet. This represents the magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the first external magnet. The magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the second external magnet; S5. Based on the total magnetic flux Calculate the induced voltage of each magnetic field unit. : ; in, This is the angular velocity of the rotor assembly during rotation.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: by setting an H-shaped iron core as the rotor, and an inner toothed ring and an outer toothed ring as the inner stator and outer stator respectively, compared with the existing single-sided stator and simple magnetic poles, the magnetic reluctance change can be more obvious, the magnetic flux path can be more concentrated, and the output performance can be higher. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the mating state of the stator assembly and the rotor assembly; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the rotor support; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field unit. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a rectifier circuit.

[0020] The symbols for each component are as follows: Housing 1, First end cover 11, Second end cover 12, Connecting cylinder 13, First retaining groove 14, First retaining ring 15, Second retaining groove 16, Second retaining ring 17, Bearing 18, Stator assembly 2, Internal gear ring 21, External gear ring 22, Rotor assembly 3, Iron core 31, Limiting groove 311, Coil 32, First external magnet 33, Second external magnet 34, First internal magnet 35, Second internal magnet 36, Rotor bracket 37, Positioning protrusion 371, Positioning recess 372, Limiting protrusion 373, Key sleeve 374, Rotor cover plate 38, Rotating shaft 4. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes are obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims. All inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0022] Example: like Figures 1-5 As shown, a variable reluctance rotary energy harvester for vehicle axle systems includes a housing 1, a stator assembly 2, and a rotor assembly 3. The housing 1 includes a first end cover 11 and a second end cover 12, which are arranged opposite to each other. The first end cover 11 and the second end cover 12 are provided with through holes for the rotating shaft 4 to pass through. The rotating shaft 4 is rotatably connected to the first end cover 11 and the second end cover 12 through a bearing 18. Stator assembly 2 achieves magnetic reluctance modulation through an inner stator and an outer stator; stator assembly 2 includes an inner gear ring 21 and an outer gear ring 22, the inner gear ring 21 being the inner stator and the outer gear ring 22 being the outer stator. A connecting cylinder 13 is provided on the axially inner side of the center of the first end cover 11. A first retaining groove 14 is provided inwardly on the outer wall of the end face of the connecting cylinder 13. A first retaining ring 15 adjacent to the first retaining groove 14 is provided on the outer wall of the connecting cylinder 13 behind the first retaining groove 14. The end face of the first end cover 11 is... The inner part is provided with a second retaining groove 16, the depth of which matches the thickness of the outer toothed ring 22. A second retaining ring 17 adjacent to the second retaining groove 16 is provided on the inner wall of the first end cap 11 behind the second retaining groove 16. The inner toothed ring 21 is sleeved on the first retaining groove 14 and is interference-fitted with the first retaining groove 14. The outer toothed ring 22 is inserted into the second retaining groove 16 and is interference-fitted with the second retaining groove 16. The tooth tip area of ​​the inner toothed ring 21 is smaller than the tooth tip area of ​​the outer toothed ring 22. The rotor assembly 3 includes an H-shaped iron core 31, a coil 32, a first outer magnet 33, a second outer magnet 34, a first inner magnet 35, a second inner magnet 36, a rotor support 37, and a rotor cover plate 38. One iron core 31, one coil 32, one first outer magnet 33, one second outer magnet 34, one first inner magnet 35, and one second inner magnet 36 constitute a magnetic field unit. The iron core 31 includes vertical arms on both sides and a horizontal bar in the middle. The coil 32 is wound around the horizontal bar, and the output end of the coil 32 is connected to a rectifier circuit. The first outer magnet 33 and the second outer magnet 34 are respectively fixed to the outer end faces of the two vertical arms, and the first inner magnet 35 and the second inner magnet 36 are respectively fixed to the inner end faces of the two vertical arms. The magnetic poles of the first outer magnet 33 and the second outer magnet 34 are opposite. The outer magnet 33 and the first inner magnet 35 have opposite magnetic poles, and the first inner magnet 35 and the second inner magnet 36 have opposite magnetic poles. The rotor support 37 is disc-shaped with a concave cross-section and is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 4 by a key sleeve 374. The convex ring end face of the rotor support 37 is provided with positioning protrusions 371. The number of positioning protrusions 371 is the same as the number of intervals between adjacent iron cores 31, and the width is the same as the distance between adjacent iron cores 31. Limiting protrusions 373 are provided on both sides of the positioning protrusions 371, and limiting grooves 311 are opened on the outer side of the vertical arm corresponding to the limiting protrusions 373. The convex ring end face between adjacent positioning protrusions 371 is recessed with positioning recesses 372 with the same width as the coil 32. The rotor cover plate 38 is fixedly connected to the end face of the positioning protrusions 371 to fix the iron cores 31. There is an air gap between the first outer magnet 33, the second outer magnet 34 and the tooth tip of the corresponding outer tooth ring 22, and there is an air gap between the first inner magnet 35, the second inner magnet 36 and the tooth tip of the corresponding inner tooth ring 21. The areas of the first outer magnet 33 and the second outer magnet 34 are matched with the tooth tip area of ​​the outer tooth ring 22, and the areas of the first inner magnet 35 and the second inner magnet 36 are matched with the tooth tip area of ​​the inner tooth ring 21.

[0023] Induced voltage of each magnetic field unit The calculation steps are as follows: S1. Calculate the total magnetic reluctance of the inner branch and the total magnetic reluctance of the outer branch. First, establish the magnetic field branch model of the first inner magnet 35 or the second inner magnet 36:

[0024] in, The magnetic reluctance of the magnet in the first internal magnet 35 or the second internal magnet 36. The magnetic reluctance of the half-arm of the vertical arm where the first inner magnet 35 or the second inner magnet 36 is located. The air gap reluctance between the first inner magnet 35 or the second inner magnet 36 and the inner toothed ring 21. The magnetic reluctance of the teeth of the internal toothed ring 21. The mechanical rotation angle of rotor assembly 3, This refers to the number of the first or second internal magnet. ; The part with small changes , , Incorporate into the constant term, Determined by the size and permeability of the permanent magnet, once the structure is fixed, it will not change with mechanical rotation. change; Determined by the length, cross-sectional area, and material permeability of the vertical arm of the H-shaped iron core, it is essentially unaffected by mechanical rotation angles, even when magnetic saturation is neglected. change; The magnetic reluctance varies slightly due to changes in local magnetic flux distribution, but its amplitude is usually much smaller than the amplitude of the air gap reluctance variation. Furthermore, the magnetic field branch model of the first inner magnet 35 or the second inner magnet 36 is simplified to obtain the total magnetic reluctance of the magnetic field branch of the first inner magnet 35 and the second inner magnet 36. Computational model: ; ; in, The total magnetic reluctance of the inner branch is related to the mechanical rotation angle. Irrelevant equivalent constant reluctance, The tooth magnetic resistance of the internal toothed ring 21 varies with the rotation angle; Establish a magnetic field branch model for either the first external magnet 33 or the second external magnet 34: ; in, The magnetic reluctance of the first external magnet 33 or the second external magnet 34. The half-arm magnetic reluctance of the vertical arm where the first external magnet 33 or the second external magnet 34 is located. The air gap reluctance between the first external magnet 33 or the second external magnet 34 and the external toothed ring 22. The magnetic reluctance of the teeth of the external toothed ring 22 is... This refers to the number of the first or second external magnet. ; Small change , , Incorporate into the constant term, Determined by the size and permeability of the permanent magnet, once the structure is fixed, it will not change with mechanical rotation. change; Determined by the length, cross-sectional area, and material permeability of the vertical arm of the H-shaped iron core, it is essentially unaffected by mechanical rotation angles, even when magnetic saturation is neglected. change; The magnetic reluctance varies slightly due to changes in local magnetic flux distribution, but its amplitude is usually much smaller than the amplitude of the air gap magnetic reluctance variation. Furthermore, the magnetic field branch model of the first external magnet 33 or the second external magnet 34 is simplified to obtain the total magnetic reluctance of the magnetic field branch of the first external magnet 33 and the second external magnet 34. Computational model: ; ; in, The total magnetic reluctance of the outer branch is related to the mechanical rotation angle. Irrelevant equivalent constant reluctance, The reluctance of the teeth of the external toothed ring 22 varies with the rotation angle; as follows: ; S2. Calculate the magnetic reluctance of the permanent magnet. and air magnetic resistance : ; ; in, This is the equivalent length of the permanent magnet along the magnetic flux direction. This represents the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the permanent magnet. The relative permeability of a permanent magnet. The permeability of free space, This is the equivalent air gap length. This is the equivalent magnetic permeable area; S3. Based on the total magnetic reluctance of the magnetic field branch Calculation model, total magnetic reluctance of magnetic field branch The computational model calculates the magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch containing either the first inner magnet 35 or the second inner magnet 36. and the magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch where the first external magnet 33 or the second external magnet 34 is located. : ; ; in, This is the equivalent magnetomotive force of the first internal magnet 35 or the second internal magnet 36. The equivalent magnetomotive force of the first external magnet 33 or the second external magnet 34; S4. Based on magnetic flux Magnetic flux Calculate the total magnetic flux of each magnetic field unit. : ; in, The number of coil turns. This is the direction coefficient of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the first inner magnet 35 for the coil. This is the direction coefficient of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the second inner magnet 36 for the coil. This is the direction coefficient of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the first external magnet 33 for the coil. This is the direction coefficient of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the second external magnet 34 relative to the coil. This represents the magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the first internal magnet 35. This refers to the magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the second internal magnet 36. The magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the first external magnet 33. The magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the second external magnet 34; S5. Based on the total magnetic flux Calculate the induced voltage of each magnetic field unit. : ; in, ω is the angular velocity of rotor assembly 3 when it rotates.

[0025] By configuring the stator assembly 2 as an inner stator and an outer stator, and configuring the rotor assembly 3 as including two external magnetic field branches and two internal magnetic field branches, the air gaps on both the inner and outer sides of the rotor assembly 3 simultaneously participate in reluctance modulation when the rotor is driven to rotate by the shaft 4. Compared with a single-sided toothed ring structure, this achieves a larger reluctance change amplitude, effectively improving the magnetic flux modulation capability. Furthermore, configuring the magnetic field unit of the rotor assembly 3 as a structure consisting of a self-electromagnet plus four permanent magnetic field branches ensures that the magnetic flux has a clear closed path within the rotor assembly 3, which is beneficial for improving the effective magnetic flux. To improve utilization and reduce magnetic leakage, a mounting cylinder is installed with a first stop groove 14 on its outer wall and a first stop block is provided. The inner ring of the inner toothed ring 21 is fitted into the first stop groove 14 on the connecting cylinder 13 and contacts the first stop block. A second stop groove 16 is installed on the inner wall of the first end cover 11 and a second stop block is provided. The outer ring of the outer toothed ring 22 is engaged in the second stop groove 16. The structure is simple. The first outer magnet 33, the second outer magnet 34, the first inner magnet 35, and the second inner magnet 36 provide the initial magnetic field. The magnetic flux passes through the iron core 31 and the inner toothed ring 21. 1. The outer toothed ring 22 and the corresponding air gap form a closed magnetic circuit. When the rotating shaft 4 rotates, the rotating shaft 4 drives the rotor assembly 3 to rotate. The four ends of the vertical arms on both sides of the H-shaped iron core 31 will continuously pass through the tooth tips and tooth grooves of the inner toothed ring 21 and the outer toothed ring 22. When the outer magnet is aligned with the tooth tip of the outer toothed ring 22 and the inner magnet is aligned with the tooth tip of the inner toothed ring 21, the local magnetic conductive area is large and the magnetic resistance is small. When the outer magnet is misaligned with the tooth tip of the outer toothed ring 22 and the inner magnet is misaligned with the tooth tip of the inner toothed ring 21, the local magnetic conductive area is small and the magnetic resistance is small, making the equivalent magnetic resistance of the inner air gap and the outer air gap small. The magnetic reluctance changes periodically. As the magnetic reluctance changes, the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit also changes periodically with time, which causes the magnetic flux in the coil 32 wound on the crossbar of the iron core 31 to change. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, an alternating induced voltage is generated at both ends of the coil 32, so as to realize the purpose of converting rotational mechanical energy into electrical energy. The use of an H-shaped rotor iron core 31 and a four-end permanent magnet structure of the vertical arm makes the magnetic flux path more concentrated. The setting of the limiting protrusion 373 and the limiting groove 311 can make the positioning protrusion 371 and the iron core 31 more securely fixed.

Claims

1. A variable reluctance rotary energy trap for vehicle axle systems, characterized in that, include: The housing (1) is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft (4); The stator assembly (2) is fixedly mounted on the housing (1) and the magnetic reluctance is modulated by the inner stator and the outer stator; The rotor assembly (3) is rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft (4) and includes several magnetic field units arranged around the circumference of the rotating shaft (4). Each magnetic field unit is an electromagnet structure. The magnetic field units are located between the inner stator and the outer stator and have an air gap with both the inner stator and the outer stator. Each magnetic field unit includes two external permanent magnetic field branches and two permanent internal magnetic field branches. The external permanent magnetic field branches are coupled to the outer stator, and the internal permanent magnetic field branches are coupled to the inner stator.

2. The variable reluctance rotary energy trap for vehicle axle systems according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing (1) includes a first end cap (11) and a second end cap (12). The first end cap (11) and the second end cap (12) are arranged opposite to each other. The first end cap (11) and the second end cap (12) are provided with through holes for the rotating shaft (4) to pass through. The rotating shaft (4) is rotatably connected to the first end cap (11) and the second end cap (12) by a bearing (18).

3. The variable reluctance rotary energy trap for vehicle axle systems according to claim 2, characterized in that, The stator assembly (2) includes an internal gear ring (21) and an external gear ring (22), wherein the internal gear ring (21) is the internal stator and the external gear ring (22) is the external stator. A connecting cylinder (13) is provided on the axially inner side of the center of the first end cap (11). A first retaining groove (14) is provided recessed inward on the outer wall of the end face of the connecting cylinder (13). A first retaining ring (15) adjacent to the first retaining groove (14) is provided on the outer wall of the connecting cylinder (13) behind the first retaining groove (14). A second retaining groove (16) is provided recessed inward on the end face of the first end cap (11). The depth of the second retaining groove (16) and the thickness of the outer toothed ring (22) are matched. A second retaining ring (17) adjacent to the second retaining groove (16) is provided on the inner wall of the first end cap (11) behind the second retaining groove (16). The inner toothed ring (21) is sleeved on the first retaining groove (14) and is interference-fitted with the first retaining groove (14). The outer toothed ring (22) is stuck in the second retaining groove (16) and is interference-fitted with the second retaining groove (16). The tooth tip area of ​​the inner toothed ring (21) is smaller than the tooth tip area of ​​the outer toothed ring (22).

4. The variable reluctance rotary energy trap for vehicle axle systems according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rotor assembly (3) includes an H-shaped iron core (31), a coil (32), a first outer magnet (33), a second outer magnet (34), a first inner magnet (35), a second inner magnet (36), a rotor support (37), and a rotor cover plate (38). A magnetic field unit is formed by an iron core 31, a coil 32, a first outer magnet 33, a second outer magnet 34, a first inner magnet 35, and a second inner magnet 36. The iron core (31) includes vertical arms on both sides and a horizontal bar in the middle. The coil (32) is wound around the horizontal bar. The output end of the coil (32) is connected to a rectifier circuit. The first outer magnet (33) and the second outer magnet (34) are respectively fixed on the outer end faces of the two vertical arms. The first inner magnet (35) and the second inner magnet (36) are respectively fixed on the inner end faces of the two vertical arms. The magnetic poles of the first outer magnet (33) and the second outer magnet (34) are opposite. The magnetic poles of the first inner magnet (35) are opposite, and the magnetic poles of the first inner magnet (35) and the second inner magnet (36) are opposite. The rotor support (37) is disc-shaped with a concave cross-section and is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft (4). The convex ring end face of the rotor support (37) is provided with positioning protrusions (371). The number of positioning protrusions (371) is the same as the number of intervals between adjacent iron cores (31), and the width is the same as the distance between adjacent iron cores (31). The convex ring end face between adjacent positioning protrusions (371) is recessed with positioning recesses (372) with the same width as the coil (32). The rotor cover plate (38) is fixedly connected to the end face of the positioning protrusions (371) to fix the iron core (31). There is an air gap between the first outer magnet (33), the second outer magnet (34) and the tooth tip of the corresponding outer tooth ring (22), and there is an air gap between the first inner magnet (35), the second inner magnet (36) and the tooth tip of the corresponding inner tooth ring (21). The areas of the first outer magnet (33) and the second outer magnet (34) are matched with the tooth tip area of ​​the outer tooth ring (22), and the areas of the first inner magnet (35) and the second inner magnet (36) are matched with the tooth tip area of ​​the inner tooth ring (21).

5. The variable reluctance rotary energy trap for vehicle axle systems according to claim 4, characterized in that, The positioning protrusion (371) has limiting protrusions (373) on both sides, and the outer side of the vertical arm has a limiting groove (311) corresponding to the limiting protrusions (373).

6. The variable reluctance rotary energy trap for vehicle axle systems according to claim 5, characterized in that, Induced voltage of each magnetic field unit The calculation steps are as follows: S1. Calculate the total magnetic reluctance of the inner branch and the total magnetic reluctance of the outer branch. First, establish the magnetic field branch model of the first inner magnet (35) or the second inner magnet (36): in, The magnetic reluctance of the first internal magnet (35) or the second internal magnet (36) The magnetic reluctance of the half-arm of the vertical arm where the first internal magnet (35) or the second internal magnet (36) is located. The air gap reluctance between the first inner magnet (35) or the second inner magnet (36) and the inner toothed ring (21) is... For the tooth magnetic resistance of the internal toothed ring (21), For the mechanical rotation angle of rotor assembly (3), This refers to the number of the first or second internal magnet. ; The part with small changes , , By incorporating a constant term and simplifying the magnetic field branch model of the first inner magnet (35) or the second inner magnet (36), the total magnetic reluctance of the magnetic field branch of the first inner magnet (35) and the second inner magnet (36) is obtained. Computational model: ； ； in, The total magnetic reluctance of the inner branch is related to the mechanical rotation angle. Irrelevant equivalent constant reluctance, The tooth magnetic resistance of the internal toothed ring (21) varies with the rotation angle; Establish a magnetic field branch model for the first external magnet (33) or the second external magnet (34): ； in, The magnetic reluctance of the first external magnet (33) or the second external magnet (34) The magnetic reluctance of the half-arm of the vertical arm where the first external magnet (33) or the second external magnet (34) is located. The air gap reluctance between the first external magnet (33) or the second external magnet (34) and the external toothed ring (22) is... For the toothed magnetic reluctance of the external toothed ring (22), This refers to the number of the first or second external magnet. ; Small change , , By incorporating a constant term and simplifying the magnetic field branch model of the first external magnet (33) or the second external magnet (34), the total magnetic reluctance of the magnetic field branch of the first external magnet (33) and the second external magnet (34) is obtained. Computational model: ； ； in, The total magnetic reluctance of the outer branch is related to the mechanical rotation angle. Irrelevant equivalent constant reluctance, The tooth magnetic resistance of the external toothed ring (22) varies with the rotation angle; as follows: ； S2. Calculate the magnetic reluctance of the permanent magnet. and air magnetic resistance : ； ； in, This is the equivalent length of the permanent magnet along the magnetic flux direction. This represents the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the permanent magnet. The relative permeability of a permanent magnet. The permeability of free space, This is the equivalent air gap length. This is the equivalent magnetic permeable area; S3. Based on the total magnetic reluctance of the magnetic field branch Calculation model, total magnetic reluctance of magnetic field branch The computational model calculates the magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch where the first internal magnet (35) or the second internal magnet (36) is located. and the magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch where the first external magnet (33) or the second external magnet (34) is located. : ； ； in, The equivalent magnetomotive force of the first internal magnet (35) or the second internal magnet (36) The equivalent magnetomotive force of the first external magnet (33) or the second external magnet (34); S4. Based on magnetic flux Magnetic flux Calculate the total magnetic flux of each magnetic field unit. : ； in, The number of coil turns. Let be the direction coefficient of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the first internal magnet (35) for the coil. The direction coefficient of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the second inner magnet (36) for the coil. Let be the direction coefficient of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the first external magnet (33) for the coil. The direction coefficient of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the second external magnet (34) for the coil. The magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the first internal magnet (35) is... The magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the second internal magnet (36) The magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the first external magnet (33) is... The magnetic flux of the magnetic field branch corresponding to the second external magnet (34); S5. Based on the total magnetic flux Calculate the induced voltage of each magnetic field unit. : ； in, ω is the angular velocity of the rotor assembly (3) when it rotates.

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