Modular thermophotovoltaic power system with full-plate heat exchanger structure

Abstract

The application provides a modular thermoelectric power generation system with a full-plate heat exchanger structure which is easy to disassemble and assemble, comprising: a plurality of heat exchangers, adjacent heat exchangers are provided with thermoelectric modules therebetween, and the thermoelectric modules comprise cold-end heat exchangers and hot-end heat exchangers which are alternately arranged; wherein each heat exchanger comprises a main body part and two header parts, the two header parts are arranged at opposite ends of the main body part along a second direction; each header part is provided with a through hole penetrating along a first direction, the through holes of heat exchangers of the same type are connected in a butt joint manner to form cold fluid distribution channels and hot fluid distribution channels; a fluid joint comprises a cold fluid joint and a hot fluid joint; the cold fluid joint is connected to the header part of the cold-end heat exchanger and communicates with the cold fluid distribution channel, and the hot fluid joint is connected to the header part of the hot-end heat exchanger and communicates with the hot fluid distribution channel. The technical problems of excessive number of fluid interfaces, complex assembly and maintenance process, and high risk of working medium leakage of the current modular thermoelectric power generation system are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of thermoelectric power generation technology, and in particular to a modular thermoelectric power generation system with a modular, easily detachable, full-plate heat exchanger structure. Background Technology

[0002] Thermovoltaic (TVA) technology breaks through the traditional thermoelectric conversion technology's secondary energy conversion path from heat energy to mechanical energy and then to electrical energy, realizing the direct conversion between heat energy and electrical energy. It has high application potential and value in the field of medium- and low-temperature waste heat recovery and utilization, including geothermal energy. Currently, TVA power generation systems mainly adopt a modular design, which allows for flexible adjustment of the number of internal power generation systems according to the scale of the heat source and electricity demand. However, this modular design also increases the complexity of system assembly and maintenance. The core components of a TVA power generation system are heat exchangers and thermoelectric modules, typically using a design where cold-end and hot-end heat exchangers are overlapped, with thermoelectric modules placed in between. As the installed capacity of TVA systems increases, the number of internal heat exchangers also increases, leading to a corresponding increase in the number of fluid interfaces. This exacerbates the complexity of system assembly and maintenance, limiting the large-scale and commercial application of TVA power generation systems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, one or more embodiments of this application aim to provide a modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system with an easily detachable and assembled full-plate heat exchanger structure, thereby solving the technical problems of excessive fluid interfaces, complex assembly and maintenance processes, and high risk of working fluid leakage in current modular thermal photovoltaic power generation systems.

[0004] This invention provides a modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system with a convenient, detachable, all-plate heat exchanger structure. The technical solution adopted is as follows: A modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system with a detachable and fully plate-type heat exchanger structure includes: Multiple heat exchangers are stacked and arranged along a first direction, with thermoelectric modules sandwiched between adjacent heat exchangers. The multiple heat exchangers include alternating cold-end heat exchangers and hot-end heat exchangers. Each heat exchanger includes a main body and two headers. The main body extends along a second direction, and the two headers are located at opposite ends of the main body along the second direction. The first direction intersects the second direction. Each of the headers is provided with a through hole extending along the first direction. Adjacent cold-end heat exchangers are connected through the through holes to form a cold fluid distribution channel; adjacent hot-end heat exchangers are connected through the through holes to form a hot fluid distribution channel. A fluid connector, configured to connect to a water distribution device via an external pipeline, includes a cold fluid connector and a hot fluid connector; the cold fluid connector connects to the header of the cold-end heat exchanger at any location and is connected to the cold fluid distribution channel, and the hot fluid connector connects to the header of the hot-end heat exchanger at any location and is connected to the hot fluid distribution channel. The cold-end working medium flows through the cold fluid connector between the cold fluid distribution channel and the main body of the cold-end heat exchanger, while the hot-end working medium flows through the hot fluid connector between the hot fluid distribution channel and the main body of the hot-end heat exchanger, so as to create a temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric module sandwiched between the adjacent cold-end heat exchanger and the hot-end heat exchanger.

[0005] Optionally, it also includes: A pair of cover plates are respectively disposed on the outside of the two heat exchangers located at the ends of the stacking direction, and the stacked heat exchangers and the multiple thermoelectric modules are clamped together along the first direction by a first fastening assembly.

[0006] Optionally, it also includes: Multiple pairs of clamping blind plates, wherein a portion of the clamping blind plates block the through holes on each of the headers of the cold-end heat exchanger at the outermost end along the stacking direction, and another portion of the clamping blind plates block the through holes on each of the headers of the hot-end heat exchanger at the outermost end along the stacking direction. Each pair of clamping blind plates is sealed and fastened along the first direction to the header portion at the same end of the corresponding heat exchanger by a second fastening assembly.

[0007] Optionally, each of the manifold portions includes a recess facing one side of the first direction and a protrusion facing the other side of the first direction, and the through hole extends from the recess through the protrusion; In the corresponding connected cold-end heat exchangers, along the flow direction of the cold-end working medium, the protrusion of the preceding cold-end heat exchanger is connected to the recess of the following cold-end heat exchanger; in the corresponding connected hot-end heat exchangers, along the flow direction of the hot-end working medium, the protrusion of the preceding hot-end heat exchanger is connected to the recess of the following hot-end heat exchanger. Each pair of clamping blind plates includes a first clamping blind plate and a second clamping blind plate. The first clamping blind plate is provided with a concave hole structure corresponding to the convex part, and the second clamping blind plate is provided with a boss structure corresponding to the concave part, so that each pair of clamping blind plates respectively connects and seals with the header part at the same end of the heat exchanger at the corresponding position through concave-convex fit.

[0008] Optionally, in the corresponding connected heat exchangers, along the flow direction of the corresponding working medium, the diameter of the through hole in each heat exchanger gradually decreases, and the diameter of the through hole in the previous heat exchanger is larger than the diameter of the through hole in the next heat exchanger.

[0009] Optionally, a slow-release gasket is sandwiched between the cover plate and the adjacent heat exchanger. The slow-release gasket is configured to reduce heat exchange between the heat exchanger and the external environment and to absorb deformation of the internal components of the modular thermoelectric power generation system caused by thermal expansion and contraction.

[0010] Optionally, each of the headers is provided with a partition, which divides the inner cavity of the header into a first chamber and a second chamber that communicate with the through hole. The first chamber and the second chamber are respectively connected to the internal channel of the main body.

[0011] Optionally, the first chamber and the second chamber are respectively provided with baffles, which are arranged at a preset angle to reduce the flow area of ​​the working medium in the corresponding chamber on the side of the chamber wall near the manifold.

[0012] Optionally, the total number of heat exchangers is an odd number, with the odd number being the cold-end heat exchangers and the even number being the hot-end heat exchangers; The cold fluid connector includes a cold inlet connector and a cold outlet connector, which are disposed on two headers of one of the cold end heat exchangers located at the end of the stacking direction. The hot fluid joint includes a hot inlet joint and a hot outlet joint, and the hot inlet joint and the hot outlet joint are disposed on two manifolds of one of the hot end heat exchangers located at the end position in the stacking direction. The cold inlet connector and the hot outlet connector are located at opposite ends in the first direction at the same end, and the cold outlet connector and the hot inlet connector are located at opposite ends in the first direction at the other end.

[0013] Optionally, the headers of adjacent heat exchangers are staggered in the stacking arrangement direction.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages: The system provided in this application adopts a design where the manifold through-holes are connected along the stacking direction to form an internal fluid distribution channel, which significantly reduces the total number of fluid interfaces in a single modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system. Taking a power generation system containing multiple heat exchangers as an example, the number of fluid interfaces connecting to external pipelines is reduced from several interfaces independently connected to each heat exchanger to only one set of cold fluid connectors and one set of hot fluid connectors, which significantly simplifies the assembly and maintenance process and reduces the number of potential risk points for working fluid leakage within the system.

[0015] The system provided in this application adopts a separate pre-tightening design, which uses a cover plate and a first fastening assembly to pre-tighten the heat exchanger and thermoelectric module, a clamping blind plate, and a second fastening assembly to pre-tighten and seal the fluid distribution channel. This allows the pre-tightening force of the two parts to be adjusted independently, avoiding problems such as damage to the thermoelectric module due to excessive overall pre-tightening force, or increased contact thermal resistance and working fluid leakage due to insufficient pre-tightening force.

[0016] The system provided in this application adopts a mating structure of concave and convex parts of the manifold, which not only realizes automatic positioning of stacked assembly, but also increases the sealing path length of the mating surface and improves the sealing reliability of the fluid distribution channel.

[0017] The system provided in this application adopts a tapered flow channel design in which the diameter of the through hole gradually decreases along the flow direction, so that the working medium can still maintain a certain flow velocity at the clamping blind plate at the end of the fluid distribution channel, effectively reducing the stagnation effect and avoiding local deposition or corrosion problems caused by stagnation.

[0018] The system provided in this application adopts a design with a slow-release gasket sandwiched between the cover plate and the heat exchanger. On the one hand, it reduces the heat exchange between the outermost heat exchanger and the external environment, reducing ineffective heat loss; on the other hand, it absorbs the dimensional changes of the internal metal components of the thermal photovoltaic power generation system caused by thermal expansion and contraction, maintaining the stability of the preload.

[0019] The system provided in this application adopts a design in which the inner cavity is symmetrically divided by the inner baffle of the header and a baffle is arranged at a preset angle in each chamber. This design makes the working medium uniformly distributed in the header and the flow velocity of the fluid near the wall is accelerated. This effectively suppresses the uneven flow distribution caused by boundary layer separation, and makes the surface temperature distribution of the heat exchanger more uniform, which helps to improve the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric module.

[0020] The system provided in this application embodiment adopts a fully detachable structure for the entire power generation system. The maintenance and replacement of the thermoelectric module can be completed simply by loosening the fastening components, making the maintenance operation simple and the maintenance cost low. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the drawings used in the description of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the modular thermoelectric power generation system with a detachable and fully plated heat exchanger structure according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat exchanger according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flow of the working medium in the fluid distribution channel formed by the through holes of each heat exchanger described in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is an internal structural diagram of the header section according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is an overall structural diagram of the clamping blind plate described in one embodiment of this application.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Cover plate; 2. End heat exchanger; 3. Intermediate heat exchanger; 4. Slow-release gasket; 5. Fastening bolt; 6. Positioning sleeve; 7. Fastening nut; 8. Thermoelectric module; 9. First clamping blind plate; 91. Recessed hole structure; 10. Second clamping blind plate; 101. Boss structure; 21. Fluid interface; 31. Sealing ring; 32. Box body; 33. Main body; 321. Recess; 322. Butt joint; 323. Protrusion; 324. First baffle; 325. Partition; 326. Second baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] It should be noted that before describing the technical solution of this application in detail, the current state of the prior art and its limitations will be further explained in order to facilitate understanding of the improvements made by the technical solution of this application compared with the prior art.

[0026] In a typical existing scheme, each heat exchanger in a modular photovoltaic power generation system has threaded holes at both ends, and is connected to the cold-end and hot-end manifolds respectively using a one-to-one connector and hose configuration. In this scheme, if a single photovoltaic power generation system contains several heat exchangers, there are multiple corresponding fluid interfaces 21, and the manifolds also need to be designed with the same number of corresponding interfaces. In other words, each additional heat exchanger adds two cold-end fluid interfaces 21 and two hot-end fluid interfaces 21 to the system, complicating the assembly and maintenance of the photovoltaic system and significantly increasing the risk of working fluid leakage. For example, in a power generation system containing N heat exchangers, if each heat exchanger has two fluid interfaces 21 (inlet and outlet), then a single power generation system has 2N fluid interfaces 21, and the corresponding manifolds also need to be configured with 2N interfaces, bringing the total number of fluid interfaces 21 related to the power generation system and the manifolds in the system to 4N. More importantly, this assembly method, where the heat exchanger and water distribution device are connected separately, makes it difficult to test the sealing performance of each fluid interface 21 before the entire system is assembled. If a leak is found in one or more internal fluid joints after the system is assembled, due to the tight internal system layout, it is often necessary to repeatedly disassemble and reassemble multiple power generation systems to complete the system maintenance work, which greatly increases the complexity of the assembly and maintenance of the thermal photovoltaic power generation system.

[0027] In another improved scheme, several heat exchangers can be welded to the manifold, which reduces the number of fluid joints to some extent, but also introduces new problems. After welding, the manifold and heat exchanger become a single unit with strong rigidity, increasing the difficulty of system assembly: if the gap between two heat exchangers is too large, it can easily lead to an increase in the contact thermal resistance between the heat exchanger and the thermoelectric module, resulting in a decrease in power generation efficiency; if the gap is too small, it will make it difficult to assemble the power generation system, and may even cause damage to the thermoelectric module. In addition, the welded integrated structure also makes the replacement and maintenance of the thermoelectric module difficult. Once the thermoelectric module experiences performance degradation or damage, the entire welded assembly must be disassembled, resulting in high maintenance costs. More importantly, this scheme cannot solve the problem of uneven flow distribution inside the heat exchanger. After the working medium enters the header, the flow velocity of the fluid near the wall is lower than that in the mainstream area due to the boundary layer effect, resulting in differences in the flow rate into the various internal channels of the heat exchanger body 33. This leads to uneven temperature distribution on the heat exchanger surface and inconsistent temperature differences in different areas of the thermoelectric module, reducing the overall thermoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0028] In summary, existing modular thermoelectric power generation system designs generally face a series of technical challenges, including a large number of fluid interfaces 21, complex assembly and maintenance, high risk of working fluid leakage, and difficulty in precisely controlling the preload between the heat exchanger and the thermoelectric module. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of modular thermoelectric power generation structure that can reduce the number of fluid interfaces 21, simplify assembly and maintenance processes, reduce the risk of working fluid leakage, and ensure uniform and appropriate preload of the thermoelectric module.

[0029] Through in-depth research, the inventors of this application have creatively introduced the core technical principles of plate heat exchangers into the design of modular thermoelectric power generation systems. They proposed a scheme that involves setting through-holes along the stacking direction in the header section of the heat exchanger, automatically forming internal fluid distribution channels through stacking assembly. This fundamentally solves the problem that the number of fluid interfaces 21 increases linearly with the number of heat exchangers. The technical solution of this application will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a modular thermoelectric power generation system with a detachable and fully plate-type heat exchanger structure. This modular thermoelectric power generation system includes multiple heat exchangers stacked along a first direction, with thermoelectric modules sandwiched between adjacent heat exchangers. The multiple heat exchangers include alternating cold-end and hot-end heat exchangers. For example, when the first direction is vertical, the multiple heat exchangers are arranged sequentially from bottom to top or top to bottom, with cold-end and hot-end heat exchangers alternating in the stacking direction; that is, odd-numbered positions in the stacking sequence are cold-end heat exchangers and even-numbered positions are hot-end heat exchangers, or vice versa. When the number of heat exchangers is odd, all end heat exchangers 2 are cold-end heat exchangers. When the number of heat exchangers is even, the uppermost end heat exchanger 2 and the lowermost end heat exchanger 2 correspond to cold-end and hot-end heat exchangers, respectively.

[0031] For example, the total number of heat exchangers is an odd number, with the cold-end working medium and the hot-end working medium alternately introduced into adjacent cold-end heat exchangers and hot-end heat exchangers. For example, the number of heat exchangers is 9, of which 5 are cold-end heat exchangers and 4 are hot-end heat exchangers, or 5 are hot-end heat exchangers and 4 are cold-end heat exchangers, with the cold-end heat exchangers and hot-end heat exchangers arranged alternately in the stacking direction.

[0032] Of course, the number of heat exchangers can be adjusted according to actual application requirements and is not limited to the nine in the above embodiments. Provided that the pre-tightening sealing requirements are met, any odd number of heat exchangers or any even number of heat exchangers can be used, such as 11 heat exchangers (e.g., 6 cold-end heat exchangers and 5 hot-end heat exchangers, or vice versa), 19 heat exchangers (e.g., 10 cold-end heat exchangers and 9 hot-end heat exchangers, or vice versa), all of which are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, in terms of heat exchanger structure, the main body 33 of all heat exchangers is designed identically, consisting of an integrally drawn flat plate-type straight channel main body 33 and a header. The main difference is that the header of the heat exchanger connected to the fluid connector retains the inlet and outlet ports along the second direction, and welds on fluid connectors with internal threads, such as the hot / cold inlet connector and hot / cold outlet connector mentioned below, for connecting the power generation system to the system's manifold. Furthermore, the cold-end heat exchanger and the hot-end heat exchanger are symmetrical about the third direction. Specifically, the main body 33 extends along the second direction. The interior of the main body 33 has multiple internal channels extending along the second direction and parallel to each other. Each internal channel communicates with the inner cavity of the header, and the working medium flows in the internal channels and exchanges heat through the wall of the main body 33.

[0034] It can be understood that the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction intersect or are perpendicular to each other. The first direction is exemplified as the up-down direction, the second direction is exemplified as the left-right direction, and the third direction is exemplified as the front-back direction.

[0035] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the cold end and hot end depend on the temperature of the working medium introduced into the heat exchanger. A heat exchanger with a lower-temperature working medium is called a cold-end heat exchanger, and a heat exchanger with a higher-temperature working medium is called a hot-end heat exchanger. In practical applications, the cold-end and hot-end working media can be any two working media with a temperature difference; for example, the cold-end working medium could be cooling water from a cooling tower, and the hot-end working medium could be hot water from a geothermal well. The types of cold-end and hot-end working media do not affect the implementation of the technical solution of this application.

[0036] Taking one heat exchanger as an example, each header section has a through hole extending along a first direction. The through hole extends through the header section along the first direction, and its opening direction is the same as the stacking direction of the heat exchangers. When multiple heat exchangers are stacked and assembled along the first direction, the through holes (hereinafter defined as the first through hole for easy distinction) on the header sections of adjacent cold-end heat exchangers automatically align along the first direction and achieve butt-and-connection through a convex-concave fit, thereby forming a cold fluid distribution channel that runs through all cold-end heat exchangers in the stacking direction. Similarly, the through holes (hereinafter defined as the second through hole) on the header sections of adjacent hot-end heat exchangers automatically align along the first direction and achieve butt-and-connection through a convex-concave fit, thereby forming a hot fluid distribution channel that runs through all hot-end heat exchangers in the stacking direction.

[0037] The modular photovoltaic power generation system in this embodiment also includes fluid connectors, which include cold fluid connectors and hot fluid connectors. The cold fluid connector is connected to a cold fluid distribution channel, and the hot fluid connector is connected to a hot fluid distribution channel. The fluid connectors serve as interfaces for connecting the modular photovoltaic power generation system to external pipelines. For example, the cold fluid connector is connected to a cold-end manifold, and the hot fluid connector is connected to a hot-end manifold.

[0038] Furthermore, for a heat exchanger, two headers are provided at both ends of the main body 33. These headers serve as the collection and distribution areas for the working medium entering and leaving the main body 33, functioning to collect and distribute the working medium. Therefore, both the cold fluid distribution channel and the hot fluid distribution channel include a branching channel and a confluence channel. For example, the left headers of all cold-end heat exchangers (hereinafter defined as the first headers) are connected to form a cold fluid branching channel for cold fluid entering the main body 33, and the right headers of all cold-end heat exchangers (hereinafter defined as the second headers) are connected to form a cold fluid confluence channel for cold fluid leaving the main body 33. Similarly, the first headers of all hot-end heat exchangers are connected to form a hot fluid branching channel for hot fluid entering the main body 33, and the second headers of all hot-end heat exchangers are connected to form a hot fluid confluence channel for hot fluid leaving the main body 33. Of course, depending on the direction of flow of the cold-end working medium and the hot-end working medium, the cold fluid diversion channel and the hot fluid diversion channel can be located at the same end (left or right end) or at different ends (one left and one right). The cold fluid confluence channel and the hot fluid confluence channel can be located at the same end or at different ends.

[0039] Correspondingly, the cold fluid connector includes a cold inlet connector and a cold outlet connector, and the hot fluid connector includes a hot inlet connector and a hot outlet connector. The cold inlet connector is located on any one of the first header sections at the left end of the plurality of cold-end heat exchangers, and the cold outlet connector is located on any one of the second header sections at the right end of the plurality of cold-end heat exchangers. Similarly, the hot inlet connector is located on any one of the first header sections at the left end of the plurality of hot-end heat exchangers, and the hot outlet connector is located on any one of the second header sections at the right end of the plurality of hot-end heat exchangers. For example, the cold inlet connector can be located on the first, second, and Nth cold-end heat exchangers.

[0040] In some embodiments, the cold inlet connector and the cold outlet connector may be disposed on two headers of the same cold-end heat exchanger. Alternatively, the cold inlet connector may be disposed on a first header of one of the cold-end heat exchangers, and the cold outlet connector may be disposed on a second header of the other cold-end heat exchanger. Similarly, the hot inlet connector and the hot outlet connector may be disposed on two headers of the same hot-end heat exchanger. Alternatively, the hot inlet connector may be disposed on a first header of one of the hot-end heat exchangers, and the hot outlet connector may be disposed on a second header of the other hot-end heat exchanger.

[0041] In some embodiments, the cold inlet connector and the hot inlet connector may be located at the same end, i.e., both are disposed on the first header section or the second header section. In some embodiments, the cold inlet connector and the hot inlet connector may also be located at different ends, i.e., respectively disposed on the first header section and the second header section. Specifically, the cold inlet connector and the cold outlet connector need to be at different ends, and the hot inlet connector and the hot outlet connector need to be at different ends.

[0042] During operation, the cold-end working medium enters the cold fluid distribution channel formed by the first header section through the cold inlet connector, and is sequentially distributed to the header sections of each cold-end heat exchanger along the stacking direction, and then flows into the main body section 33 of each cold-end heat exchanger. Simultaneously, the hot-end working medium enters the hot fluid distribution channel through the hot inlet connector, and is sequentially distributed to the header sections of each hot-end heat exchanger along the stacking direction, and then flows into the main body section 33 of each hot-end heat exchanger. Since the cold-end and hot-end heat exchangers are arranged alternately in the stacking direction, the thermoelectric module is sandwiched between adjacent cold-end and hot-end heat exchangers. The cold-end and hot-end working media flow on opposite sides of the thermoelectric module, creating a temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric module. Based on this temperature difference, the thermoelectric module directly converts thermal energy into electrical energy. Then, the cold-end working medium flows back to the cold fluid collection channel formed by the second header section through the main body section 33 of the cold-end heat exchanger, and finally flows from the cold outlet connector to the external cold-end water collection device. The hot-end working medium flows back through the main body 33 of the hot-end heat exchanger to the hot fluid confluence channel formed by the second header, and finally flows from the hot outflow joint to the external hot-end water collection device.

[0043] In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the first and second through holes on the header of the heat exchanger are connected along the stacking direction. When multiple heat exchangers are stacked and assembled along the first direction, the first through holes of the cold-end heat exchanger are automatically aligned and connected to form a cold fluid distribution channel, and the second through holes of the hot-end heat exchanger are automatically aligned and connected to form a hot fluid distribution channel. This gathers the fluid interfaces 21 of all cold-end heat exchangers distributed along the stacking direction into a set of cold-end total interfaces (cold inlet connector and cold outlet connector), and gathers the fluid interfaces 21 of all hot-end heat exchangers into a set of hot-end total interfaces (hot inlet connector and hot outlet connector). This significantly reduces the total number of fluid interfaces 21 connecting a single modular photovoltaic power generation system to external pipelines. Regardless of how many heat exchangers are added, only a total of four interfaces are required. This not only simplifies the system assembly and maintenance process but also avoids contact heat conduction and additional heat loss caused by pipeline cross-connection between the cold-end and hot-end heat exchangers. At the same time, since the opening direction of the through holes is consistent with the stacking direction of the heat exchangers, automatic positioning is naturally achieved during the stacking and assembly process of the heat exchangers.

[0044] The geometric parameters, such as the number of single-layer thermoelectric modules and the extension length of the main body 33 of the heat exchanger along the second direction, can be adjusted according to the power requirements of thermo-electric conversion and the limitations of installation space, without affecting the implementation of the core inventive concept of this application.

[0045] As an improvement to this embodiment, the modular thermoelectric power generation system further includes a pair of cover plates 1 and a first fastening assembly. The pair of cover plates 1 are respectively disposed above the uppermost heat exchanger in the stacked sequence and below the lowermost heat exchanger. The cover plates 1 clamp the stacked heat exchangers and multiple thermoelectric modules along a first direction using the first fastening assembly. Exemplarily, the first fastening assembly includes a fastening bolt 5, a positioning sleeve 6, and a fastening nut 7. The positioning sleeve 6 is fitted onto the outer side of the fastening bolt 5. The fastening bolt 5 passes through the upper cover plate 1, the positioning sleeve 6, and the lower cover plate 1, and a preload is applied by tightening the nut. The length of the positioning sleeve 6 is configured to limit the preload applied by the cover plate 1 to the thermoelectric modules within a preset range when the fastening nut 7 is tightened. The positioning sleeve 6 ensures that the preload on all thermoelectric modules is uniform, preventing damage. The cover plate 1 serves two purposes: firstly, it clamps and fixes the stacked heat exchangers and thermoelectric modules along the stacking direction; secondly, it provides a uniform distribution of clamping force to the outermost heat exchanger, ensuring that the contact pressure between each thermoelectric module and the surface of the adjacent heat exchanger is basically consistent. Preferably, a pair of cover plates 1 have multiple spaced bolt holes along the second direction, and two bolt holes are arranged along the third direction. The bolt holes are opened away from the main body 33, and multiple first fastening components are sequentially installed at the multiple bolt holes (only one set is shown in the figure).

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, a slow-release gasket 4 is provided between the cover plate 1 and the adjacent heat exchanger. The slow-release gasket 4 serves two purposes: firstly, it provides insulation, reducing heat exchange between the outermost heat exchanger and the external environment, thus minimizing ineffective heat loss; secondly, the slow-release gasket 4 has a certain elastic deformation capacity, capable of absorbing the thermal expansion and contraction deformation of the internal metal components of the thermoelectric power generation system caused by temperature changes, preventing significant fluctuations in the pre-tightening force between the cover plate 1 and the heat exchanger due to temperature variations, thereby maintaining the stability of the contact pressure of the thermoelectric module. Preferably, slow-release gaskets 4 are provided between the upper cover plate 1 and the uppermost heat exchanger, and between the lower cover plate 1 and the lowermost heat exchanger.

[0047] As an improvement to this embodiment, the modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system also includes multiple pairs of clamping blind plates and a second fastening assembly. A portion of the clamping blind plates are used to block the first through holes on each header section of the cold-end heat exchanger corresponding to the outermost end along the stacking direction; another portion of the clamping blind plates are used to block the second through holes on each header section of the hot-end heat exchanger corresponding to the outermost end along the stacking direction. Specifically, at both ends of the cold fluid distribution channel along the stacking direction, two clamping blind plates respectively block the first through holes on the two first header sections of the outermost cold-end heat exchanger, and two clamping blind plates respectively block the first through holes on the second header sections, so that the cold fluid distribution channel is closed at both ends along the stacking direction, and the cold-end working medium can only enter and exit through the cold fluid connector communicating with the cold fluid distribution channel. Similarly, both ends of the hot fluid distribution channel are also blocked by clamping blind plates. Each pair of clamping blind plates is sealed and fastened along the first direction to the header section at the same end of the corresponding heat exchanger by the second fastening assembly. Exemplarily, the second fastening assembly includes bolts and nuts, with the bolts passing through pre-drilled holes in the clamping blind plate and the manifold, and a sealing preload applied by tightening the nuts. Exemplarily, four sets of the second fastening assembly are provided, arranged circumferentially around the manifold.

[0048] In conjunction with the above embodiments, the second fastening assembly is independent of the first fastening assembly. The first fastening assembly is responsible for clamping the cover plate 1, the main body 33, and the thermoelectric module along the stacking direction, and its pre-tightening force is determined according to the allowable contact pressure of the thermoelectric module. The second fastening assembly is responsible for sealing and fastening the clamping blind plate and the manifold along the stacking direction, and its pre-tightening force is determined according to the contact pressure required for fluid sealing. The two sets of fastening assemblies are pre-tightened separately, and the pre-tightening force can be set independently according to the individual needs of the thermoelectric module and the sealing structure. This avoids damage to the thermoelectric module due to excessive overall pre-tightening force, or increased contact thermal resistance between the heat exchanger surface and the thermoelectric module due to insufficient pre-tightening force, or leakage of working fluid in the four fluid channels due to uneven pre-tightening force.

[0049] like Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown in the illustration, as a further explanation of this embodiment, each manifold includes a docking portion 322 and a housing portion 32, with the housing portion 32 connecting the docking portion 322 to the main body portion 33. The docking portion 322 includes a recess 321 facing one side of the first direction and a protrusion 323 facing the other side of the first direction, and is generally hollow T-shaped, with a through hole extending from the recess 321 and penetrating the protrusion 323. The housing portion 32 has a trapezoidal plate structure. In the correspondingly connected cold-end heat exchangers, along the flow direction of the cold-end working medium, the protrusion 323 of the preceding cold-end heat exchanger is docked and connected to the recess 321 of the following cold-end heat exchanger. In the correspondingly connected hot-end heat exchangers, along the flow direction of the hot-end working medium, the protrusion 323 of the preceding hot-end heat exchanger is docked and connected to the recess 321 of the following hot-end heat exchanger. Each pair of clamping blind plates includes a first clamping blind plate 9 and a second clamping blind plate 10. The first clamping blind plate 9 has a concave hole structure 91 corresponding to the protrusion 323, and the second clamping blind plate 10 has a boss structure 101 corresponding to the concave portion 321. This allows each pair of clamping blind plates to be sealed to the header portion of the corresponding heat exchanger at the same end through a concave-convex fit. Through the concave-convex fit design of the concave portion 321 and the protrusion 323, during the stacking assembly process, the operator only needs to align the protrusion 323 of adjacent cold / hot end heat exchangers with the concave portion 321 to achieve automatic centering and positioning, significantly reducing the difficulty of assembly alignment. Simultaneously, the concave-convex fit extends the sealing path of the mating surface, increases the contact area, and improves the reliability of the seal. An annular sealing groove can be provided on the mating surface as needed, and a sealing ring 31 (such as an O-ring 31) can be placed within the annular sealing groove to further enhance the sealing effect.

[0050] As an improvement to this embodiment, along the flow direction of the cold-end working medium, the diameter of the first through-hole corresponding to the connected cold-end heat exchanger gradually decreases; along the flow direction of the hot-end working medium, the diameter of the second through-hole corresponding to the connected hot-end heat exchanger gradually decreases; thus, both the cold fluid distribution channel and the hot fluid distribution channel are gradually narrowing distribution channels. For example, taking the cold fluid distribution channel as an example, along the direction in which the cold-end working medium enters from the cold inlet connector, the diameter of the first through-hole of the cold-end heat exchanger (end heat exchanger 2) connected to the cold inlet connector is the largest, the diameter of the first through-hole of the cold-end heat exchanger farthest from the cold inlet connector is the smallest, and the diameters of the first through-holes of the cold-end heat exchangers between them decrease sequentially. Furthermore, the diameter of the internal first through-hole of the same cold-end heat exchanger also gradually decreases. Therefore, the overall flow cross-section of the cold fluid distribution channel gradually decreases along the flow direction. Similarly, the hot fluid distribution channel also has the same gradually narrowing characteristic.

[0051] As an optional design in this embodiment, the diameter of the internal through-hole of the same heat exchanger can remain unchanged, and the diameter of the internal through-hole of the downstream heat exchanger is set to be smaller than that of the internal through-hole of the upstream heat exchanger, forming a stepped, gradually narrowing distribution channel.

[0052] The tapered distribution channel provided in this embodiment can effectively reduce or avoid the stagnation effect of the working medium at the clamping blind plate at the end of the fluid distribution channel, i.e., the fluid velocity drops to near zero, resulting in a flow dead zone. The stagnation effect not only reduces the effective utilization efficiency of the fluid distribution channel but may also cause impurities or dissolved substances in the working medium to deposit in the stagnation area, potentially leading to localized blockage or corrosion over long-term operation. Maintaining the flow velocity at the end of the channel through a tapered flow path can significantly alleviate these problems and improve the long-term operational reliability of the power generation system.

[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, as an improvement in this embodiment, each manifold housing 32 is provided with a partition 325 inside. The partition 325 divides the inner cavity of the manifold housing 32 into a first chamber and a second chamber that communicate with the through hole. The first chamber and the second chamber are also connected to the internal channels of the main body 33. The partition 325 ensures that after the corresponding working medium enters the manifold from the corresponding fluid distribution channel, it is first evenly distributed to the first chamber and the second chamber by the partition 325, and then flows into several parallel internal channels of the main body 33. For example, the partition 325 extends along the second direction or in a direction inclined to the second direction, symmetrically dividing the inner cavity of the manifold in the third direction. The flow cross-sectional areas of the first chamber and the second chamber are basically equal, thereby ensuring that the initial flow rate entering the two chambers is basically balanced. Each chamber then supplies flow to the internal channels of the corresponding area in the main body 33, making the flow conditions of each internal channel in the main body 33 tend to be consistent.

[0054] As a further improvement to this embodiment, the first chamber is provided with a first baffle 324, and the second chamber is provided with a second baffle 326. The baffles in each chamber are arranged at a preset angle, and the tilt angle is close to the chamber wall, so that the flow space on the side near the manifold wall is gradually compressed. That is, in this side region, the flow cross-sectional area along the flow direction tends to be smaller than that of the original chamber. This arrangement accelerates the flow velocity of the working medium near the chamber wall, avoids uneven flow distribution caused by near-wall fluid boundary layer separation, and thus makes the flow of the fluid flowing into the main body 33 of the flat plate heat exchanger relatively uniform. Since the flow of the fluid flowing into the internal channels of the main body 33 is more uniform, the temperature distribution along the width direction (second direction) of the surface of the main body 33 of the heat exchanger is also more uniform. This makes each thermoelectric module sandwiched between adjacent heat exchangers operate under basically the same temperature difference, and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of each thermoelectric module system tends to be consistent, thus improving the output power and conversion efficiency of the overall power generation system.

[0055] As a preferred design, the cold inlet and cold outlet connectors are disposed on two headers of a cold-end heat exchanger located at the end of the stacking direction. The hot inlet and hot outlet connectors are disposed on two headers of a hot-end heat exchanger located at the end of the stacking direction. For example, for an odd number of heat exchangers (5 cold-end and 4 hot-end), the heat exchanger with a stacking sequence of 1 is the first cold-end heat exchanger; therefore, the cold inlet and cold outlet connectors are disposed on the first and second headers of the first heat exchanger. The heat exchanger with a stacking sequence of 8 is the last hot-end heat exchanger; therefore, the hot inlet and hot outlet connectors are disposed on the first and second headers of the eighth heat exchanger. By placing the cold and hot fluid connectors at opposite ends in the first direction, the cold and hot working fluids flow in counter-current flow within the through-hole. Furthermore, the cold inlet connector and the hot outlet connector are located at the same end, which causes the cold and hot working fluids to flow in opposite directions within the main body.

[0056] The specific locations of the cold fluid connector and the hot fluid connector can be adjusted according to the routing requirements of the external pipeline. For example, the cold-end heat exchanger with the cold fluid connector can be placed in the middle of the stacking direction rather than at the end, so that the cold-end working medium is introduced or led out from the middle layer of the stacked structure to adapt to specific installation space constraints.

[0057] The inflow and outflow of the cold-end working medium are both completed on the same cold-end heat exchanger, and the inflow and outflow of the hot-end working medium are both completed on the same hot-end heat exchanger. Furthermore, the cold fluid connector and hot fluid connector are located at opposite ends of the stacked structure, allowing external piping to be connected from both ends in the second direction. This results in a clear and concise piping layout, avoiding mutual interference between the cold-end and hot-end piping during installation and maintenance. Additionally, only two heat exchangers with fluid connectors differ in structure during the design process; the remaining heat exchangers have the same structure, improving the convenience of preparation, installation, and disassembly.

[0058] As a further improvement to this embodiment, the docking portions 322 of the two manifolds of each heat exchanger are arranged one in front of the other in a third-order direction, and the docking portions 322 of the manifolds on adjacent cold-end and hot-end heat exchangers are also arranged one in front of the other in a third-order direction. This bidirectional staggered design ensures that the docking portions 322 of the manifolds of the cold-end and hot-end heat exchangers are not located in the same vertical projection position (the docking portions 322 of the cold-end and hot-end heat exchangers do not overlap in the first direction), thus providing sufficient operating space for each manifold. When installing clamping blind flanges, connecting fluid joints, or performing sealing checks, the operating tools can directly contact the target manifold without being obstructed by the manifolds of adjacent heat exchangers. Simultaneously, the staggered arrangement of the manifolds of the cold-end and hot-end heat exchangers during the stacking process reduces the overall volume of the power generation system in the stacking direction.

[0059] For example, the housing portion 32 is a right-angled trapezoid, with two parallel ends connecting to the docking portion 322 and the main body portion 33, respectively. One right-angled end extends along the second direction, and the other inclined end extends along a direction inclined to the second direction. Therefore, a clearance space is naturally formed on the side where the inclined end is located. The vertical height of the docking portion 322 in the first direction is approximately the same as the total height of the housing portion 32 of the corresponding heat exchanger and the housing portions 32 of the two adjacent heat exchangers, so that the docking portions 322 of the adjacent heat exchangers overlap in the first direction, but a gap is formed between the housing portions 32, which is the accommodating space of the housing portion 32 of the adjacent heat exchangers. Furthermore, since the housing portions 32 of the adjacent heat exchangers are arranged vertically oppositely, the clearance space of the previous heat exchanger just accommodates the docking portion 322 of the next heat exchanger. This allows the adjacent heat exchangers to be arranged in a more compact manner in the stacking direction, avoiding structural interference between the docking portions 322, reducing the overall size of the modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system along the first and second directions, and improving space utilization.

[0060] The following description, in conjunction with the above embodiments and accompanying drawings, provides a detailed explanation of a specific technical solution of the present invention.

[0061] A modular thermoelectric power generation system with a modular, easily detachable, full-plate heat exchanger structure includes nine heat exchangers and eight thermoelectric module layers. The nine heat exchangers are stacked vertically, with a thermoelectric module layer sandwiched between adjacent heat exchangers. Of the nine heat exchangers, five are cold-end heat exchangers and four are hot-end heat exchangers. The cold-end and hot-end heat exchangers are arranged alternately from top to bottom, in the following order: first cold-end heat exchanger, first hot-end heat exchanger, second cold-end heat exchanger, second hot-end heat exchanger, third cold-end heat exchanger, third hot-end heat exchanger, fourth cold-end heat exchanger, fourth hot-end heat exchanger, and fifth cold-end heat exchanger. Each thermoelectric module layer consists of multiple thermoelectric modules arranged along a second direction. That is, the first and fifth cold-end heat exchangers serve as end heat exchangers 2, and the second to eighth heat exchangers serve as intermediate layer heat exchangers 3.

[0062] Cover plates 1 are installed around the outer periphery of the first and fifth cold-end heat exchangers. The cover plates 1 clamp the nine heat exchangers and eight thermoelectric module layers from top to bottom using a first fastening assembly. The first fastening assembly includes fastening bolts 5 and fastening nuts 7. The fastening bolts 5 pass through pre-set positioning holes on the cover plates 1 and each heat exchanger. Slow-release gaskets 4 are sandwiched between the cover plates 1 and adjacent heat exchangers.

[0063] Each heat exchanger includes a main body 33 and two headers. The main body 33 extends left and right and is an integrally drawn flat plate straight channel structure with multiple parallel straight channels extending left and right inside, separated by heat exchange plate walls. The two headers are respectively located at the left and right ends of the main body 33. Each header includes a docking part 322 and a housing part 32. The docking part 322 is generally hollow T-shaped, including an upward-facing concave part 321 and a downward-facing convex part 323, with a through hole extending from the concave part 321 and penetrating the convex part 323. The housing part 32 has a partition 325 inside, which divides the inner cavity of the housing part 32 into a first chamber and a second chamber, which are respectively connected to the corresponding internal channels of the main body 33. The first chamber and the second chamber are respectively provided with baffles, which are arranged at a preset angle. The mating portions 322 of the headers of the cold-end heat exchanger and the hot-end heat exchanger do not overlap, providing ample space for the installation of the clamping blind flange and the operation of the fastening components.

[0064] During the stacking assembly process, along the flow direction of the cold-end working medium, the first through holes of the five cold-end heat exchangers are sequentially connected vertically to form a cold fluid distribution channel; the second through holes of the four hot-end heat exchangers are sequentially connected vertically to form a hot fluid distribution channel. Along the flow direction of the cold-end working medium, the diameter of the first through holes of each cold-end heat exchanger gradually decreases, making the cold fluid distribution channel a tapered flow channel; along the flow direction of the hot-end working medium, the diameter of the second through holes of each hot-end heat exchanger gradually decreases, making the hot fluid distribution channel a tapered flow channel. The tapering directions of the first and second through holes are opposite. An annular sealing groove is provided on the mating surface between each mating part 322 and the mating part 322 of the adjacent heat exchanger, and an O-ring seal 31 is placed within the annular sealing groove.

[0065] The cold inlet and cold outlet connectors are located on the mating portions 322 of the two headers of the first cold-end heat exchanger. The hot inlet and hot outlet connectors are located on the mating portions 322 of the two headers of the fourth hot-end heat exchanger. Thus, the cold fluid connectors and hot fluid connectors are located at opposite ends, one in front of the other, and external pipelines are connected from the left and right sides respectively.

[0066] A first clamping blind plate 9 is installed on the lower side of the fifth cold-end heat exchanger at the bottom. A second clamping blind plate 10 is installed on the upper side of the first cold-end heat exchanger at the top to seal both ends of the cold fluid distribution channel. A second clamping blind plate 10 is installed on the lower side of the fourth hot-end heat exchanger at the bottom, and a first clamping blind plate 9 is installed on the upper side of the second hot-end heat exchanger at the top to seal both ends of the hot fluid distribution channel. The first clamping blind plate 9 and the second clamping blind plate 10, as a pair of clamping blind plates, are sealed and fastened to the docking part 322 of the header of the corresponding heat exchanger by a second fastening assembly.

[0067] The modular photovoltaic (PV) power generation system's cold inlet and cold outlet connectors are connected to the cold-end manifold via external piping, supplying the cold-end working medium to the power generation system and receiving return flow. The hot inlet and hot outlet connectors are connected to the hot-end manifold via external piping, supplying the hot-end working medium to the power generation system and receiving return flow, together forming the PV power generation assembly. Because the modular PV power generation system only requires one set of cold-end and one set of hot-end interfaces to connect to the manifold, the number of external pipes in the PV power generation assembly is significantly reduced, greatly decreasing the workload of pipe connection and sealing checks. Furthermore, multiple modular PV power generation systems can be connected in parallel to the same manifold, allowing for flexible adjustment of the number of power generation systems in operation based on the heat source scale and electricity demand, demonstrating excellent scalability.

[0068] In summary, compared with the prior art, the modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system with a detachable, full-plate heat exchanger structure and the power generation system composed thereof provided in this application have at least the following beneficial effects: By connecting the manifold through holes along the stacking direction to form an internal fluid distribution channel, the traditional scheme of setting fluid interfaces 21 independently for each heat exchanger is transformed into an integrated distribution channel scheme. The number of fluid interfaces 21 in a single power generation system is reduced from multiple interfaces that are linearly related to the number of heat exchangers to a fixed small number of interfaces, which greatly reduces the complexity of assembly and maintenance and reduces the potential risk points of system working fluid leakage.

[0069] Through the layered and independent pre-tightening design, the contact pre-tightening force of the thermoelectric module and the sealing pre-tightening force of the fluid channel can be set and adjusted independently according to their respective needs. This solves the problem of pre-tightening force contradiction caused by uniform pre-tightening in traditional solutions, namely, excessive pre-tightening force damages the thermoelectric module, while insufficient pre-tightening force leads to increased contact thermal resistance or working fluid leakage.

[0070] The structural design of the header section with its concave-convex mating joint and the clamping blind plate with its concave-convex mating sealing not only achieves automatic positioning of the stacked assembly, but also extends the sealing path and improves assembly accuracy and sealing reliability.

[0071] The tapered flow channel design effectively reduces the stagnation effect at the end of the fluid distribution channel clamping blind plate, lowers the risk of deposition and corrosion caused by stagnation, and improves the long-term operational reliability of the power generation system.

[0072] By setting the slow-release gasket 4, the ineffective heat exchange between the outermost heat exchanger and the environment is reduced, while the dimensional changes caused by the thermal expansion and contraction of the metal parts are absorbed, maintaining the long-term stability of the preload.

[0073] The combined design of uniform flow distribution by the internal baffle 325 of the header and the flow deflector to accelerate the near-wall fluid significantly improves the flow uniformity of each internal channel of the heat exchanger body 33, making the surface temperature distribution of the heat exchanger more uniform and helping to improve the overall thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric module.

[0074] The overall structure adopts a fully detachable design. Maintenance and replacement of the thermoelectric module can be completed simply by loosening the cover plate 1 and related fastening components. There is no need to disassemble the sealing structure of the fluid distribution channel. Maintenance is simple and downtime is short, which is conducive to the commercial promotion and application of the thermoelectric power generation system.

[0075] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0076] It should also be noted that, in this document, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations, nor should they be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Moreover, the term "comprising" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device.

[0077] The above provides a detailed description of a modular thermoelectric power generation system with a conveniently detachable full-plate heat exchanger structure provided in this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand this application, and the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications may occur in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on this application. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all implementation methods here, but obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system with a conveniently detachable and fully plate-type heat exchanger structure, characterized in that, include: Multiple heat exchangers are stacked and arranged along a first direction, with thermoelectric modules sandwiched between adjacent heat exchangers. The multiple heat exchangers include alternating cold-end heat exchangers and hot-end heat exchangers. Each heat exchanger includes a main body and two headers. The main body extends along a second direction, and the two headers are located at opposite ends of the main body along the second direction. The first direction intersects the second direction. Each of the headers is provided with a through hole extending along the first direction. Adjacent cold-end heat exchangers are connected through the through holes to form a cold fluid distribution channel; adjacent hot-end heat exchangers are connected through the through holes to form a hot fluid distribution channel. Fluid connectors include a cold fluid connector and a hot fluid connector; the cold fluid connector is connected to the header of the cold end heat exchanger at any location and is connected to the cold fluid distribution channel, and the hot fluid connector is connected to the header of the hot end heat exchanger at any location and is connected to the hot fluid distribution channel. The cold-end working medium flows through the cold fluid connector between the cold fluid distribution channel and the main body of the cold-end heat exchanger, while the hot-end working medium flows through the hot fluid connector between the hot fluid distribution channel and the main body of the hot-end heat exchanger, so as to create a temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric module sandwiched between the adjacent cold-end heat exchanger and the hot-end heat exchanger.

2. The modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system with a conveniently detachable full-plate heat exchanger structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A pair of cover plates are respectively disposed on the outside of the two heat exchangers located at the ends of the stacking direction, and the stacked heat exchangers and the multiple thermoelectric modules are clamped together along the first direction by a first fastening assembly.

3. The modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system with a conveniently detachable full-plate heat exchanger structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Multiple pairs of clamping blind plates, wherein a portion of the clamping blind plates block the through holes on each of the headers of the cold-end heat exchanger at the outermost end along the stacking direction, and another portion of the clamping blind plates block the through holes on each of the headers of the hot-end heat exchanger at the outermost end along the stacking direction. Each pair of clamping blind plates is sealed and fastened along the first direction to the header portion at the same end of the corresponding heat exchanger by a second fastening assembly.

4. A modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system with a detachable and fully plate-type heat exchanger structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each of the manifold portions includes a recess facing one side of the first direction and a protrusion facing the other side of the first direction, and the through hole extends from the recess through the protrusion; In the corresponding connected cold-end heat exchangers, along the flow direction of the cold-end working medium, the protrusion of the preceding cold-end heat exchanger is connected to the recess of the following cold-end heat exchanger; in the corresponding connected hot-end heat exchangers, along the flow direction of the hot-end working medium, the protrusion of the preceding hot-end heat exchanger is connected to the recess of the following hot-end heat exchanger. Each pair of clamping blind plates includes a first clamping blind plate and a second clamping blind plate. The first clamping blind plate is provided with a concave hole structure corresponding to the convex part, and the second clamping blind plate is provided with a boss structure corresponding to the concave part, so that each pair of clamping blind plates respectively connects and seals with the header part at the same end of the heat exchanger at the corresponding position through concave-convex fit.

5. A modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system with a detachable and fully plate-type heat exchanger structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the corresponding connected heat exchangers, along the flow direction of the corresponding working medium, the diameter of the through hole in each heat exchanger gradually decreases, and the diameter of the through hole in the previous heat exchanger is larger than the diameter of the through hole in the next heat exchanger.

6. A modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system with a conveniently detachable full-plate heat exchanger structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, A slow-release gasket is sandwiched between the cover plate and the adjacent heat exchanger. The slow-release gasket is configured to reduce heat exchange between the heat exchanger and the external environment and to absorb the deformation of the internal components of the modular thermoelectric power generation system caused by thermal expansion and contraction.

7. A modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system with a detachable and fully plate-type heat exchanger structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the headers is provided with a partition, which divides the inner cavity of the header into a first chamber and a second chamber that communicate with the through hole. The first chamber and the second chamber are respectively connected to the internal channel of the main body.

8. A modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system with a detachable and fully plate-type heat exchanger structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first chamber and the second chamber are respectively provided with baffles. The baffles are arranged at a preset angle to compress the flow area of ​​the working medium on the side of the chamber wall near the manifold in the corresponding chamber.

9. A modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system with a detachable and fully plate-type heat exchanger structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cold fluid connector includes a cold inlet connector and a cold outlet connector, which are disposed on two headers of one of the cold-end heat exchangers located at the end position in the stacking direction; the hot fluid connector includes a hot inlet connector and a hot outlet connector, which are disposed on two headers of one of the hot-end heat exchangers located at the end position in the stacking direction. The cold inlet connector and the hot outlet connector are located at opposite ends in the first direction at the same end, and the cold outlet connector and the hot inlet connector are located at opposite ends in the first direction at the other end.

10. A modular thermal photovoltaic power generation system with a detachable and fully plate-type heat exchanger structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The header sections of adjacent heat exchangers are staggered in the stacking arrangement direction.

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