Centrifugal double feedback electromagnetic self-adapting speed regulator

Abstract

The application discloses a centrifugal double feedback electromagnetic self-adaptive speed regulator and belongs to the technical field of motor speed regulation control. The device comprises a driving motor, a rotating disc, two sets of centrifugal sliding components, two-way electromagnetic feedback units and a triode control unit. The rotating disc is driven by the driving motor to rotate. The disc is equipped with radially slidable metal sliding blocks and permanent magnets, which are displaced radially by overcoming the elastic force of elastic members relying on the centrifugal force generated by rotation. The metal sliding blocks are fixed with coils and electromagnets connected in series, which form a first electromagnetic coupling feedback loop in cooperation with external electromagnets. The permanent magnets generate a second induced feedback signal by cutting the coils during the rotation of the disc. The two-way induced currents are jointly input into the triode control unit for adjusting the driving current of the driving motor. When the motor is in an overspeed working condition, the centrifugal components subjected to the centrifugal force move radially outward, the induced currents output by the two-way electromagnetic feedback are synchronously reduced, and the triode control unit reduces the driving current of the motor, so that the motor is automatically slowed down. The application does not need to configure an independent rotating speed sensor, completes the rotating speed signal conversion through the centrifugal-electromagnetic induction mode, improves the working reliability through the double feedback structure, adopts a non-contact detection mode, reduces mechanical wear and tear and is suitable for various motor equipment which needs to realize the automatic speed limiting function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of motor speed control technology, and particularly relates to a motor adaptive speed control device based on centrifugal displacement-electromagnetic induction dual-path feedback. Background Technology

[0002] Automatic speed limiting and adaptive speed regulation of motors are widely used in industrial transmission, power equipment and other scenarios. Existing automatic speed regulation solutions for motors mostly rely on speed sensors to collect speed signals, which are then processed by electronic devices such as MCUs and operational amplifiers to output control signals. The system requires external power supply and signal acquisition chips, resulting in high hardware costs and complex circuits. Some passive centrifugal speed regulation systems mostly use mechanical friction speed limiting, but the friction pairs have drawbacks such as high wear, short lifespan and limited speed regulation accuracy.

[0003] Existing technologies lack a device that eliminates the need for an independent speed sensor, relies on centrifugal displacement to change the electromagnetic coupling distance, and directly generates control current through dual-path electromagnetic induction feedback to achieve passive adaptive speed limiting and regulation of the motor. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem that the invention aims to solve This invention aims to overcome the shortcomings of existing automatic motor speed control devices, which rely on speed sensors, have complex control circuits, and suffer from severe wear due to mechanical friction speed regulation. It provides a centrifugal dual-feedback electromagnetic adaptive speed controller, which relies on the rotational centrifugal force to change the radial position of the components. It generates control current through two sets of independent electromagnetic induction feedback loops, and directly adjusts the motor drive current through a transistor to achieve automatic speed reduction when the speed exceeds the limit. The structure is simple and can realize passive speed adaptive regulation.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention A centrifugal dual-feedback electromagnetic adaptive speed controller includes a drive motor, a rotating disk, a first centrifugal sliding assembly, a second centrifugal sliding assembly, a first electromagnetic feedback unit, a second electromagnetic feedback unit, and a transistor control unit. The output of the drive motor is connected to the rotating disk, causing the disk to rotate around its axis. A radial first guide hole is formed on the rotating disk, and an elastic rubber block and a metal slider are disposed inside the first guide hole. The metal slider can slide radially along the first guide hole. As the disk rotates, the metal slider generates centrifugal force. When the centrifugal force exceeds the preload of the elastic rubber block, the metal slider slides radially outward, compressing the elastic rubber block and increasing the radius of rotation of the metal slider. A coil and an electromagnet connected in series are fixedly mounted on the metal slider. An externally mounted electromagnet continuously outputs an alternating electromagnetic field. The alternating electromagnetic field generates an induced current with varying intensity within the coil as the distance between the coil and the electromagnet changes. This induced current flows into the electromagnet connected in series, generating an alternating magnetic field. The alternating magnetic field couples to the coil, outputting a first control current. The rotating disk also has a radially arranged second guide hole, inside which an elastic rubber block and a permanent magnet are installed. The permanent magnet can slide radially along the second guide hole. When the rotation speed increases, the permanent magnet is compressed by centrifugal force, causing the elastic rubber block to move radially outward, changing the radius of rotation. When the permanent magnet rotates, the magnetic field cuts the coil, generating a second induced current. The first control current output from the coil and the second induced current output from the coil are input to the transistor control unit. The transistor control unit adjusts the drive current of the drive motor according to the magnitude of the input current.

[0006] When the drive motor speed is too high, the disk speed increases, and the metal slider and permanent magnet move radially outward under the action of centrifugal force. The distance between the coil and the external electromagnet increases, the electromagnetic coupling weakens, and the first-path control current output by the coil decreases. After the permanent magnet moves outward, the effective magnetic flux of the magnetic field cutting the coil decreases, and the second-path induced current output by the coil decreases. The transistor control unit receives the reduced current signal and reduces the power supply drive current of the drive motor, causing the drive motor speed to drop back to a reasonable range. After the speed drops, the centrifugal force decreases, the elastic rubber block pushes the metal slider and permanent magnet back to the center of rotation, the electromagnetic coupling is restored, the motor drive current rises again, and the adaptive closed-loop speed regulation is completed.

[0007] Beneficial effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention relies on centrifugal force-radial displacement-electromagnetic induction to complete the conversion of speed signals, eliminating the need for independent speed sensors such as Hall encoders, reducing sensor hardware, and simplifying the control system structure.

[0008] Two independent electromagnetic feedback paths are set up to dual-sensor speed changes, improving the reliability of speed regulation response.

[0009] It does not require a microprocessor and directly drives the transistor through the induced current to regulate the motor current, enabling adaptive speed limiting in some passive operating conditions and reducing complex calculation circuits.

[0010] Rotational speed feedback is obtained non-contactly through electromagnetic induction, eliminating mechanical friction pairs, reducing component wear, and extending the service life of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the centrifugal dual-feedback electromagnetic adaptive speed regulator of the present invention. Reference numerals: 1-Rotating disk, 2-First guide hole, 3-Elastic rubber block, 4-Metal slider, 5-Electromagnet, 6-Coil, 7-Electromagnet, 8-Coil, 9-Disk rotation shaft, 10-Coil, 11-Second guide hole, 12-Permanent magnet, 13-Elastic rubber block, 14-Drive motor, 15-Motor's own rotation shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0013] This embodiment discloses a centrifugal dual-feedback electromagnetic adaptive speed controller. The drive motor (14) can be a DC drive motor. The drive motor (14) rotates around its own rotation axis (15) on one hand, and outputs torque to drive the rotating disk (1) to rotate around the disk rotation axis (9) on the other hand.

[0014] A first radial guide hole (2) is opened on the rotating disk (1), and an elastic rubber block (3) is installed in the first guide hole (2) near the center of rotation. A metal slider (4) is assembled inside the first guide hole (2) and can slide radially along the disk. When the rotation speed of the rotating disk (1) is low, the centrifugal force is less than the elastic force of the elastic rubber block (3), and the metal slider (4) is in the inner position near the center of rotation. When the rotation speed increases, the centrifugal force increases, and the metal slider (4) overcomes the elastic force of the elastic rubber block (3) and slides radially outward, compressing the elastic rubber block (3).

[0015] A coil (6) and an electromagnet (5) are rigidly fixed on a metal slider (4), and the coil (6) and the electromagnet (5) are electrically connected in series. The electromagnet (7) is fixedly installed outside the rotating disk and continuously generates an alternating electromagnetic field. The coil (6) moves radially synchronously with the metal slider (4), and the air gap distance between the coil (6) and the electromagnet (7) changes with the radial position of the metal slider (4). As the air gap increases, the electromagnetic coupling weakens, and the amplitude of the alternating current induced inside the coil (6) decreases. The induced current of the coil (6) is directly fed into the electromagnet (5), and the electromagnet (5) generates an alternating magnetic field with corresponding changes in intensity. This alternating magnetic field is coupled to the coil (8), and the first control current is induced and output on the coil (8).

[0016] A second guide hole (11) is radially arranged on the rotating disk (1). An elastic rubber block (13) is set inside the second guide hole (11). The permanent magnet (12) is assembled in the second guide hole (11) and can slide radially. When the rotation speed increases, the centrifugal force of the permanent magnet (12) increases and moves radially outward, compressing the elastic rubber block (13). When the rotation speed decreases, the elastic rubber block (13) pushes the permanent magnet (12) back to the inner position. The permanent magnet (12) follows the rotating disk (1) to make a circular rotation. The magnetic field of the permanent magnet (12) cuts the stationary coil (10) and generates a second induced current in the coil (10). When the permanent magnet (12) moves radially outward, the relative magnetic coupling with the coil (10) weakens, and the amplitude of the induced current output by the coil (10) decreases accordingly.

[0017] The first control current output by coil (8) and the second induced current output by coil (10) are connected to the control electrode of the transistor control unit; the transistor control unit is connected in series in the main power supply circuit of the drive motor (14). The transistor control unit uses the two induced currents as control signals: the higher the amplitude of the input current, the higher the conduction degree of the transistor, and the greater the drive current of the drive motor (14); the lower the amplitude of the input current, the lower the conduction degree of the transistor, and the smaller the drive current of the motor.

[0018] The device operates as follows: The drive motor (14) drives the rotating disk (1) to rotate. When the motor speed is within the normal operating range, the metal slider (4) and permanent magnet (12) are located on the radial inner side, and the electromagnetic coupling is strong. The output current of the coil (8) and coil (10) is large, the transistor is fully turned on, and the motor operates normally. When the load changes or other factors cause the speed of the drive motor (14) to increase excessively, the speed of the rotating disk (1) increases synchronously. The metal slider (4) and permanent magnet (12) slide radially outward under the action of centrifugal force. The air gap between the coil (6) and the electromagnet (7) increases, and the output of the first control current of the coil (8) decreases. The permanent magnet (12) moves outward, and the output of the second induced current of the coil (10) decreases. When both currents decrease simultaneously, the transistor control unit reduces the power supply current of the drive motor (14), and the speed of the drive motor (14) decreases. After the rotational speed drops, the centrifugal force decreases, and the elastic rubber blocks (3) and (13) rebound, pushing the metal slider (4) and permanent magnet (12) back to a position close to the rotation center; the electromagnetic coupling is restored, the induced current rises, and the motor drive current rises again, realizing closed-loop adaptive speed limiting regulation.

Claims

1. A centrifugal dual-feedback electromagnetic adaptive speed controller, characterized in that, The system includes a drive motor (14), a rotating disk (1), a first centrifugal sliding assembly, a second centrifugal sliding assembly, a first electromagnetic feedback unit, a second electromagnetic feedback unit, and a transistor control unit. The output end of the drive motor (14) is connected to the rotating disk (1) to drive the rotating disk (1) to rotate around the disk rotation axis (9). The first centrifugal sliding assembly is disposed on the rotating disk (1) and includes a first guide hole (2), an elastic rubber block (3), and a metal slider (4). The metal slider (4) can slide radially along the first guide hole (2), and the metal slider (4) compresses the elastic rubber block (3) under the action of centrifugal force to change its own rotation radius. The first electromagnetic feedback unit includes an electromagnet (7), a coil (6), an electromagnet (5), and a coil (8); the coil (6) and the electromagnet (5) are connected in series and fixed on a metal slider (4); the electromagnet (7) generates an alternating electromagnetic field, which is coupled to the coil (6) to generate an induced current. The induced current is input to the electromagnet (5), and the alternating magnetic field of the electromagnet (5) is coupled to the coil (8) to output a control current; The second centrifugal sliding assembly is set on a rotating disk (1) and includes a second guide hole (11), an elastic rubber block (13), and a permanent magnet (12); the permanent magnet (12) can slide radially along the second guide hole (11), and the permanent magnet (12) compresses the elastic rubber block (13) under the action of centrifugal force to change its own radius of rotation; The second electromagnetic feedback unit includes a coil (10), and when the permanent magnet (12) rotates, its magnetic field cuts the coil (10) to generate an induced current; The transistor control unit receives the control current output by the coil (8) and the induced current output by the coil (10) respectively. The transistor control unit adjusts the drive current of the drive motor (14) according to the magnitude of the input current. When the speed of the drive motor (14) exceeds the set threshold, the speed of the rotating disk (1) increases, the metal slider (4) moves radially outward under the action of centrifugal force, increases the distance between the coil (6) and the electromagnet (7), the induced current of the coil (6) decreases, and the control current output by the coil (8) decreases after coupling through the electromagnet (5); at the same time, the permanent magnet (12) moves radially outward under the action of centrifugal force, the effective effect of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet (12) cutting the coil (10) weakens, and the induced current of the coil (10) decreases. The transistor control unit reduces the power supply current of the drive motor (14) based on the reduced input current, so that the drive motor (14) returns to a reasonable operating speed.

2. The centrifugal dual-feedback electromagnetic adaptive speed controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first guide hole (2) and the second guide hole (11) are through holes or blind holes opened radially along the rotating disk (1). The guide holes constrain the metal slider (4) and the permanent magnet (12) to only slide back and forth radially.

3. The centrifugal dual-feedback electromagnetic adaptive speed controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic rubber blocks (3) and (13) are respectively located on the inner end of the guide hole. The elastic rubber blocks provide radial inward reset force. When the rotation speed decreases and the centrifugal force decreases, they push the metal slider (4) and the permanent magnet (12) to reset towards the rotation center.

4. The centrifugal dual-feedback electromagnetic adaptive speed controller according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transistor control unit uses a current amplification / switching regulation circuit composed of transistors. The induced current output by coil (8) and coil (10) is used as the base control signal of the transistor, thereby changing the conduction current of the main circuit of the drive motor (14).

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