Ultra-wideband phase shifter based on coupled inductors for reuse

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of ultra-wideband phase shifter based on coupled inductance reuse, including magnetic coupling phase shift network and the two series-parallel phase shift networks of same structure being connected in series on the both sides of magnetic coupling phase shift network;Series-parallel phase shift network includes: two single-pole single-throw switches, a parallel ground network, a series network;Two single-pole single-throw switches are connected in series, and common connection point accesses parallel ground network, then the whole is connected in parallel with series network;Magnetic coupling phase shift network includes: by coupled inductance, series capacitor, parallel network and switch composition switchable phase shift amount magnetic coupling all-pass network structure.The phase shifter of the application has 9 times frequency range above while considering miniaturization, large angle phase shift amount and high phase shift precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microwave radio frequency integrated circuit technology, and in particular to an ultrawideband phase shifter based on coupled inductor multiplexing. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the development of unmanned intelligent systems, the market demand for miniaturized phased array radars has been increasing. Phased array radars need to accommodate more T / R components within the smallest possible area. As a crucial component of the T / R module, the chip area of ​​the phase shifter constrains the overall area of ​​the phased array system. In ultra-wideband phased array systems, the ultra-wideband phase shifter, due to its wide bandwidth coverage, requires more complex structures than low-pass or all-pass networks, resulting in a consistently large chip area and hindering the miniaturization of the entire ultra-wideband phased array system.

[0003] Chinese patent CN 120639044 proposes an ultrawide passive phase shifter based on a switched-capacitor dual-mode network. It utilizes an all-pass network and a parallel switching network, resulting in a smaller circuit area and the ability to achieve phase shifts of more than nine octaves, but with a small phase shift angle. Chinese patent CN 119543862 utilizes both magnetically coupled and non-magnetically coupled all-pass networks to achieve ultrawide phase shifts with large phase shift angles, covering a bandwidth exceeding seven octaves. However, its structure is more complex, and its circuit size is limited, making miniaturization difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide an ultra-wideband phase shifter based on coupled inductor multiplexing with more than 9 octaves, while taking into account miniaturization, large-angle phase shift and high phase shift accuracy.

[0005] Technical solution: To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an ultra-wideband phase shifter based on coupled inductor multiplexing, comprising a first parallel phase shifting network T1, a magnetically coupled phase shifting network T2, and a second parallel phase shifting network T3 connected in series.

[0006] The magnetic coupling network T2 includes: first and second capacitors, a fifth single-pole single-throw switch, first and second single-pole double-throw switches, first and fourth spiral inductors, and third and fourth parallel networks.

[0007] The second capacitor is connected in series with the fifth single-pole single-throw switch, and then connected in parallel with the first capacitor at the input and output terminals of the magnetic coupling network T2. The first and second spiral inductors are also connected to the input and output terminals of the magnetic coupling network T2, respectively. The other ends of the first and second spiral inductors are connected to the input terminals of the first single-pole double-throw switch and the second single-pole double-throw switch, respectively.

[0008] After the first output terminal of the first single-pole double-throw switch and the first output terminal of the second single-pole double-throw switch are connected, they are connected to the first terminal of the third parallel network; the second output terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected to the first terminals of the third spiral inductor and the fourth spiral inductor; after the second terminals of the third spiral inductor and the fourth spiral inductor are connected, they are connected to the first terminal of the fourth parallel network; the other terminals of the third parallel network and the fourth parallel network are grounded.

[0009] Preferably, the first spiral inductor and the second spiral inductor are intertwined to form a negative mutual inductance coefficient; the third spiral inductor and the fourth spiral inductor are intertwined to form a negative mutual inductance coefficient.

[0010] Preferably, the first parallel phase-shifting network T1 and the second parallel phase-shifting network T3 have the same structure and are symmetrically connected on both sides of the magnetically coupled phase-shifting network T2. Each includes: two single-pole single-throw switches, a first / second series network, and a first / second parallel network. The two single-pole single-throw switches are connected in series and then in parallel with the first / second series network to the input / output terminals of the first parallel phase-shifting network T1 / the second parallel phase-shifting network T3. The first end of the first / second parallel network is connected to the common terminal of the two single-pole single-throw switches, and the second end is grounded.

[0011] Preferably, when the phase shifter is in the ground state, all four single-pole single-throw switches in the first parallel phase shifting network T1 and the second parallel phase shifting network T3 are in the off state, the fifth single-pole single-throw switch in the magnetic coupling phase shifting network T2 is in the off state, the first output terminals of the first single-pole double-throw switch and the second single-pole double-throw switch are connected to the end of the third parallel network, and the second output terminal is in the off state.

[0012] When the phase shifter is in the phase-shifting state, all four single-pole single-throw switches in the first parallel phase-shifting network T1 and the second parallel phase-shifting network T3 are in the on state, the fifth single-pole single-throw switch in the magnetic coupling phase-shifting network T2 is in the on state, the first output terminals of the first single-pole double-throw switch and the second single-pole double-throw switch are both off, and the ends of the second output terminals connected to the third spiral inductor and the fourth spiral inductor are both on.

[0013] Preferably, the first and second series networks are composed of a single capacitor or a capacitor and inductor connected in series.

[0014] Preferably, the first to fourth parallel networks are composed of a single capacitor or a capacitor and inductor connected in series.

[0015] Preferably, the single-pole single-throw switch or single-pole double-throw switch is implemented using radio frequency components with switching performance, including: transistors, diodes or MEMS switches.

[0016] Beneficial effects: The present invention has the following advantages: 1. The present invention achieves partial multiplexing of the coupled inductor of the all-pass network by switching, which can reduce the area of ​​the ultra-wideband phase shifter; 2. By using a series-parallel switch compensation network, the phase shifter can perform more precise phase compensation at the low-frequency and high-frequency ends, and can achieve large-angle phase shift of more than 9 octaves and high phase shift accuracy, with a wider adaptability in terms of frequency band application range. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a circuit topology diagram of the ultra-wideband phase shifter in Example 1;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a circuit topology diagram of the ultra-wideband phase shifter in Example 2;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a circuit topology diagram of the ultra-wideband phase shifter in Example 3;

[0020] Figure 4 The figure shows the simulation results of the input-output VSWR of the ultra-wideband phase shifter in Embodiment 2 of this invention;

[0021] Figure 5 The figures show the simulation results of the insertion loss in the ground state and phase-shifted state of the ultra-wideband phase shifter in Embodiment 2 of this invention.

[0022] Figure 6 The figure shows the simulation results of the phase shifting accuracy of the ultra-wideband phase shifter in Embodiment 2 of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an ultra-wideband phase shifter based on coupled inductor multiplexing, including: a first and second series parallel phase shifting network T1 and T2, and a magnetically coupled phase shifting network T3. The three networks are connected in series in the following order: the first series parallel phase shifting network T1, the magnetically coupled phase shifting network T2, and the second series parallel phase shifting network T3.

[0026] The first parallel phase-shifting network T1 includes first and second single-pole single-throw switches SW1 and SW2, a first series network A1, and a first parallel network B1.

[0027] The first end and the second end of the first series network A1 are respectively connected to the input and output ends of the first series parallel phase-shifting network T1. The first single-pole single-throw switch SW1 and the second single-pole single-throw switch SW2 are connected in series and then connected to the input and output ends of the first series parallel phase-shifting network T1, forming a parallel relationship with the first series network A1. The first end of the first parallel network B1 is connected to the common end of the first single-pole single-throw switch SW1 and the second single-pole single-throw switch SW2, and the second end of the first parallel network B1 is grounded.

[0028] The magnetic coupling network T2 includes first and second capacitors C1 and C2, fifth single-pole single-throw switch SW5, first and second single-pole double-throw switches SD1 and SD2, first and fourth spiral inductors L1 and L4, and third and fourth parallel networks B3 and B4.

[0029] The first capacitor C1 is connected to the input and output terminals of the magnetic coupling network T2. The second capacitor C2 is connected in series with the fifth single-pole single-throw switch SW5 and then connected to the input and output terminals of the magnetic coupling network T2, forming a parallel connection with the first capacitor C1. The first end of the first spiral inductor L1 is connected to the input port of the magnetic coupling network T2, and the other end is connected to the input terminal of the first single-pole double-throw switch SD1. The first end of the second spiral inductor L2 is connected to the output port of the magnetic coupling network T3, and the other end is connected to the input terminal of the second single-pole double-throw switch SD2. The first output terminal of the first single-pole double-throw switch SD1 and the first output terminal of the second single-pole double-throw switch SD2 are connected together as the first common port. The first end of the third parallel network B3 is connected to the first common port, and the other end is grounded. The first end of the third spiral inductor L3 is connected to the second output terminal of the first single-pole double-throw switch SD1, the first end of the fourth spiral inductor L4 is connected to the second output terminal of the second single-pole double-throw switch SD2, and the second end of the third spiral inductor L3 is connected to the second end of the fourth spiral inductor L4 as the second common port. The first end of the fourth parallel network B4 is connected to the second common port, and the other end is grounded.

[0030] The first spiral inductor L1 and the second spiral inductor L2 are intertwined, forming a negative mutual inductance coefficient; the third spiral inductor L3 and the fourth spiral inductor L4 are intertwined, forming a negative mutual inductance coefficient; the two sets of negative mutual inductance coefficients can extend the bandwidth of the phase shifter.

[0031] The second parallel phase-shifting network T3 includes the third to fourth single-pole single-throw switches SW3 to SW4, the second series network A2, and the second parallel network B2.

[0032] The first and second ends of the second series network A2 are respectively connected to the input and output ends of the second series parallel phase-shifting network T3. The third single-pole single-throw switch SW3 and the fourth single-pole single-throw switch SW4 are connected in series and then connected to the input and output ends of the second series parallel phase-shifting network T3, forming a parallel relationship with the second series network A2. The first end of the second parallel network B2 is connected to the common end of the third single-pole single-throw switch SW3 and the fourth single-pole single-throw switch SW4, and the second end of the second parallel network B2 is grounded.

[0033] The first and second series networks A1-A2 and the first and second parallel networks B1-B2 are composed of a single capacitor or a capacitor-inductor connected in series. The third and fourth parallel networks B3-B4 are composed of a single capacitor or a capacitor-inductor connected in parallel.

[0034] When the phase shifter is in the ground state, the first to fourth single-pole single-throw switches SW1 to SW4 remain open, and the first to second single-pole double-throw switches SD1 to SD2 switch the RF path to the first common port. When the phase shifter is in the phase-shifting state, the first to fourth single-pole double-throw switches SW1 to SW4 remain closed, and the first to second single-pole double-throw switches SD1 to SD2 switch the RF path to the connection port with the third spiral inductor L3 and the fourth spiral inductor L4, respectively.

[0035] In the embodiments of the present invention, a switching method is used in the magnetic coupling network T2 to allow the ground state and phase-shifting state to share the coupling inductors L1 and L2. In the ground state, the first capacitor C1, coupling inductors L1 and L2, and parallel network B3 together form a fully passable network structure. In the phase-shifting state, the first capacitor C1, the second capacitor C2, coupling inductors L1, L2, L3, L4, and parallel network B4 together form a fully passable network structure to complete the phase-shifting function. This combination method effectively reduces the circuit area compared with the traditional ultra-wideband phase shifter method where the coupling inductors of the ground state and phase-shifting state are not shared. In the series-parallel phase-shifting networks T1 and T3, the first to second series networks A1 to A2 compensate for the phase-shifting accuracy at the low-frequency end, and the first to second parallel networks B1 to B2 compensate for the phase-shifting accuracy at the high-frequency end. The combination of the two can effectively improve the phase-shifting accuracy.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] This embodiment provides an ultrawideband phase shifter based on coupled inductor multiplexing. Compared with Embodiment 1, this embodiment uses transistors as a specific implementation of single-pole single-throw and single-pole double-throw switches. However, the switching implementation of this invention is not limited to this one method. It can also be implemented using radio frequency components with switching performance such as diodes and MEMS switches.

[0038] like Figure 2The ultra-wideband phase shifter of this embodiment specifically includes a first and second parallel phase shifting network T01-T02 and a magnetically coupled phase shifting network T02. The three networks are connected in series in the following order: the first parallel phase shifting network T01, the magnetically coupled phase shifting network T02, and the second parallel phase shifting network T03.

[0039] The zeroth parallel phase-shifting network T01 includes first and second transistors M1 and M2, and zeroth and zeroth capacitors C01 and C02.

[0040] The first and second terminals of the zeroth capacitor C01 are respectively connected to the input and output terminals of the zeroth series-parallel phase-shifting network T01. The radio frequency signal terminals of the first transistor M1 and the second transistor M2 are connected in series and then connected to the input and output terminals of the zeroth series-parallel phase-shifting network T01, forming a parallel relationship with the zeroth capacitor C01. The first terminal of the zeroth capacitor C02 is connected to the common terminal of the first transistor M1 and the second transistor M2, and the second terminal of the zeroth capacitor C02 is grounded.

[0041] The magnetically coupled phase-shifting network T02 includes capacitors C03-C06 (third to sixth), transistors M3-M11 (third to first), and spiral inductors L1-L4 (first to fourth). The combination of transistors M3-M7 (third to seventh) and transistors M7-M11 (eighth to eleventh) respectively implements the functions of the first single-pole double-throw switch SD1 and the second single-pole double-throw switch SD2 in the implementation scheme. The specific connection method is as follows.

[0042] The two ends of the fourth capacitor C04 are connected to the input and output terminals of the magnetically coupled phase-shifting network T02; the third capacitor C03 is connected in series with the RF signal terminal of the third transistor M3 and then connected to the input and output terminals of the magnetically coupled phase-shifting network T02, forming a parallel relationship with the fourth capacitor C04; the first end of the first spiral inductor L01 is connected to the input port of the magnetically coupled phase-shifting network T02; the first RF signal terminals of the fourth transistor M4 and the fifth transistor M5 are interconnected to form the first common terminal; the second end of the first spiral inductor L01... The first end of the zero-first spiral inductor L02 is connected to the output port of the magnetically coupled phase-shifting network T02. The first radio frequency signal terminals of the eighth transistor M8 and the ninth transistor M9 are connected to each other to form the zero-second common terminal. The second end of the zero-first spiral inductor L02 is connected to the zero-second common terminal. The second radio frequency terminals of the fifth transistor M5 and the ninth transistor M9 are connected to each other to form the zero-third common terminal. The first end of the zero-fifth capacitor C05 and the zero-fifth inductor L05 connected in parallel is connected to the zero-third common terminal, and the other end is grounded.

[0043] The first end of the third spiral inductor L03 is connected to the second radio frequency signal terminal of the fourth transistor M4 to form the fourth common terminal. The first radio frequency signal terminal of the sixth transistor M6 is connected to the fourth common terminal, and the other end is grounded.

[0044] The first end of the fourth spiral inductor L04 is connected to the second radio frequency signal terminal of the eighth transistor M8 to form the fifth common terminal. The first radio frequency signal terminal of the first zero transistor M10 is connected to the fifth common terminal, and the other end is grounded.

[0045] The second end of the third spiral inductor L03 is connected to the second end of the fourth spiral inductor L04, serving as the sixth common port. The first end of the sixth capacitor C06 is connected to the sixth common port, and the other end is grounded.

[0046] The first spiral inductor L01 and the second spiral inductor L02 are intertwined to form a negative mutual inductance coefficient; the third spiral inductor L03 and the fourth spiral inductor L04 are intertwined to form a negative mutual inductance coefficient; the two sets of negative mutual inductance coefficients can extend the bandwidth of the phase shifter.

[0047] In this embodiment, the parallel network B3 is implemented by connecting the fifth capacitor C05 and the fifth inductor L05 in parallel. Compared to existing all-pass networks which only have one parallel capacitor, the parallel resonant structure formed by the fifth capacitor C05 and the fifth inductor L05 in this embodiment can add a zero-phase point at the low-frequency end of the phase shifter, improving the phase shifting accuracy. However, the fifth inductor L05 will affect the low-frequency bandwidth and increase the loss at the low-frequency end. When using it, a larger inductance value should be selected to minimize the impact on the in-band loss.

[0048] The second series-parallel phase-shifting network T02 includes first two to first three transistors M12 to M13 and seventh to eighth capacitors C07 to C08.

[0049] The first and second terminals of the seventh capacitor C07 are respectively connected to the input and output terminals of the second series-parallel phase-shifting network T02. The RF signal terminals of the second transistor M12 and the third transistor M13 are connected in series and then connected to the input and output terminals of the second series-parallel phase-shifting network T02, forming a parallel connection with the seventh capacitor C07. The first terminal of the eighth capacitor C08 is connected to the common terminal of the second transistor M12 and the third transistor M13, and the second terminal of the eighth capacitor C08 is grounded.

[0050] When the phase shifter is operating in the ground state, transistors M1-M3 (first to third), M4 (fourth), M7 (seventh), M8 (eighth), M11 (first), and M12-M13 (first to third) are in the off state, while transistors M5-M6 (fifth to sixth) and M9-M10 (ninth to tenth) are in the closed state. When the phase shifter is operating in the phase-shifted state, transistors M1-M3 (first to third), M4 (fourth), M7 (seventh), M8 (eighth), M11 (first), and M12-M13 (first to third) are in the closed state, while transistors M5-M6 (fifth to sixth) and M9-M10 (ninth to tenth) are in the off state.

[0051] In the magnetically coupled phase-shifting network T02, a switching method is used so that the ground state and the phase-shifting state share the coupling inductors L01 and L02. In the ground state, the fourth capacitor C04, coupling inductors L01 and L02, and parallel capacitors C05 and L05 together form an approximately all-pass network structure. In the phase-shifting state, the fourth capacitor C04, the third capacitor C03, coupling inductors L01 and L02, coupling inductors L03 and L04, and parallel capacitor C06 together form an all-pass network structure to complete the phase-shifting function. This combination can effectively reduce the circuit area. In the series-parallel phase-shifting networks T01 and T03, the first capacitor C01 and the eighth capacitor C08 compensate for the low-frequency phase-shifting accuracy, while the second capacitor C00 and the seventh capacitor C07 compensate for the high-frequency phase-shifting accuracy. The combination of these two capacitors can effectively improve the phase-shifting accuracy.

[0052] Based on the circuit implementation of Embodiment 2, a phase shifter circuit with an operating frequency band of 2-18 GHz and a phase shift angle of 90° can be realized. The circuit uses GaAs pHEMT technology. The optimized circuit parameters using simulation software are as follows: Switches M1, M2, M3, M12, and M13 are 2×20µm in size; switches M4 and M8 are 6×40µm in size; switches M5 and M9 are 4×40µm in size; and switches M6, M7, M10, and M11 are 2×20µm in size. Capacitors C01 and C08 have a capacitance of 6.6pF; capacitors C02 and C07 have a capacitance of 0.01pF; capacitor C03 has a capacitance of 0.08pF; capacitor C04 has a capacitance of 0.05pF; capacitor C05 has a capacitance of 1.5pF; and capacitor C06 has a capacitance of 3.5pF. Inductors L01 and L02 have a capacitance of 0.77 nH; inductors L03 and L04 have a capacitance of 1.50 nH, with a mutual coupling coefficient of -0.7 for all; and inductor L05 has a capacitance of 3.67 nH.

[0053] like Figures 4-6The figure shows the simulation results (f0 = 2 GHz) of the input-output voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), insertion loss, and phase shift angle of the structure in Example 2. As can be seen from the figure, within a nine-octave ultra-wideband range, the input-output VSWR is less than 1.4, the insertion loss is less than 3.8 dB, and the phase shift error is less than 5°. Therefore, the structure proposed in this invention can achieve high phase shift accuracy and low phase shift error within a nine-octave ultra-wideband range.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] Based on Example 2, this example converts the parallel structure of the fifth capacitor C05 and the fifth inductor L05 into a single parallel connection of the fifth capacitor C15, as follows. Figure 3 As shown. This structure can reduce circuit area and losses, but it also reduces the number of zero-point phase difference changes. However, the phase shift accuracy is lower than that of Example 2. It is suitable for situations with high switch isolation and bandwidth less than nine octaves.

[0056] In Example 2, transistors M6-M7 (sixth to seventh) and M10-M11 (first zero to first one) are omitted in Example 3, leaving only series transistors M24-M27 (second to fourth to second to seventh). This is a simplified implementation of the first and second single-pole double-throw switches in the implementation scheme, suitable for situations requiring high switch isolation where no additional grounding switch is needed to improve isolation. This switch implementation can reduce circuit area.

Claims

1. An ultrawideband phase shifter based on coupled inductor multiplexing, characterized in that, It includes a first parallel phase-shifting network T1, a magnetically coupled phase-shifting network T2, and a second parallel phase-shifting network T3 connected in series. The magnetic coupling network T2 includes: a first and a second capacitor, a fifth single-pole single-throw switch, a first and a second single-pole double-throw switch, a first and a fourth spiral inductor, and a third and a fourth parallel network. The second capacitor is connected in series with the fifth single-pole single-throw switch, and then connected in parallel with the first capacitor at the input and output terminals of the magnetic coupling network T2. The first and second spiral inductors are also connected to the input and output terminals of the magnetic coupling network T2, respectively. The other ends of the first and second spiral inductors are connected to the input terminals of the first single-pole double-throw switch and the second single-pole double-throw switch, respectively. After the first output terminal of the first single-pole double-throw switch and the first output terminal of the second single-pole double-throw switch are connected, they are connected to the first terminal of the third parallel network; the second output terminals of the two single-pole double-throw switches are respectively connected to the first terminals of the third spiral inductor and the fourth spiral inductor; after the second terminals of the third spiral inductor and the fourth spiral inductor are connected, they are connected to the first terminal of the fourth parallel network; the other terminals of the third parallel network and the fourth parallel network are grounded.

2. The ultra-wideband phase shifter based on coupled inductor multiplexing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first spiral inductor and the second spiral inductor are intertwined, forming a negative mutual inductance coefficient; the third spiral inductor and the fourth spiral inductor are intertwined, forming a negative mutual inductance coefficient.

3. The ultra-wideband phase shifter based on coupled inductor multiplexing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first parallel phase-shifting network T1 and the second parallel phase-shifting network T3 have the same structure and are symmetrically connected on both sides of the magnetically coupled phase-shifting network T2. Each includes: two single-pole single-throw switches, a first / second series network, and a first / second parallel network. The two single-pole single-throw switches are connected in series and then in parallel with the first / second series network to the input / output terminals of the first parallel phase-shifting network T1 / the second parallel phase-shifting network T3. The first end of the first / second parallel network is connected to the common terminal of the two single-pole single-throw switches, and the second end is grounded.

4. The ultra-wideband phase shifter based on coupled inductor multiplexing according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the phase shifter is in the ground state, all four single-pole single-throw switches in the first parallel phase shifting network T1 and the second parallel phase shifting network T3 are in the off state, the fifth single-pole single-throw switch in the magnetic coupling phase shifting network T2 is in the off state, the first output terminal of the first single-pole double-throw switch and the second single-pole double-throw switch are connected to the end of the third parallel network, and the second output terminal is in the off state. When the phase shifter is in the phase-shifting state, all four single-pole single-throw switches in the first parallel phase-shifting network T1 and the second parallel phase-shifting network T3 are in the on state, the fifth single-pole single-throw switch in the magnetic coupling phase-shifting network T2 is in the on state, the first output terminals of the first single-pole double-throw switch and the second single-pole double-throw switch are both off, and the ends of the second output terminals connected to the third spiral inductor and the fourth spiral inductor are both on.

5. The ultra-wideband phase shifter based on coupled inductor multiplexing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first and second series networks consist of a single capacitor or a capacitor and inductor connected in series.

6. The ultra-wideband phase shifter based on coupled inductor multiplexing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first to fourth parallel networks are composed of a single capacitor or a capacitor and inductor connected in series.

7. The ultra-wideband phase shifter based on coupled inductor multiplexing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The single-pole single-throw switch or single-pole double-throw switch is implemented using radio frequency components with switching performance, including transistors, diodes, or MEMS switches.

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