Satellite communication method, electronic equipment and storage medium of fusion system

Abstract

The application provides a satellite communication method of fusion mode, an electronic device and a storage medium, which are applied to a satellite communication system of fusion mode. A second generation digital video broadcast satellite transmission system mode is used for downlink from a master station to a terminal of the satellite communication system, and a fifth generation mobile communication new air interface mode is used for uplink from the terminal to the master station. A timing time of a global navigation satellite system is used as a standard time, two-way time axis adjustment is performed according to a master station time delay and a terminal time delay, and an aligned time axis is obtained. Time axis adjustment ensures accurate execution of an uplink scheduling instruction, and classified packaging and addressing ensure accurate delivery of downlink scheduling instructions and data. The two together combine the advanced uplink access and complete protocol stack of 5G NR with the extreme downlink efficiency of DVB-S2 / S2X into a satellite communication system that is efficient, standard and scalable for operation, and the efficiency and stability of satellite communication are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of satellite communication technology, and in particular to a satellite communication method, electronic device and storage medium with integrated standards. Background Technology

[0002] The second-generation digital video broadcasting satellite transmission system (DVB-S2) / the extended version of the second-generation digital video broadcasting satellite transmission system (DVB-S2X) and the second-generation digital video broadcasting - return channel via satellite (DVB-RCS2) both focus on forward link transmission and backhaul channel interaction, together constituting the current mainstream satellite communication systems. The fifth-generation new radio (5GNR) serves three major scenarios: enhanced mobile broadband, ultra-reliable low-latency communication, and massive machine-type communication. Mainstream broadband satellite communication systems generally adopt a converged standard of DVB-S2 / S2X (downlink) and DVB-RCS2 (uplink) as their technical framework. 5G NR, however, is a completely new, software-defined network ecosystem, renowned for its flexibility, programmability, and network slicing capabilities.

[0003] The satellite downlink uses the 5G NR standard, whose spectral efficiency is lower than that of the DVB-S2 / S2X standard, which is optimized for satellite broadcasting, thus failing to fully leverage the high throughput advantage of satellite downlink. The DVB-RCS2 uplink, employing Multi-Frequency Time Division Multiple Access (MF-TDMA), suffers from relatively low spectral efficiency, poor resistance to frequency-selective fading, and complex system control, making it difficult to meet future demands for high spectral efficiency and reliable access. The combined DVB-S2 / S2X and DVB-RCS2 scheme primarily defines the physical and link layers, lacking a standardized, unified higher-level protocol stack (such as the network and transport layers) and a complete network architecture definition. This hinders global interconnection, large-scale deployment, and deep integration with terrestrial networks, resulting in insufficient satellite communication performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to propose a hybrid satellite communication method, electronic device, and storage medium that organically integrates DVB-S2 / S2X and 5G NR at the physical, link, and network layers through technical solutions such as time axis alignment, classification encapsulation, and addressing identification. This results in a novel hybrid satellite communication system with extremely high downlink broadcast efficiency, powerful uplink access performance, and a globally standardized network architecture, thus improving the stability and efficiency of satellite communication.

[0005] Based on the above objectives, this application provides a converged satellite communication method applied to a converged satellite communication system. The satellite communication system uses a second-generation digital video broadcasting satellite transmission system (DVR) for the downlink from the master station to the terminal, and a fifth-generation New Radio (NR) system for the uplink from the terminal to the master station. The converged satellite communication method includes:

[0006] The master station latency is determined based on the satellite ephemeris and the master station data, and the terminal latency is determined based on the satellite ephemeris and the terminal's master station data. Using the time synchronization time of the Global Navigation Satellite System as the standard time, a bidirectional time axis adjustment is performed based on the delay of the master station and the delay of the terminal to obtain an aligned time axis; An independent channel for storing broadcast signaling is extended within the logical channel of the downlink to obtain an extended logical channel; The downlink data in the extended channel is classified, encapsulated, and addressing identifiers are inserted to obtain a baseband frame; The target terminal invoked by the master station is determined based on the baseband frame, and the transmission time of the uplink data sent by the target terminal and the reception time of the uplink data received by the master station are determined based on the alignment time axis and the baseband frame.

[0007] Optionally, determining the master station delay based on satellite ephemeris and the master station's master station data includes: The main station propagation delay is determined based on the satellite position in the satellite ephemeris and the main station position in the main station data. The main station processing delay is determined based on the inherent parameters of the device in the main station data. The sum of the main station propagation delay and the main station processing delay is determined as the main station delay.

[0008] Optionally, determining the master station propagation delay based on the satellite position in the satellite ephemeris and the master station position in the master station data includes: The satellite position and the master station position are transformed to a preset target coordinate system to obtain the transformed satellite position and the transformed master station position; The propagation delay of the master station is determined by the first Euclidean distance between the converted satellite position and the converted master station position, and the ratio of the first Euclidean distance to the speed of light.

[0009] Optionally, determining the terminal latency based on the satellite ephemeris and the terminal's master station data includes: The terminal propagation delay is determined based on the satellite position in the satellite ephemeris and the terminal position in the terminal data. The terminal processing latency is determined based on the inherent parameters of the device in the terminal data. The sum of the terminal propagation delay and the terminal processing delay is determined as the terminal delay.

[0010] Optionally, determining the terminal propagation delay based on the satellite position in the satellite ephemeris and the terminal position in the terminal data includes: The satellite position and the terminal position are converted to a preset target coordinate system to obtain the converted satellite position and the converted terminal position; The second Euclidean distance between the switching satellite position and the switching terminal position is used to determine the terminal propagation delay, and the ratio of the second Euclidean distance to the speed of light is used to determine the terminal propagation delay.

[0011] Optionally, the alignment time axis includes a master station alignment time axis and a terminal alignment time axis; the step of using the global navigation satellite system's timing time as the standard time and adjusting the time axis bidirectionally according to the master station delay and the terminal delay to obtain the alignment time axis includes: Based on the standard time, the main station's time axis is adjusted backward according to the main station's delay to obtain the main station aligned time axis; Based on the standard time, the terminal time axis of the terminal is adjusted forward according to the terminal delay to obtain the terminal aligned time axis.

[0012] Optionally, the step of classifying, encapsulating, and inserting addressing identifiers into the downlink data according to the data type of the downlink data in the extended channel to obtain a baseband frame includes: The downlink data is encapsulated using a general stream encapsulation protocol to obtain an initial baseband frame; In the initial baseband frame, a first general stream encapsulation protocol header corresponding to downlink data of type broadcast is determined, and the tag type field of the first general stream encapsulation protocol header is set to a preset broadcast identifier; In the initial baseband frame, a second general stream encapsulation protocol header corresponding to downlink data of type terminal-specific is determined, and the label type field of the second general stream encapsulation protocol header is set to a preset terminal-specific identifier, and the label field of the second general stream encapsulation protocol header is set to the unique identifier of the corresponding terminal, thus obtaining the baseband frame.

[0013] Optionally, determining the transmission time of the uplink data sent by the target terminal and the reception time of the uplink data received by the master station based on the aligned time axis and the baseband frame includes: The expected standard time is determined based on the baseband frame, and the corresponding transmission standard time and reception standard time are determined. The transmission time is obtained by delaying the standard transmission time to the expected standard time on the terminal alignment time axis in the alignment time axis. The receiving standard time is advanced to the expected standard time on the master station alignment time axis in the alignment time axis to obtain the sending time.

[0014] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable by the processor, wherein the processor implements the method described above when executing the computer program.

[0015] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method described above.

[0016] As described above, this application provides a converged satellite communication method, electronic device, and storage medium applied to a converged satellite communication system. The downlink from the master station to the terminal uses the second-generation digital video broadcasting satellite transmission system standard, while the uplink from the terminal to the master station uses the fifth-generation mobile communication new radio standard. The master station delay is determined based on satellite ephemeris and master station data, and the terminal delay is determined based on satellite ephemeris and master station data. Using the global navigation satellite system's timing as the standard time, bidirectional time axis adjustments are performed based on the master station delay and the terminal delay to obtain an aligned time axis. By adjusting the time axis in opposite directions (master station adjusts backward, terminal adjusts forward) for both the master station and the terminal, the propagation and processing delays in both uplink and downlink are accurately compensated. This enables the frame structure and scheduling signaling of the 5G NR standard to be executed accurately on long-latency satellite links, successfully integrating the uplink access capability of 5G NR into the satellite communication system and overcoming the shortcomings of relatively low uplink spectral efficiency and poor multipath resistance of traditional DVB-RCS2.

[0017] An extended logical channel is created by extending the downlink logical channel to store broadcast signaling. Downlink data is then classified, encapsulated, and have addressing identifiers inserted based on its data type, resulting in a baseband frame. The target terminal invoked by the master station is determined based on the baseband frame, and the uplink data transmission time of the target terminal and the uplink data reception time of the master station are determined based on the aligned timeline and the baseband frame. Through timeline alignment, classification, encapsulation, and addressing identifiers, DVB-S2 / S2X and 5G NR are organically integrated at the physical, link, and network layers. This results in a novel hybrid satellite communication system with extremely high downlink broadcast efficiency, strong uplink access performance, and a globally standardized network architecture, improving the stability and efficiency of satellite communication. By establishing user-isolated extended logical channels and using classification, encapsulation, and addressing identifier insertion, each downlink data item is labeled on the physical layer broadcast channel. Terminals parse these labels to receive only data destined for themselves or broadcast data. This achieves precise downlink addressing support required by the 5G NR protocol stack within a high-efficiency broadcast channel.

[0018] Timeline adjustment ensures the precise execution of uplink scheduling commands, while classification, encapsulation, and addressing ensure the accurate delivery of downlink scheduling commands and data. Together, they combine the advanced uplink access and complete protocol stack of 5G NR with the extreme downlink efficiency of DVB-S2 / S2X into a highly efficient, standardized, and scalable satellite communication system, improving the efficiency and stability of satellite communication. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1a This is a schematic diagram of a conventional satellite communication network according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 1b This is a schematic diagram of the communication network of 5GNR according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a satellite communication system with integrated standards according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a satellite communication method for fusion technology according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the satellite-to-ground time delay in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram illustrating the frame alignment relationship based on absolute time alignment in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the alignment timeline after frame alignment in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the logical channel in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of baseband frame encapsulation according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the general stream encapsulation protocol header structure in the embodiments of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a satellite communication device with integrated communication standards according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in the embodiments of this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0023] In this article, it is important to understand that any number of elements in the accompanying figures is for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, and any naming is for distinction only and has no limiting meaning.

[0024] Based on the above background description, the following situations also exist in the related technologies: DVB-S2 / S2X is a core technology standard for high-orbit satellite communication, representing the pinnacle of satellite transmission efficiency, and is applied to forward link (downlink) transmission. Its technical features include: a) Advanced channel coding, employing LDPC and BCH concatenated codes, with coding performance approaching the Shannon limit. Compared to convolutional codes in first-generation technology standards, it can provide up to 30% capacity gain at the same signal-to-noise ratio, and significantly reduce the required transmit power for the same capacity. b) High-order modulation: supporting QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK, 32APSK, 64APSK, and 128APSK. c) Adaptive coding and modulation, allowing the system to dynamically select the most suitable modulation and coding scheme based on the real-time channel conditions at the terminal.

[0025] DVB-RCS2 defines a standardized uplink multiple access link specification to complement DVB-S2 / S2X, and is crucial for building interactive, two-way satellite broadband networks. Its technical features include: a) reusing the coding and modulation methods of DVB-S2 / S2X; b) supporting MF-TDMA multiple access mode, dividing the uplink frequency band into multiple frequency carriers, each carrier further divided into small time slots, allowing terminals to transmit data on specific frequency carriers at specific times.

[0026] 5G NR is the fifth-generation mobile communication standard, serving three major scenarios: enhanced mobile broadband, ultra-reliable low-latency communication, and massive machine-type communication. Its technical features include: a) multi-carrier technology based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). b) flexible frame structure and parameter sets, supporting selectable subcarrier spacing of 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz, 120kHz, and 240kHz. c) advanced channel coding, with LDPC codes for the data channel and Polar codes for the control channel, achieving performance close to the Shannon limit.

[0027] like Figure 1a The conventional satellite communication network shown, with its combined architecture of DVB-S2 / S2X and DVB-RCS2, represents the mainstream technical framework for global broadband satellite communication systems in related technologies, defining a complete solution from the physical layer to the link layer and network layer.

[0028] DVB-S2 / S2X is used for forward link data transmission, broadcasting forward and downlink data to all terminals. Terminals parse the data destined for them based on the destination address tag. User service data reuses baseband frames, reducing invalid data transmission and improving channel utilization efficiency; it uses efficient coding and modulation methods to improve spectral efficiency; and it employs continuous high-power single carriers, resulting in a low peak-to-average power ratio. DVB-S2 / S2X is mature and efficient, suitable for high-throughput service requirements.

[0029] DVB-RCS2 is used for reverse link (uplink) data transmission, transmitting terminal uplink data to the network side. Employing technologies such as MF-TDMA, the terminal transmits data in burst mode within specified frequencies and time slots. It offers robust QoS support, providing differentiated quality of service guarantees for various services such as voice, video, and data. It supports large-scale network deployment, enabling efficient access and management of tens to hundreds of thousands of terminals. It provides excellent mobility support, adapting to mobile platforms such as aviation, maritime, and vehicle-mounted systems, and natively supports IPv4 / IPv6 for seamless internet access.

[0030] like Figure 1b The 5G NR communication network shown is a completely new, software-defined network ecosystem whose core value lies in flexibility and programmability. Through three pillars—flexible air interface, standardized core network, and network slicing—the mobile network can be customized and dynamically adjusted on demand, much like software, to adapt to the needs of three major scenarios: enhanced mobile broadband, ultra-reliable low-latency communication, and massive machine-type communication.

[0031] The following issues arise after 5G NR is integrated with the DVB-S2 / S2X and DVB-RCS2 combined framework: 1. When the downlink based on 5G NR is applied to satellite forward link communication, its spectral efficiency is lower than that of DVB-S2 / S2X. 2. The uplink based on DVB-RCS2 adopts MF-TDMA addressing mode, which has lower spectral efficiency than 5GNR, poor resistance to frequency selective fading, and complex system control. 3. Satellite communication systems based on DVB-S2 / S2X and DVB-RCS2 lack standardized protocol stack and network architecture definitions.

[0032] This application embodiment integrates two standards, DVB-S2 / S2X and 5GNR, as follows: Figure 2 The integrated satellite communication system shown here employs different but optimal communication protocols for its overall architecture design (heterogeneous system integration) by using different protocols for the downlink and uplink of satellite communication, and standardizing the network architecture by introducing a 5G core network. This design is not a simple patchwork, but rather aims to fully leverage the respective technical strengths of DVB-S2 / S2X and 5G NR, and compensate for their respective shortcomings in satellite communication scenarios, forming an efficient, standardized, and complete system.

[0033] The core of the architecture design of the converged satellite communication system is the heterogeneous integration of downlink and uplink. This architecture fundamentally breaks away from the traditional approach of using the same technology for both uplink and downlink (such as DVB-S2 / S2X + DVB-RCS2) or adopting 5G NR entirely, and instead features a targeted heterogeneous design: The forward link (downlink from the master station to the terminal) adopts the DVB-S2 / S2X standard. Satellite downlink is essentially a point-to-multipoint broadcast or multicast. The DVB-S2 / S2X standard is optimized for this scenario, and its technical characteristics are highly matched to downlink requirements. It offers extremely high spectral and power efficiency, employing LDPC+BCH concatenated codes with coding performance approaching the Shannon limit, providing greater data throughput at the same bandwidth or power. It offers excellent broadcast capabilities: using continuous single-carrier waveforms with a low peak-to-average power ratio, it is very suitable for the high-power, continuous-wave operation mode of satellite traveling-wave tube amplifiers, enabling efficient and robust wide-area coverage. It is adaptable and supports high-order modulation: supporting high-order modulation from QPSK to 128APSK and adaptive coded modulation, dynamically optimizing transmission efficiency according to terminal channel conditions.

[0034] The reverse link (uplink from terminal to master station) adopts the 5G NR standard. Satellite uplink is a point-to-point multiple access system with limited terminal power. 5G NR's uplink multiple access technology (based on OFDM / DFT-s-OFDM) is more advanced and flexible. The 5G NR standard offers high spectral efficiency and strong anti-fading capabilities: OFDM-based multi-carrier technology better combats frequency-selective fading, and its flexible parameter set (subcarrier spacing) can adapt to different mobility and latency requirements. The 5G NR standard supports efficient large-scale terminal scheduling: 5G NR's scheduling mechanism and frame structure design can more finely and dynamically manage the access and resource allocation of massive numbers of terminals, improving system capacity. The 5G NR standard provides a complete modern protocol stack: it naturally integrates a globally unified 3GPP standard protocol from the physical layer to the application layer, providing rich and standardized services for upper-layer services.

[0035] Simultaneously, a 5G core network is introduced as a border gateway. This 5G core network not only connects the main station to external networks but also serves as the unified control and data exchange center for the entire satellite access network (including the main station, satellites, and all terminals). It is responsible for access authentication, mobility management, and session management for all terminals. Terminals, like 5G mobile phones, access the network and obtain services through the 5G core network. As an anchor point for data routing, it is responsible for forwarding user data between the satellite access network and the external Internet (or other data networks). The introduction of the 5G core network enables the entire satellite communication system to be built based on the globally accepted 3GPP standards, achieving standardization of network architecture and protocol stack.

[0036] In the converged satellite communication system, downlink data enters the system via the 5G core network and passes through the master station. At the master station, data is processed according to the 5G NR protocol stack to the RLC / MAC layer, and then adapted to the DVB-S2 / S2X physical layer through classification, encapsulation, and addressing schemes (using logical channels and extended GSE headers), before being broadcast to all terminals via satellite. Terminals receive their own data by identifying the RNTI in the GSE header. The downlink adopts the DVB-S2 / S2X system, multiplexing baseband frames for user service data to reduce invalid data transmission and improve channel utilization efficiency; it uses efficient coding and modulation methods to improve spectrum efficiency; and it employs continuous high-power single carriers, resulting in a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). DVB-S2 / S2X technology is mature and efficient, suitable for high-throughput service requirements.

[0037] In the uplink direction, data from the terminal is processed in the 5G NR protocol stack and then transmitted to the satellite via the 5G NR uplink air interface at the precise time calculated according to the timeline adjustment scheme, before being transmitted back to the master station. After receiving the signal, the master station routes the data to the Internet through the 5G core network. The uplink adopts the 5G NR system, using multi-carrier technology with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). It features a flexible frame structure and parameter set, supporting selectable subcarrier spacing of 15kHz, 30kHz, 60kHz, 120kHz, and 240kHz. Advanced channel coding is used, with LDPC codes for the data channel and Polar codes for the control channel, achieving performance close to the Shannon limit.

[0038] The core control of the converged satellite communication system (such as the generation of uplink resource scheduling commands UL-DCI) is completed by the master station / 5G core network. The scheduling commands are broadcast through an efficient downlink DVB link, and the terminal executes uplink transmission at a precisely synchronized time point (adjusted by the time axis), forming a reliable control and data transmission closed loop across heterogeneous air interfaces.

[0039] The converged satellite communication system employs DVB-S2 / S2X, optimized for broadcasting, for downlink to achieve maximum spectral efficiency, while using 5G NR, optimized for multiple access, for uplink to achieve high performance and flexibility. It leverages a 5G core network as a hub to achieve system-wide standardization and global interconnectivity. This design effectively addresses the issues of low downlink efficiency, limited uplink performance, and poor system standardization.

[0040] The following describes in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the satellite communication method of the integrated system provided by the embodiments of this application.

[0041] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the satellite communication methods of the converged system include: Step 301: Determine the master station latency based on the satellite ephemeris and the master station data, and determine the terminal latency based on the satellite ephemeris and the terminal's master station data.

[0042] The determination of the master station latency based on satellite ephemeris and master station data includes: The propagation delay of the master station is determined based on the satellite position in the satellite ephemeris and the master station position in the master station data. The processing latency of the main station is determined based on the inherent parameters of the equipment in the main station data. The sum of the main station propagation delay and the main station processing delay is determined as the main station delay.

[0043] The determination of the master station propagation delay, based on the satellite position in the satellite ephemeris and the master station position in the master station data, includes: Transform the satellite position and the master station position to the preset target coordinate system to obtain the transformed satellite position and the transformed master station position; The propagation delay of the master station is determined by the first Euclidean distance between the converted satellite position and the converted master station position, and by the ratio of the first Euclidean distance to the speed of light.

[0044] In specific implementation, such as Figure 4 The diagram shows the satellite-to-ground time delay. There are air interface propagation delays between the satellite and the master station, and between the satellite and the terminal, respectively: Delay_SG (delay for propagation to the master station before reaching the satellite) and Delay_SU (delay for propagation to the terminal before reaching the satellite).

[0045] Air interface propagation delay, stemming from the finite propagation speed of radio waves in space, is the primary component of the delay and requires dynamic calculation. This necessitates determining the satellite's three-dimensional position coordinates at any given time (typically in a geocentric inertial coordinate system or a geocentric-ground-fixed coordinate system) based on satellite ephemeris data. It also requires determining the locations of the master station (gateway) and terminals. The master station's location is generally its fixed geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude, and altitude) or geocentric coordinates. The terminal's location is obtained through its built-in GNSS module (such as GPS or BeiDou) to determine its current geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude, and altitude) or geocentric coordinates.

[0046] When calculating the propagation delay of the main station, firstly, coordinate system transformation is performed to unify the positions of the satellite, the main station, and the terminal to the same coordinate system (such as the geocentric coordinate system).

[0047] Then, determine the first Euclidean distance d_SG between the satellite position and the master station position in the same coordinate system: Based on the satellite ephemeris, obtain the satellite's position vector Pos_Sat(t) at the calculation time, and the known master station position vector Pos_GW from the master station data, calculate the Euclidean distance between them, obtaining the first Euclidean distance d_SG = || Pos_Sat(t) - Pos_GW ||. The propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum is approximately the speed of light c ≈ 3 × 10^8 m / s. The master station propagation delay Delay_SG = d_SG / c. This represents the time required for the signal to travel from the satellite's transmission to the master station's reception.

[0048] Next, determine the master station processing delay, Delay_GW. Master station processing delay is the data processing time on the master station device link. This includes the delays of demodulation, decoding, and protocol processing in the uplink receive link, and the delays of encoding and modulation in the downlink transmit link. In frame alignment delay calculations, it usually refers to the processing delay related to uplink reception. Master station processing delay is an inherent parameter of the device, precisely calibrated by the equipment manufacturer before shipment, or measured through loop testing during system deployment. It is a relatively stable empirical or measured value, a known fixed value.

[0049] Finally, the sum of the master station propagation delay and the master station processing delay is determined as the master station delay. That is, the master station delay TA1 = Delay_SG + Delay_GW. The master station delay is the amount of time the master station needs to send downlink control signaling (UL-DCI) in advance so that it can receive terminal data at the expected time Tn. Delay_SG compensates for the travel time of the signal from the satellite to the master station, and Delay_GW compensates for the processing time of the master station's own receiving channel.

[0050] In some embodiments, determining the terminal latency based on satellite ephemeris and the terminal's master station data includes: The terminal propagation delay is determined based on the satellite position in the satellite ephemeris and the terminal position in the terminal data. The terminal processing latency is determined based on the inherent parameters of the device in the terminal data. The sum of the terminal propagation delay and the terminal processing delay is defined as the terminal delay.

[0051] The determination of terminal propagation delay based on satellite positions in satellite ephemeris and terminal positions in terminal data includes: Transform the satellite position and terminal position to the preset target coordinate system to obtain the transformed satellite position and transformed terminal position; The second Euclidean distance between the converted satellite position and the converted terminal position is used to determine the terminal propagation delay, and the ratio of the second Euclidean distance to the speed of light is used to determine the terminal propagation delay.

[0052] In practice, when calculating the terminal propagation delay, the first step is to perform a coordinate system transformation to unify the positions of the satellite, the main station, and the terminal to the same coordinate system (such as the geocentric coordinate system).

[0053] Then, the second Euclidean distance d_SU between the terminal position and the master station position in the same coordinate system is determined: Based on the satellite ephemeris, the satellite position vector Pos_Sat(t) at the calculation time is obtained, and the known terminal position vector Pos_UE in the terminal data is used to calculate the Euclidean distance between them, resulting in the second Euclidean distance d_SU = || Pos_Sat(t) - Pos_UE ||. The propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum is approximately the speed of light c ≈ 3 × 10^8 m / s. The terminal propagation delay Delay_SG = d_SU / c. This represents the time required for the signal to travel from the terminal to the satellite.

[0054] Next, determine the terminal processing delay Delay_UE. Terminal processing time is the time it takes for data to be processed on the terminal device link. It mainly refers to the time elapsed from receiving downlink control signaling (UL-DCI) to starting to transmit uplink radio frequency signals, including the delays of demodulation, decoding, MAC layer scheduling, encoding, modulation, and other stages. Terminal processing time is an inherent parameter of the device, defined by the terminal manufacturer, and is a known fixed value. When the terminal accesses the network, this value can be reported to the master station as part of its capability information.

[0055] Finally, the sum of the terminal propagation delay and the terminal processing delay is determined as the terminal delay. That is, the terminal delay TA2 = Delay_SU + Delay_UE, which means that after the terminal receives the downlink control signaling (UL-DCI) issued by the master station, it needs to wait for TA2 time before sending data. Delay_SU compensates for the travel time of the signal from the terminal to the satellite, and Delay_UE compensates for the preparation time required for the terminal to send the signal from receiving the instruction.

[0056] Step 302: Using the time synchronization time of the Global Navigation Satellite System as the standard time, perform bidirectional time axis adjustment based on the master station delay and terminal delay to obtain an aligned time axis.

[0057] In practical implementation, the integrated satellite communication system uses the time of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) as the standard time. For example, starting with frame 0 at 00:00 on January 1, 1970, the frame number increments by 1 every 10ms. When the frame number storage register overflows, the frame number rolls back to 0, and this process repeats continuously. Due to master station delay and terminal delay, the frame alignment relationship between the master station timeline and the terminal timeline is based on absolute time alignment, as follows: Figure 5As shown, after the terminal receives the downlink control signaling (UL-DCI) from the master station, the uplink data sent at time Tn arrives at the master station after the master station delay and the terminal delay. The master station receives the uplink data at time Tn+TA1+TA2, which results in the reception time not meeting the expectation of the downlink control signaling (UL-DCI) to receive the uplink data at time Tn. Furthermore, after the uplink data is relayed by the satellite, due to the existence of delay, the timestamps of the transmitted uplink data are different at the terminal (timestamp Tn), the satellite (timestamp Tn+TA2), and the master station (timestamp Tn+TA1+TA2), which can easily lead to data verification failure and invalidate the corresponding data.

[0058] For example, the master station authorizes the terminal to transmit uplink data through downlink control signaling (UL-DCI), hoping to receive the uplink data transmitted by the terminal at the start time of frame number n (denoted as the expected time Tn). If the terminal sends uplink data at time Tn, the data will take the time to travel through the air interface (Delay_SG + Delay_SU), the master station processing time (Delay_GW), and the terminal processing time (Delay_UE). The uplink data will arrive at the master station at time Tn+TA1+TA2, which has exceeded the expected time Tn, which may easily lead to system errors or data failure.

[0059] This application embodiment uses bidirectional time axis adjustment to ensure that uplink data arrives at the master station's antenna port at the precise time Tn desired by the master station. The bidirectional time axis adjustment process is shown in the following embodiment.

[0060] In some embodiments, the time alignment includes a master station alignment time axis and a terminal alignment time axis; using the time of the Global Navigation Satellite System as the standard time, the time axis is adjusted bidirectionally according to the master station delay and the terminal delay to obtain the alignment time axis, including: Based on standard time, the master station's time axis is adjusted backward according to the master station's time delay to obtain the master station aligned time axis; Based on standard time, the terminal time axis is adjusted forward according to the terminal delay to obtain the terminal aligned time axis.

[0061] In practice, the alignment timeline after frame alignment is as follows: Figure 6As shown, since the standard time is the time provided by the Global Navigation Satellite System, the satellite time axis remains unchanged, i.e., it is an absolute time axis. Based on the master station's delay and the terminal's delay, the master station's time axis (the time axis of the master station's local clock) and the terminal's time axis (the time axis of the terminal's local clock) are adjusted in opposite directions to obtain an aligned time axis. Both the terminal and the master station need to adjust their time axes to compensate for frame number misalignment. Based on the satellite ephemeris and their own position information, the master station and the terminal can respectively determine their air interface delay from the satellite. Their signal processing delays are empirical or measured values. The master station needs to adjust its time axis backward to compensate for the signal delay between the satellite and the master station; this adjustment time is TA1. The terminal needs to adjust its time axis forward to compensate for the signal delay between the satellite and the terminal; this adjustment time is TA2.

[0062] Adjustment of the main station's timeline on the main station side: such as Figure 6 As shown, the main station needs to change its time axis backward (corresponding to...). Figure 6 Adjusting the time TA1=Delay_SG+Delay_GW on the right side of the time axis gives the master station's time alignment. This means that when the master station plans to receive uplink data from the terminal, its local clock needs to enter the corresponding receiving state "in advance" to offset the delay required for the signal to be transmitted back to the master station from the satellite.

[0063] Adjustment of the terminal time axis on the terminal side: such as Figure 6 As shown, the terminal needs to move its time axis forward (corresponding to...). Figure 6 Adjusting the time of TA2 = Delay_SU + Delay_UE (on the left side) yields the terminal-aligned time axis. This means that after receiving the uplink grant (UL-DCI), the terminal needs to "delay" the corresponding transmission time to compensate for the delay required for the signal to be transmitted from the terminal to the satellite.

[0064] Frame number alignment is achieved through bidirectional time axis adjustment. The frame / time slot number indicated in the downlink control signaling (such as UL-DCI authorization) sent by the master station is precisely aligned with the frame / time slot number of the terminal's actual uplink data transmission and the frame / time slot number of the data that the master station expects to receive. This ensures that uplink scheduling can still be executed correctly on satellite links with long latency.

[0065] For example, for uplink data sent by a terminal to be successfully received by the master station, the following process and corresponding delay are required: Terminal processing and transmission (Delay_UE): The time required for the terminal to prepare data and for the signal to leave the antenna.

[0066] Terminal-to-satellite air interface propagation (Delay_SU): The time required for a signal to travel from the terminal antenna to the satellite antenna.

[0067] Satellite processing and forwarding (usually included in the start of Delay_SG): satellite is received, frequency-converted, amplified, and then transmitted. This processing delay is usually fixed and is taken into account in the system design.

[0068] Satellite-to-master-station air interface propagation (Delay_SG): The time required for a signal to travel from the satellite antenna to the master-station antenna.

[0069] Master station reception processing (Delay_GW): The time required for the signal to undergo down-conversion, decoding, and other processing after entering the master station antenna.

[0070] The master station achieves early reception by adjusting its time axis backward. The master station expects uplink data packets to arrive at its antenna at absolute time Tn. The time required from when the uplink data packet leaves the satellite to when it is fully processed by the master station is TA1 = Delay_SG + Delay_GW. To align the processing completion time with Tn, the master station must begin receiving the data earlier. The master station adjusts its local time axis backward by TA1. This means that when the master station's adjusted clock displays Tn, its unadjusted absolute time is actually Tn + TA1. From an external perspective, the master station receives the uplink data TA1 time earlier, i.e., "early reception." The master station receives and forwards the uplink data that arrived at the satellite at absolute time Tn + TA1.

[0071] After receiving downlink control signaling (used to notify the terminal to send uplink data at a specific time), the terminal needs to calculate the actual transmission time. The terminal adjusts its local time axis forward by TA2. This means the local clock "runs fast." When the adjusted clock reaches the transmission time (corresponding to absolute time Tn - TA2), the unadjusted real-world time outside is actually earlier. Therefore, from an external perspective, the uplink data sent by the terminal after a delay of TA2 is considered "delayed transmission." The terminal sends a signal at absolute time Tn - TA2. This signal, after propagation and processing through TA2, arrives at the satellite precisely at absolute time Tn and is ready to be relayed to the master station.

[0072] By adjusting their respective timelines in opposite directions, the bidirectional path delays are jointly offset, ultimately ensuring that the uplink data packets arrive precisely at the master station at time Tn when the master station aligns its timeline (the principle is the same for downlink data), thus achieving strict alignment of uplink and downlink frames.

[0073] For example, if the master station latency is 5 seconds (TA1) and the terminal latency is 2 seconds (TA2), and the expected standard time Tn is 10:00:00, the master station informs the terminal via downlink control signaling that it expects to receive uplink data at 10:00:00. Upon receiving the downlink control signaling, the terminal sends the uplink data at 10:00:00 on its aligned timeline. Since the terminal's aligned timeline is adjusted forward by 2 seconds, 10:00:00 on the aligned timeline corresponds to 09:59:58 in absolute time. Therefore, the uplink data is sent at 09:59:58 in absolute time, and only then will it arrive at the satellite and be relayed at 10:00:00 in absolute time. On the terminal side, for the terminal's adjusted clock corresponding to its aligned timeline, the transmission time is delayed from 09:59:58 to 10:00:00. This "delayed" transmission of uplink data offsets the terminal latency.

[0074] For the master station, the satellite receives uplink data at an absolute time of 10:00:00 and forwards it to the master station. It takes 5 seconds for the data to reach the master station, meaning the absolute time of arrival is 10:00:05. However, on the master station's timeline, which is adjusted backward by 5 seconds, the uplink data arrives at the master station at 10:00:00. Therefore, for the master station's adjusted clock corresponding to the master station's timeline, the data reception time is advanced from 10:00:05 to 10:00:05. This "advanced" reception of uplink data offsets the master station's delay.

[0075] When transmitting uplink data by aligning the timeline, the timestamps of the uplink data at the terminal, satellite, and master station locations are all 10:00:00, which means there is no data transmission delay. This cancels out the delays of the master station and the terminal. Furthermore, the consistency of the timestamps simplifies the master station data verification process. That is, when the three timestamps are consistent or the error is within the preset error threshold, the uplink data is determined to have passed the verification and is valid.

[0076] Step 303: Extend the independent channel used to store broadcast signaling in the downlink logical channel to obtain the extended logical channel.

[0077] In practical implementation, in converged satellite communication systems, DVB-S2 / S2X downlink operates in broadcast mode, with all terminals receiving the same data stream. However, the 5G NR protocol stack requires precise delivery of data to specific terminals, creating a fundamental contradiction in their addressing methods. This application's embodiment achieves DVB downlink support for the 5G protocol stack through a classification encapsulation and addressing identifier insertion scheme. By establishing... Figure 7The diagram illustrates user-isolated logical channels. These logical channels reside between the RadioLink Control (RLC) sublayer and the Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer, storing the output data from the RLC sublayer. The MAC sublayer extracts data from the logical channels and encapsulates it into baseband frames (BBFrames). The logical channels employ an independent user design, meaning each user has its own independent data channel. Since the system contains a large amount of broadcast signaling, which does not belong to any single terminal and must be processed by all terminals, an extended logical channel is created by extending the logical channel with a separate channel for storing broadcast signaling.

[0078] Step 304: Classify, encapsulate, and insert addressing identifiers for the downlink data according to the data type in the extended channel to obtain the baseband frame.

[0079] In practical implementation, the Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE) header is reused at the MAC layer. The Label Type (LT) field and the Label field are used to identify the packet type and the terminal's Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI), respectively. Each packet is then labeled with an address tag on the physical layer's broadcast channel. The terminal parses the tag to receive only data destined for itself (LT=1 and Label matching its own RNTI) or broadcast data (LT=2). This enables precise downlink addressing required by the 5G NR protocol stack in the efficient DVB broadcast channel.

[0080] Ensuring efficient downlink transmission: This scheme allows the downlink to continue using the DVB-S2 / S2X standard optimized for satellite broadcasting, thereby fully leveraging its single-carrier, high-order modulation (such as 128APSK), and near-Shannon limit channel coding (LDPC / BCH) to achieve extreme spectral and power efficiency, resolving the potential spectral efficiency degradation issue that might arise if 5G NR were used for downlink. Simultaneously, the strategy of prioritizing broadcast channel scheduling ensures the reliability of system control signaling.

[0081] Downlink utilizes DVB-S2 / S2X to achieve efficient and robust broadcast data transmission; uplink utilizes 5G NR to achieve high spectrum efficiency, high reliability, and large-scale terminal access. The two are perfectly integrated, complementing each other's shortcomings in specific satellite communication scenarios.

[0082] Time axis adjustment ensures the precise execution of uplink scheduling commands, while classification encapsulation and addressing identifier insertion ensure the precise delivery of downlink scheduling commands and data. Together, they form a complete and reliable 5G-style "scheduling-transmission" closed loop under long latency and broadcast downlink channel conditions, guaranteeing the stable operation of the converged satellite communication system.

[0083] In some embodiments, downlink data is classified, encapsulated, and addressing identifiers are inserted according to the data type of downlink data in the extended channel to obtain a baseband frame, including: The downlink data is encapsulated using a general stream encapsulation protocol to obtain the initial baseband frame; In the initial baseband frame, a first general stream encapsulation protocol header corresponding to downlink data of type broadcast is determined, and the tag type field of the first general stream encapsulation protocol header is set to a preset broadcast identifier. In the initial baseband frame, the second general stream encapsulation protocol header corresponding to the downlink data of the terminal-specific type is determined, and the label type field of the second general stream encapsulation protocol header is set to the preset terminal-specific identifier, and the label field of the second general stream encapsulation protocol header is set to the unique identifier of the corresponding terminal, thus obtaining the baseband frame.

[0084] In practice, the classification encapsulation and addressing identifier insertion include the following steps: Step 1: Data classification and logical channel caching.

[0085] The input consists of downlink data packets from upper layers (such as the RLC sublayer), primarily including user plane data and control plane signaling. These downlink data packets are classified and buffered in different channels of the extended logical channel.

[0086] The extended logical channels include broadcast service channels for storing broadcast signaling and dedicated service channels for storing corresponding terminal signaling. The broadcast service channel is an independent, common logical channel. All broadcast / multicast signaling (such as system information, paging, and common configuration updates) that needs to be sent to all terminals is stored in this channel. The dedicated service channels are a series of independent logical channels, each corresponding to a specific user. Each registered terminal is assigned a unique dedicated service channel to buffer user plane data or dedicated control signaling (such as dedicated RRC signaling, uplink scheduling authorization UL-DCI, etc.) destined for that specific terminal.

[0087] Step 2: MAC sublayer scheduling and baseband frame encapsulation.

[0088] The MAC sublayer scheduler extracts data from the extended logical channel according to a predetermined strategy to assemble a baseband frame. The scheduling principle prioritizes broadcast signaling. The data extraction and assembly process is as follows: Figure 8 As shown: First, data is extracted from the broadcast service channel and placed into the header of the baseband frame data area to be encapsulated.

[0089] Then, based on the Quality of Service (QoS) policy (such as priority, latency requirements, and buffer status), data is extracted from each dedicated service channel in a polling manner or according to priority, and then appended to the baseband frame data area in sequence.

[0090] Finally, the data is encapsulated into an initial baseband frame. The assembled data blocks are then encapsulated with necessary frame headers (such as start characters and length indicators) to form a complete initial baseband frame. At this point, the initial baseband frame contains a simple concatenation of raw data packets from different channels.

[0091] Step 3: Extended Encapsulation and Addressing Identifier Insertion. This step is the core of implementing downlink unicast addressing. Since DVB-S2 / S2X is a broadcast channel, all terminals can demodulate the same initial baseband frame. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the ownership of data packets at the packet level.

[0092] The GSE encapsulation process involves encapsulating the data within the initial baseband frame (which may contain multiple raw data packets from different logical channels) according to a common stream encapsulation protocol. GSE is a protocol for efficiently encapsulating network layer data packets such as IP packets within MPEG-TS streams or baseband frames.

[0093] The core technical approach is to reuse GSE header fields: The GSE packet header is the Generic Stream Encapsulation Header (GSE_hdr), and the structure of GSE_hdr is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, addressing information is carried through the LT and Label fields in GSE_hdr.

[0094] For broadcast packets, set the LT field of GSE_hdr to 2. In this case, the Label field may not be used for addressing or to identify multicast groups.

[0095] For unicast packets destined for a specific terminal: set its LT field to 1, and simultaneously set its Label field to the terminal's temporary radio network identifier. The temporary radio network identifier is a short identifier used in the 5G NR protocol to uniquely identify a terminal over the air interface. After inserting the identifier into the initial baseband frame, a baseband frame for transmission to the physical layer is obtained.

[0096] Step 4: Physical Layer Transmission The baseband frames that have been classified, encapsulated, and have had addressing identifiers inserted are sent to the DVB-S2 / S2X physical layer for channel coding and modulation, and then broadcast via satellite.

[0097] Step 305: Determine the target terminal to be called by the master station based on the baseband frame, and determine the transmission time of the target terminal sending uplink data and the reception time of the master station receiving uplink data based on the aligned time axis and the baseband frame.

[0098] In practice, when a baseband frame is broadcast to the terminal, under the DVB-S2 / S2X system, a single-carrier mode is used, and air interface resources are transparent. Each terminal can resolve the baseband frame and sequentially or simultaneously identify the LT field and Label field corresponding to each data packet. If the LT field of the identified data packet is 2, it indicates that the data packet is broadcast data, which can be accepted by each terminal, and the data packet is received. If the LT field of the identified data packet is 1, it indicates that the data packet is a dedicated service data packet. It is necessary to match the local wireless network temporary identifier in the Label field with the terminal's own local wireless network temporary identifier. If the local wireless network temporary identifier and the wireless network temporary identifier are consistent, it indicates that the data packet is transmitted specifically to this terminal, and the terminal receives the data packet. If the local wireless network temporary identifier and the wireless network temporary identifier are inconsistent, it indicates that the data packet is transmitted specifically to other terminals, and the terminal rejects the data packet.

[0099] If broadcast data packets exist, all terminals can be identified as target terminals; if dedicated service data packets exist, the interrupt corresponding to the dedicated service data packet can be used as the target terminal. The target terminal responds to the master station's request and determines the transmission time for sending uplink data based on the aligned time axis and baseband frame. Similarly, it determines the master station's reception time for receiving uplink data based on the aligned time axis and baseband frame.

[0100] Specifically, determining the transmission time of uplink data sent by the target terminal and the reception time of uplink data received by the master station based on the aligned time axis and baseband frame includes: The expected standard time is determined based on the baseband frame, and the corresponding transmission and reception standard times are determined accordingly. The transmission time is obtained by delaying the standard transmission time to the expected standard time on the terminal alignment time axis in the alignment time axis. The receiving standard time is advanced to the expected standard time on the master station's aligned time axis to obtain the sending time.

[0101] In practical implementation, the expected standard time Tn is the time when the master station expects to receive uplink data, for example, 10:00:00. If the master station delay is TA1 (5 seconds) and the terminal delay is TA2 (2 seconds), it means that the terminal's aligned time axis is adjusted forward by 2 seconds. Therefore, 10:00:00 on the terminal's aligned time axis corresponds to 09:59:58 in absolute time, meaning 09:59:58 is the standard time (absolute time) for sending uplink data. If uplink data is required to arrive at the satellite and be forwarded at the absolute time of 10:00:00, the terminal side postpones the transmission time from the standard transmission time 09:59:58 on the terminal's aligned time axis to the expected standard time 10:00:00 on the terminal's aligned time axis. This "delayed" transmission of uplink data offsets the terminal delay.

[0102] For the master station, the satellite receives uplink data at an absolute time of 10:00:00 and forwards it to the master station. It takes 5 seconds for the data to reach the master station, meaning the standard reception time (absolute time) at the master station is 10:00:05. However, on the master station's timeline, which is adjusted backward by 5 seconds, the uplink data arrives at the master station at 10:00:00. On the master station's side, the reception time is advanced from the standard reception time of 10:00:05 on the master station's timeline to the expected standard time of 10:00:00 on the master station's timeline. This "advanced" reception of uplink data offsets the master station's delay.

[0103] With absolute time remaining constant, the time readings of the master station and the terminal are changed by bidirectionally adjusting the time axis. This ensures the consistency of time between the terminal, satellite, and master station, even with time delays, thus guaranteeing the stability and effectiveness of data transmission.

[0104] It should be noted that the method in this embodiment can be executed by a single device, such as a computer or server. The method can also be applied in a distributed scenario, where multiple devices cooperate to complete the task. In such a distributed scenario, one of these devices may execute only one or more steps of the method in this embodiment, and the multiple devices will interact with each other to complete the method described.

[0105] It should be noted that the above description describes some embodiments of this application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recorded in the claims can be performed in a different order than that shown in the above embodiments and still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0106] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a satellite communication device with integrated standards.

[0107] refer to Figure 10 The satellite communication device with the integrated standard includes: The latency determination module 10 is configured to: determine the master station latency based on the satellite ephemeris and the master station data, and determine the terminal latency based on the satellite ephemeris and the terminal's master station data; The time axis adjustment module 20 is configured to: use the time synchronization time of the Global Navigation Satellite System as the standard time, and perform bidirectional time axis adjustment based on the master station delay and the terminal delay to obtain an aligned time axis; The channel extension module 30 is configured to extend an independent channel used for storing broadcast signaling in the downlink logical channel to obtain an extended logical channel; The addressing and encapsulation module 40 is configured to classify and encapsulate downlink data and insert addressing identifiers according to the data type of downlink data in the extended channel to obtain a baseband frame. The time adjustment module 50 is configured to: determine the target terminal to be called by the master station based on the baseband frame, and determine the transmission time of the target terminal sending uplink data and the reception time of the master station receiving uplink data based on the aligned time axis and the baseband frame.

[0108] For ease of description, the above devices are described in terms of function, divided into various modules. Of course, in implementing this application, the functions of each module can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware.

[0109] The apparatus described above is used to implement the satellite communication method of the corresponding fusion standard in any of the foregoing embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0110] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, this application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the satellite communication method of the fusion standard described in any of the above embodiments.

[0111] Figure 11 This embodiment illustrates a more specific hardware structure of an electronic device. The device may include a processor 1010, a memory 1020, an input / output interface 1030, a communication interface 1040, and a bus 1050. The processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040 are interconnected internally via the bus 1050.

[0112] The processor 1010 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification.

[0113] The memory 1020 can be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), static storage device, dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 1020 can store the operating system and other applications. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented by software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 1020 and is called and executed by the processor 1010.

[0114] The input / output interface 1030 is used to connect input / output modules to realize information input and output. Input / output modules can be configured as components within the device (not shown in the figure) or externally connected to the device to provide corresponding functions. Input devices may include keyboards, mice, touchscreens, microphones, various sensors, etc., while output devices may include displays, speakers, vibrators, indicator lights, etc.

[0115] The communication interface 1040 is used to connect a communication module (not shown in the figure) to enable communication between this device and other devices. The communication module can communicate via wired means (such as USB, Ethernet cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.).

[0116] Bus 1050 includes a pathway for transmitting information between various components of the device, such as processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040.

[0117] It should be noted that although the above-described device only shows the processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, communication interface 1040, and bus 1050, in specific implementations, the device may also include other components necessary for normal operation. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described device may only include the components necessary for implementing the embodiments of this specification, and not necessarily all the components shown in the figures.

[0118] The electronic devices described above are used to implement the satellite communication method of the corresponding fusion standard in any of the foregoing embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0119] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the satellite communication method of the converged system as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0120] The computer-readable medium of this embodiment includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage can be implemented by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transfer medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device.

[0121] The computer instructions stored in the storage medium of the above embodiments are used to cause the computer to execute the satellite communication method of the converged system as described in any of the above embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0122] It is understood that before using the technical solutions of the various embodiments in this application, users will be informed of the type, scope of use, and usage scenarios of the personal information involved in an appropriate manner, and user authorization will be obtained.

[0123] For example, upon receiving a user's active request, a prompt message is sent to the user to explicitly inform them that the requested operation will require the acquisition and use of the user's personal information. This allows the user to independently choose, based on the prompt message, whether to provide personal information to the software or hardware such as electronic devices, applications, servers, or storage media performing the operations described in this application.

[0124] As an optional but not limited implementation, in response to a user's active request, sending a prompt message to the user can be done via a pop-up window, where the prompt message can be presented in text format. Furthermore, the pop-up window can also include a selection control allowing the user to choose "agree" or "disagree" to provide personal information to the electronic device.

[0125] It is understood that the above notification and user authorization process is merely illustrative and does not limit the implementation of this application. Other methods that comply with relevant laws and regulations may also be applied to the implementation of this application.

[0126] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of this application is limited to these examples; under the concept of this application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of the embodiments of this application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

[0127] Additionally, to simplify the description and discussion, and to avoid obscuring the embodiments of this application, the well-known power / ground connections to integrated circuit (IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown in the provided drawings. Furthermore, the apparatus may be shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the embodiments of this application, and this also takes into account the fact that the details of the implementation of these block diagram apparatuses are highly dependent on the platform on which the embodiments of this application will be implemented (i.e., these details should be fully understood by those skilled in the art). While specific details (e.g., circuits) have been set forth to describe exemplary embodiments of this application, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of this application can be implemented without these specific details or with variations thereof. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0128] Although this application has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many substitutions, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM)) may be used with the embodiments discussed.

[0129] The embodiments of this application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the claims of this application. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A satellite communication method integrating multiple standards, wherein, A satellite communication system applied to a converged standard, wherein the downlink of the satellite communication system from the master station to the terminal adopts the second-generation digital video broadcasting satellite transmission system standard, and the uplink of the satellite communication system from the terminal to the master station adopts the fifth-generation mobile communication new air interface standard, the satellite communication method of the converged standard includes: The master station latency is determined based on the satellite ephemeris and the master station data, and the terminal latency is determined based on the satellite ephemeris and the terminal's master station data. Using the time synchronization time of the Global Navigation Satellite System as the standard time, a bidirectional time axis adjustment is performed based on the delay of the master station and the delay of the terminal to obtain an aligned time axis; An independent channel for storing broadcast signaling is extended within the logical channel of the downlink to obtain an extended logical channel; The downlink data in the extended channel is classified, encapsulated, and addressing identifiers are inserted to obtain a baseband frame; The target terminal invoked by the master station is determined based on the baseband frame, and the transmission time of the uplink data sent by the target terminal and the reception time of the uplink data received by the master station are determined based on the alignment time axis and the baseband frame.

2. The satellite communication method with integrated standards according to claim 1, wherein, The process of determining the master station latency based on satellite ephemeris and the master station's master station data includes: The main station propagation delay is determined based on the satellite position in the satellite ephemeris and the main station position in the main station data. The main station processing delay is determined based on the inherent parameters of the device in the main station data. The sum of the main station propagation delay and the main station processing delay is determined as the main station delay.

3. The satellite communication method with integrated standards according to claim 2, wherein, The step of determining the master station propagation delay based on the satellite position in the satellite ephemeris and the master station position in the master station data includes: The satellite position and the master station position are transformed to a preset target coordinate system to obtain the transformed satellite position and the transformed master station position; The propagation delay of the master station is determined by the first Euclidean distance between the converted satellite position and the converted master station position, and the ratio of the first Euclidean distance to the speed of light.

4. The satellite communication method with integrated standards according to claim 1, wherein, The step of determining the terminal latency based on the satellite ephemeris and the terminal's master station data includes: The terminal propagation delay is determined based on the satellite position in the satellite ephemeris and the terminal position in the terminal data. The terminal processing latency is determined based on the inherent parameters of the device in the terminal data. The sum of the terminal propagation delay and the terminal processing delay is determined as the terminal delay.

5. The satellite communication method with integrated standards according to claim 4, wherein, Determining the terminal propagation delay based on the satellite position in the satellite ephemeris and the terminal position in the terminal data includes: The satellite position and the terminal position are converted to a preset target coordinate system to obtain the converted satellite position and the converted terminal position; The second Euclidean distance between the switching satellite position and the switching terminal position is used to determine the terminal propagation delay, and the ratio of the second Euclidean distance to the speed of light is used to determine the terminal propagation delay.

6. The satellite communication method with integrated standards according to claim 1, wherein, The alignment time axis includes a master station alignment time axis and a terminal alignment time axis; the step of using the global navigation satellite system's timing time as the standard time and adjusting the time axis bidirectionally according to the master station delay and the terminal delay to obtain the alignment time axis includes: Based on the standard time, the main station's time axis is adjusted backward according to the main station's delay to obtain the main station aligned time axis; Based on the standard time, the terminal time axis of the terminal is adjusted forward according to the terminal delay to obtain the terminal aligned time axis.

7. The satellite communication method with integrated standards according to claim 1, wherein, The step of classifying, encapsulating, and inserting addressing identifiers into the downlink data according to the data type of the downlink data in the extended channel to obtain a baseband frame includes: The downlink data is encapsulated using a general stream encapsulation protocol to obtain an initial baseband frame; In the initial baseband frame, a first general stream encapsulation protocol header corresponding to downlink data of type broadcast is determined, and the tag type field of the first general stream encapsulation protocol header is set to a preset broadcast identifier; In the initial baseband frame, a second general stream encapsulation protocol header corresponding to downlink data of type terminal-specific is determined, and the label type field of the second general stream encapsulation protocol header is set to a preset terminal-specific identifier, and the label field of the second general stream encapsulation protocol header is set to the unique identifier of the corresponding terminal, thus obtaining the baseband frame.

8. The satellite communication method with integrated standards according to claim 1, wherein, Determining the transmission time of the uplink data sent by the target terminal and the reception time of the uplink data received by the master station based on the aligned time axis and the baseband frame includes: The expected standard time is determined based on the baseband frame, and the corresponding transmission standard time and reception standard time are determined. The transmission time is obtained by delaying the standard transmission time to the expected standard time on the terminal alignment time axis in the alignment time axis. The receiving standard time is advanced to the expected standard time on the master station alignment time axis in the alignment time axis to obtain the sending time.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein, When the processor executes the program, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, wherein, The computer instructions are used to cause the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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