Integrated satellite-ground three-layer network communication system, satellite system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of star-ground integrated three-layer network communication systems, satellite systems and methods, it is related to satellite communication and space information network technical field.The communication system is deployed on satellite, including: each other with IP protocol communication's intrasat Ethernet backbone layer, inter-satellite laser link layer and star-ground IPoC gateway layer.Intrasat Ethernet backbone layer has dense type computing task processing, IP data packet routing decision and intrasat heterogeneous equipment data exchange etc.Function;Inter-satellite laser link layer is used to communicate with adjacent satellite;Star-ground IPoC gateway layer is used to utilize IPoC protocol and through X waveband radio frequency link and ground station between data or instruction transmission.The application realizes the intrasat, inter-satellite, star-ground unified IP network, supports end-to-end IP data transmission, distributed on-orbit collaborative computing and traditional relay etc.Working mode, greatly improves the transmission timeliness of remote sensing data and the utilization efficiency of on-board computing resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of satellite communication and space information network technology, specifically relating to a three-layer integrated space-ground network communication system, satellite system, and method. Background Technology

[0002] As my country's satellite communication and remote sensing technologies rapidly evolve towards higher speeds, networking, and intelligence, space information networks are developing from single remote sensing or communication functions towards integrated communication and remote sensing. In fields such as power infrastructure inspection, marine environmental monitoring, and natural disaster emergency response, users are placing unprecedented demands on the timeliness, coverage frequency, and intelligent processing capabilities of remote sensing data. However, existing satellite communication systems lack seamless interconnection capabilities between onboard data networks and terrestrial Internet Protocol (IP) networks.

[0003] Currently, data transmission from low-Earth orbit satellite constellations mainly employs the following technical solutions: Option 1: The traditional Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCDS) protocol framework. The Advanced Orbiting Systems (AOS) standard developed by CCSDS is currently the widely adopted data transmission protocol in the aerospace field. This option encapsulates remote sensing data into CCSDS Virtual Channel Data Units (VCDUs), transmits them to the ground station via a satellite-to-ground radio frequency link, and then the ground station uses dedicated protocol processing software to restore the data to a usable format. In this option, complex protocol conversion is required between the onboard network and the ground IP network, and the various onboard subsystems typically communicate using independent dedicated buses (such as Controller Area Network (CAN) buses, 1553B buses, etc.), lacking a unified IP-based data transmission backbone.

[0004] Option 2: Partial IP-based Solution. In recent years, some new satellites have begun to introduce Ethernet technology onboard, such as using Gigabit Ethernet to connect onboard payloads and storage devices. However, these solutions typically only achieve IP-based connectivity locally onboard. Inter-satellite links still use proprietary non-IP protocols, and satellite-to-ground links remain based on the traditional CCSDS architecture. This results in the inability to achieve end-to-end IP data transmission and seamless interconnection between onboard and terrestrial IP networks.

[0005] Option 3: Inter-satellite link relay solution. Some constellation systems are configured with inter-satellite laser links for relaying user data between satellites. However, this type of solution is mainly geared towards relaying communication services and does not include an integrated design for on-orbit aggregation, intelligent processing, and collaborative transmission of remote sensing data. It also does not construct a unified three-layer IP-based network architecture from intra-satellite payloads to inter-satellite relays to satellite-to-ground gateways.

[0006] The above-mentioned existing technologies have the following main drawbacks: (1) Fragmentation of on-board data networks. Each subsystem of traditional satellites uses its own independent dedicated bus and protocol. Data needs to undergo multiple protocol conversions during intra-satellite flow, resulting in low transmission efficiency and high system complexity. (2) Incompatibility between satellite and ground protocols. On-board satellites use aerospace-specific protocols such as CCSDS, while ground satellites use standard IP protocols. There is a lack of a unified protocol conversion mechanism between the two, and ground users cannot directly access on-board resources using standard IP interfaces. (3) Lack of end-to-end networking capabilities. Existing solutions cannot construct an end-to-end IP-based data transmission link from intra-satellite payload access, inter-satellite data relay, to satellite-ground protocol conversion. (4) Separation of communication and remote sensing functions. In traditional solutions, the communication subsystem and remote sensing subsystem operate independently, making it impossible to deeply integrate communication capabilities with remote sensing capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology, this invention provides a space-ground integrated three-layer network communication system and method based on the IPoC protocol. The technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a space-ground integrated three-layer network communication system, deployed on a satellite, the communication system comprising: The satellite system comprises an intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer, an inter-satellite laser link layer, and a satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer, the inter-satellite laser link layer, and the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer communicate with each other using the IP protocol. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer is connected to the inter-satellite laser link layer and the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer via Ethernet interfaces. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer is also connected to heterogeneous devices within the satellite. The satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer is connected to the data transmission and storage integrated unit of the satellite. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer is used for processing intensive computing tasks, making IP packet routing decisions, exchanging data between different heterogeneous devices within the satellite, and transmitting information with the inter-satellite laser link layer and the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer. The inter-satellite laser link layer is used to form a communication link with the inter-satellite laser link layers of neighboring satellites of the satellite, so as to transmit information with the neighboring satellites of the satellite. The satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer is used to encapsulate IP data packets transmitted by the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer into CCSDS AOS frames using the IPoC protocol to obtain IPoC frames, and transmit the IPoC frames to the data transmission and storage integrated unit. The data transmission and storage integrated unit sends the IPoC frames to the X-band phased array antenna of the satellite, and the X-band phased array antenna transmits the IPoC frames to the ground station where the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer is deployed. Additionally, it receives the IPoC frames sent by the ground station from the data transmission and storage integrated unit, decapsulates the IPoC frames into IP data packets, and sends the IP data packets to the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer.

[0008] Secondly, the present invention provides a satellite system based on a space-ground integrated three-layer network communication system. The satellite system includes multiple satellites, each of which is equipped with the aforementioned space-ground integrated three-layer network communication system. The working mode of the satellite system includes a distributed on-orbit computing mode. In the distributed on-orbit computing mode, the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite divides the raw imaging data acquired by the heterogeneous intra-satellite equipment into M sub-task data packets, and distributes the M-1 sub-task data packets to the inter-satellite laser link layers of the M-1 satellites adjacent to the first satellite via the first satellite's inter-satellite laser link layer. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layers of the first satellite and the M-1 satellites respectively perform parallel processing on the received sub-task data packets, generating corresponding sub-processing results. The M-1 satellites transmit the sub-processing results back to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite via their respective inter-satellite laser link layers. The inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite transmits the received sub-processing results back to the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite processes the M-1 sub-processing results and the... The processing sub-results of one satellite are fused to generate a final processing result, which is then sent to the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer of the first satellite, or to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite. The inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite then sends the final processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the second satellite. The inter-satellite laser link layer of the second satellite then sends the final processing result to the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the second satellite, and the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the second satellite then sends the final processing result to the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer of the second satellite. Here, the first satellite is any satellite in the satellite system, and the second satellite is a neighboring satellite of the first satellite in the satellite system that has ground station visibility. M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0009] Thirdly, the present invention provides a three-layer network communication method integrating satellite and ground systems, applied to the aforementioned satellite system, the method comprising: S1. The first satellite uses a camera to image the target area, obtains raw imaging data, and sends the raw imaging data to the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite. S2. When the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite determines that distributed on-orbit collaborative computing of the original imaging data needs to be performed, the original imaging data is divided into M sub-task data packets, and M-1 satellites adjacent to the first satellite are selected from the satellite system. The M-1 sub-task data packets are then distributed to the inter-satellite laser link layers of the M-1 satellites through the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite. S3. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite and each of the M-1 satellites processes the received sub-task data packets to generate sub-processing results. The M-1 satellites then transmit the sub-processing results back to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite through their own inter-satellite laser link layer. S4. The inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite transmits the received sub-processing results back to the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite fuses the M sub-processing results to generate the final processing result. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite sends the final processing result to the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer or the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite. S5. When the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite sends the final processing result to the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer of the first satellite, the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer of the first satellite uses the IPoC protocol to encapsulate the final processing result in the form of IP data packets into a CCSDS AOS frame to obtain an IPoC frame, and transmits the IPoC frame to the data transmission and storage unit of the first satellite. The data transmission and storage unit of the first satellite then sends the IPoC frame to the X-band phased array antenna of the first satellite, and the X-band phased array antenna of the first satellite then transmits the IPoC frame to the ground station where the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer is deployed. S6. When the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite sends the final processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite, the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite sends the final processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the second satellite, and then sequentially sends the final processing result to the ground station via the inter-satellite laser link layer of the second satellite, the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer, the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer, and the X-band phased array antenna. Here, the first satellite is any satellite in the satellite system, and the second satellite is an adjacent satellite of the first satellite in the satellite system that has ground station visibility; M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) This invention achieves end-to-end IP data transmission. By setting up an intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer, an inter-satellite laser link layer, and a satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer, and using the IP protocol for communication between these three layers, IP data packets originating from the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer can be directly transmitted to adjacent satellites via the inter-satellite laser link layer, or transmitted to ground stations after IPoC encapsulation via the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer. No protocol conversion is required for the IP data packets throughout the transmission path, achieving end-to-end IP data transmission from the onboard payload to the ground user. Ground users can directly access onboard resources through a standard IP interface without the need for dedicated aerospace protocol parsing software, significantly reducing system complexity and the user's learning curve. This solves the technical problems of incompatibility between satellite and ground protocols and the inability of ground users to directly access onboard resources using a standard IP interface in existing technologies.

[0011] (2) This invention achieves transparent conversion between satellite and ground IP protocols. By setting up a satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer, this invention uses the IPoC protocol to encapsulate IP data packets transmitted from the satellite's Ethernet backbone layer into CCSDS AOS frames to obtain IPoC frames, which are then transmitted to the ground station via an X-band phased array antenna. Simultaneously, it can receive IPoC frames sent by the ground station from the data transmission and storage integrated unit and decapsulate them back into IP data packets. The IPoC protocol stack sequentially sets up the CCSDS AOS layer, ENCAP encapsulation layer, and IP layer above the physical layer, achieving bidirectional transparent conversion between the IP network and the CCSDS protocol system. This not only maintains compatibility with existing aerospace telemetry and control systems but also introduces the flexibility and universality of IP networks, solving the technical problem in existing technologies where spacecraft use aerospace-specific protocols such as CCSDS, while the ground uses standard IP protocols, and there is a lack of a unified protocol conversion mechanism between the two.

[0012] (3) This invention realizes unified IP access for heterogeneous devices on satellite. This invention connects the satellite's internal Ethernet backbone layer with the heterogeneous devices on the satellite. The internal Ethernet backbone layer is used for data exchange and IP packet routing decisions between different heterogeneous devices on the satellite. This allows heterogeneous devices on satellite, such as hyperspectral cameras, mid-wave infrared cameras, data transmission and storage integrated machines, and onboard intelligent computing machines, to access a unified IP backbone network through standard Ethernet interfaces. This solves the technical problems of traditional satellites using their own independent dedicated buses and protocols, requiring multiple protocol conversions for data flow within the satellite, resulting in low transmission efficiency and high system complexity.

[0013] (4) This invention enables on-orbit processing and efficient transmission of satellite data. The invention processes intensive computing tasks (including on-orbit data processing and image recognition tasks) through the satellite's Ethernet backbone layer, and can transmit the processing results to the ground station in the form of IP packets via the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer. Thus, remote sensing data can be intelligently processed on-orbit, eliminating the need to transmit massive amounts of raw data to the ground for processing, significantly reducing the transmission pressure on the satellite-to-ground link and improving data transmission efficiency.

[0014] (5) This invention enables multi-satellite distributed collaborative computing. The invention establishes communication links between the inter-satellite laser link layer and the inter-satellite laser link layers of adjacent satellites. In distributed on-orbit computing mode, the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite divides the raw imaging data into M sub-task data packets, which are then distributed to M adjacent satellites for parallel processing via the inter-satellite laser link layer. The returned M sub-processing results are then fused to generate the final processing result. Thus, multiple satellites can collaboratively process remote sensing data, breaking through the single-satellite computing power bottleneck, significantly compressing AI processing time, and realizing an on-orbit closed loop from perception to computation to transmission. This solves the technical problem in existing technologies where insufficient single-satellite computing power prevents the real-time on-orbit processing of massive amounts of remote sensing data.

[0015] (6) This invention significantly improves data response timeliness. This invention establishes a communication link between the inter-satellite laser link layer and the inter-satellite laser link layer of adjacent satellites. The imaging satellite can send the final processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer, which then sends the processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the adjacent satellite with ground station visibility. The result is then transmitted to the ground station via the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer, the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer, and the X-band phased array antenna of the adjacent satellite. This allows the imaging data to be relayed to the visible satellite immediately without waiting for the imaging satellite to pass over the ground station, thus greatly improving data response timeliness and solving the technical problem in the prior art where the lack of inter-satellite relay capability prevents the full release of the timeliness value of remote sensing data.

[0016] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the integrated space-ground three-layer network communication system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection relationship between the onboard router and the heterogeneous devices, onboard intelligent computing, and inter-satellite laser link layer of the satellite provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of the IPoC frame provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4This is a flowchart illustrating the integrated space-ground three-layer network communication method provided in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0019] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a space-ground integrated three-layer network communication system, wherein the communication system is a space-ground integrated three-layer network communication system based on the IPoC protocol. See also... Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the integrated satellite-ground three-layer network communication system provided in this embodiment of the invention. The system is deployed on a satellite and includes an intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer, an inter-satellite laser link layer, and a satellite-ground IPoC gateway layer. IPoC is short for IP over CCSDS, indicating IP transmission based on CCSDS. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer, the inter-satellite laser link layer, and the satellite-ground IPoC gateway layer communicate using the IP protocol.

[0020] The onboard Ethernet backbone, also known as the onboard IP network, is the core of data transmission within the satellite, comprising onboard routers and an onboard intelligent computing unit. The onboard routers and the onboard intelligent computing unit are connected via 10 Gbps optical ports, where an optical port refers to an Ethernet interface connected via fiber optic cable. The onboard routers are based on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to implement line-speed forwarding and Layer 3 IP routing functions. They are equipped with multiple high-speed Ethernet interfaces, such as eight 25G Ethernet ports and two 100G Ethernet ports, supporting Quality of Service (QoS) scheduling and traffic management. The onboard intelligent computing unit is an intelligent computing platform with high computing power, used for processing intensive computing tasks. These tasks include on-orbit identification, detection, and analysis of remote sensing images. For example, it performs artificial intelligence (AI) inference tasks on remote sensing images acquired by hyperspectral or mid-wave infrared cameras, such as target detection (e.g., ship detection, aircraft detection), change detection (e.g., surface change identification), and anomaly identification (e.g., oil pipeline leak identification). These AI inference tasks are all completed in real time on the satellite using onboard intelligent computing, eliminating the need to download massive amounts of raw data to the ground for processing. In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the satellite's Ethernet backbone layer also includes a satellite table debugging port, which is connected to the onboard router via a 1Gbps optical interface. The satellite table debugging port is essentially an interface used to inject debugging data into the onboard router.

[0021] The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone also connects to heterogeneous intra-satellite devices. It should be noted that, in this invention, "intra-satellite" refers to a single satellite that has deployed this integrated space-ground three-layer network communication system. The heterogeneous intra-satellite devices include a hyperspectral camera, a mid-wave infrared camera, and solid-state storage within a data transmission and solid-state storage unit. For example, Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the connection relationships between the onboard router and heterogeneous devices within the satellite, the onboard intelligent computing system, and the inter-satellite laser link layer. It should be noted that Gbps... Figure 2 The abbreviation for G is used in Chinese. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the onboard router is connected to the mid-wave infrared camera via a 1Gbps optical port, and to the solid-state memory via a 10Gbps optical port. The hyperspectral camera is connected to the solid-state memory, and the onboard router is connected to the hyperspectral camera via the solid-state memory. In some embodiments, the onboard heterogeneous devices also include a satellite-based operational computer, which is also connected to the onboard router and to the aforementioned onboard heterogeneous devices via a CAN bus for controlling each device. In some embodiments, because the interface speeds of the onboard router port and some onboard devices are mismatched (e.g., 2Gbps for the hyperspectral camera and 1Gbps for the mid-wave infrared camera), a rate conversion board is installed between the onboard router and these devices to reduce the high-speed signal to a speed compatible with these devices, thereby ensuring that all types of heterogeneous devices can access the onboard backbone network. The satellite-borne router connects to the satellite-borne intelligent computing unit, the inter-satellite laser link layer, and the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer via optical ports, realizing unified IP-based routing and forwarding for intra-satellite data aggregation, inter-satellite data relay, and satellite-to-ground data downlink.

[0022] The inter-satellite laser link layer is the satellite's laser communication mechanism, with a data transmission rate of 5~10 Gbps, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the onboard router is accessed via a 10 Gbps optical port, making the inter-satellite link a natural extension of the intra-satellite IP network. The inter-satellite laser link layer is used to form communication links with the inter-satellite laser link layers of adjacent satellites of the same satellite, supporting the following topologies: (1) Forward and backward links: Stable laser links are established between adjacent satellites in the same orbital plane for forward data relay; (2) Cross links: Cross links are established between satellites in adjacent orbital planes for cross-orbit data relay, which can significantly improve network connectivity and fault tolerance.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, in addition to connecting to the onboard router, the space-to-ground IPoC gateway layer also connects to the data transmission and storage unit of the satellite. Furthermore, the space-to-ground IPoC gateway layer uses the IPoC protocol to exchange data and commands with the ground station. Specifically, as... Figure 2As shown, the space-to-ground IPoC gateway layer and the onboard router are connected via a 1Gbps optical port. The space-to-ground IPoC gateway layer communicates with the data transmission module and power supply unit in the satellite's data transmission and storage integrated unit via a gigabit Ethernet cable using User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The data transmission module transmits IPoC frames from the space-to-ground IPoC gateway layer to the ground station, while the power supply unit transmits IPoC frames from the ground station to the space-to-ground IPoC gateway layer. For example, the data transmission module can have a transmission rate of 600 / 900 Mbps, and the power supply unit can have a transmission rate of 10 Mbps. The IPoC protocol is a key protocol for realizing the integrated space-to-ground network. Its core idea is to encapsulate standard IP data packets in CCSDS AOS frames and transmit them via the space-to-ground radio frequency link. The IPoC protocol stack structure from bottom to top is as follows: (1) Physical layer, configured as an X-band radio frequency link, with a downlink frequency band of 8025MHz~8400MHz, supporting adjustable code rates of 300 / 600 / 900Mbps; (2) CCSDS AOS layer, which performs frame synchronization, encoding / decoding and channel coding on the data from the upper layer according to the CCSDS AOS transmission frame format; (3) ENCAP encapsulation layer, which encapsulates IP packets into ENCAP frames to achieve adaptation between IP packets and CCSDS frames. ENCAP is short for Encapsulation; (4) IP layer, which runs Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) or Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). The IPv6 protocol supports on-board IP address allocation and routing management; (5) the application layer carries various service types such as remote sensing data, control commands, and status information. Status information refers to the telemetry data continuously collected and transmitted during the satellite's on-orbit operation, which is used by the ground control center to monitor the satellite's health status, evaluate on-orbit performance, troubleshoot faults, and predict its lifespan. The main functions of the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer include: protocol conversion, command uploading, and network management. Protocol conversion refers to encapsulating IP data packets on the satellite into IPoC frames according to the IPoC protocol and then sending them through the data transmission link. After receiving them, the ground station decapsulates them and restores them to IP data packets, so as to achieve transparent conversion of the satellite-to-ground IP protocol. Command uploading refers to the ground station sending control commands in the form of IPoC frames to the satellite's satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer through the IPoC protocol. After receiving the IPoC frames, the satellite's satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer restores them to IP data packets, thus supporting remote task planning and parameter configuration. Network management refers to the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer's ability to perform network management functions such as IP address allocation, routing management, and flow control for the satellite and ground station.

[0024] Please see Figure 3 ， Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the IPoC frame structure provided in this embodiment of the invention. The IPoC frame structure, from the outside in (i.e., from the physical layer to the application layer, in the order the receiver extracts frames from the physical layer data stream), consists of a synchronization header (i.e., 1ACF FC1 DH), an AOS Frame Primary Header, a Multiplexer Protocol Data Unit (M_PDU) header, an ENCAP header, an Internet Protocol Extension (IPE) header, an IP header, the data in the IP data packet, a CRC checksum field, and a Frame Error Control (FEC) section. The data in the IP data packet and the CRC checksum field constitute the data field. The synchronization header, also known as the frame synchronization code or frame synchronization flag, is located at the very beginning of the IPoC frame structure and is the frame start marker for the AOS transmission frame. The synchronization header is typically a fixed-length, specific code pattern (such as the 32-bit fixed code pattern "0x1ACFFC1D") used by the receiver to identify the start boundary of AOS frames in the physical layer data stream, thus achieving frame synchronization. The receiver determines the start position of each frame by searching for a bit sequence that matches the synchronization header code pattern, thereby correctly parsing the subsequent AOS frame's main header and data field content. The presence of the synchronization header ensures that the satellite-to-ground RF link receiver can accurately extract each frame of data from the continuous bit stream. The AOS frame header is 6 bytes (48 bits) long and is located after the synchronization header. It is the header part of the CCSDS AOS transmission frame. Its key fields include: (1) Version Number, which is 2 bits long and has a value of binary "01", indicating that the frame follows the CCSDS AOS transmission frame format specification; (2) Spacecraft Identifier (SCID), which is used to uniquely identify the spacecraft that launched the frame, so that the ground station can identify the data source; (3) Virtual Channel Identifier (VCID), which is used to identify the virtual channel to which the frame belongs, supporting the multiplexing of multiple logical channels on the same physical channel. Each virtual channel can carry different types of service data; (4) Frame Count, which is used to number the frames in order, so that the receiver can detect frame loss and perform frame reordering; (5) Replay Flag, which is used to indicate whether the frame is real-time data or replay data.The M_PDU header is 2 bytes (16 bits) long and is located after the AOS frame main header. It is the multiplexing protocol data unit header in the CCSDS AOS frame. Its key fields include: (1) Reserved Field, which is 5 bits long and has a value of "00000", reserved for future expansion; (2) First Header Pointer (FHP), which is 11 bits long and is used to indicate the starting position of the IP packet in the M_PDU. When the length of the IP packet is greater than the length of the AOS frame payload, the IP packet needs to be fragmented and transmitted across multiple AOS frames. The First Header Pointer is used to locate the starting byte of each IP packet at the receiving end to realize variable-length packet delimitation and reassembly. The ENCAP header is 4 bytes (32 bits) long and follows the M_PDU header. It is the encapsulation header of IP packets at the CCSDS link layer. Its key fields include: (1) Packet Version Number, 3 bits long, with a value of binary "111", indicating that the packet conforms to the ENCAP protocol specification; (2) Protocol ID, 5 bits long, with a value of binary "010", used to identify the upper-layer protocol type. For example, a value of "010" indicates that it carries IPv4 packets; (3) LengthType, 2 bits long, with a value of binary "10", used to indicate the encoding method of the packet length field; (4) Packet Sequence Count, used to sequentially number packets for easy packet sequence management at the receiving end; (5) Packet Length, indicating the length of the IP packet, used by the receiving end for packet boundary detection and buffer management. The IPE header is 2 bytes (16 bits) long and follows the ENCAP header. The IPE header is defined as the Ethernet EtherType field, used to identify the service type of IP packets. Onboard routers perform whitelist or blacklist packet filtering based on the EtherType value in the IPE header. In whitelist mode, only IP packets with EtherType values ​​in the allowed list are forwarded; in blacklist mode, IP packets with EtherType values ​​in the prohibited list are blocked. The IPE header enables onboard packet filtering and service classification, supporting QoS scheduling and traffic management. The IP packet header, following the IPE header, defines the control information field at the very beginning of the IP packet, responsible for guiding how IP packets are routed and forwarded. It includes the source and destination IP addresses, used for routing and forwarding within intra-satellite IP networks, inter-satellite IP networks, and terrestrial IP networks. The data within the IP packet is the payload carried by the IPoC frame.The Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) field is 2 bytes (16 bits) long and located after the IP packet. It is used to perform cyclic redundancy checks on the IP packet, detecting whether bit errors occur during data transmission and ensuring the data integrity of the IP packet during transmission. Frame error control, located at the end of the IPoC frame structure, is used to detect and correct bit errors that may be introduced into the IP packet during satellite-to-ground link transmission. Figure 3 The IPoC frame structure shown supports single-frame, multi-frame, and cross-frame transmission modes. When the length of a single IP packet is less than or equal to the AOS frame payload length, the IP packet can be completely encapsulated in a single AOS frame, i.e., single-frame transmission mode is used. When multiple IP packets need to be transmitted simultaneously, they can be sequentially encapsulated in the payload field of the same AOS frame, i.e., multi-frame transmission mode is used. When the length of a single IP packet is greater than the AOS frame payload length, the IP packet is fragmented and sequentially encapsulated in multiple AOS frames. The receiving end reassembles the fragments according to the header pointer in the M_PDU header, i.e., cross-frame transmission mode is used. These three transmission modes work together to ensure reliable transmission of IP packets over the satellite-to-ground link.

[0025] In this invention, at a certain moment, after at least one of the hyperspectral camera and the mid-wave infrared camera acquires raw imaging data, the raw imaging data is transmitted to the onboard router. The onboard router, upon receiving the raw imaging data, sends it to the onboard intelligent computer for processing, obtains the processing result, and transmits it back to the onboard router. After receiving the processing result, if the satellite is visible to a ground station at that moment, the onboard router sends the processing result to the satellite's IPoC gateway layer in the form of IP packets. The IPoC gateway layer encapsulates the IP packets into IPoC frames and transmits them to the satellite's data transmission and storage unit. The satellite's data transmission and storage unit then transmits the IPoC frames to the satellite's X-band phased array antenna, which then downloads the IPoC frames to the ground station. Alternatively, if the satellite is not visible to the ground station at that moment, the onboard router will send the processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the satellite in the form of IP packets. The inter-satellite laser link layer will then send the processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the adjacent satellite that is visible to the ground station. The processing result will then be sent to the ground station in sequence via the inter-satellite laser link layer of the adjacent satellite, the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer, the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer, and the X-band phased array antenna.

[0026] In this invention, at a certain moment, when the raw imaging data exceeds the real-time processing capability of the satellite's onboard intelligent computing unit, the satellite's onboard router divides a portion of the raw imaging data into N parts and sends each of the N parts to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the satellite. The inter-satellite laser link layer then forwards each of the N parts to the inter-satellite laser link layers of N neighboring satellites for synchronous processing by their onboard intelligent computing units. Subsequently, the satellite's onboard router receives the N sub-processing results from the inter-satellite laser link layers of these N neighboring satellites via the inter-satellite laser link layer and sends these N sub-processing results to the satellite's onboard intelligent computing unit. The satellite's onboard intelligent computing unit then merges these N sub-processing results with its own sub-processing results into a final processing result, which is then sent back to the satellite's onboard router. As described above, depending on whether the satellite has ground station visibility at that moment, the satellite's onboard router sends the final fused processing result to the satellite's IPoC gateway layer for direct downlink to the ground station, or sends the final fused processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer, which then relays it to a neighboring satellite with ground station visibility, and the neighboring satellite with ground station visibility then downlinks it on behalf of the satellite.

[0027] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a satellite system based on a three-layer integrated space-ground network communication system. This satellite system is, for example, a constellation containing multiple satellites, each deployed with the three-layer integrated space-ground network communication system described in the first aspect. The satellite system operates in two modes: a distributed on-orbit computing mode and a relay mode. The following description uses a first satellite and a second satellite as examples to illustrate the two operating modes. The first satellite is any satellite in the satellite system, and the second satellite is a neighboring satellite of the first satellite within the satellite system that has ground station visibility.

[0028] Distributed On-Orbit Computing Mode: In distributed on-orbit computing mode, the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite divides the raw imaging data acquired by heterogeneous intra-satellite devices into M sub-task data packets, where M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. These M-1 sub-task data packets are then distributed to the inter-satellite laser link layers of the M-1 satellites adjacent to the first satellite via the first satellite's inter-satellite laser link layer. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layers of the first satellite and the M-1 satellites respectively process the received sub-task data packets in parallel using onboard intelligent computing, generating corresponding sub-processing results. The M-1 satellites then transmit these sub-processing results back to the first satellite's inter-satellite laser link layer via their respective inter-satellite laser link layers. Finally, the first satellite's inter-satellite laser link layer transmits the received sub-processing results back to the first satellite's inter-satellite laser link layer. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite fuses the M-1 sub-processing results with the sub-processing results of the first satellite to generate the final processing result. This final processing result is then sent to the satellite's IPoC gateway layer or its inter-satellite laser link layer. The first satellite's IPoC layer then forwards the final processing result to the second satellite's IPoC layer, which in turn forwards it to its intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer. Finally, the second satellite's intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer forwards the final processing result to its IPoC gateway layer, which then transmits it to the ground station. This mode achieves a closed loop from perception to computation to transmission, reducing the processing time of AI inference tasks to 1 / M of the original time.

[0029] Relay Mode: In relay mode, the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite acquires raw imaging data collected by heterogeneous intra-satellite devices and transmits the raw imaging data to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite. The inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite then transmits the raw imaging data to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the second satellite. The inter-satellite laser link layer of the second satellite then transmits the raw imaging data to the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the second satellite. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the second satellite then transmits the raw imaging data to the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer of the second satellite, which then transmits the raw imaging data to the ground station. This mode has a simple architecture, high reliability, and is suitable for the initial construction phase and routine remote sensing service scenarios.

[0030] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a three-layer network communication method based on integrated space-ground networks. Please refer to... Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the three-layer network communication method based on integrated space-ground communication provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The method is applied to the aforementioned satellite system and includes the following steps: S1. The first satellite uses a camera to image the target area, obtains raw imaging data, and sends the raw imaging data to the satellite's intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer.

[0031] Specifically, the raw imaging data (e.g., 1497 Mbps) generated by the hyperspectral camera of the first satellite is accessed by the satellite's onboard router, which then transmits the data to the satellite's onboard intelligent computer in the form of IP data packets.

[0032] S2. When the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite determines that distributed on-orbit collaborative computing of the original imaging data needs to be performed, the original imaging data is divided into M-1 sub-task data packets, and M-1 satellites adjacent to the first satellite are selected from the satellite system. The M-1 sub-task data packets are then distributed to the inter-satellite laser link layers of the M-1 satellites through the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite.

[0033] Specifically, when the amount of raw imaging data exceeds the real-time processing capacity of the onboard intelligent computing machine of the first satellite (for example, the amount of data exceeds the processing capacity of the onboard intelligent computing machine of the first satellite), the onboard intelligent computing machine of the first satellite initiates a distributed on-orbit collaborative computing request to the onboard router. The onboard router of the first satellite selects M-1 neighboring satellites of the first satellite as collaborative computing nodes according to the inter-satellite network topology and link status information. The raw imaging data is divided into M sub-task data packets according to the region. Each sub-task data packet contains a task identifier, regional coordinate range and processing parameters. The M-1 sub-task data packets are sent to the inter-satellite laser link layer of these M-1 neighboring satellites respectively. During the transmission process, the onboard router uses the QoS mechanism to ensure the priority forwarding of the computing task data packets.

[0034] The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of each of the S3, the first satellite, and the M-1 satellites processes the received sub-task data packets and generates sub-processing results. The M-1 satellites then transmit the sub-processing results back to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite through their own inter-satellite laser link layer.

[0035] Specifically, after receiving the sub-task data packets, the onboard intelligent computing computers of the first satellite and the M-1 adjacent satellites perform parallel AI processing on the remote sensing data of their respective assigned areas, such as target detection, change analysis, and anomaly identification, to obtain their respective sub-processing results. The M-1 adjacent satellites send the data to their respective inter-satellite laser link layers through their respective onboard routers, and then the inter-satellite laser link layers send the data to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite.

[0036] S4. The inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite transmits the received sub-processing results back to the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite fuses the M sub-processing results to generate the final processing result. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite sends the final processing result to the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer or the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite.

[0037] Specifically, the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite transmits the received sub-processing results back to the onboard router of the first satellite. The onboard router of the first satellite then sends the received sub-processing results from the onboard intelligent computers of M-1 neighboring satellites to the onboard intelligent computer of the first satellite. The onboard intelligent computer of the first satellite merges its own sub-processing results with the received sub-processing results from the onboard intelligent computers of M-1 neighboring satellites to generate the final processing result, and sends the final processing result to the onboard router of the first satellite. When the first satellite has ground station visibility at the current moment, the onboard router of the first satellite sends the final processing result to the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer of the first satellite; when the first satellite does not have ground station visibility at the current moment, it sends the final processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite for relay.

[0038] S5. When the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite sends the final processing result to the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer of the first satellite, the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer of the first satellite uses the IPoC protocol to encapsulate the final processing result in the form of IP data packets into a CCSDS AOS frame to obtain an IPoC frame, and transmits the IPoC frame to the data transmission and storage unit of the first satellite. The data transmission and storage unit of the first satellite then sends the IPoC frame to the X-band phased array antenna of the first satellite, and the X-band phased array antenna of the first satellite then transmits the IPoC frame to the ground station where the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer is deployed.

[0039] S6. When the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite sends the final processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite, the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite sends the final processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the second satellite, and then sends the final processing result to the ground station in sequence via the inter-satellite laser link layer of the second satellite, the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer, the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer and the X-band phased array antenna.

[0040] Using the above method, the AI ​​computers of multiple satellites can process in parallel, which can greatly reduce the AI ​​processing time and realize an on-orbit closed loop from perception to computation to transmission, thereby breaking through the single-satellite computing power bottleneck.

[0041] The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to two specific implementation scenarios.

[0042] Implementation Scenario 1: Data relay scenario for remote sensing constellations.

[0043] This implementation scenario takes a remote sensing satellite constellation for regional high-frequency observation as an example. The constellation consists of multiple satellites of a certain series, using a 530km sun-synchronous orbit with an inclination of 97.5 degrees, a descending node local time of 10:30 AM, and an orbital period of approximately 95.2 minutes. Each satellite is equipped with a hyperspectral camera (450~900nm, 70 spectral bands, resolution better than 10m@530km, raw data rate of 1497.07Mbps), an onboard intelligent computing machine (248 TOPS computing power, 12-core CPU, and no less than 2TB of storage; TOPS stands for Tera Operations Per Second, and TB stands for Terabyte), an onboard router (8 25G ports plus 2 100G Ethernet ports), a laser communication device (5~10Gbps), and a satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer.

[0044] The intra-satellite network is centered around an onboard router. Raw imaging data at 1497 Mbps generated by the hyperspectral camera is fed into the router via a rate conversion board. The onboard intelligent computing unit reads the raw data through a 10G Ethernet port for on-orbit AI processing (e.g., target detection, change analysis). The processing results are written to the solid-state storage (with a capacity of at least 16 Tbit) within the data transmission and storage integrated unit via the onboard router. Simultaneously, the onboard router can send data to be relayed to a laser communication unit, which then transmits it to neighboring satellites at a data transmission rate of 5-10 Gbps.

[0045] In inter-satellite networks, adjacent satellites in the same orbital plane establish stable connections via forward and backward laser links, while satellites in different orbital planes interconnect via cross links. Once a satellite completes its imaging, the data can be relayed via an inter-satellite link to a satellite currently within the ground station's line of sight. This satellite then transmits the data as IPoC frames to the ground station via the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer. Upon receiving the data, the ground station reverses the encapsulation process according to the IPoC protocol, restoring it to standard IP data packets, and directly accesses the terrestrial IP network for distribution. Thus, through the inter-satellite link relay mechanism, the imaging data does not need to wait for the imaging satellite to pass over the ground station; instead, it is immediately relayed to the visible satellite for downlink transmission. Actual measurements show that this can reduce data response time from the traditional 2-6 hours to 10-15 minutes.

[0046] Implementation Scenario 2: Data transmission scenario for distributed on-orbit collaborative computing for remote sensing constellations.

[0047] Based on the constellation system in Scenario 1, when the amount of remote sensing data acquired by a single satellite exceeds the real-time processing capacity of its onboard intelligent computing machine, a distributed on-orbit collaborative computing data transmission method is adopted. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Satellite A performs hyperspectral imaging of the target area to acquire raw remote sensing data (e.g., 449 Gbit of data obtained in a single image). After assessing that the amount of data exceeds its own processing capacity, Satellite A's onboard intelligent computer initiates a distributed computing task request to its onboard router.

[0048] Step 2: Satellite A's onboard router selects neighboring satellites B and C as collaborative computing nodes based on the inter-satellite network topology and link status information. Satellite A's onboard router then divides the raw remote sensing data into multiple sub-task data packets by region. Each data packet contains a task identifier, region coordinate range, and processing parameters.

[0049] Step 3: The onboard router of satellite A transmits some of the sub-task data packets to the laser communication devices of satellites B and C respectively through the laser communication device. During the transmission, the onboard router of satellite A uses the QoS mechanism to ensure the priority forwarding of the computing task data packets.

[0050] Step 4: After receiving the sub-task data packets, the onboard intelligent computers of Satellite B and Satellite C perform parallel AI processing (such as target detection, change analysis, anomaly identification, etc.) on the remote sensing data of their respective assigned areas.

[0051] Step 5: After processing is complete, satellites B and C will transmit their respective processing results back to satellite A via laser communication devices. The onboard intelligent computer of satellite A will then aggregate and merge the processing results from each node.

[0052] Step Six: The onboard intelligent computing unit of Satellite A sends the fused processing results to the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer through the onboard router. The satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer of Satellite A then downloads the fused processing results to the ground station, which then pushes them to the end user.

[0053] Using this method, the onboard intelligent computing machines of the three satellites can process in parallel, reducing AI inference time to one-third of the original time, and realizing an on-orbit closed loop from perception to computation to transmission, thus breaking through the single-satellite computing power bottleneck.

[0054] In summary, the integrated space-ground three-layer network communication system and method based on the IPoC protocol provided in this invention achieves end-to-end IP data transmission capabilities from the onboard payload to the inter-satellite relay and then to the space-ground gateway through a three-layer architecture design consisting of an intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer, an inter-satellite laser link layer, and a space-ground IPoC gateway layer. Ground users can directly access onboard resources through standard IP interfaces without the need for dedicated aerospace protocol software. Through the inter-satellite link relay mechanism, data response time can be significantly reduced from the traditional 2-6 hours. Through the multi-rate ports and rate adaptation mechanism of the onboard router, unified IP access across the entire rate range, from low-speed CAN bus devices to high-speed payloads, is achieved. Based on inter-satellite links and the IP-based network, multiple satellites can collaboratively process remote sensing data, breaking through the single-satellite computing power bottleneck and realizing an on-orbit closed loop of sensing, computing, and transmission.

[0055] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-layer integrated space-ground network communication system, characterized in that, Deployed on a satellite, the communication system includes: The satellite system comprises an intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer, an inter-satellite laser link layer, and a satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer, the inter-satellite laser link layer, and the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer communicate with each other using the IP protocol. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer is connected to the inter-satellite laser link layer and the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer via Ethernet interfaces. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer is also connected to heterogeneous devices within the satellite. The satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer is connected to the data transmission and storage integrated unit of the satellite. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer is used for processing intensive computing tasks, making IP packet routing decisions, exchanging data between different heterogeneous devices within the satellite, and transmitting information with the inter-satellite laser link layer and the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer. The inter-satellite laser link layer is used to form a communication link with the inter-satellite laser link layers of neighboring satellites of the satellite, so as to transmit information with the neighboring satellites of the satellite. The satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer is used to encapsulate IP data packets transmitted by the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer into CCSDS AOS frames using the IPoC protocol to obtain IPoC frames, and transmit the IPoC frames to the data transmission and storage integrated unit. The data transmission and storage integrated unit sends the IPoC frames to the X-band phased array antenna of the satellite, and the X-band phased array antenna transmits the IPoC frames to the ground station where the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer is deployed. Additionally, it receives the IPoC frames sent by the ground station from the data transmission and storage integrated unit, decapsulates the IPoC frames into IP data packets, and sends the IP data packets to the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer.

2. The integrated space-ground three-layer network communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The satellite Ethernet backbone layer includes: a satellite router and a satellite intelligent computing machine, wherein the satellite router and the satellite intelligent computing machine are connected via an Ethernet interface; The spaceborne intelligent computing machine is used to process intensive computing tasks, including on-orbit recognition, detection and analysis of remote sensing images. The onboard router is used for IP packet routing decisions, data exchange between different heterogeneous devices within the satellite, and information transmission with the inter-satellite laser link layer and the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer.

3. The integrated space-ground three-layer network communication system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The onboard heterogeneous equipment includes: a hyperspectral camera, a mid-wave infrared camera, and a solid-state memory in the data transmission and solid-state storage unit. The onboard router is connected to the mid-wave infrared camera and the solid-state memory via Ethernet interfaces, and the onboard router is connected to the hyperspectral camera via the solid-state memory. The spaceborne router is specifically used to acquire raw imaging data collected by at least one of the hyperspectral camera and the mid-wave infrared camera, send the raw imaging data to the spaceborne intelligent computer for processing, obtain the processing result, acquire the processing result and send the processing result to the space-to-ground IPoC gateway layer in the form of IP data packets.

4. The integrated space-ground three-layer network communication system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The onboard router is further configured to send the processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer in the form of IP packets, so that the inter-satellite laser link layer can send the processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the neighboring satellite with ground station visibility, and then send the processing result to the ground station via the inter-satellite laser link layer of the neighboring satellite with ground station visibility, the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer, the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer and the X-band phased array antenna.

5. The integrated space-ground three-layer network communication system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The onboard router is further configured to, when the original imaging data exceeds the real-time processing capability of the onboard intelligent computing machine, divide a portion of the original imaging data into N data parts and send the N data parts to the inter-satellite laser link layer, so that the inter-satellite laser link layer can send the N data parts to the inter-satellite laser link layers of N adjacent satellites, so that the onboard intelligent computing machines on the N adjacent satellites can perform synchronous processing, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; The onboard router is further configured to receive N sub-processing results sent by the inter-satellite laser link layers of the N neighboring satellites via the inter-satellite laser link layer, send the N sub-processing results to the onboard intelligent computing machine for result fusion, receive the final processing result sent by the onboard intelligent computing machine, and send the final processing result to the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer for transmission to the ground station, or send the final processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer for transmission to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the neighboring satellites with ground station visibility, and then transmit the final processing result to the ground station sequentially via the inter-satellite laser link layer of the neighboring satellites with ground station visibility, the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer, the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer, and the X-band phased array antenna.

6. The integrated space-ground three-layer network communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The IPoC protocol stack structure, from bottom to top, includes: The physical layer is configured as an X-band radio frequency link with a downlink frequency band of 8025MHz~8400MHz, and is configured to transmit data at adjustable code rates of 300Mbps, 600Mbps and 900Mbps. The CCSDS AOS layer, located above the physical layer, is configured to perform frame synchronization, encoding / decoding, and channel coding processing on data from the upper layer according to the CCSDS AOS transmission frame format. The ENCAP encapsulation layer, located above the CCSDS AOS layer, is configured to encapsulate IP packets into ENCAP frames. The IP layer, located above the ENCAP encapsulation layer, is configured to run at least one of the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols and to perform IP address allocation and routing management on the satellite. The application layer, located above the IP layer, is configured to transmit data of various service types, including raw imaging data, control commands, and status information.

7. The integrated space-ground three-layer network communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inter-satellite laser link layer is the satellite's laser communication unit, and the data transmission rate of the laser communication unit is 5~10 Gbps.

8. A satellite system based on a three-layer integrated space-ground network communication system, characterized in that, The satellite system comprises multiple satellites, each of which is equipped with the integrated three-layer network communication system for space and ground as described in any one of claims 1-7. The operating mode of the satellite system includes a distributed on-orbit computing mode. In the distributed on-orbit computing mode, the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite divides the raw imaging data acquired by the heterogeneous intra-satellite equipment into M sub-task data packets, and distributes the M-1 sub-task data packets to the inter-satellite laser link layers of the M-1 satellites adjacent to the first satellite via the first satellite's inter-satellite laser link layer. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layers of the first satellite and the M-1 satellites respectively perform parallel processing on the received sub-task data packets, generating corresponding sub-processing results. The M-1 satellites transmit the sub-processing results back to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite via their respective inter-satellite laser link layers. The inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite transmits the received sub-processing results back to the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite processes the M-1 sub-processing results and the... The sub-processing results of one satellite are fused to generate a final processing result, which is then sent to the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer of the first satellite, or to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite. The inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite then sends the final processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the second satellite. The inter-satellite laser link layer of the second satellite then sends the final processing result to the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the second satellite, and the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the second satellite then sends the final processing result to the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer of the second satellite. Here, the first satellite is any satellite in the satellite system, and the second satellite is a neighboring satellite of the first satellite in the satellite system that has ground station visibility. M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

9. The satellite system based on the integrated space-ground three-layer network communication system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The satellite system also includes a relay mode. In the relay mode, the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite acquires the raw imaging data collected by the heterogeneous devices within the satellite and sends the raw imaging data to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite. The inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite then sends the raw imaging data to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the second satellite. The inter-satellite laser link layer of the second satellite then sends the raw imaging data to the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the second satellite. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the second satellite then sends the raw imaging data to the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer of the second satellite.

10. A three-layer network communication method integrating space and ground, characterized in that, Applied to the satellite system described in claim 8 or 9, the method comprises: S1. The first satellite uses a camera to image the target area, obtains raw imaging data, and sends the raw imaging data to the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite. S2. When the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite determines that distributed on-orbit collaborative computing of the original imaging data needs to be performed, the original imaging data is divided into M sub-task data packets, and M-1 satellites adjacent to the first satellite are selected from the satellite system. The M-1 sub-task data packets are then distributed to the inter-satellite laser link layers of the M-1 satellites through the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite. S3. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite and each of the M-1 satellites processes the received sub-task data packets to generate sub-processing results. The M-1 satellites then transmit the sub-processing results back to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite through their own inter-satellite laser link layer. S4. The inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite transmits the received sub-processing results back to the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite fuses the M sub-processing results to generate the final processing result. The intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite sends the final processing result to the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer or the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite. S5. When the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite sends the final processing result to the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer of the first satellite, the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer of the first satellite uses the IPoC protocol to encapsulate the final processing result in the form of IP data packets into a CCSDS AOS frame to obtain an IPoC frame, and transmits the IPoC frame to the data transmission and storage unit of the first satellite. The data transmission and storage unit of the first satellite then sends the IPoC frame to the X-band phased array antenna of the first satellite, and the X-band phased array antenna of the first satellite then transmits the IPoC frame to the ground station where the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer is deployed. S6. When the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer of the first satellite sends the final processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite, the inter-satellite laser link layer of the first satellite sends the final processing result to the inter-satellite laser link layer of the second satellite, and then sequentially sends the final processing result to the ground station via the inter-satellite laser link layer of the second satellite, the intra-satellite Ethernet backbone layer, the satellite-to-ground IPoC gateway layer, and the X-band phased array antenna. Here, the first satellite is any satellite in the satellite system, and the second satellite is an adjacent satellite of the first satellite in the satellite system that has ground station visibility; M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

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