Optical module testing method and system based on preheating and linear feedback, and related device

Abstract

The application provides a kind of optical module test method, system and related equipment based on preheating and linear feedback, method includes after the power-on of the optical module to be measured, inject initial operating current to the laser of module, and linearly gradually promote the operating current of laser to full operating current in preheating time window;Monitoring module output optical power, whether the module reaches thermal stable state according to the fluctuation of optical power;After thermal stable state, enter test, calculate power deviation according to target and measured optical power, and combined with feedback gain coefficient and monotone decreasing linear decay factor, the adjustment amount of optical attenuator is calculated to carry out dynamic feedback regulation;When power deviation meets preset convergence condition, stop adjusting and trigger steady-state data acquisition.The application makes optical module enter thermal stable state by executing preheating before test start, and uses linear feedback method to carry out dynamic compensation to attenuator in test, realizes the fast and accurate convergence of optical power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical communication device testing technology, and in particular to a testing method, system and equipment for optical modules based on preheating and linear feedback. Background Technology

[0002] In the optical communication industry, optical modules are the core components of optical communication systems. Accurate testing of their performance indicators (such as transmit optical power, receive sensitivity, extinction ratio, eye diagram template, etc.) is crucial for product quality control. Currently, the industry's commonly used automated testing system for optical modules typically consists of an adjustable optical attenuator, a spectrometer, an optical power meter, an optical switch, a TEC temperature control module, and host computer control software. The testing process is generally as follows: the host computer controls the optical switch to switch channels, the adjustable optical attenuator adjusts the optical power to the target value, the optical power meter or spectrometer collects measurement data, and finally, the test module is judged as qualified based on the measurement results.

[0003] In the initial stage after power-on, the laser junction temperature has not yet reached thermal equilibrium, and the output optical power will exhibit significant temperature drift. Directly entering the formal test will cause the optical power measurement values ​​at several initial test points to deviate from the actual steady-state value, resulting in misjudgment. Existing solutions typically use a fixed delay waiting method (such as waiting 30 seconds to 2 minutes). This method not only prolongs the test time but also cannot guarantee that all optical modules reach a thermally stable state - modules that heat up quickly waste waiting time, while modules that heat up slowly are not preheated enough.

[0004] In addition, existing solutions often use an iterative approach of "setting value-measuring-comparing-setting value" during attenuator adjustment, which lacks linear modeling and feedback control of deviation change trends. When the deviation is large, it takes multiple iterations to converge, while when the deviation is small, oscillations occur due to over-adjustment of the fixed gain. Although traditional PID control can be used for attenuator adjustment, it requires separate tuning of the proportional, integral, and derivative gain parameters, which is complex for engineering deployment. Furthermore, the fixed gain cannot simultaneously meet the dual requirements of rapid approximation and fine convergence during the entire adjustment process.

[0005] Therefore, existing technologies still need to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a method, system, and device for testing optical modules based on preheating and linear feedback. The main objective of this invention is to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background section of the prior art.

[0007] The first aspect of this invention provides a testing method for optical modules based on preheating and linear feedback, comprising: After the optical module under test is powered on, an initial operating current is injected into the laser of the optical module under test, and the operating current of the laser is gradually increased to the full operating current within the set preheating time window according to a gradual law. Monitor the output optical power of the optical module under test, and determine whether the optical module under test has reached a thermally stable state based on the fluctuation of the optical power at continuous sampling points; After the optical module under test reaches the thermal stability state, the formal test begins. The power deviation is calculated based on the set target optical power and the current measured optical power. Combined with the set feedback gain coefficient and the linear attenuation factor that decreases monotonically with the number of adjustment steps, the adjustment amount of the adjustable optical attenuator is calculated. The attenuation value of the adjustable optical attenuator is dynamically and linearly adjusted by the adjustment amount. When the power deviation is determined to meet the preset convergence condition, the dynamic linear feedback adjustment of the adjustable optical attenuator is stopped, a data acquisition enable signal is generated, and the data acquisition device is triggered to perform steady-state data acquisition.

[0008] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the operating current of the laser is... I ( t A linear preheating function is used for enhancement, and the calculation formula of the linear preheating function is defined as follows: I ( t )= I _init +( I _full -I _init )× t / T w ,in, t ∈[0, T w ], I _init The initial operating current is... I _full This refers to the full-rated operating current. T w The duration of the preheating time window. t This is the current preheating time.

[0009] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, monitoring the output optical power of the optical module under test and determining whether the optical module under test has reached a thermally stable state based on the fluctuation state of the optical power at continuous sampling points includes: Continuous calculation N Standard deviation of optical power at each sampling point s ; When the optical power standard deviation sLess than the preset judgment threshold s _th When the measured optical module enters a thermally stable state, it is determined that the measured optical module has entered a thermally stable state. If the preheating time reaches the set maximum waiting time T _max And the standard deviation of the optical power s Still not less than the determination threshold s _th If so, a warning message will be output.

[0010] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the step of entering formal testing after the optical module under test reaches the thermally stable state, calculating the power deviation based on the set target optical power and the current measured optical power, and combining the set feedback gain coefficient and the linear attenuation factor that monotonically decreases with the number of adjustment steps to calculate the adjustment amount of the adjustable optical attenuator includes: Calculate target optical power P _target Compared with the current measured optical power P _actual ( t 1) Power deviation e ( t 1), where, e ( t 1) =P _target -P _actual ( t 1); Combined with the set feedback gain coefficient K The adjustment amount of the tunable attenuator is calculated using a linear feedback control law with dead zone. A ( t 1), where, A ( t 1) =K×e ( t 1) ×L ( t 1), L ( t 1) is the linear decay factor.

[0011] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the linear attenuation factor L ( t The calculation formula for 1) is defined as follows: L ( t 1)= max (0,1 t 1 / T _total ),in, t1 represents the current adjustment step number for the current test point. T _total The total number of adjustment steps set for the current test point.

[0012] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the dynamic linear feedback adjustment of the attenuation value of the tunable optical attenuator by the adjustment amount includes: setting a dead zone threshold. e When the absolute value of the power deviation is | e ( t 1) |≥The dead zone threshold e When, execute the adjustment amount A ( t 1) To update the attenuation value of the tunable attenuator; when the absolute value of the power deviation is | e ( t 1) | < the dead zone threshold e When entering a dead zone, the adjustment of the attenuation value of the adjustable optical attenuator is not performed; The step of stopping the dynamic linear feedback adjustment of the adjustable optical attenuator when the power deviation is determined to meet the preset convergence condition, generating a data acquisition enable signal, and triggering the data acquisition device to perform steady-state data acquisition includes: when the continuous M The absolute value of the power deviation measured in this instance | e ( t 1) | are all less than the dead zone threshold. e When the optical power at the current test point has converged to the target optical power, the data acquisition enable signal is triggered to notify the spectrometer to start data acquisition.

[0013] In an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the application scenario of the optical module testing method includes automated testing of multiple channels of a single-to-many optical module, wherein the automated testing of multiple channels of a single-to-many optical module includes: For each test channel, preheating parameters are independently set according to the characteristics of the optical module under test in the test channel to execute an independent preheating mechanism; After entering the formal test, the power deviation, the linear attenuation factor and the adjustment amount of the tunable attenuator are independently calculated for each test channel to achieve independent control of each test channel without interference. When it is determined that any of the test channels has completed convergence first, the data acquisition device is automatically scheduled to acquire data from the test channel.

[0014] A second aspect of the present invention provides an optical module testing system based on preheating and linear feedback, the optical module testing system comprising: The preheating management module is used to inject an initial operating current into the laser of the optical module under test after the optical module under test is powered on and started, and gradually increase the operating current of the laser to the full operating current according to a gradual law within the set preheating time window. The thermal stability monitoring module is used to monitor the output optical power of the optical module under test and determine whether the optical module under test has reached a thermally stable state based on the fluctuation of the optical power at continuous sampling points. The linear feedback adjustment module is used to enter formal testing after the optical module under test reaches the thermal stability state. It calculates the power deviation based on the set target optical power and the current measured optical power, and calculates the adjustment amount of the adjustable optical attenuator by combining the set feedback gain coefficient and the linear attenuation factor that decreases monotonically with the number of adjustment steps. The attenuation value of the adjustable optical attenuator is dynamically linearly adjusted by the adjustment amount. The steady-state data acquisition module is used to stop the dynamic linear feedback adjustment of the adjustable optical attenuator when the power deviation is determined to meet the preset convergence condition, generate a data acquisition enable signal, and trigger the data acquisition device to perform steady-state data acquisition.

[0015] A third aspect of the present invention provides an optical module testing device based on preheating and linear feedback, the optical module testing device based on preheating and linear feedback comprising: a memory and at least one processor, the memory storing instructions, and the memory and the at least one processor being interconnected via a line; The at least one processor invokes the instructions in the memory to cause the optical module testing device based on preheating and linear feedback to perform the optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback as described in any one of the first aspects of the present invention.

[0016] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback as described in any one of the first aspects of the present invention.

[0017] Beneficial Effects: This invention provides a testing method, system, and related equipment for optical modules based on preheating and linear feedback. The method includes injecting an initial operating current into the laser of the optical module under test after power-on, and linearly and gradually increasing the laser's operating current to full operating current within a preheating time window; monitoring the output optical power of the module, and determining whether the module has reached a thermally stable state based on the fluctuation of the optical power; after reaching a thermally stable state, entering the test, calculating the power deviation based on the target and measured optical power, and dynamically adjusting the adjustment amount of the optical attenuator by combining the feedback gain coefficient and the monotonically decreasing linear attenuation factor; when the power deviation meets the preset convergence condition, stopping the adjustment and triggering steady-state data acquisition. This invention achieves rapid and accurate convergence of optical power by performing preheating before the test starts to bring the optical module into a thermally stable state and using a linear feedback method to dynamically compensate the attenuator during the test. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the hardware architecture of an optical module testing system based on preheating and linear feedback, which is an exemplary invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback, which is an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the complete test logic of an optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback, which is an exemplary invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a linear feedback control process according to an exemplary method of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the software architecture of an optical module testing system based on preheating and linear feedback, which is an exemplary invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an optical module testing device based on preheating and linear feedback, which is an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" or "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0020] The first aspect of this invention provides a testing method for optical modules based on preheating and linear feedback. The core of this method lies in introducing a preheating mechanism and linear feedback control into the optical module testing process, forming a three-stage testing architecture of "preheating stabilization → linear feedback convergence → steady-state measurement." The preheating mechanism and linear feedback control constitute a deeply coupled technical path: in the preheating stage, a link reference model is established through a gradual current increase, which can provide accurate initial state estimation for subsequent linear feedback; in the linear feedback stage, the linear feedback method is used to quickly approximate the target power, avoiding blind searching. This invention achieves rapid and accurate convergence of optical power by executing a preheating process before the test starts to bring the optical module into a thermally stable state, and by using a linear feedback algorithm to dynamically compensate the attenuator during the test.

[0021] See Figure 1 The hardware architecture of the testing system upon which this invention relies includes: a host computer control module for running test control software, coordinating the work of each module, and executing a preheating mechanism and a linear feedback algorithm; an adjustable optical attenuator for receiving instructions from the host computer and adjusting the optical attenuation value according to the adjustment amount calculated by the linear feedback algorithm; an optical power meter for real-time acquisition of optical power and feeding the measured value back to the host computer; an optical switch for enabling multi-channel optical path switching and supporting one-to-many testing scenarios; a TEC temperature control module for assisting in controlling the ambient temperature of the optical module during the preheating stage and accelerating the thermal stabilization process; a spectrometer for performing spectral measurements and acquiring detailed spectral data after optical power convergence; and a data storage module for storing preheating data, feedback adjustment data, and final measurement results during the testing process.

[0022] The signal flow between the various hardware modules of this invention is as follows: the host computer sends an attenuation value setting command to the adjustable optical attenuator through the control bus; after the adjustable optical attenuator executes the command, the optical power meter samples the optical power in real time and feeds it back to the host computer through the data bus; after the host computer performs calculations and judgments, it sends a data acquisition enable signal to the spectrometer and the optical power meter; the channel switching of the optical switch is scheduled by the host computer according to the convergence status of each channel.

[0023] See Figure 2 The optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback includes: S100. After the optical module under test is powered on, an initial operating current is injected into the laser of the optical module under test, and the operating current of the laser is gradually increased to the full operating current within a set preheating time window according to a gradual rule. In this invention, the operating current of the laser... I ( t A linear preheating function is used for enhancement, and the calculation formula of the linear preheating function is defined as follows: I ( t )= I _init +( I _full -I _init )× t / T w ,in, t ∈[0, T w ], I _init The initial operating current is... I _full This refers to the full-rated operating current. T w The duration of the preheating time window. t This is the current preheating time.

[0024] Specifically, in this invention, the system first initializes, and the host computer loads the test configuration file corresponding to the optical module under test. The test configuration file mainly includes the following parameters: preheating stage parameters (including initial operating current). I _init (e.g., 50% of the rated value), full-rated operating current I _full , duration of the warm-up time window T w (e.g., 10-30 seconds), threshold for determining the standard deviation of thermally stable optical power s _th (e.g., 0.05dBm), number of consecutive sampling points N (e.g., 10), maximum waiting time T _max (e.g., 60 seconds); Feedback convergence phase parameters (including feedback gain coefficient) K (e.g., 0.3-0.8), total number of adjustment steps T _total (e.g., 10 steps), dead zone threshold e (e.g., 0.02dBm), number of consecutive convergence checks M (e.g., 3 times).

[0025] The system will then enter a preheating and stabilization phase. The purpose of this phase is to bring the laser junction temperature of the tested optical module to thermal equilibrium, eliminate optical power drift, and establish an accurate reference for subsequent feedback control. This phase specifically includes: powering on the optical module, and the host computer sending a command to set the initial operating current of its laser. I _init Initiate linear preheating, within the preheating time window. T w Inside, the host computer will follow a linear preheating function. I ( t )= I _init +( I _full -I _init )× t / T w Over time t By gradually increasing the laser's operating current, this progressive soft-start method of the present invention can make the temperature rise process of the optical module smoother and avoid the impact caused by sudden current changes.

[0026] S200. Monitor the output optical power of the optical module under test, and determine whether the optical module under test has reached a thermally stable state based on the fluctuation of the optical power at continuous sampling points. In this invention, this step may include: continuous calculation. N Standard deviation of optical power at each sampling point s When the standard deviation of the optical power s Less than the preset judgment threshold s _th When the preheating time reaches the set maximum waiting time, the optical module under test is determined to have entered a thermally stable state. T _max And the standard deviation of the optical power s Still not less than the determination threshold s _th If so, a warning message will be output.

[0027] Specifically, during the preheating process, the host computer continuously monitors the output optical power through an optical power meter. The system collects optical power at fixed sampling intervals (e.g., 1 second) and calculates the standard deviation of optical power over the latest N consecutive sampling points in real time. s ,like s < s _th If the optical module has entered a thermally stable state, the preheating is considered successful. After successful preheating, the system will record the current stable optical power value. P _stableThis value will be used as the initial state estimate information for the subsequent linear feedback control stage and will be input into the feedback control module; if the time exceeds the maximum waiting time... T _max back, s Still not less than s _th The system will then output a warning message indicating "preheating not met". In another optional embodiment of the present invention, the system will display the latest... N The average value of each sampling point is used as the optical power stability value and fed into the feedback control module (corresponding to more conservative feedback parameters (such as halving the gain coefficient K) for subsequent testing).

[0028] S300: After the tested optical module reaches the thermally stable state, formal testing begins. The power deviation is calculated based on the set target optical power and the current measured optical power. Combined with the set feedback gain coefficient and a linear attenuation factor that monotonically decreases with the number of adjustment steps, the adjustment amount of the adjustable optical attenuator is calculated. The attenuation value of the adjustable optical attenuator is then dynamically and linearly adjusted using this adjustment amount. In this invention, this step may include: calculating the target optical power. P _target Compared with the current measured optical power P _actual ( t 1) Power deviation e ( t 1), where, e ( t 1) =P _target -P _actual ( t 1) Combined with the set feedback gain coefficient K The adjustment amount of the tunable attenuator is calculated using a linear feedback control law with dead zone. A ( t 1), where, A ( t 1) =K×e ( t 1) ×L ( t 1), L ( t 1) is the linear attenuation factor; the linear attenuation factor L ( t The calculation formula for 1) is defined as follows: L ( t 1)= max (0,1 t 1 / T _total ),in, t1 represents the current adjustment step number for the current test point. T _total The total number of adjustment steps set for the current test point.

[0029] Specifically, after preheating, the system will execute a linear feedback control algorithm for each test item. The process can be as follows: The host computer obtains the target optical power of the current test point. P _target And read the current measured optical power from the optical power meter. P _actual ( t 1) Calculate the power deviation e ( t 1) =P _target -P _actual ( t 1), and at the same time, according to the formula L ( t 1)= max (0,1 t 1 / T _total Calculate the linear decay factor, where t 1 represents the current adjustment step for the current test point.

[0030] Then, the system will execute a control law with a dead zone and determine the absolute value of the deviation. e ( t 1) Is it greater than the dead zone threshold? e If | e ( t 1) |≥ e Then calculate the attenuator adjustment amount. A ( t 1) =K×e ( t 1) ×L ( t 1), and update the attenuator value. A ( t 1+1)= A ( t 1)+ A ( t 1) The host computer sends the new attenuation value to the adjustable attenuator for execution. If | e ( t 1)∣< e If it enters a dead zone, no adjustment will be made, that is... A ( t 1) = 0 (that is, in an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the dynamic linear feedback adjustment of the attenuation value of the tunable optical attenuator by the adjustment amount includes: setting a dead zone threshold). e When the absolute value of the power deviation is | e ( t 1) |≥The dead zone threshold e When, execute the adjustment amount A ( t 1) To update the attenuation value of the tunable attenuator; when the absolute value of the power deviation is | e ( t 1) | < the dead zone threshold e When entering the dead zone, the adjustment of the attenuation value of the adjustable optical attenuator is not performed. This adjustment method of the present invention can effectively avoid ineffective adjustment and oscillation caused by small fluctuations caused by system noise near the target value.

[0031] S400. When it is determined that the power deviation meets the preset convergence condition, the dynamic linear feedback adjustment of the adjustable optical attenuator is stopped, a data acquisition enable signal is generated, and the data acquisition device is triggered to perform steady-state data acquisition.

[0032] In this invention, for convergence determination, the system records that the absolute value of the power deviation after each adjustment is less than... e In the case of continuous M The absolute values ​​of the deviations measured in each instance were all less than the dead zone threshold. e When the system determines that the optical power at the current test point has stably converged to the target value, once convergence is determined, the host computer will immediately generate and send a "data acquisition enable signal" to the spectrometer and / or optical power meter, triggering the spectrometer and / or optical power meter to perform steady-state data acquisition (i.e., when the power deviation is determined to meet the preset convergence condition, the dynamic linear feedback adjustment of the adjustable optical attenuator is stopped, a data acquisition enable signal is generated, and the data acquisition device is triggered to perform steady-state data acquisition, including: when the continuous M The absolute value of the power deviation measured in this instance | e ( t 1) | are all less than the dead zone threshold. e When the optical power at the current test point has converged to the target optical power, the data acquisition enable signal is triggered to notify the spectrometer to start data acquisition. The collaborative interaction mechanism between the algorithm and hardware of this invention ensures that all acquired data is obtained under stable optical power conditions, thus guaranteeing the validity of the data. After all test items are completed, the system will integrate all acquired data, generate and output a test report, and store the data in the data storage module.

[0033] Furthermore, in an optional embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the application scenario of the optical module testing method includes automated multi-channel testing of optical modules with one-to-many connections. The automated multi-channel testing of optical modules with one-to-many connections includes: for each test channel, independently setting preheating parameters according to the characteristics of the optical module under test in the test channel to execute an independent preheating mechanism; after entering the formal test, independently maintaining and calculating the power deviation, the linear attenuation factor, and the adjustment amount of the adjustable optical attenuator for each test channel to achieve independent control of each test channel without interference; when it is determined that any test channel completes convergence first, automatically scheduling the data acquisition device to acquire data from the test channel.

[0034] Specifically, the method of this invention can be seamlessly applied to multi-channel optical module testing scenarios, greatly improving testing efficiency. The testing process can be exemplarily as follows: The host computer creates an independent control thread for each test channel (such as channel 1, channel 2... channel N) connected through an optical switch. Each thread independently executes the warm-up stage and the feedback convergence stage. Each channel has its own independent warm-up parameters, feedback variables, and convergence state control. The system can adapt to the differences in optical path loss between different channels and the individual differences of modules. The scheduling center of the host computer will monitor the convergence status of all channels in real time. When any channel (such as channel 2) completes convergence first, the host computer immediately sends a command to the optical switch to switch the optical path to channel 2, sends a data acquisition enable signal to the spectrometer, and measures channel 2. During the spectrometer measurement, the feedback control threads of other channels (channel 1, 3, 4...) will not be blocked, but will continue to perform their respective attenuator adjustments and convergence determination. When channel 2 has been measured, the scheduling center will check whether other channels have also reached the convergence state. If so, the optical path will be switched immediately and a new measurement will begin.

[0035] To better understand the optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback of this invention, please refer to... Figure 3 The present invention provides a specific embodiment as follows: S1: System initialization, host computer loads test configuration (including parameters) T w , s _th , K , e wait).

[0036] S2: Optical module powers on and executes preheating mechanism: S2.1: Set the initial laser current to 50% of the rated value.

[0037] S2.2: In the preheating window T wInternal linear boost current to rated value I ( t )= I _init +( I _full -I _init )× t / T w .

[0038] S2.3: Standard deviation of monitored optical power s ,when s < s _th Determine thermal stability and record the current stable optical power value. P _stable Conservative control parameters are adopted. K , M =3) Perform the test; if in T _max Inside s Always ≥ s _th If so, output the warning information, and use the latest current information. N The average value of each sampling point is used as P _stable The channel is marked as preheating not meeting standards (warning) status, and then the corrected conservative control parameters are used. K' = K ×0.5, M' =2) Conduct the test.

[0039] S2.4: Record the current stable value of optical power. P _stable The current-power mapping relationship is fed into the feedback control module as reference state information.

[0040] S3: Proceed to the formal test, and execute linear feedback control at each test point (see [link]). Figure 4 ): S3.1: Set target optical power P _target Read the current measured optical power P _actual ( t 1).

[0041] S3.2: Calculate the deviation e ( t 1) =P _target -P _actual ( t 1).

[0042] S3.3: Calculate the linear decay factorL ( t 1)= max (0,1 t 1 / T _total ).

[0043] S3.4: If | e ( t 1) |≥ e Calculate the attenuator adjustment amount A ( t 1) =K×e ( t 1) ×L ( t 1) (Use after preheating to meet standards) or A ( t 1) = K'×e ( t 1) ×L ( t 1) (If preheating is insufficient), update the attenuator value. A ( t 1+1)= A ( t 1)+ A ( t 1); If | e ( t 1)∣< e Then it enters the dead zone and does not adjust.

[0044] S3.5: Continuous M (Use only after preheating to the required standard) or M' (If preheating is not up to standard) The deviation is less than e If convergence is detected, the data acquisition enable signal will be triggered.

[0045] S3.6: After receiving the enable signal, the spectrometer / optical power meter performs data acquisition and storage.

[0046] S4: After all test points are completed, output the test report and store the data.

[0047] In summary, the main innovations of this invention's optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback are as follows: (1) Preheating Mechanism Design: The preheating mechanism of this invention draws on the idea of ​​"learning rate preheating" in deep learning optimization. In the early stage of training, the learning rate is gradually increased so that the system gradually adapts before entering the formal optimization process. In this invention, the preheating mechanism is applied to the startup stage of optical module testing: power-on initialization, after the system is powered on, the host computer sends a command to turn on the laser of the optical module under test and sets the initial operating current to 50% of the rated value; linear preheating, during the preheating time window... Tw Within this process, the laser's operating current is gradually increased from its initial value (50% of the rated value) to its rated value (100%) using a linear function. The linear preheating function is defined as: I ( t )= I _init +( I _full -I _init )× t / T w ,in, t ∈[0, T w ], I _init This is the initial current (50% of the rated value). I _full For full current, T w This is the duration of the warm-up time window (typically 10-30 seconds, which can be adaptively set according to the type of optical module).

[0048] Thermal stability determination: After preheating, the system continuously monitors the output optical power of the optical module and calculates the continuous... N Sampling points (typical) N The standard deviation of optical power (=10, sampling interval 1 second) s ,when s Less than the preset threshold s _th When the value reaches 0.05dBm (typical), the optical module is considered to have entered a thermally stable state and is allowed to enter the formal testing phase. If the maximum waiting time is exceeded... T _max If the standard is still not met, the system will output a warning message and conduct a test using the current best conditions.

[0049] After the preheating is completed and the baseline information is transmitted, and the thermal stability determination is passed, the system records the initial stable value of the optical power at this time. P _stable The current-power mapping relationship during the preheating process is used as the reference state information for subsequent linear feedback control and is transmitted to the feedback control module. In this invention, the role of the reference state information can be as follows: Assuming that the target power of the first test point is set to -10dBm when the system starts up, and assuming that the initial stable optical power obtained through thermal stabilization is +5.2dBm, then the attenuation value of the adjustable optical attenuator can be set to around 15.2dB for the first time, and then the adjustable optical attenuator will iteratively converge based on this value.

[0050] The existing preheating method is "fixed delay waiting for temperature to stabilize", which is an open-loop control. The present invention adopts a closed-loop method of linear progressive current increase + real-time optical power standard deviation determination. The preheating end condition is determined by the actual thermal stability state of each optical module rather than a fixed time, realizing intelligent preheating, so that each module can enter the test as soon as it is thermally stable.

[0051] (2) Linear feedback control algorithm: The linear feedback control algorithm is the core of this invention, used to dynamically compensate the adjustable optical attenuator during the test. The linear feedback control algorithm of this invention draws on the principle of "linear decay" in deep learning, so that the control quantity gradually approaches the target value according to a linear function, avoiding system oscillation caused by sudden changes. Compared with the fuzzy PID already used in the field of optical attenuator control, the algorithm of this invention does not require tuning multiple gain parameters. K p , K i , K d Only one feedback gain coefficient needs to be set. K The threshold for engineering deployment has been significantly reduced.

[0052] The process is as follows: Define the target optical power P _target Compared with the current measured optical power P _actual ( t The deviation of 1) is: e ( t 1) = P _target -P _actual ( t 1) Calculate the attenuator adjustment using a linear feedback control law with dead zone: A ( t 1) =K×e ( t 1) ×L ( t 1), of which K This is the feedback gain factor (typical value 0.3-0.8). L ( t 1) is the linear decay factor, defined as: L ( t 1)= max (0,1 t 1 / T _total ),in, T _total The total number of adjustment steps at the current test point, and the linear decay factor. L ( tThe function of 1) is to provide a larger gain to the feedback during the initial stage of adjustment to accelerate convergence, and to gradually reduce the gain during the later stage of adjustment to achieve fine approximation and avoid oscillations around the target value. Traditional PID control uses a fixed gain. K p The effective gain remains constant throughout the adjustment process. When approaching the target value, the adjustment range naturally decreases due to the reduction in error. However, there is still a risk of overshoot due to the mismatch between the fixed gain and the current error.

[0053] The linear attenuation factor of the present invention L ( t 1) It is a planning feedforward compensation whose value depends only on the ratio of the current adjustment step to the total number of steps, rather than on the posterior response based on the error state. This design allows the adjustment strategy to a priori arrange the complete path of "large step size fast approximation → small step size fine convergence" in the time dimension, without having to dynamically adjust according to real-time error feedback like traditional PID, and has better engineering predictability and ease of deployment.

[0054] Set a dead zone; when the deviation is | e ( t 1) | less than the dead zone threshold e When the typical value is 0.02dBm, attenuator adjustment is not performed; it is directly determined that the target power has been reached, avoiding frequent fine-tuning due to noise and updating the attenuator value. A ( t 1+1)= A ( t 1)+ A ( t 1) When continuous M times (typical M =3) All deviations are less than the dead zone threshold. e When the optical power at the current test point has converged to the target value, a data acquisition enable signal is triggered, notifying the spectrometer / optical power meter to start data acquisition. The "feedback convergence status" is bound to the "data acquisition start time" to ensure the effectiveness of the acquisition.

[0055] The calculation results of the linear feedback algorithm used in this invention A ( t 1+1) The data is sent to the execution unit of the adjustable optical attenuator through the control interface of the host computer (such as GPIB or serial port). At the same time, the sampling timing of the optical power meter is controlled by the convergence status of the feedback algorithm - the system only starts the shared devices such as the spectrometer to collect data after convergence is determined, so as to avoid invalid collection when the optical power is not stable, reduce the occupation time of the shared devices, and improve the overall throughput of the one-to-many system.

[0056] (4) Multi-channel independent preheating and feedback control: In a multi-channel test scenario, the present invention independently executes a preheating mechanism and linear feedback control for each test channel: each channel preheats independently, and the duration of the preheating time window is independently set according to the type and initial state of the optical module of each channel. T w And the threshold for determining thermal stability s _th They do not interfere with each other; each channel provides independent feedback, and each channel maintains an independent deviation variable. e ( t 1) Linear attenuation factor L ( t 1) and attenuator value A ( t 1) Achieve independent convergence control for each channel; Channel coordination: The host computer shares resources such as optical switches and time-division multiplexing spectrometers. When a channel completes preheating and enters the feedback convergence stage, it automatically allocates shared resources for data acquisition, thereby improving the overall throughput of the system.

[0057] Based on the above technical innovations, the optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback of this invention can bring at least the following technical effects: (1) Eliminating optical power drift during the test start-up phase, the preheating mechanism ensures that the optical modules reach a thermally stable state before formal testing, avoiding optical power drift caused by unbalanced laser junction temperature. Compared with the existing fixed delay waiting scheme, the preheating mechanism uses a linear and gradual approach to increase laser power, making the thermal balance process smoother. Furthermore, it ensures that each optical module reaches thermal stability before entering the test by judging the standard deviation of optical power, effectively eliminating misjudgments caused by thermal instability.

[0058] (2) Improve the convergence speed of attenuator adjustment. The linear feedback algorithm uses a large effective gain to accelerate the approximation of the target power in the early stage of adjustment, and gradually reduces the gain through the linear attenuation factor in the later stage to achieve fine convergence. Compared with the existing fixed step iteration method (8-15 steps to convergence), this algorithm reduces the typical number of convergence steps to 3-5 steps, and improves the test efficiency by about 50%-70%. The benchmark information established in the preheating stage provides an accurate initial state estimate for feedback control, further reducing the number of convergence steps in the feedback stage. The synergistic effect of preheating and feedback is better than the simple sum of the effects of the two.

[0059] (3) Avoid adjustment oscillations near the target value. The linear decay factor makes the feedback gain decrease with the number of adjustment steps. When approaching the target power, the adjustment amplitude is automatically reduced. Combined with the dead zone mechanism, it effectively avoids repeated oscillations caused by noise near the target value. Compared with the traditional fixed gain PID control, the monotonically decreasing gain of this scheme has stronger engineering predictability and lower parameter tuning complexity.

[0060] (4) Improve the consistency of multi-channel testing. Each channel independently performs preheating and feedback control, which can adaptively compensate according to the actual optical path loss and device characteristics of each channel, ensuring that the optical power reaching the optical power meter of each channel is accurately converged to the target value, which significantly improves the consistency of multi-channel testing.

[0061] (5) Strong system compatibility. This method can be adapted to different types of optical modules (such as DFB lasers, VCSELs, PIN-TIA receiver modules, etc.). The preheating parameters and feedback parameters can be flexibly set through the configuration file. It can be adapted to new products without modifying the hardware architecture. The linear feedback control only requires setting a gain coefficient, without the need for tuning like traditional PID controllers. K p , K i , K d With three parameters, the engineering deployment threshold is low.

[0062] (6) Improve the overall throughput of the multi-channel system. By binding the feedback convergence status with the data acquisition start time, the optical power meter is prevented from performing invalid acquisition when the optical power is not stable, which effectively reduces the invalid occupation time of shared equipment such as spectrometers. This advantage is more obvious when there are more channels.

[0063] See Figure 5 A second aspect of the present invention provides an optical module testing system based on preheating and linear feedback, the optical module testing system comprising: The preheating management module 10 is used to inject an initial operating current into the laser of the optical module under test after the optical module under test is powered on and started, and gradually increase the operating current of the laser to the full operating current according to a gradual law within the set preheating time window. The thermal stability monitoring module 20 is used to monitor the output optical power of the optical module under test and determine whether the optical module under test has reached a thermally stable state based on the fluctuation state of the optical power at continuous sampling points. The linear feedback adjustment module 30 is used to enter formal testing after the optical module under test reaches the thermal stability state. It calculates the power deviation based on the set target optical power and the current measured optical power, and calculates the adjustment amount of the adjustable optical attenuator by combining the set feedback gain coefficient and the linear attenuation factor that decreases monotonically with the number of adjustment steps. The attenuation value of the adjustable optical attenuator is dynamically linearly adjusted by the adjustment amount. The steady-state data acquisition module 40 is used to stop the dynamic linear feedback adjustment of the adjustable optical attenuator when it is determined that the power deviation meets the preset convergence condition, generate a data acquisition enable signal, and trigger the data acquisition device to perform steady-state data acquisition.

[0064] In an optional embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the operating current of the laser is... I ( t A linear preheating function is used for enhancement, and the calculation formula of the linear preheating function is defined as follows: I ( t )= I _init +( I _full -I _init )× t / T w ,in, t ∈[0, T w ], I _init The initial operating current is... I _full This refers to the full-rated operating current. T w The duration of the preheating time window. t This is the current preheating time.

[0065] In an optional embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the thermal stability monitoring module includes: Standard deviation calculation unit, used for continuous calculation N Standard deviation of optical power at each sampling point s ; Thermal stability determination unit, used when the optical power standard deviation s Less than the preset judgment threshold s _th When the measured optical module enters a thermally stable state, it is determined that the measured optical module has entered a thermally stable state. An abnormal handling unit is used to handle situations where the preheating time reaches the set maximum waiting time. T _max And the standard deviation of the optical power s Still not less than the determination threshold s _th If so, a warning message will be output.

[0066] In an optional embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the linear feedback adjustment module includes: The power deviation calculation unit is used to calculate the target optical power. P _target Compared with the current measured optical power P _actual ( t 1) Power deviation e ( t 1), where, e ( t1) =P _target -P _actual ( t 1); The adjustment calculation unit is used to combine the set feedback gain coefficient. K The adjustment amount of the tunable attenuator is calculated using a linear feedback control law with dead zone. A ( t 1), where, A ( t 1) =K×e ( t 1) ×L ( t 1), L ( t 1) is the linear decay factor.

[0067] In an optional embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the linear attenuation factor L ( t The calculation formula for 1) is defined as follows: L ( t 1)= max (0,1 t 1 / T _total ),in, t 1 represents the current adjustment step number for the current test point. T _total The total number of adjustment steps set for the current test point.

[0068] In an optional embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the linear feedback adjustment module is further configured to: set a dead zone threshold. e When the absolute value of the power deviation is | e ( t 1) |≥The dead zone threshold e When, execute the adjustment amount A ( t 1) To update the attenuation value of the tunable attenuator; when the absolute value of the power deviation is | e ( t 1) | < the dead zone threshold e When entering a dead zone, the adjustment of the attenuation value of the adjustable optical attenuator is not performed; The steady-state data acquisition module is also used to, when continuous M The absolute value of the power deviation measured in this instance | e ( t 1) | are all less than the dead zone threshold. eWhen the optical power at the current test point has converged to the target optical power, the data acquisition enable signal is triggered to notify the spectrometer to start data acquisition.

[0069] In an optional embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the application scenario of the optical module testing system includes automated multi-channel testing of optical modules, wherein the automated multi-channel testing of optical modules includes: for each test channel, independently setting preheating parameters according to the characteristics of the optical module under test in the test channel to execute an independent preheating mechanism; after entering the formal test, independently maintaining and calculating the power deviation, the linear attenuation factor and the adjustment amount of the adjustable optical attenuator for each test channel to achieve independent control of each test channel without interference; and when it is determined that any test channel has completed convergence first, automatically scheduling the data acquisition device to acquire data from the test channel.

[0070] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a preheating and linear feedback-based optical module testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. This testing device can vary considerably depending on its configuration or performance, and may include one or more processors 50 (central processing units, CPUs) (e.g., one or more processors) and a memory 60, and one or more storage media 70 (e.g., one or more mass storage devices) for storing recording programs or data. The memory and storage media can be short-term or persistent storage. The program stored in the storage media may include one or more modules (not shown in the figure), each module including a series of instruction operations on the preheating and linear feedback-based optical module testing device. Furthermore, the processor may be configured to communicate with the storage media to execute the series of instruction operations in the storage media on the preheating and linear feedback-based optical module testing device.

[0071] The optical module testing equipment based on preheating and linear feedback in this embodiment of the invention may further include one or more power supplies 80, one or more wired or wireless network interfaces 90, one or more input / output interfaces 100, and / or one or more operating systems, such as Windows Server, Mac OS, Unix, Linux, FreeBSD, etc. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 6 The illustrated optical module test equipment structure based on preheating and linear feedback does not constitute a limitation on optical module test equipment based on preheating and linear feedback. It may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0072] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which can be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium or a volatile computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback.

[0073] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the system, module, or unit described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0074] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit or a combination of software and hardware and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a preheating and linear feedback-based optical module testing device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0075] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A testing method for optical modules based on preheating and linear feedback, characterized in that, include: After the optical module under test is powered on, an initial operating current is injected into the laser of the optical module under test, and the operating current of the laser is gradually increased to the full operating current within the set preheating time window according to a gradual law. Monitor the output optical power of the optical module under test, and determine whether the optical module under test has reached a thermally stable state based on the fluctuation of the optical power at continuous sampling points; After the optical module under test reaches the thermal stability state, the formal test begins. The power deviation is calculated based on the set target optical power and the current measured optical power. Combined with the set feedback gain coefficient and the linear attenuation factor that decreases monotonically with the number of adjustment steps, the adjustment amount of the adjustable optical attenuator is calculated. The attenuation value of the adjustable optical attenuator is dynamically and linearly adjusted by the adjustment amount. When the power deviation is determined to meet the preset convergence condition, the dynamic linear feedback adjustment of the adjustable optical attenuator is stopped, a data acquisition enable signal is generated, and the data acquisition device is triggered to perform steady-state data acquisition.

2. The optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating current of the laser I ( t A linear preheating function is used for enhancement, and the calculation formula of the linear preheating function is defined as follows: I ( t )= I _init +( I _full -I _init )× t / T w ,in, t ∈[0, T w ], I _init The initial operating current is... I _full This refers to the full-rated operating current. T w The duration of the preheating time window. t This is the current preheating time.

3. The optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of monitoring the output optical power of the optical module under test and determining whether the optical module under test has reached a thermally stable state based on the fluctuation of optical power at continuous sampling points includes: Continuous calculation N Standard deviation of optical power at each sampling point σ ; When the optical power standard deviation σ Less than the preset judgment threshold σ _th When the measured optical module enters a thermally stable state, it is determined that the measured optical module has entered a thermally stable state. If the preheating time reaches the set maximum waiting time T _max And the standard deviation of the optical power σ Still not less than the determination threshold σ _th If so, a warning message will be output.

4. The optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the tested optical module reaches the thermally stable state, the formal test begins. The power deviation is calculated based on the set target optical power and the current measured optical power. Combined with the set feedback gain coefficient and a linear attenuation factor that monotonically decreases with the number of adjustment steps, the adjustment amount of the adjustable optical attenuator is calculated, including: Calculate target optical power P _target Compared with the current measured optical power P _actual ( t 1) Power deviation e ( t 1), where, e ( t 1) = P _target -P _actual ( t 1); Combined with the set feedback gain coefficient K The adjustment amount of the tunable attenuator is calculated using a linear feedback control law with dead zone. ΔA ( t 1), where, ΔA ( t 1) =K×e ( t 1) ×L ( t 1), L ( t 1) is the linear decay factor.

5. The optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback according to claim 4, characterized in that, The linear attenuation factor L ( t The calculation formula for 1) is defined as follows: L ( t 1)= max (0,1 t 1 / T _total ),in, t 1 represents the current adjustment step number for the current test point. T _total The total number of adjustment steps set for the current test point.

6. The optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dynamic linear feedback adjustment of the attenuation value of the tunable attenuator through the adjustment amount includes: setting a dead zone threshold. ε When the absolute value of the power deviation is | e ( t 1) |≥The dead zone threshold ε When, execute the adjustment amount ΔA ( t 1) To update the attenuation value of the tunable attenuator; when the absolute value of the power deviation is | e ( t 1) | < the dead zone threshold ε When entering a dead zone, the adjustment of the attenuation value of the adjustable optical attenuator is not performed; The step of stopping the dynamic linear feedback adjustment of the adjustable optical attenuator when the power deviation is determined to meet the preset convergence condition, generating a data acquisition enable signal, and triggering the data acquisition device to perform steady-state data acquisition includes: when the continuous M The absolute value of the power deviation measured in this instance | e ( t 1) | are all less than the dead zone threshold. ε When the optical power at the current test point has converged to the target optical power, the data acquisition enable signal is triggered to notify the spectrometer to start data acquisition.

7. The optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The application scenarios of the optical module testing method include automated testing of multiple channels of a single-to-many optical module, which includes: For each test channel, preheating parameters are independently set according to the characteristics of the optical module under test in the test channel to execute an independent preheating mechanism; After entering the formal test, the power deviation, the linear attenuation factor and the adjustment amount of the tunable attenuator are independently calculated for each test channel to achieve independent control of each test channel without interference. When it is determined that any of the test channels has completed convergence first, the data acquisition device is automatically scheduled to acquire data from the test channel.

8. A test system for optical modules based on preheating and linear feedback, characterized in that, The optical module testing system includes: The preheating management module is used to inject an initial operating current into the laser of the optical module under test after the optical module under test is powered on and started, and gradually increase the operating current of the laser to the full operating current according to a gradual law within the set preheating time window. The thermal stability monitoring module is used to monitor the output optical power of the optical module under test and determine whether the optical module under test has reached a thermally stable state based on the fluctuation of the optical power at continuous sampling points. The linear feedback adjustment module is used to enter formal testing after the optical module under test reaches the thermal stability state. It calculates the power deviation based on the set target optical power and the current measured optical power, and calculates the adjustment amount of the adjustable optical attenuator by combining the set feedback gain coefficient and the linear attenuation factor that decreases monotonically with the number of adjustment steps. The attenuation value of the adjustable optical attenuator is dynamically linearly adjusted by the adjustment amount. The steady-state data acquisition module is used to stop the dynamic linear feedback adjustment of the adjustable optical attenuator when the power deviation is determined to meet the preset convergence condition, generate a data acquisition enable signal, and trigger the data acquisition device to perform steady-state data acquisition.

9. A testing device for optical modules based on preheating and linear feedback, characterized in that, The optical module testing equipment based on preheating and linear feedback includes: a memory and at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions, and the memory and the at least one processor are interconnected via lines; The at least one processor invokes the instructions in the memory to cause the optical module testing device based on preheating and linear feedback to perform the optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the optical module testing method based on preheating and linear feedback as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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