Ue assistance for network parameter selection in context of ue-side ml model

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to UE assistance for network parameter selection in context of UE-side ML model. Various examples of embodiments described herein relate to apparatuses and methods for providing UE assistance for network parameter selection in context of UE-side ML model. One such example of embodiments relates to an apparatus in a user equipment comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to determine a preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and transmit an indication of the preferred reference signal scheme to a network node in a channel quality indication, CQI, report.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to apparatus, methods, and computer program products for providing UE assistance in the context of selecting network parameters for a UE-side ML model. Background Technology

[0002] The meanings of the abbreviations used in this instruction manual are as follows:

[0003] ACK - Confirmation

[0004] CQI - Channel Quality Indicator

[0005] CSI-RS - Channel State Information Reference Signal

[0006] DL - Downlink

[0007] DMRS - Demodulation Reference Signal

[0008] HARQ - Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

[0009] KPI - Key Performance Indicators

[0010] LI - Link Indicator

[0011] MAC CE – Media Access Control Element

[0012] MCS - Modulation and Coding Scheme

[0013] OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0014] PMI - Precoding Matrix Indicator

[0015] RE - Resource Elements

[0016] RI – Rank Indicator

[0017] RP - Conventional Pilot

[0018] RS - Reference Signal

[0019] SIP - Superimposed Pilot

[0020] UE - User Equipment

[0021] The example implementation (though not limited thereto) relates to channel estimation performed by the UE using a reference signal. Traditionally, the UE is configured with a reference signal scheme, and the UE uses the reference signal to detect multiple channel quality-related parameters and report the results to the network.

[0022] Traditional methods may cause problems when a large number of UEs are involved. Summary of the Invention

[0023] The example implementation addresses this situation and aims to improve the processing related to channel estimation on the UE side.

[0024] Various aspects of exemplary embodiments are set forth in the appended claims.

[0025] According to a first illustrative aspect, an apparatus in a user equipment is provided, the apparatus comprising:

[0026] At least one processor, and

[0027] At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to at least:

[0028] Determine the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and

[0029] The preferred reference signaling scheme is sent to the network nodes in the Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report.

[0030] According to a second illustrative aspect, a method for a user equipment is provided, the method comprising:

[0031] Determine the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and

[0032] The preferred reference signaling scheme is sent to the network nodes in the Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report.

[0033] According to a third illustrative aspect, an apparatus in a network node is provided, the apparatus comprising:

[0034] At least one processor, and

[0035] At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to at least:

[0036] The Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report receives an indication from the user equipment of the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and

[0037] Determine whether to apply the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation indicated by the user equipment.

[0038] According to a fourth illustrative aspect, a method for a network node is provided, the method comprising:

[0039] The Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report receives an indication from the user equipment of the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and

[0040] Determine whether to apply the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation indicated by the user equipment.

[0041] According to a fifth illustrative aspect, a computer program product is provided, comprising a code component that, when run on a processing component or module, is used to perform the method according to any one of the second and fourth aspects.

[0042] According to a sixth illustrative aspect, an apparatus is provided, the apparatus comprising:

[0043] Components for determining the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and

[0044] A component used to send an indication of the preferred reference signaling scheme to network nodes in a Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report.

[0045] According to a seventh illustrative aspect, an apparatus is provided, the apparatus comprising:

[0046] Components for receiving an indication of a preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation from a user equipment in a Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report, and

[0047] A component for determining whether to apply the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation indicated by the user equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0048] These and other objects, features, details, and advantages will become more apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments, which will be understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0049] Figure 1A UE 1 according to an example embodiment is shown.

[0050] Figure 1B This illustrates the process performed by UE 1 according to an example embodiment.

[0051] Figure 2A The gNB 2 according to an example embodiment is shown.

[0052] Figure 2B This illustrates the process performed by gNB 2 according to an example embodiment.

[0053] Figure 3 This illustrates another process performed by UE 1 according to an example embodiment.

[0054] Figure 4 This illustrates another process performed by gNB 2 according to an example embodiment.

[0055] Figure 5This shows the resource mapping of resource elements in the resource block for three transmission schemes: pilot-based transmission, superimposed pilot transmission, and pilot-based sparse transmission.

[0056] Figure 6 The signaling flow according to Example Embodiment I is shown, and

[0057] Figure 7A and Figure 7B This illustrates the possibility of transmitting a preferred RS scheme in a MAC CE according to Example Embodiment II. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The following describes exemplary embodiments. However, it should be understood that this description is given by way of example only, and the described exemplary embodiments should in no way be construed as limiting the invention to the exemplary embodiments.

[0059] Before describing the example embodiments, the technical background and problems of the prior art will be discussed in more detail below.

[0060] As described above, some example implementations relate to channel estimation performed by the UE.

[0061] To ensure accurate channel estimation (crucial for successful data reception), 5G systems and their predecessors rely on using reference signals (also known as pilots), which are separate from data transmission and ideally orthogonal between users. This type of approach is commonly referred to in the literature as the conventional pilot (RP) method. While the conventional pilot method allows the receiver to accurately estimate the channel, it has two main drawbacks:

[0062] a) When the number of users exceeds the number of pilot sequences, and different users are configured with the same pilot sequence, a phenomenon known as pilot pollution will occur.

[0063] b) Pilot insertion leads to a decrease in spectral efficiency because a portion of the resources is allocated to pilot (a known reference signal) transmission.

[0064] To address these challenges, several methods have been proposed in the literature, such as superimposed pilot (SIP) transmission.

[0065] In Superimposed Pilot (SIP) transmission, data is transmitted across all available resource elements (REs). However, some power from all or some of the REs is also allocated to the known pilot components, which aids in channel estimation at the receiver.

[0066] In SIP transmission, at subcarrier k and OFDM symbol m, the transmitted symbol can be represented as: (1) in, and These are the data constellation and the pilot constellation, respectively. Furthermore, This indicates the power allocated for pilot transmission. Note that in superimposed transmission schemes, typically... The pilot symbol P should be known to the receiver, which can be coordinated using a pseudo-random sequence generator that generates pilot symbols for all REs in the resource grid. In a multi-user scenario, each user is assigned a length of RE for SIP transmissions in the resource grid ( The gNB (as a receiver) generates its own pilot sequence (e.g., using a golden sequence). Therefore, the gNB can rely on a length transmitted by multiple UEs. Orthogonality between pilot sequences.

[0067] In pilot-based sparse transmission, similar to the conventional pilot (RP) method, a reference signal (pilot) is transmitted on a RE known to the receiver. However, in pilot-based sparse transmission, fewer reference signals (pilots) are transmitted. This method is suitable for situations where channel conditions change only slowly (e.g., in the case of a static UE).

[0068] Figure 5 The resource mappings of resource elements in the resource block for the three transmission schemes explained (i.e., (a) pilot-based transmission, (b) superimposed pilot transmission, and (c) pilot-based sparse transmission) are shown.

[0069] Furthermore, ML-based receivers have garnered significant attention in recent years. These receivers are expected to offer substantial performance gains compared to traditional analytical receivers. Different types of receivers can exist. For example, each specific model can span different functionalities. One model might support traditional DMRS, another might be optimized for sparser DMRS configurations, and yet another might be optimized for SIP-based DMRS. UE chipset vendors are developing their own neural receivers intended for use as DL ML receivers. Therefore, such models are likely to be implementations of specific, dedicated solutions, thus exceeding any knowledge or control of the RAN.

[0070] In this context, the following two scenarios can be envisioned:

[0071] Scene 1:

[0072] i. The UE chipset vendor has developed an excellent ML-based receiver for SIP DMRS configuration. The company has invested significant effort and money to create a gold standard solution that differentiates itself from any other chipset vendor.

[0073] ii. The UE indicates to the network via a UE capability information message its support for SIP DMRS configuration (whether to disclose it publicly or not, based on an ML solution).

[0074] iii. The selection of a specific network configuration for a given UE occurs autonomously at the network level. The gNB continuously selects legacy 5G DMRS as the configuration selected for a given UE and never switches to SIP.

[0075] iv. The UE must be adapted to the network configuration. The UE's "golden ML model" cannot be used, and alternative solutions, i.e., traditional or different (potentially less golden) ML models, should be used.

[0076] v. All UE development work and potential performance differentials are wasted because the gNB is unaware that a particular network configuration can benefit the UE more than other network configurations.

[0077] Scene 2:

[0078] i. UE chipset vendors have developed ML-based receivers with poor performance for SIP DMRS configuration.

[0079] ii. The UE indicates to the network via a UE capability information message its support for SIP DMRS configuration (whether to disclose it publicly or not, based on an ML solution).

[0080] iii. The selection of a specific network configuration for a given UE occurs autonomously at the network level. The gNB proactively selects the SIP DMRS configuration for that UE.

[0081] iv. Due to the poor performance of the model, gNB observed a decrease in KPIs (e.g., CRC failure rate %) for this UE.

[0082] v. gNB changes the configuration and reverts to the original DMRS sequence, internally adding the UE to the blacklist from the SIP configuration due to poor performance.

[0083] vi. Meanwhile, UE chipset vendors have changed their physical SIP ML model implementation to a different, much better performing model implementation.

[0084] vii. However, due to the previously observed performance degradation, the gNB will no longer select the SIP configuration for that specific UE (at least until the UE context is removed from the network).

[0085] viii. All UE development work and potential performance differentials are wasted because the gNB is unaware that a dedicated model update has occurred on the UE side.

[0086] Therefore, the example embodiments relate to improving this situation by giving the UE the possibility of indicating a preferred configuration to the network.

[0087] In other words, multiple example embodiments provide the UE with the opportunity to indicate to the network what the preferred configuration is to improve the performance of the UE when multiple different network configurations are available.

[0088] According to some example embodiments, this is addressed by suggesting solutions on how the UE can inform the network about preferred configurations for the reference signal design.

[0089] In the following text, by reference Figure 1A , 1B 2A, 2B, 3, and 4 are used to describe a general overview of some example embodiments.

[0090] Figure 1A A UE 1 according to this example embodiment is shown. UE 1 is an example of a device, which may be, for example, a user equipment or part of a user equipment. Figure 1B The process executed by UE1 is shown in the figure. Figure 1A The UE 1 shown includes: at least one processor 11, and at least one memory 12 storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 11, cause the device to at least: determine a preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation (… Figure 1B S11 in the middle), and to network nodes (e.g., Figure 2A The gNB 2 shown in the figure indicates the preferred reference signal scheme for transmission. Figure 1B (S12 in the middle).

[0091] Figure 2A A gNB 2 according to an example embodiment is shown. gNB 2 is an example of an apparatus, which may be, for example, a network device or a network control device, or part of a network device or a network control device. Figure 2B The process executed by gNB 2 is shown in the diagram. Figure 2A The gNB 2 shown includes: at least one processor 21, and at least one memory 22 storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor 21, cause the device to at least: receive instructions from a user equipment (e.g., Figure 1A The UE 1 shown in the figure receives an indication of the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation. Figure 2B S21), and determining whether to apply the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation indicated by the user equipment (S21). Figure 2B (S22 in the middle).

[0092] exist Figure 1A and 2AThe devices 1 and 2 shown may include more components than those described above, and may also include, for example, I / O units 13 and 23, which are capable of transmitting to and receiving from other network units.

[0093] According to the example embodiment described above, the paging message is sent to a single UE. Alternatively, a paging message including information indicating at least one RRC profile can be sent to multiple UEs, as referenced below. Figure 3 and 4 As shown.

[0094] Figure 3 The process executed by the UE is shown, which may have the same characteristics as... Figure 1A The hardware structure is the same as that of UE 1 shown in the figure. Therefore, according to... Figure 3 In an example embodiment, at least one memory 12 stores instructions that, when executed by at least one processor 11, cause the apparatus to at least: determine a preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation ( Figure 3 S31 in the report), and in the Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report to network nodes (e.g., Figure 2A The gNB 2 shown in the figure indicates the preferred reference signal scheme for transmission. Figure 3 (S32 in the text).

[0095] Figure 4 This illustrates a process performed by a network (e.g., a network device such as a gNB), which may have... Figure 2A The same hardware structure as the gNB 2 shown in the diagram. Therefore, according to... Figure 4 In an example embodiment, at least one memory 22 stores instructions that, when executed by at least one processor 21, cause the device to at least: retrieve information from a user equipment (e.g., in a Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report) in a channel quality indication (CQI) report. Figure 1A The UE 1 shown in the figure receives an indication of the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation. Figure 4 S41), and determining whether to apply the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation indicated by the user equipment (S41). Figure 4 (S42 in the text).

[0096] Preferred reference signal schemes may include conventional reference signal schemes, wherein the reference signal is transmitted on predetermined resource elements within a transport block, and / or may include a superimposed pilot (SIP) scheme, wherein predetermined pilot transmission power is allocated across all or selected resource elements within the transport block. Preferred reference signal schemes may include an indication of the number of resource elements within the transport block on which the reference signal is transmitted, and / or an indication of the predetermined pilot transmission power allocated to the reference elements. However, embodiments are not limited to these reference signal schemes, and any other suitable reference signal scheme may be applied.

[0097] The UE can indicate to the network that it is capable of determining a preferred reference signaling scheme for channel estimation. In this case, the network (e.g., gNB) will know that the particular UE is capable of RS scheme selection, and it can anticipate the UE's proposal for the preferred RS scheme.

[0098] Indications of preferred reference signaling schemes can be sent from the UE to the network (e.g., gNB) by using CQI reports, control messages from the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, or information messages based on UE capabilities.

[0099] An example of using control messages at the MAC layer is MAC CE; however, the example embodiment is not limited to this, and any kind of MAC-level messaging system can be applied.

[0100] Some example embodiments are described in more detail below.

[0101] Some example implementations address the proposed problem by suggesting solutions on how the UE can inform the network of the preferred configuration of the reference signal design.

[0102] Traditionally, RS selection is made by the gNB based on some rough understanding of channel conditions and assumptions about certain minimum capabilities of the UE's RX. Now, with AI, the latter assumptions are too conservative, while the former (rough channel information) may be suboptimal, since the UE ultimately knows its own situation best. Therefore, it is recommended that the UE also indicate its RS preference.

[0103] There are several different approaches to solving this problem, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. In summary, the UE can use the following existing frameworks to request specific configurations:

[0104] a) CQI framework – currently used by UEs to request a specific MCS / rank. It can be extended to also request a specific RS design.

[0105] b) MAC CE Framework – The UE can send a MAC CE message requesting a specific RS design. This solution is particularly interesting because it is the most general-purpose solution and scales well when similar configuration issues arise in other configurations besides the RS presented here.

[0106] c) UE Capability Information Framework – When a UE reports multiple capabilities that span the same function (capabilities that support sparse DMRS, capabilities that support SIP, capabilities that support pilotless transmission, etc., all of which span the same function of the RS design), it can use a priority bit to indicate one of the capabilities as the preferred capability.

[0107] Option a) above, namely, using the CQI framework (by sending a CQI-based request), is described below as an example embodiment I.

[0108] In short, according to this embodiment, it is proposed to attach the UR-preferred RS design to the CQI report. In 5G, the UE can currently report the following parameters: RI, LI, CQI, PMI (e.g., see TS 38.214, Chapter 5.2.1.4). These are all time-varying and are used to report back to the UE-perceived channel quality to the gNB. The same applies to RS design; there is no single RS design that is superior to other RS ​​designs for all channel conditions and suitable for all scenarios. For specific channel conditions, the UE can report a request for a higher / lower MCS in the CQI. However, in some cases, it may be beneficial to similarly adjust the RS design to better match channel and interference conditions.

[0109] The following describes how the UE will detect that the RS should be dynamically updated:

[0110] (I) During the channel estimation process, the UE observes the time selectivity of the channel. When the estimated channel changes slowly (typical for low-speed scenarios), fewer DMRSs can be used. When time-varying is high (typical for high-speed scenarios), the UE may recommend using SIP DMRSs, as their only advantage lies in resource allocation across all symbols.

[0111] (II) During the channel estimation process, the UE observes the frequency selectivity of the channel. When the channel selectivity is low, the UE can suggest a sparser DMRS configuration. When the channel selectivity is high, a denser configuration is recommended.

[0112] The following describes how to integrate RS selection into the CQI framework.

[0113] The example solution assumes the creation of a table similar to the one currently used for CQI (TS 38.214 – Table 5.2.2.1-2: 4-bit CQI Table 1). The example is as follows:

[0114] The exact contents of this table should be aligned with the permitted RS schemes as discussed in RAN 1.

[0115] This addition to the measurement framework should be operable in all possible reporting configurations (wideband / subband, periodic / non-periodic, etc.).

[0116] In addition to the above, and as follows Figure 6 As shown, the UE reports new UE capabilities (i.e., "RSIndex Selection") as part of the CQI report. That is, the UE reports its ability to select a reference signaling scheme, which can be indicated by using RSIndex as described above in the table. The gNB then activates this report. This can be done when CSI feedback is configured via activating the "Enhanced CQI Reporting" or "RSIndex Selection" flag.

[0117] Similar to CQI, RS selection can be completed in the following ways: - Subband - broadband Furthermore, this can be assisted via the network through new higher-layer parameters (e.g., timeRestrictionForRSIndexSelection = k in CSI-ReportConfig). If this is the case, the UE can derive the RSIndex using 'k' channel measurements collected no later than the CSI-RS signal associated with the CSI feedback request.

[0118] Therefore, as Figure 6 As shown, in procedure A1, the UE sends a UE capability report to the gNB, which includes RSIndex selection as part of the CQI report. Therefore, the gNB knows that the UE is capable of performing reference signaling scheme selection. In procedure A2, the gNB requests an enhanced CQI report and thus requests RS selection. In other words, the gNB activates the report. This request can include options such as timeRestrictionForRSIndexSection, subband, or wideband. That is, the gNB can provide a time limit for reference signaling scheme selection and can request whether channel estimation should be performed in subband or wideband.

[0119] In procedure A3, the UE performs DL channel measurements and calculates the enhanced CQI. In procedure A4, the UE reports the RSIndex selection (selection of the preferred reference signal (RS) scheme) via the RSIndex provided in the enhanced CQI report. The gNB can then determine whether the suggested RS scheme indicated by the RSIndex should be applied.

[0120] According to Example I, using the CQI framework, a highly dynamic solution can be achieved because CQI reports are generated frequently. Therefore, the RS scheme for channel estimation applications can quickly adapt to changing channel conditions.

[0121] In the following, as an example embodiment II, option b) above is described, namely, using the MAC CE framework (i.e., sending a MAC CE-based request).

[0122] In other words, according to Example Implementation II, UE preferences (i.e., preferred RS schemes) are transmitted using a MAC CE-based request.

[0123] Currently, MAC CE is used to report many measurement reports, UE recommendations, or configurations. A complete list of functions can be found in Tables 6.2.1-1 and 6.2.1-1b of TS 38.321.

[0124] Some examples are that various beam index MAC CEs are currently used to report the best beam index in different predefined settings.

[0125] The potential implementations of the optimal RS configuration index indicator are as follows:

[0126] (i) Add a new row to Table 6.2.1-1b as follows:

[0127] (ii) A description of the MAC CE payload is added as a new section to section 6.1.3.XXX of TS 38.321.

[0128] The payload can have a fixed size of 1 octet and, as... Figure 7A The land shown is constructed.

[0129] Where R is a reserved bit, and RS INDEX is an index similar to the suggested RS configuration defined in Example 1 (but not necessarily in the same position in the specification).

[0130] Note that this is just one concrete example of how a MAC CE can be used to define a preferred RS INDEX. Another solution could be to group all possible UE suggestions into a single MAC CE called a “UE ML Function Index Indicator,” where each octet would correspond to a selection associated with a different ML function. The greatest benefit of such an approach is its scalability to multiple ML use cases and its applicability to all scenarios, not being limited to any particular use case. This proposal can be implemented in scenarios such as... Figure 7B Implemented in the standard shown.

[0131] Note that, according to the proposal, the UE preferably exposes the ML-based receiver to the gNB, and the gNB eventually assigns certain ML function IDs for this use case.

[0132] Compared to Example I, the solution according to this embodiment (the MAC CE-based solution) can be advantageous when the need to report changes to the preferred RS scheme (indicated by RSIndex) is less frequent and / or when dynamic changes to the RS design are not permitted by the standard.

[0133] In the following, as an example embodiment III, option c) above is described, namely, using the UE capability reporting framework (i.e., a request based on UE capabilities).

[0134] As stated above, the UE should use information messages based on UE capabilities to report support for various RS design schemes. Although each RS scheme is inherently a different optional capability, they can be easily grouped together into a family of RS designs.

[0135] According to this embodiment, a priority bit is added to the UE capability information message, which indicates the UE preference when one and only one configuration exists. This standard implementation is reasonable if a particular RS configuration consistently outperforms the others (e.g., a SIP DMRS ML model is designed to significantly outperform any other ML model for different RS schemes). In this case, the UE can indicate the preferred configuration once with limited overhead.

[0136] Therefore, the solution according to Embodiment III is advantageous when no change to the preferred RS scheme is required or only a small change to the preferred RS scheme is required, because in the case of a change, the entire UE capability information message must be retransmitted for a change of one priority bit.

[0137] Therefore, according to several embodiments, different reference signal (RS) schemes can be supported and switching between these schemes can be allowed according to the UE's preferences.

[0138] The above example embodiments are merely examples and can be modified.

[0139] For example, according to some of the example embodiments described above, the UE initially indicates that it is capable of performing RS selection, that is, determining and indicating a preferred reference signal (RS) scheme. For example, this indication may be provided in the UE capability report.

[0140] However, the embodiments are not limited to this. For example, the UE may send a preferred RS scheme to the network (e.g., gNB) without prior indication that it is capable of performing RS selection, and the network (e.g., gNB) may be able to infer from receiving the preferred RS scheme that the UE is capable of performing RS selection. For example, according to Example Embodiment II described with respect to the use of MAC CE, both options of having and not having UE capability indication are possible.

[0141] The names of network elements, protocols, and methods are based on the current standard. In other versions or other technologies, the names of these network elements and / or protocols and / or methods may differ, as long as they provide the corresponding functionality.

[0142] Typically, the exemplary embodiments can be implemented by computer software stored in the memories (storage resources, storage circuits) 12, 22 and executable by the processors (processing resources, processing circuits) 11, 21, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and / or firmware and hardware.

[0143] The terms “connection,” “coupled,” or any variation thereof mean any connection or coupling (direct or indirect) between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” together. The coupling or connection between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. As used herein, by non-limiting example, two elements may be considered “connected” or “coupled” together by using one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and by using electromagnetic energy, such as electromagnetic energy with wavelengths in the radio frequency region, microwave region, and optical (both visible and invisible) region.

[0144] Memory (storage resources, storage circuitry) 12, 22 can be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and can be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based storage devices, magnetic storage devices and systems, optical storage devices and systems, fixed-state memory and removable memory, and non-volatile computer-readable media. Processor (processing resources, processing circuitry) 11, 21 can be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and, by way of non-limiting example, can include one or more of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), and a processor based on a multi-core processor architecture.

[0145] Furthermore, as used in this application, the term "circuit" may refer to one or more, or all of the following: (a) Hardware circuit implementation only (such as implementations in analog, digital, and / or quantum circuits); and (b) Combinations of hardware circuitry and software, such as (if applicable): (i) combinations of analog, digital, and / or quantum hardware circuitry with software / firmware, and (ii) any or all portions of a hardware processor (including digital and / or quantum processors) and memory having software, working together to enable a device (such as a mobile device, computing device, or server) to perform various functions; and (c) Any or all parts of a hardware circuit, such as one or more microprocessors, processors and / or quantum processors, that require software (e.g., firmware) to operate, but may be absent when software is not required to operate.

[0146] This definition of "circuit" applies to all uses of the term in this application (including any claims). As a further example, as used in this application, the term "circuit" also covers only hardware circuitry or a processor (or processors) or a portion thereof and its accompanying software and / or firmware implementation. The term "circuit" also covers, for example and if applicable to a particular claim element, baseband integrated circuits or processor integrated circuits for mobile devices or similar integrated circuits in servers, cellular network devices or other computing or network devices.

[0147] As used herein, the term “non-transitory” refers to a limitation on the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not signaling), rather than a limitation on the persistence of data storage (e.g., RAM versus ROM).

[0148] Note that, as used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “at least one of ” and similar wording (where the list of two or more elements is connected by “and” or “or”) means at least any one element, or at least any two or more elements, or at least all elements.

[0149] It should be understood that the various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are for illustrative purposes only and not for limitation, and should not be construed as restrictive. Various modifications and applications will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the various exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.

[0150] Among other things, the above disclosure covers the following:

[0151] Item 1. An apparatus in a user equipment, comprising:

[0152] At least one processor, and

[0153] At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to at least:

[0154] Determine the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and

[0155] Instructions for the preferred reference signal scheme are sent to network nodes.

[0156] Item 2. The apparatus according to Item 1, wherein the reference signal scheme indicates characteristics of a reference signal transmitted in a transport block, based on which the user equipment is able to detect the reference signal and perform channel estimation.

[0157] Item 3. The apparatus according to item 1 or 2, wherein the preferred reference signal scheme comprises:

[0158] A reference signal scheme, wherein at least one reference signal is transmitted on at least one predetermined resource element within a transport block, or

[0159] The superimposed pilot SIP scheme allocates predetermined pilot transmission power among all resource elements or selected resource elements within a transport block.

[0160] Item 4. The apparatus according to item 3, wherein the preferred reference signal scheme comprises:

[0161] The reference signal is an indication of the number of resource elements within the transport block on which the reference signal is transmitted, and / or

[0162] An indication of the predetermined pilot transmission power assigned to the reference element.

[0163] Item 5. The apparatus according to item 3 or 4, wherein the predetermined pilot transmission power is indicated by the data-reference signal power ratio.

[0164] Item 6. The apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0165] Send a report to the network node indicating the capability of the reference signaling scheme to be supported by the user equipment.

[0166] Item 7. The apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 6, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0167] Receive a request for selection of a reference signal scheme.

[0168] Item 8. The apparatus according to Item 7, wherein the request for selection of a reference signal scheme includes at least one of the following: a time constraint for selection of the reference signal scheme, a frequency constraint for selection of the reference signal scheme, a sub-band, and a wideband.

[0169] Item 9. The apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 8, wherein the indication of the preferred reference signal scheme includes an index indicating the reference signal scheme and / or an associated parameter of the reference signal scheme.

[0170] Item 10. The apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 9, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0171] The preferred reference signal scheme is determined based on the channel quality perceived by the user equipment and / or machine learning or non-machine learning internal key performance indicators (KPIs) and / or vendor preferences.

[0172] Item 11. The apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 10, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0173] The indication of the preferred reference signaling scheme is transmitted in the Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report.

[0174] Item 12. The apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 11, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0175] The determination of the preferred reference signal scheme is updated based on the channel quality perceived by the user equipment and / or machine learning or non-machine learning internal key performance indicators (KPIs) and / or vendor preferences.

[0176] Item 13. The apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 10, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0177] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is sent in the control message of the Media Access Control (MAC) layer.

[0178] Item 14. The apparatus according to item 13, wherein,

[0179] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is sent in a separate control message using the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, or

[0180] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is sent in a control message using the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, the control message containing multiple parameter suggestions for the user equipment.

[0181] Item 15. The apparatus according to Item 12, wherein the plurality of parameter suggestions of the user equipment further include parameter suggestions regarding different machine learning or non-machine learning functions.

[0182] Item 16. The apparatus according to any one of items 13 to 15, wherein the control message using the Media Access Control (MAC) layer is a Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (MAC) CE.

[0183] Item 17. The apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 10, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0184] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is sent in the User Equipment (UE) Capability Information message.

[0185] Item 18. The apparatus according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0186] In the User Equipment (UE) Capability Information message, an indication is sent to the network node that the reference signaling scheme selection is supported by the UE.

[0187] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is sent in the User Equipment (UE) Capability Information message.

[0188] Item 19. The apparatus according to Item 17 or 18, wherein the indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is provided in the priority bits of the User Equipment (UE) Capability Information message.

[0189] Item 20. An apparatus in a network node, comprising:

[0190] At least one processor, and

[0191] At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to at least:

[0192] Receive an indication of the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation from the user equipment, and

[0193] Determine whether to apply the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation indicated by the user equipment.

[0194] Item 21. The apparatus according to Item 20, wherein the reference signal scheme indicates characteristics of a reference signal transmitted in a transport block, based on which the user equipment is able to detect the reference signal and perform channel estimation.

[0195] Item 22. The apparatus according to item 20 or 21, wherein the preferred reference signal scheme comprises:

[0196] A reference signal scheme, wherein at least one reference signal is transmitted on at least one predetermined resource element within a transport block, or

[0197] The superimposed pilot SIP scheme allocates predetermined pilot transmission power among all resource elements or selected resource elements within a transport block.

[0198] Item 23. The apparatus according to item 22, wherein the preferred reference signal scheme comprises:

[0199] The reference signal is an indication of the number of resource elements within the transport block on which the reference signal is transmitted, and / or

[0200] An indication of the predetermined pilot transmission power assigned to the reference element.

[0201] Item 24. The apparatus according to Item 22 or 23, wherein the predetermined pilot transmission power is indicated by the data-reference signal power ratio.

[0202] Item 25. The apparatus according to any one of items 20 to 24, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0203] The user equipment receives a report indicating the capability of a reference signal scheme to be supported by the user equipment.

[0204] Item 26. The apparatus according to any one of items 20 to 25, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0205] Send a request for reference signal scheme selection to the user equipment.

[0206] Item 27. The apparatus according to Item 26, wherein the request for selection of a reference signal scheme includes at least one of the following: a time constraint for selection of the reference signal scheme, a frequency constraint for selection of the reference signal scheme, a sub-band, and a wideband.

[0207] Item 28. The apparatus according to any one of items 20 to 27, wherein the indication of the preferred reference signal scheme includes an index indicating the reference signal scheme and / or an associated parameter of the reference signal scheme.

[0208] Item 29. The apparatus according to any one of items 20 to 28, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0209] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is received in the Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report.

[0210] Item 30. The apparatus according to any one of items 20 to 28, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0211] The instruction of the preferred reference signal scheme is received in the control message of the Media Access Control (MAC) layer.

[0212] Item 31. The apparatus according to item 30, wherein,

[0213] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is sent in a separate control message using the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, or

[0214] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is sent in a control message using the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, the control message containing multiple parameter suggestions for the user equipment.

[0215] Item 32. The apparatus according to Item 31, wherein the plurality of parameter suggestions of the user equipment further include parameter suggestions regarding different machine learning or non-machine learning functions.

[0216] Item 33. The apparatus according to any one of items 20 to 28, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0217] The instruction of the preferred reference signal scheme is received in the user equipment (UE) capability information message from the user equipment.

[0218] Item 34. The apparatus according to any one of items 20 to 24, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0219] Receive an indication from the user equipment (UE) capability information message from the user equipment that the reference signaling scheme selection is supported by the user equipment, and

[0220] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is received in the User Equipment (UE) Capability Information message.

[0221] Item 35. The apparatus according to item 33 or 34, wherein the indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is provided in the priority bits of the user equipment (UE) capability information message.

[0222] Item 36. A method for a user equipment, comprising:

[0223] Determine the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and

[0224] Instructions for the preferred reference signal scheme are sent to network nodes.

[0225] Item 37. The method according to Item 36, wherein the reference signal scheme indicates the characteristics of a reference signal transmitted in a transport block, based on which the user equipment is able to detect the reference signal and perform channel estimation.

[0226] Item 38. The apparatus according to item 36 or 37, wherein the preferred reference signal scheme comprises:

[0227] A reference signal scheme, wherein at least one reference signal is transmitted on at least one predetermined resource element within a transport block, or

[0228] The superimposed pilot SIP scheme allocates predetermined pilot transmission power among all resource elements or selected resource elements within a transport block.

[0229] Item 39. The method according to item 38, wherein the preferred reference signal scheme comprises:

[0230] The reference signal is an indication of the number of resource elements within the transport block on which the reference signal is transmitted, and / or

[0231] An indication of the predetermined pilot transmission power assigned to the reference element.

[0232] Item 40. The method according to item 38 or 39, wherein the predetermined pilot transmission power is indicated by the data-reference signal power ratio.

[0233] Item 41. The method according to any one of items 36 to 40, further comprising:

[0234] Send a report to the network node indicating the capability of the reference signaling scheme to be supported by the user equipment.

[0235] Item 42. The method according to any one of items 36 to 41, further comprising:

[0236] Receive a request for selection of a reference signal scheme.

[0237] Item 43. The method according to Item 42, wherein the request for selection of the reference signal scheme includes at least one of the following: a time limit for selection of the reference signal scheme, a frequency limit for selection of the reference signal scheme, a subband, and a wideband.

[0238] Item 44. The method according to any one of items 36 to 43, wherein the indication of the preferred reference signal scheme includes an index indicating the reference signal scheme and / or an associated parameter of the reference signal scheme.

[0239] Item 45. The method according to any one of items 36 to 44, further comprising:

[0240] The preferred reference signal scheme is determined based on the channel quality perceived by the user equipment and / or machine learning or non-machine learning internal key performance indicators (KPIs) and / or vendor preferences.

[0241] Item 46. The method according to any one of items 36 to 45, further comprising:

[0242] The indication of the preferred reference signaling scheme is transmitted in the Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report.

[0243] Item 47. The method according to any one of items 36 to 46, further comprising:

[0244] The determination of the preferred reference signal scheme is updated based on the channel quality perceived by the user equipment and / or machine learning or non-machine learning internal key performance indicators (KPIs) and / or vendor preferences.

[0245] Item 48. The method according to any one of items 36 to 45, further comprising:

[0246] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is sent in the control message of the Media Access Control (MAC) layer.

[0247] Item 49. The method according to Item 48, wherein,

[0248] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is sent in a separate control message using the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, or

[0249] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is sent in a control message using the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, the control message containing multiple parameter suggestions for the user equipment.

[0250] Item 50. The method according to Item 49, wherein the plurality of parameter suggestions of the user equipment further include parameter suggestions regarding different machine learning or non-machine learning functions.

[0251] Item 51. The method according to any one of items 48 to 50, wherein the control message using the Media Access Control (MAC) layer is a Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (MAC) CE.

[0252] Item 52. The method according to any one of items 36 to 45, further comprising:

[0253] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is sent in the User Equipment (UE) Capability Information message.

[0254] Item 53. The method according to any one of items 36 to 39, further comprising:

[0255] In the User Equipment (UE) Capability Information message, an indication is sent to the network node that the reference signaling scheme selection is supported by the UE.

[0256] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is sent in the User Equipment (UE) Capability Information message.

[0257] Item 54. The method according to item 52 or 53, wherein the indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is provided in the priority bits of the user equipment (UE) capability information message.

[0258] Item 55. A method for a network node, comprising:

[0259] Receive an indication of the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation from the user equipment, and

[0260] Determine whether to apply the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation indicated by the user equipment.

[0261] Item 56. The method according to Item 55, wherein the reference signal scheme indicates the characteristics of a reference signal transmitted in a transport block, based on the characteristics, enabling the user equipment to detect the reference signal and perform channel estimation.

[0262] Item 57. The method according to item 55 or 56, wherein the preferred reference signal scheme comprises:

[0263] A reference signal scheme, wherein at least one reference signal is transmitted on at least one predetermined resource element within a transport block, or

[0264] The superimposed pilot SIP scheme allocates predetermined pilot transmission power among all resource elements or selected resource elements within a transport block.

[0265] Item 58. The method according to item 57, wherein the preferred reference signal scheme comprises:

[0266] The reference signal is an indication of the number of resource elements within the transport block on which the reference signal is transmitted, and / or

[0267] An indication of the predetermined pilot transmission power assigned to the reference element.

[0268] Item 59. The method according to Item 57 or 58, wherein the predetermined pilot transmission power is indicated by the data-reference signal power ratio.

[0269] Item 60. The method according to any one of items 55 to 59, further comprising:

[0270] The user equipment receives a report indicating the capability of a reference signal scheme to be supported by the user equipment.

[0271] Item 61. The method according to any one of items 55 to 60, further comprising:

[0272] Send a request for reference signal scheme selection to the user equipment.

[0273] Item 62. The method according to Item 61, wherein the request for selection of the reference signal scheme includes at least one of the following: a time limit for selection of the reference signal scheme, a frequency limit for selection of the reference signal scheme, a subband, and a wideband.

[0274] Item 63. The method according to any one of items 55 to 62, wherein the indication of the preferred reference signal scheme includes an index indicating the reference signal scheme and / or an associated parameter of the reference signal scheme.

[0275] Item 64. The method according to any one of items 55 to 63, further comprising:

[0276] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is received in the Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report.

[0277] Item 65. The method according to any one of items 55 to 63 further comprises:

[0278] The instruction of the preferred reference signal scheme is received in the control message of the Media Access Control (MAC) layer.

[0279] Item 66. The method according to Item 65, wherein,

[0280] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is sent in a separate control message using the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, or

[0281] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is sent in a control message using the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, the control message containing multiple parameter suggestions for the user equipment.

[0282] Item 67. The method according to Item 66, wherein the plurality of parameter suggestions of the user equipment further includes parameter suggestions regarding different machine learning or non-machine learning functions.

[0283] Item 68. The method according to any one of items 55 to 63, further comprising:

[0284] The instruction of the preferred reference signal scheme is received in the user equipment (UE) capability information message from the user equipment.

[0285] Item 69. The method according to any one of items 55 to 59, further comprising:

[0286] Receive an indication from the user equipment (UE) capability information message that the reference signaling scheme selection is supported by the user equipment, and

[0287] The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is received in the User Equipment (UE) Capability Information message.

[0288] Item 70. The method according to item 68 or 69, wherein the indication of the preferred reference signal scheme is provided in the priority bits of the user equipment (UE) capability information message.

[0289] Item 71. An apparatus in a user equipment, comprising:

[0290] At least one processor, and

[0291] At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to at least:

[0292] Determine the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and

[0293] The preferred reference signaling scheme is sent to the network nodes in the Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report.

[0294] Item 72. The apparatus according to Item 71, wherein the reference signal scheme indicates characteristics of a reference signal transmitted in a transport block, based on which the user equipment is able to detect the reference signal and perform channel estimation.

[0295] Item 73. The apparatus according to item 71 or 72, wherein the preferred reference signal scheme comprises:

[0296] A reference signal scheme, wherein at least one reference signal is transmitted on at least one predetermined resource element within a transport block, or

[0297] The superimposed pilot SIP scheme allocates predetermined pilot transmission power among all resource elements or selected resource elements within a transport block.

[0298] Item 74. The apparatus according to item 73, wherein the preferred reference signal scheme comprises:

[0299] The reference signal is an indication of the number of resource elements within the transport block on which the reference signal is transmitted, and / or

[0300] An indication of the predetermined pilot transmission power assigned to the reference element.

[0301] Item 75. The apparatus according to item 73 or 74, wherein the predetermined pilot transmission power is indicated by the data-reference signal power ratio.

[0302] Item 76. The apparatus according to any one of items 71 to 75, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0303] Send a report to the network node indicating the capability of the reference signaling scheme to be supported by the user equipment.

[0304] Item 77. The apparatus according to any one of items 71 to 76, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0305] Receive a request for selection of a reference signal scheme.

[0306] Item 78. The apparatus according to Item 77, wherein the request for selection of a reference signal scheme includes at least one of the following: a time constraint for selection of the reference signal scheme, a frequency constraint for selection of the reference signal scheme, a sub-band, and a wideband.

[0307] Item 79. The apparatus according to any one of items 71 to 78, wherein the indication of the preferred reference signal scheme includes an index indicating the reference signal scheme and / or an associated parameter of the reference signal scheme.

[0308] Item 80. The apparatus according to any one of items 71 to 79, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0309] The preferred reference signal scheme is determined based on the channel quality perceived by the user equipment and / or machine learning or non-machine learning internal key performance indicators (KPIs) and / or vendor preferences.

[0310] Item 81. The apparatus according to any one of items 71 to 80, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0311] The determination of the preferred reference signal scheme is updated based on the channel quality perceived by the user equipment and / or machine learning or non-machine learning internal key performance indicators (KPIs) and / or vendor preferences.

[0312] Item 82. An apparatus in a network node, comprising:

[0313] At least one processor, and

[0314] At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to at least:

[0315] The Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report receives an indication from the user equipment of the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and

[0316] Determine whether to apply the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation indicated by the user equipment.

[0317] Item 83. The apparatus according to Item 82, wherein the reference signal scheme indicates characteristics of a reference signal transmitted in a transport block, based on which the user equipment is able to detect the reference signal and perform channel estimation.

[0318] Item 84. The apparatus according to item 82 or 83, wherein the preferred reference signal scheme comprises:

[0319] A reference signal scheme, wherein at least one reference signal is transmitted on at least one predetermined resource element within a transport block, or

[0320] The superimposed pilot SIP scheme allocates predetermined pilot transmission power among all resource elements or selected resource elements within a transport block.

[0321] Item 85. The apparatus according to item 84, wherein the preferred reference signal scheme comprises:

[0322] The reference signal is an indication of the number of resource elements within the transport block on which the reference signal is transmitted, and / or

[0323] An indication of the predetermined pilot transmission power assigned to the reference element.

[0324] Item 86. The apparatus according to any one of items 82 to 85, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0325] The user equipment receives a report indicating the capability of a reference signal scheme to be supported by the user equipment.

[0326] Item 87. The apparatus according to any one of items 82 to 86, wherein the instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to at least:

[0327] Send a request for reference signal scheme selection to the user equipment.

[0328] Item 88. The apparatus according to Item 87, wherein the request for selection of a reference signal scheme includes at least one of the following: a time constraint for selection of the reference signal scheme, a frequency constraint for selection of the reference signal scheme, a subband, and a wideband.

[0329] Item 89. A method for a user equipment, comprising:

[0330] Determine the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and

[0331] The preferred reference signaling scheme is sent to the network nodes in the Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report.

[0332] Item 90. The method according to Item 89, wherein the reference signaling scheme indicates the characteristics of a reference signal transmitted in a transport block, based on which the user equipment is able to detect the reference signal and perform channel estimation.

[0333] Item 91. The method according to item 89 or 90, wherein the preferred reference signal scheme comprises:

[0334] A reference signal scheme, wherein at least one reference signal is transmitted on at least one predetermined resource element within a transport block, or

[0335] The superimposed pilot SIP scheme allocates predetermined pilot transmission power among all resource elements or selected resource elements within a transport block.

[0336] Item 92. The method according to item 91, wherein the preferred reference signal scheme comprises:

[0337] The reference signal is an indication of the number of resource elements within the transport block on which the reference signal is transmitted, and / or

[0338] An indication of the predetermined pilot transmission power assigned to the reference element.

[0339] Item 93. The method according to Item 91 or 92, wherein the predetermined pilot transmission power is indicated by the data-reference signal power ratio.

[0340] Item 94. The method according to any one of items 89 to 93, further comprising:

[0341] Send a report to the network node indicating the capability of the reference signaling scheme to be supported by the user equipment.

[0342] Item 95. The method according to any one of items 89 to 94, further comprising:

[0343] Receive a request for selection of a reference signal scheme.

[0344] Item 96. The method according to Item 95, wherein the request for selection of the reference signal scheme includes at least one of the following: a time limit for selection of the reference signal scheme, a frequency limit for selection of the reference signal scheme, a subband, and a wideband.

[0345] Item 97. The method according to any one of items 89 to 96, wherein the indication of the preferred reference signal scheme includes an index indicating the reference signal scheme and / or an associated parameter of the reference signal scheme.

[0346] Item 98. The method according to any one of items 89 to 97, further comprising:

[0347] The preferred reference signal scheme is determined based on the channel quality perceived by the user equipment and / or machine learning or non-machine learning internal key performance indicators (KPIs) and / or vendor preferences.

[0348] Item 99. The method according to any one of items 89 to 98 further comprises:

[0349] The determination of the preferred reference signal scheme is updated based on the channel quality perceived by the user equipment and / or machine learning or non-machine learning internal key performance indicators (KPIs) and / or vendor preferences.

[0350] Item 100. A method for a network node, comprising:

[0351] The Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report receives an indication from the user equipment of the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and

[0352] Determine whether to apply the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation indicated by the user equipment.

[0353] Item 101. The method according to item 100, wherein the reference signal scheme indicates the characteristics of a reference signal transmitted in a transport block, based on the characteristics, enabling the user equipment to detect the reference signal and perform channel estimation.

[0354] Item 102. The method according to item 100 or 101, wherein the preferred reference signal scheme comprises:

[0355] A reference signal scheme, wherein at least one reference signal is transmitted on at least one predetermined resource element within a transport block, or

[0356] The superimposed pilot SIP scheme allocates predetermined pilot transmission power among all resource elements or selected resource elements within a transport block.

[0357] Item 103. The method according to item 102, wherein the preferred reference signal scheme comprises:

[0358] The reference signal is an indication of the number of resource elements within the transport block on which the reference signal is transmitted, and / or

[0359] An indication of the predetermined pilot transmission power assigned to the reference element.

[0360] Item 104. The method according to any one of items 100 to 103, further comprising:

[0361] The user equipment receives a report indicating the capability of a reference signal scheme to be supported by the user equipment.

[0362] Item 105. The method according to any one of items 100 to 104, further comprising:

[0363] Send a request for reference signal scheme selection to the user equipment.

[0364] Item 106. The method according to Item 105, wherein the request for selection of the reference signal scheme includes at least one of the following: a time limit for selection of the reference signal scheme, a frequency limit for selection of the reference signal scheme, a subband, and a wideband.

[0365] Item 107. A computer program product comprising code components that, when run on a processing component or module, are used to perform the method according to any one of items 36 to 70 or 89 to 106.

[0366] Item 108. The computer program product according to Item 107, wherein the computer program product is embodied on a computer-readable medium, and / or the computer program product can be directly loaded into the internal memory of the computer and / or can be sent via a network by means of at least one of an upload process, a download process, and a push process.

[0367] Item 109. An apparatus comprising:

[0368] Components for determining the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and

[0369] A component for sending an indication of the preferred reference signal scheme to network nodes.

[0370] Item 110. An apparatus comprising:

[0371] Components for receiving an indication of a preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation from a user equipment, and

[0372] A component for determining whether to apply the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation indicated by the user equipment.

[0373] Item 111. An apparatus comprising:

[0374] Components for determining the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and

[0375] A component used to send an indication of the preferred reference signaling scheme to network nodes in a Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report.

[0376] Item 112. An apparatus comprising:

[0377] Components for receiving an indication of a preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation from a user equipment in a Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report, and

[0378] A component for determining whether to apply the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation indicated by the user equipment.

Claims

1. An apparatus in a user equipment, comprising: At least one processor, and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to at least: Determine the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and The preferred reference signaling scheme is sent to the network nodes in the Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The reference signal scheme indicates the characteristics of the reference signal transmitted in the transport block, and based on these characteristics, enables the user equipment to detect the reference signal and perform channel estimation.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The preferred reference signal scheme includes: A reference signal scheme, wherein at least one reference signal is transmitted on at least one predetermined resource element within a transport block, or The superimposed pilot SIP scheme allocates predetermined pilot transmission power among all resource elements or selected resource elements within a transport block.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein, The preferred reference signal scheme includes: The reference signal is an indication of the number of resource elements within the transport block on which the reference signal is transmitted, and / or An indication of the predetermined pilot transmission power assigned to the reference element.

5. The apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, wherein, The predetermined pilot transmission power is indicated by the data-reference signal power ratio.

6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the device to at least: Send a report to the network node indicating the capability of the reference signaling scheme to be supported by the user equipment.

7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the device to at least: Receive a request for selection of a reference signal scheme.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, The request for reference signal scheme selection includes at least one of the following: time constraints for reference signal scheme selection, frequency constraints for reference signal scheme selection, subband, and broadband.

9. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The indication of the preferred reference signal scheme includes an index indicating the reference signal scheme and / or an associated parameter of the reference signal scheme.

10. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, The instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the device to at least: Based on the channel quality perceived by the user equipment and / or machine learning or non-machine learning internal key performance indicators (KPIs) and / or vendor preferences, the preferred reference signal scheme is determined or the determination of the preferred reference signal scheme is updated.

11. An apparatus in a network node, comprising: At least one processor, and At least one memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to at least: The Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report receives an indication from the user equipment of the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and Determine whether to apply the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation indicated by the user equipment.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, The reference signal scheme indicates the characteristics of the reference signal transmitted in the transport block, and based on these characteristics, enables the user equipment to detect the reference signal and perform channel estimation.

13. The apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, wherein, The preferred reference signal scheme includes: A reference signal scheme, wherein at least one reference signal is transmitted on at least one predetermined resource element within a transport block, or The superimposed pilot SIP scheme allocates predetermined pilot transmission power among all resource elements or selected resource elements within a transport block.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein, The preferred reference signal scheme includes: The reference signal is an indication of the number of resource elements within the transport block on which the reference signal is transmitted, and / or An indication of the predetermined pilot transmission power assigned to the reference element.

15. The apparatus according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein, The instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the device to at least: The user equipment receives a report indicating the capability of a reference signal scheme to be supported by the user equipment.

16. The apparatus according to any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein, The instructions stored in the at least one memory, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the device to at least: Send a request for reference signal scheme selection to the user equipment.

17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein, The request for reference signal scheme selection includes at least one of the following: time constraints for reference signal scheme selection, frequency constraints for reference signal scheme selection, subband, and broadband.

18. A method for a user equipment, comprising: Determine the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and The preferred reference signaling scheme is sent to the network nodes in the Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report.

19. A method for a network node, comprising: The Channel Quality Indication (CQI) report receives an indication from the user equipment of the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation, and Determine whether to apply the preferred reference signal scheme for channel estimation indicated by the user equipment.

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