A vehicle networking high-concurrency gateway data transmission optimization method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of vehicle networking high concurrency gateway data transmission optimization method, belong to vehicle networking gateway technical field.The method first collects vehicle terminal interaction data and is divided into high, medium, low three priority levels according to real-time and importance;Again, the transmission channel is distributed by the dynamic load balancing algorithm of minimum load priority;Different priority data is compressed using a hierarchical differentiated compression strategy;Error control is realized by combining CRC check and ARQ retransmission mechanism;While monitoring transmission parameters in real time, dynamically adjust transmission strategy when threshold is exceeded.The application can effectively control the delay of high-priority control instructions, effectively reduce the overall packet loss rate and data transmission volume, thereby effectively improving transmission efficiency and stability in high concurrency scenarios, suitable for various vehicle networking high concurrency scenarios such as parking lot, highway section, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vehicle network gateway technology, specifically, it relates to a method for optimizing data transmission in high-concurrency vehicle network gateways. Background Technology

[0002] The vehicle-to-everything (V2X) gateway is a core device connecting in-vehicle terminals with cloud servers and external networks. It undertakes the functions of data forwarding, interaction, and processing, and is the central node of the V2X system. With the popularization of V2X technology, the number of in-vehicle terminals has increased significantly, the level of vehicle intelligence has continued to improve, and the amount of V2X data interaction has grown exponentially. High-concurrency scenarios such as multiple vehicles accessing the network simultaneously in parking lots and data transmission in vehicle clusters on highways are becoming increasingly common, placing higher demands on the data transmission performance of the gateway.

[0003] Existing data transmission methods for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) gateways have several shortcomings: First, in high-concurrency scenarios, the simultaneous transmission of large amounts of data can easily lead to unbalanced loads on the transmission channels, resulting in high data transmission latency and high packet loss rates, failing to guarantee the real-time performance of control commands and data integrity. Second, the lack of targeted compression during data transmission results in a large amount of redundant data consuming bandwidth resources, wasting bandwidth and further exacerbating transmission congestion under high concurrency. Third, the lack of an effective error control mechanism means that data loss or errors cannot be retransmitted in a timely manner, leading to insufficient transmission reliability. Fourth, the inability to adjust transmission parameters in real time according to network conditions means that transmission performance cannot adapt to network fluctuations, easily exacerbating transmission anomalies.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a data transmission optimization solution for vehicle networking gateways that can optimize data transmission performance in high-concurrency scenarios and effectively reduce transmission latency, packet loss rate, and bandwidth usage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems and technical deficiencies, this invention employs the following technical solution: a method for optimizing data transmission in a high-concurrency gateway for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Data Acquisition and Classification: Collect interactive data from various vehicle terminals via the vehicle bus, and classify the data into three priorities—high, medium, and low—based on the real-time requirements and importance of the data, and mark each type of data with a priority label.

[0007] S2. Dynamic traffic scheduling: Real-time monitoring of network bandwidth status and load of each transmission channel, calculation of load rate of each channel, and use of dynamic load balancing algorithm based on minimum load priority to allocate data of different priorities to the corresponding transmission channels.

[0008] S3. Layered data compression: For data of different types and priorities, a layered compression strategy is adopted to perform data compression processing separately;

[0009] S4. Error control and retransmission: CRC cyclic redundancy check is performed on the data during transmission. If the check determines that the data is lost or erroneous, the ARQ automatic retransmission mechanism is used to retransmit the data. If the retransmission fails after a preset number of times, the data abnormality information is recorded and feedback is provided.

[0010] S5. Transmission Status Monitoring and Adjustment: Real-time monitoring of data transmission rate, packet loss rate, bandwidth utilization, and transmission parameters. Preset transmission parameter thresholds. When any transmission parameter exceeds the preset threshold, the transmission parameters are dynamically adjusted.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, the vehicle terminal includes a TBOX, an ECU, and a central control screen, and the interactive data includes control commands, status data, and multimedia data; control commands have high priority, status data has medium priority, and multimedia data has low priority.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, the transmission channels include 4G, 5G, and WiFi channels, and the load rate is the ratio of the current amount of transmitted data to the maximum transmission capacity of the channel; high-priority data is preferentially allocated to the channel with the lowest load rate and the fastest transmission rate, and high-priority data can preempt the transmission resources of low-priority data; medium- and low-priority data are allocated to the channels with lower remaining loads in sequence.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the layered compression strategy specifically employs the LZ77 lightweight compression algorithm for high-priority control instructions, the DEFLATE standard compression algorithm for medium-priority status data, and the H.265 high-efficiency compression algorithm for low-priority multimedia data.

[0014] Furthermore, the compression ratio of high-priority control instructions is 1.5:(1-2):1, the compression ratio of medium-priority status data is 3:(1-4):1, and the compression ratio of low-priority multimedia data is 8:(1-10):1.

[0015] Preferably, in step S4, the specific process of CRC cyclic redundancy check is as follows: the sending end calculates the CRC check code of the data and transmits the check code along with the data to the receiving end; the receiving end calculates the CRC check code of the received data and compares it with the check code of the sending end. If the comparison matches, the transmission is determined to be normal; if the comparison does not match, the data is determined to be lost or erroneous.

[0016] Preferably, in step S4, the maximum number of retransmissions by the ARQ automatic retransmission mechanism is 5; if it still fails after 5 retransmissions, the recorded data anomaly information includes the data identifier, transmission time, and reason for failure, and an anomaly signal is fed back to the sending end and the receiving end.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S5, the preset transmission parameter thresholds are specifically: transmission delay ≥ 500ms, packet loss rate ≥ 3%, and bandwidth utilization rate ≥ 80%.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S5, the rules for dynamically adjusting transmission parameters are as follows: if the bandwidth utilization rate is too high, optimize the hierarchical compression strategy to increase the compression ratio of low-priority data; if the packet loss rate is too high, adjust the traffic scheduling strategy to increase the transmission channels for high-priority data; if the transmission delay is too high, prioritize the transmission of high-priority data, suspend the transmission of low-priority data, and resume transmission after the delay is recovered.

[0019] Furthermore, the method is applied to high-concurrency scenarios in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) such as multiple vehicles accessing the parking lot simultaneously and vehicle cluster data transmission on highways.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] (1) This invention achieves reasonable allocation of transmission channels through dynamic load balancing algorithm, avoids overload of a single channel, and prioritizes the transmission of high-priority data. This can control the transmission delay of high-priority control commands within 100ms, effectively reduce the overall packet loss rate, and thus effectively ensure the real-time performance and data integrity of control commands in high-concurrency scenarios.

[0022] (2) The present invention adopts a layered compression strategy to compress data of different types and priorities in a targeted manner, which can effectively reduce the overall data transmission volume, effectively reduce bandwidth resource waste, and adapt to the large data transmission needs in high-concurrency scenarios.

[0023] (3) This invention combines CRC cyclic redundancy check with ARQ automatic retransmission mechanism to ensure the integrity of data transmission and reduce data loss and errors; at the same time, it monitors the transmission status in real time and dynamically adjusts the transmission parameters according to the network status, which can adapt to network fluctuations and comprehensively improve transmission stability. Attached Figure Description

[0024] In the attached diagram:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0027] Example 1:

[0028] This embodiment is applied to a high-concurrency parking scenario where 50 vehicles simultaneously connect to the vehicle network gateway. Each vehicle's TBOX, ECU, and central control screen transmit data concurrently, including 20 high-priority control command data entries, 50 medium-priority status data entries, and 10 low-priority multimedia data entries. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The specific data transmission optimization process is as follows:

[0029] S1. Data Acquisition and Classification: The gateway's data acquisition module collects interactive data from all vehicle terminals via the vehicle bus and classifies and marks the data according to its real-time nature and importance: control commands such as vehicle unlocking and vehicle search commands are marked as high priority, totaling 20 items; status data such as vehicle location and battery level are marked as medium priority, totaling 50 items; and multimedia data such as in-vehicle video are marked as low priority, totaling 10 items.

[0030] It should be noted that the vehicle bus includes common vehicle communication buses such as CAN bus, LIN bus, and vehicle Ethernet, which are compatible with the hardware interfaces and communication protocols of different terminals such as TBOX, ECU, and central control screen. In this embodiment, the gateway collects control commands and status data from the ECU and TBOX through the CAN bus, and collects multimedia data from the central control screen through the vehicle Ethernet, thus being compatible with the communication speed and protocol requirements of different terminals.

[0031] S2. Dynamic Traffic Scheduling: Real-time monitoring of network bandwidth status and load of each transmission channel, calculation of the load rate of each channel, and the use of a dynamic load balancing algorithm based on minimum load priority to allocate data of different priorities to corresponding transmission channels. The specific rules for allocating medium and low priority data according to the proportion of remaining load of the channel are as follows: First, calculate the remaining load capacity of each channel, i.e., the difference between the maximum transmission capacity of the channel and the current transmission data volume; then, use the ratio of the remaining load capacity of a single channel to the total remaining load capacity of all channels as the allocation weight. The channel with the larger remaining load capacity is allocated a higher proportion of data, thus achieving multi-channel load balancing. The specific rules for high-priority data to preempt low-priority transmission resources are as follows: When the queuing transmission delay of high-priority data exceeds the preset delay threshold, or the amount of high-priority data to be transmitted exceeds the current remaining load of the main channel, the preemption mechanism is triggered; the system immediately suspends the low-priority data being transmitted in the corresponding channel, releases bandwidth resources to prioritize the transmission of high-priority data; after all high-priority data has been transmitted, the interrupted transmission of low-priority data is resumed to ensure the real-time performance of core instructions.

[0032] In this specific implementation, the maximum transmission capacity of the 4G channel is 100 units, the current load rate is 60%, and the remaining load capacity is 40 units; the maximum transmission capacity of the WiFi channel is 100 units, the current load rate is 40%, and the remaining load capacity is 60 units; the total remaining load capacity of the two channels is 100 units.

[0033] Based on the remaining load percentage, 50 priority status data entries are allocated: 40% for the 4G channel, corresponding to 20 data entries; and 60% for the WiFi channel, corresponding to 30 data entries. After allocation, the load rates of the two channels will be similar to avoid overload of a single channel.

[0034] If 30 new high-priority vehicle control commands are suddenly added in this scenario, and the remaining load of the WiFi channel cannot carry all the high-priority data, resource preemption will be automatically triggered: the low-priority multimedia data being transmitted in the WiFi channel will be suspended, and all remaining bandwidth will be released to prioritize the transmission of high-priority control commands; after the control command transmission is completed, the unfinished multimedia data will continue to be transmitted from the interruption point, without affecting the stable transmission of medium-priority status data throughout the process.

[0035] S3. Layered Data Compression: The data compression module uses corresponding compression algorithms for data of different priorities: high-priority control commands use the LZ77 lightweight compression algorithm with a compression ratio of 1.8:1, balancing compression efficiency and transmission speed; medium-priority status data uses the DEFLATE standard compression algorithm with a compression ratio of 3.5:1, balancing compression effect and data accuracy; low-priority multimedia data uses the H.265 high-efficiency compression algorithm with a compression ratio of 9:1, maximizing bandwidth reduction. After compression, the overall data transmission volume is reduced by 75%, effectively reducing bandwidth pressure.

[0036] S4. Error Control and Retransmission: The error control module performs CRC cyclic redundancy check on all transmitted data: the sending end calculates the CRC checksum for each piece of data and sends the checksum along with the data to the receiving end; the receiving end recalculates the CRC checksum after receiving the data and compares it with the checksum from the sending end. In this embodiment, the checksum detects errors in the transmission of two status data, triggering the ARQ automatic retransmission mechanism. After two retransmissions, the data transmission is successful; another piece of multimedia data still fails after five retransmissions. The system automatically records the abnormal information such as the data identifier, transmission time, and reason for failure of this data, and feeds back the abnormal signal to the sending and receiving ends to facilitate subsequent troubleshooting.

[0037] It should be noted that the CRC cyclic redundancy check adopts the CRC-16 or CRC-32 standard commonly used in the field of vehicle networking. The check polynomial can be selected according to the data type and reliability requirements to ensure the integrity and accuracy of data transmission. This embodiment uses the CRC-16 standard to perform the check, with a check code length of 16 bits, which balances the check efficiency and data transmission overhead, and meets the check performance requirements of vehicle networking gateways in high-concurrency scenarios.

[0038] S5. Transmission Status Monitoring and Adjustment: The status monitoring module monitors the current transmission parameters in real time. The measured transmission delay is 300ms, the packet loss rate is 0.5%, and the bandwidth utilization rate is 70%. All three parameters do not exceed the preset thresholds (transmission delay ≥ 500ms, packet loss rate ≥ 3%, bandwidth utilization rate ≥ 80%). Therefore, the current transmission parameters are kept unchanged, and the data transmission remains stable.

[0039] If the bandwidth utilization rate is subsequently detected to exceed 80%, the system will automatically increase the compression ratio of low-priority data to reduce the transmission volume; if the packet loss rate exceeds 3%, the traffic scheduling strategy will be adjusted to increase the transmission channel for high-priority data; if the transmission delay exceeds 500ms, low-priority data transmission will be suspended, and the transmission of high-priority control commands will be prioritized. Low-priority data transmission will be resumed after the delay recovers to within the threshold.

[0040] The above embodiments only illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications, improvements, and substitutions without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing data transmission in a high-concurrency gateway of a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) network, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Data Acquisition and Classification: Collect interactive data from various vehicle terminals via the vehicle bus, and classify the data into three priorities—high, medium, and low—based on the real-time requirements and importance of the data, and mark each type of data with a priority label. S2. Dynamic traffic scheduling: Real-time monitoring of network bandwidth status and load of each transmission channel, calculation of load rate of each channel, and use of dynamic load balancing algorithm based on minimum load priority to allocate data of different priorities to the corresponding transmission channels. S3. Layered data compression: For data of different types and priorities, a layered compression strategy is adopted to perform data compression processing separately; S4. Error control and retransmission: CRC cyclic redundancy check is performed on the data during transmission. If the check determines that the data is lost or erroneous, the ARQ automatic retransmission mechanism is used to retransmit the data. If the retransmission fails after a preset number of times, the data abnormality information is recorded and feedback is provided. S5. Transmission Status Monitoring and Adjustment: Real-time monitoring of data transmission rate, packet loss rate, bandwidth utilization, and transmission parameters. Preset transmission parameter thresholds. When any transmission parameter exceeds the preset threshold, the transmission parameters are dynamically adjusted.

2. The method for optimizing data transmission in a high-concurrency gateway of a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) network according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the vehicle terminal includes a TBOX, an ECU, and a central control screen, and the interactive data includes control commands, status data, and multimedia data; control commands have high priority, status data has medium priority, and multimedia data has low priority.

3. A method for optimizing data transmission in a high-concurrency gateway for vehicle networking according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the transmission channels include 4G, 5G and WiFi channels, and the load rate is the ratio of the current amount of transmitted data to the maximum transmission capacity of the channel. High-priority data is preferentially allocated to the channel with the lowest load rate and the fastest transmission rate, and high-priority data can preempt the transmission resources of low-priority data. Medium and low-priority data are allocated to the channels with lower remaining load in sequence.

4. A method for optimizing high-concurrency gateway data transmission in a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) network according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the layered compression strategy is as follows: high-priority control instructions use the LZ77 lightweight compression algorithm, medium-priority status data uses the DEFLATE standard compression algorithm, and low-priority multimedia data uses the H.265 high-efficiency compression algorithm.

5. A method for optimizing data transmission in a high-concurrency gateway for vehicle networking according to claim 4, characterized in that, The compression ratio of high-priority control instructions is 1.5:(1-2):1, the compression ratio of medium-priority status data is 3:(1-4):1, and the compression ratio of low-priority multimedia data is 8:(1-10):

1.

6. A method for optimizing data transmission in a high-concurrency gateway for vehicle networking according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the specific process of CRC cyclic redundancy check is as follows: the sending end calculates the CRC check code of the data and transmits the check code along with the data to the receiving end; the receiving end calculates the CRC check code of the received data and compares it with the check code of the sending end. If the comparison matches, the transmission is determined to be normal; if the comparison does not match, the data is determined to be lost or erroneous.

7. A method for optimizing data transmission in a high-concurrency gateway for vehicle networking according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the maximum number of retransmissions for the ARQ automatic retransmission mechanism is 5. If the transmission still fails after 5 retransmissions, the recorded data anomaly information includes the data identifier, transmission time, and reason for failure, and an anomaly signal is fed back to the sending end and the receiving end.

8. A method for optimizing data transmission in a high-concurrency gateway for vehicle networking according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the preset transmission parameter thresholds are: transmission delay ≥ 500ms, packet loss rate ≥ 3%, and bandwidth utilization rate ≥ 80%.

9. A method for optimizing data transmission in a high-concurrency gateway for vehicle networking according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the rules for dynamically adjusting transmission parameters are as follows: if the bandwidth utilization rate is too high, optimize the hierarchical compression strategy to increase the compression ratio of low-priority data; if the packet loss rate is too high, adjust the traffic scheduling strategy to increase the transmission channels for high-priority data; if the transmission delay is too high, prioritize the transmission of high-priority data, suspend the transmission of low-priority data, and resume transmission after the delay is recovered.

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