Marine buoy monitoring method and integrated system based on protocol adaptation and encryption upgrade

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of ocean buoy monitoring, in particular to an ocean buoy monitoring method and integrated system based on protocol self-adaption and encryption upgrade, the method comprising: obtaining a device specification document of an ocean buoy, and parsing to obtain a communication protocol template; obtaining ocean monitoring data by using a sensor; transmitting the ocean monitoring data to an edge computing unit by using a key frame redundancy transmission method; calculating an ocean buoy physical environment disturbance index, a water-tight joint looseness index and an ocean buoy data transmission environment harshness index according to wave element data; obtaining an encryption transmission strategy by using a hierarchical adaptive encryption transmission algorithm according to the ocean buoy data transmission environment harshness index; and transmitting the encrypted ocean monitoring data to a main station by using a communication unit according to the communication protocol template. The present application realizes flexible transmission of ocean monitoring data by using a protocol self-adaption method and an encryption transmission strategy based on the ocean buoy data transmission environment harshness index.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine buoy monitoring technology, specifically to a marine buoy monitoring method and integrated system based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade. Background Technology

[0002] Ocean buoys are important platforms for marine environmental monitoring, widely used in hydrological and meteorological observations, water quality monitoring, and wave measurement. A typical ocean buoy monitoring system consists of the buoy itself, sensors, an edge computing unit, and a communication unit. Sensors collect marine monitoring data such as temperature, salinity, wave elevation, and buoy position; the edge computing unit is responsible for aggregating and preprocessing the sensor data; and the communication unit transmits the marine monitoring data to the shore-based master station via wireless communication methods such as 4G and BeiDou short message service, where the master station stores, analyzes, and displays the data.

[0003] In the field of marine buoy monitoring, existing technologies suffer from the following problems. First, different manufacturers and models of marine buoys use different communication protocols for sensor data reporting, including variations in communication parameters such as baud rate, data bits, checksum method, and stop bits, as well as data point definitions such as register address and data type. When a shore-based master station connects to a new buoy, it requires manual reading of the equipment manual and configuring the communication protocol parameters item by item, resulting in low connection efficiency and a high risk of errors. Second, marine buoy sensors are typically integrated inside the buoy body or mounted close to its surface. With this installation method, the contact area between the sensor and seawater is limited by the opening size of the buoy body and its installation position. The flow field around the sensor is affected by the flow obstruction effect of the buoy body, leading to a deviation between wave elevation measurement data and the actual sea surface undulations. Some buoys externally mount sensors to improve the contact conditions between the sensor and seawater. When the sensor is externally mounted, it connects to the edge computing unit inside the buoy body via a watertight connector, with the physical serial port between the sensor and the edge computing unit encapsulated within the watertight connector. However, under the long-term effects of wave undulation, watertight connectors gradually age and loosen with use, and the contact resistance of the physical serial port increases and fluctuates, easily leading to problems such as dropped frames and data errors in data transmission from the sensor to the edge computing unit. Third, when the edge computing unit transmits marine monitoring data to the main station through the communication unit, encryption algorithms are required to ensure data security. Existing encryption transmission methods typically assume the integrity of the data to be encrypted and select the encryption algorithm based on this assumption. However, in the actual working environment of marine buoys, due to factors such as loose watertight connectors, the marine monitoring data to be transmitted may itself be incomplete, with intermittent transmission and missing frames. How to adaptively adjust the encryption transmission strategy according to the actual severity of the data transmission environment is a problem that has not yet been studied in existing technologies.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to study marine buoy monitoring methods and integrated systems based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrades. These systems should be able to automatically adapt to the communication protocols of different buoys, detect the looseness of watertight connectors of external sensors, and adaptively select encryption transmission strategies according to the severity of the data transmission environment, so as to meet the actual monitoring needs of marine buoys in complex sea conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (1) Technical problems to be solved The purpose of this invention is to provide a marine buoy monitoring method and integrated system based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade, thereby enabling flexible transmission of marine monitoring data according to the physical environment of the marine buoy.

[0006] (2) Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a marine buoy monitoring method based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Obtain the equipment instruction document of the ocean buoy, parse the equipment instruction document to obtain a communication protocol template containing communication parameters and data point definitions; the ocean buoy includes a buoy body, an edge computing unit, a sensor, and a communication unit. The edge computing unit and the communication unit are located inside the buoy body, and the sensor is externally mounted on the outside of the buoy body and connected to the edge computing unit through a physical serial port encapsulated in a watertight connector.

[0007] S2, using sensors to acquire ocean monitoring data; employing a keyframe redundancy transmission method to transmit ocean monitoring data to the edge computing unit via a physical serial port; the ocean monitoring data includes wave element data, ocean buoy position data, and ocean state data.

[0008] S3, calculate the physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy based on the wave element data; when the physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy exceeds the preset disturbance threshold, detect the looseness index of the watertight joint; calculate the severity index of the ocean buoy data transmission environment based on the looseness index of the watertight joint and the physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy.

[0009] S4. Based on the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission, a hierarchical adaptive encryption transmission algorithm is adopted to obtain an encryption transmission strategy. The ocean monitoring data is encrypted according to the encryption transmission strategy, and the encrypted ocean monitoring data is transmitted to the main station through the communication unit according to the communication protocol template.

[0010] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the equipment instruction manual of the ocean buoy, and parsing the equipment instruction manual to obtain a communication protocol template containing communication parameters and data point definitions, includes: The equipment instruction manual for the marine buoy is obtained. This manual is a document-formatted file. Text extraction is performed on the manual using an optical character recognition algorithm to obtain the plain text of the manual. A pre-trained large language model deployed on a cloud server is then used to extract information from the plain text of the manual, resulting in a protocol template containing communication parameters and data point definitions. The communication parameters include baud rate, data bits, parity check, and stop bits. The data point definitions include register address and data type.

[0011] Furthermore, the method of transmitting marine monitoring data to the edge computing unit via a physical serial port using the keyframe redundancy transmission method includes: The marine monitoring data is packaged into data frames according to chronological order and data type; a transmission key frame is formed at a pre-set key frame interval; the first transmission key frame is designated as the starting transmission key frame; the data contained in the starting transmission key frame is the starting compressed data; the starting compressed data is obtained by compressing all marine monitoring data from the first data frame to the data frame preceding the starting transmission key frame; the data contained in the transmission key frames after the starting transmission key frame is obtained by compressing all marine monitoring data from the previous transmission key frame to the data frame preceding the current transmission key frame; the data frames and transmission key frames are transmitted sequentially to the edge computing unit via a physical serial port.

[0012] Furthermore, the method for calculating the physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy based on the wave element data includes: The wave element data includes: a wave elevation time series, which represents the time series of vertical offset of the highest point of the waves with a pre-set calm sea level as the zero line; based on the wave elevation time series, the average significant wave height and average zero-crossing period are extracted within a pre-set time window within a pre-set measurement location area; the pre-obtained characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint and a pre-set reference wave height are obtained; and a first resonance factor is calculated based on the average zero-crossing period and the characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint, the formula for calculating the first resonance factor being: ; in, Indicates the first resonance factor; The value is 1 to Integer variables; The value is 1 to Integer variables; , These are the first and second pre-set upper limits, respectively; The first attenuation factor, which is a pre-set value greater than 0, is expressed in Hertz. This represents the average zero-crossing period, in seconds. The characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint is expressed in seconds. It represents the base of the natural logarithm.

[0013] The second resonance factor is calculated based on the average zero-crossing cycle and the keyframe interval time. The formula for calculating the second resonance factor is as follows: ; in, Indicates the second resonance factor; The value is 1 to Integer variables; The value is 1 to Integer variables; , These are the pre-set third and fourth upper limits; This is a pre-set second attenuation factor with a value greater than 0, in seconds; This indicates the keyframe interval time, in seconds.

[0014] The physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy is calculated based on the first resonance factor, the second resonance factor, the mean significant wave height, and the reference wave height. The formula for calculating the physical environment disturbance index of the marine buoy is as follows: ; in, Indicates the average significant wave height, in millimeters; Indicates the reference wave height, in millimeters.

[0015] Furthermore, the method for extracting the average significant wave height and average zero-crossing period within a pre-set time window based on the wave elevation time series within a pre-set measurement location area includes: Within a pre-defined measurement location area, a wave elevation time series is acquired within the pre-defined time window. The moment when the wave elevation value in the wave elevation time series changes from negative to positive after crossing the baseline is taken as the starting point of a single wave, and recorded as the wave zero-crossing point. The time interval between two adjacent wave zero-crossing points is recorded as the zero-crossing period of a single wave. The difference between the maximum and minimum wave elevation values ​​within a single wave is recorded as the wave height of the single wave. All the single waves identified within the time window are traversed to obtain a zero-crossing period sequence and a wave height sequence. The wave heights of all waves in the wave height sequence are sorted from largest to smallest, and the arithmetic mean of the top third of the wave heights is taken as the average effective wave height. The arithmetic mean of the zero-crossing periods of all waves in the zero-crossing period sequence is taken as the average zero-crossing period.

[0016] Furthermore, the method for detecting the degree of looseness of the watertight joint when the physical environment disturbance index of the marine buoy exceeds a preset disturbance threshold includes: When the physical environment disturbance index of the marine buoy exceeds a preset disturbance threshold, the contact resistance time series between the edge computing unit and the sensor is measured using a current injection method through a detection probe pre-installed inside the watertight joint, within a preset measurement time interval and according to a preset resistance sampling interval. The standard deviation of the contact resistance time series is calculated to obtain the contact resistance standard deviation; the average value of the contact resistance time series is calculated to obtain the contact resistance average value; the pre-obtained contact resistance between the edge computing unit and the sensor in a fully tightened state is recorded as the reference contact resistance; and the looseness index of the watertight joint is calculated based on the reference contact resistance, the contact resistance standard deviation, and the contact resistance average value. The formula for calculating the degree of looseness of the watertight joint is as follows: ; in, This indicates the reference contact resistance, in ohms. This represents the average contact resistance, expressed in ohms. This represents the standard deviation of contact resistance, expressed in ohms.

[0017] Furthermore, the method for calculating the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission based on the watertight joint looseness index and the ocean buoy physical environment disturbance index includes: The formula for calculating the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission is as follows: ; in, This indicates an index representing the severity of the marine buoy data transmission environment. This represents a pre-set first weight, the value of which ranges from 0 to 1.

[0018] Furthermore, the method for obtaining an encrypted transmission strategy using a hierarchical adaptive encrypted transmission algorithm based on the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission includes: The environmental severity index of the ocean buoy data transmission is compared with a pre-set first severity threshold and a second severity threshold, wherein the first severity threshold is less than the second severity threshold.

[0019] When the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission is less than or equal to the first severity threshold, the data transmission environment is determined to be good, and the encryption transmission strategy adopted is an authentication encryption algorithm; the authentication encryption algorithm includes data encryption and integrity authentication.

[0020] When the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission is greater than or equal to the second severity threshold, the data transmission environment is determined to be severe. The encryption transmission strategy adopted is a streaming encryption algorithm, and forward error correction coding is added to the ocean monitoring data before encryption. The streaming encryption algorithm encrypts each data byte independently, and the loss of a single encrypted byte does not affect the decryption of the remaining encrypted bytes.

[0021] When the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission is greater than the first severity threshold and less than the second severity threshold, the data transmission environment is determined to be moderate, and the encryption transmission strategy adopted is a balanced encryption algorithm. The balanced encryption algorithm is as follows: an authentication encryption algorithm is used for the key frames of transmission in the ocean monitoring data; and a streaming encryption algorithm is used for other data frames in the ocean monitoring data other than the key frames of transmission.

[0022] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides an integrated marine buoy monitoring system based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade. The integrated system includes, in sequence, a device instruction document acquisition module, a monitoring module, a marine buoy data transmission environment severity index calculation module, and a transmission module.

[0023] The device instruction document acquisition module is used to acquire the device instruction document of the marine buoy, parse the device instruction document, and obtain a communication protocol template containing communication parameters and data point definitions. The marine buoy includes a buoy body, an edge computing unit, a sensor, and a communication unit. The edge computing unit and the communication unit are located inside the buoy body, and the sensor is externally mounted on the outside of the buoy body and connected to the edge computing unit through a physical serial port encapsulated in a watertight connector.

[0024] The monitoring module is used to acquire marine monitoring data using sensors; it transmits the marine monitoring data to the edge computing unit via a physical serial port using a keyframe redundancy transmission method; the marine monitoring data includes wave element data, marine buoy position data, and marine state data.

[0025] The marine buoy data transmission environment severity index calculation module is used to calculate the marine buoy physical environment disturbance index based on the wave element data; when the marine buoy physical environment disturbance index exceeds the preset disturbance threshold, the watertight joint looseness index is detected; the marine buoy data transmission environment severity index is calculated based on the watertight joint looseness index and the marine buoy physical environment disturbance index.

[0026] The transmission module is used to obtain an encryption transmission strategy based on the severity index of the marine buoy data transmission environment using a hierarchical adaptive encryption transmission algorithm; encrypt the marine monitoring data according to the encryption transmission strategy; and transmit the encrypted marine monitoring data to the main station through the communication unit according to the communication protocol template.

[0027] (3) Beneficial effects Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. By obtaining the equipment instruction manual, optical character recognition and large language model are used to extract information and obtain a communication protocol template containing communication parameters and data point definitions, thereby replacing manual configuration item by item and realizing automatic adaptation of different buoy communication protocols.

[0028] 2. By packaging marine monitoring data into data frames in chronological order, and forming a transmission key frame at intervals between key frames, the transmission key frame contains compressed data of all data frames between two adjacent key frames. This allows for the recovery of lost data through key frames when frames are dropped in the physical serial port, thereby improving data integrity.

[0029] 3. The mean significant wave height and mean zero-crossing period are extracted from the wave elevation time series. The first resonance factor and the second resonance factor are calculated by combining the characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint and the key frame interval time to obtain the physical environment disturbance index of the marine buoy. Thus, the degree of matching between the wave period and the watertight joint loosening sensitive period and the key frame acquisition period is included in the disturbance assessment.

[0030] 4. By measuring the standard deviation and average value of the contact resistance, the looseness index of the watertight joint is obtained. This index is then weighted and synthesized with the physical environment disturbance index of the marine buoy to form the marine buoy data transmission environment severity index. Based on this index, the data transmission environment severity is classified. When the severity is low, authentication encryption is used, and when the severity is high, streaming encryption with forward error correction coding is used to improve the adaptability of encrypted transmission under different data quality conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the marine buoy monitoring method based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the module composition of the marine buoy monitoring integration system based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Before providing examples, it is necessary to describe the application scenario of this invention, which is applied to the acquisition and transmission of monitoring data from marine buoys. The marine buoy includes an external sensor connected via a watertight connector.

[0034] Example 1: As Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a marine buoy monitoring method based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade. The method includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the equipment instruction document of the ocean buoy, parse the equipment instruction document to obtain a communication protocol template containing communication parameters and data point definitions; the ocean buoy includes a buoy body, an edge computing unit, a sensor, and a communication unit. The edge computing unit and the communication unit are located inside the buoy body, and the sensor is externally mounted on the outside of the buoy body and connected to the edge computing unit through a physical serial port encapsulated in a watertight connector.

[0035] S2, using sensors to acquire ocean monitoring data; employing a keyframe redundancy transmission method to transmit ocean monitoring data to the edge computing unit via a physical serial port; the ocean monitoring data includes wave element data, ocean buoy position data, and ocean state data.

[0036] S3, calculate the physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy based on the wave element data; when the physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy exceeds the preset disturbance threshold, detect the looseness index of the watertight joint; calculate the severity index of the ocean buoy data transmission environment based on the looseness index of the watertight joint and the physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy.

[0037] S4. Based on the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission, a hierarchical adaptive encryption transmission algorithm is adopted to obtain an encryption transmission strategy. The ocean monitoring data is encrypted according to the encryption transmission strategy, and the encrypted ocean monitoring data is transmitted to the main station through the communication unit according to the communication protocol template.

[0038] For example, the equipment instruction manual (EAM) of an ocean buoy is obtained. The EAM is a PDF file containing communication parameters and data point definitions for sensor data reporting; however, the format, layout, and content of EAMs from different manufacturers vary. An optical character recognition (OCR) algorithm is used to extract text from the EAM, resulting in plain text. This plain text is then fed into a pre-trained large language model deployed on a cloud server. The large language model extracts communication parameters and data point definitions according to a preset data structure, generating a communication protocol template. The communication protocol template includes communication parameters and data point definitions. Communication parameters include baud rate, data bits, parity check, and stop bits. Data point definitions include register address and data type. The ocean buoy consists of a buoy body, an edge computing unit, a communication unit, and sensors. The edge computing unit and communication unit are installed inside the buoy body, while the sensors are externally mounted on the buoy body and connected to the edge computing unit via watertight connectors. The watertight connector is made of 316L stainless steel and internally encapsulates pins and sockets for a physical serial port using the RS-485 interface standard. The sensor is externally mounted to the buoy body. Compared to installation methods integrating the sensor into the buoy body, this method allows the sensor to directly contact the seawater, eliminating the contact area limitations imposed by the buoy body's opening size. Furthermore, the flow field around the sensor is unaffected by the buoy body's flow obstruction effect, resulting in wave elevation measurements that more closely approximate the actual sea surface undulations. The sensor is used to collect wave element data, ocean buoy position data, and ocean state data. Wave element data includes wave surface elevation time series, ocean buoy position data includes ocean buoy latitude and longitude, and ocean state data includes temperature, salinity, and current velocity. The sensor is a digital sensor. There are five sensors in total, each used to collect different types of data. The same method is used to collect and transmit data from each sensor.

[0039] Marine monitoring data is collected using sensors at a preset sampling frequency. A keyframe redundancy transmission method is employed to transmit the data to the edge computing unit via a physical serial port. The sampling frequency is set to 2 Hz, meaning data is collected every 0.5 seconds. The specific transmission steps are as follows: After the sensors collect the marine monitoring data, it is packaged into data frames according to chronological order and data type. Each data frame contains a timestamp, data type, and the corresponding numerical value of the marine monitoring data. Each frame includes data from one acquisition. Every 20-second preset keyframe interval, feature data is extracted from all data frames accumulated since the most recent keyframe and compressed to form a transmission keyframe. The data frames and transmission keyframes are then transmitted sequentially to the edge computing unit via the physical serial port. During physical serial port transmission, due to the potential fluctuations in contact resistance of the watertight connector under long-term wave action, some data frames may experience regular frame drops or data errors. In such cases, the compressed data stored in the transmission keyframes can be used to reconstruct the data change trends within the lost time period.

[0040] The physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy is calculated based on the wave surface elevation time series in the wave element data. When the physical environment disturbance index exceeds a preset disturbance threshold, the looseness index of the watertight joint is detected. Then, the severity index of the ocean buoy data transmission environment is calculated based on the looseness index of the watertight joint and the physical environment disturbance index. The physical environment disturbance index comprehensively reflects the impact of three factors on physical serial port data transmission: the degree of matching between wave height, wave period and the characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint, and the degree of matching between wave frequency and keyframe acquisition frequency. The looseness index of the watertight joint is obtained by measuring the contact resistance of the internal detection probe of the watertight joint, reflecting the offset and fluctuation amplitude of the contact resistance relative to the reference contact resistance. The weighted sum of the physical environment disturbance index and the looseness index of the watertight joint yields the severity index of the ocean buoy data transmission environment.

[0041] Based on the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission, a hierarchical adaptive encryption transmission algorithm is adopted to obtain an encryption transmission strategy. A first severity threshold and a second severity threshold are preset, with the first threshold set to 0.4 and the second to 0.8. The environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission is compared with the two thresholds, and the corresponding encryption transmission strategy is selected based on the comparison result. When the severity index is less than or equal to 0.4, an authentication encryption algorithm is used; when the severity index is greater than or equal to 0.8, a streaming encryption algorithm with forward error correction coding is used; and when the severity index is between the two, a balanced encryption algorithm is used. According to the communication parameters and data point definitions defined in the communication protocol template, the encrypted ocean monitoring data is encapsulated into a reporting message and transmitted to the shore-based master station through the communication unit. The transmission channel of the communication unit includes two independent links: a 4G mobile network and a BeiDou short message service. The primary link is the 4G mobile network, and the backup link is the BeiDou short message service. If the primary link fails to transmit twice consecutively, it automatically switches to the backup link and automatically switches back after the primary link recovers.

[0042] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the equipment instruction manual of the ocean buoy, and parsing the equipment instruction manual to obtain a communication protocol template containing communication parameters and data point definitions, includes: The equipment instruction manual for the marine buoy is obtained. This manual is a document-formatted file. Text extraction is performed on the manual using an optical character recognition algorithm to obtain the plain text of the manual. A pre-trained large language model deployed on a cloud server is then used to extract information from the plain text of the manual, resulting in a protocol template containing communication parameters and data point definitions. The communication parameters include baud rate, data bits, parity check, and stop bits. The data point definitions include register address and data type.

[0043] For example, there are 25 ocean buoys to be connected, manufactured by three different companies. Staff retrieve the corresponding equipment manuals from a pre-saved ocean buoy equipment register. An optical character recognition (OCR) algorithm scans and extracts text from the manuals, identifying page areas containing communication parameters and data point definitions, and converting the identified text into plain text. This plain text is then input into a pre-trained large language model deployed on a cloud server. This model, fine-tuned with ocean instrument communication protocol documents, is capable of extracting structured fields from unstructured text. Prompts containing protocol template filling instructions and preset data structure definitions are input into the large language model. The model automatically extracts communication parameters and data point definitions from the plain text, fills them into the preset data structure, and generates a communication protocol template. Communication parameters include baud rate, data bits, parity check, and stop bits. The baud rate determines the data transmission rate between the communication unit and the master station; in this embodiment, the extracted baud rate is 9600 bits per second. The data bits define the number of valid data bits in each data byte; in this embodiment, the extracted data bits are 8. The parity check method is used to perform parity checking or set no parity for each data byte; in this embodiment, the extracted parity check method is odd parity. The stop bits indicate the number of bits at the end of each data byte transmission; in this embodiment, the extracted stop bits are 2. The master station receiver uses the stop bits to determine the boundary of a data byte. The data point definition includes register address and data type. The data type identifies the type of each monitoring data item reported by the sensor, such as wavefront elevation time series, ocean buoy latitude and longitude, and ocean state data including temperature, salinity, and current velocity. The register address specifies the starting storage location of each data type within the ocean buoy. By automatically extracting communication parameters and data point definitions to generate a communication protocol template, when the communication unit reports data to the master station, it configures the communication link parameters according to the baud rate, data bits, parity check method, and stop bits defined in the template, and encapsulates and parses the ocean monitoring data according to the register address and data type defined in the template, thereby replacing the process of manually reading the instruction manual and manually configuring each item.

[0044] Furthermore, the method of transmitting marine monitoring data to the edge computing unit via a physical serial port using the keyframe redundancy transmission method includes: The marine monitoring data is packaged into data frames according to chronological order and data type; a transmission key frame is formed at a pre-set key frame interval; the first transmission key frame is designated as the starting transmission key frame; the data contained in the starting transmission key frame is the starting compressed data; the starting compressed data is obtained by compressing all marine monitoring data from the first data frame to the data frame preceding the starting transmission key frame; the data contained in the transmission key frames after the starting transmission key frame is obtained by compressing all marine monitoring data from the previous transmission key frame to the data frame preceding the current transmission key frame; the data frames and transmission key frames are transmitted sequentially to the edge computing unit via a physical serial port.

[0045] For example, at a pre-set keyframe interval of 20 seconds, data is extracted from all data frames accumulated since the most recent keyframe and compressed to form a new keyframe. The number of data frames accumulated within 20 seconds is 40. Compression employs the SWOMP compressed sensing method. The 40 data frames form an original signal sequence. After a sparse transformation of the original signal sequence, a pre-set measurement matrix is ​​used to perform dimensionality reduction projection on the sparsely transformed signal to obtain compressed ocean monitoring data. This compressed ocean monitoring data is then encapsulated into the keyframe. Specifically, the first keyframe is designated as the starting keyframe. The initial compressed data in the starting keyframe is obtained by compressing all data frames from the first data frame to the data frame preceding the starting keyframe. The data frames and keyframes are sequentially transmitted to the edge computing unit via a physical serial port.

[0046] Furthermore, the method for calculating the physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy based on the wave element data includes: The wave element data includes: a wave elevation time series, which represents the time series of vertical offset of the highest point of the waves with a pre-set calm sea level as the zero line; based on the wave elevation time series, the average significant wave height and average zero-crossing period are extracted within a pre-set time window within a pre-set measurement location area; the pre-obtained characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint and a pre-set reference wave height are obtained; and a first resonance factor is calculated based on the average zero-crossing period and the characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint, the formula for calculating the first resonance factor being: ; in, Indicates the first resonance factor; The value is 1 to Integer variables; The value is 1 to Integer variables; , These are the first and second pre-set upper limits, respectively; The first attenuation factor, which is a pre-set value greater than 0, is expressed in Hertz. This represents the average zero-crossing period, in seconds. The characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint is expressed in seconds. It represents the base of the natural logarithm.

[0047] The second resonance factor is calculated based on the average zero-crossing cycle and the keyframe interval time. The formula for calculating the second resonance factor is as follows: ; in, Indicates the second resonance factor; The value is 1 to Integer variables; The value is 1 to Integer variables; , These are the pre-set third and fourth upper limits; This is a pre-set second attenuation factor with a value greater than 0, in seconds; This indicates the keyframe interval time, in seconds.

[0048] The physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy is calculated based on the first resonance factor, the second resonance factor, the mean significant wave height, and the reference wave height. The formula for calculating the physical environment disturbance index of the marine buoy is as follows: ; in, Indicates the average significant wave height, in millimeters; Indicates the reference wave height, in millimeters.

[0049] For example, the physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy is calculated based on the wave elevation time series in the wave element data. The wave elevation time series uses a pre-set calm sea level as the zero line and records the change of the vertical offset of the sea surface over time. A circular area of ​​the sea surface with a radius of 3 meters centered on the ocean buoy is selected as the measurement location area, and the wave elevation time series within a pre-set time window in this area is obtained. The time window is set to 20 minutes to include a sufficient number of wave cycles to reflect the statistical characteristics of the sea state. The mean significant wave height and mean zero-crossing period are extracted from the wave elevation time series, and the ocean buoy physical environment disturbance index is calculated by combining the characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint, the keyframe interval time, and the reference wave height. The ocean buoy physical environment disturbance index is obtained by multiplying three factors: wave height ratio factor, first resonance factor, and second resonance factor. The wave height ratio factor is the mean significant wave height divided by the reference wave height, which is set manually to provide a reference benchmark for the calculation. In this embodiment, the reference wave height is set to 2000 mm, and the average significant wave height is extracted from the wave elevation time series within a 20-minute time window. The larger the average significant wave height, the larger the wave height ratio factor, indicating that the absolute height of the wave is greater and the direct impact energy on the watertight joint and physical serial port is stronger.

[0050] The first resonance factor is used to measure the degree of matching between the wave period and the characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint in an integer multiple relationship. As a rigid component, the watertight joint exhibits the most significant vibration energy accumulation effect and the fastest loosening speed under periodic wave vibration excitation when the wave period is equal to or an integer multiple of the characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint. The characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint is pre-determined through a vibration table sweep frequency failure test. The test method involves installing the watertight joint on a vibration table and sweeping the vibration from low frequency to high frequency with a constant acceleration, continuously monitoring the axial displacement of the locking nut of the watertight joint, and recording the vibration period corresponding to the first irreversible displacement of the locking nut. This period is the characteristic oscillation period in which the structural strength of the watertight joint is weakest under vibration. In this embodiment, the characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint is measured to be 3.5 seconds. The first attenuation factor is set through pre-test fitting. The test method involves setting multiple sets of vibration excitations with different period deviations on the vibration table, centered on the characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint of 3.5 seconds. Each set of vibration excitations lasts for the same duration, and the axial displacement of the locking nut of the watertight joint is measured after each set of vibration excitations ends. The change in displacement with period deviation is recorded. Constructing the first fitting formula Where L represents the ratio of the axial displacement of the locking nut to the reference displacement. This represents the absolute value of the difference between the period of the vibration excitation and the characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint. The variables to be fitted are obtained using the least squares fitting algorithm. The optimal value of the first attenuation factor is... In this embodiment, the first attenuation factor is set to 2 Hz. Both the first and second upper limits are set to 5. The setting of the first and second upper limits needs to balance computational comprehensiveness and computational complexity. The exponential term is calculated by searching for 1 to 5 times the characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint and 1 to 5 times the average zero-crossing period. The absolute value of the exponential function corresponding to the minimum value among all combinations of i and j is the maximum value. For example, when the average zero-crossing period is 3.5 seconds, which is equal to the characteristic oscillation period, the exponential term in the first resonance factor is zero, and the first resonance factor reaches its maximum value of 1, indicating that the wave period perfectly matches the sensitive period of the watertight joint loosening, and the joint vibration caused by the wave is the most intense. When the average zero-crossing period is 7 seconds, 7 seconds is equal to twice the characteristic oscillation period of 3.5 seconds. There exist integers i = 1 and j = 2 such that the exponential term is zero, and the first resonance factor also reaches its maximum value of 1, indicating that the second harmonic resonance will also cause intense joint vibration. When the average zero-crossing period deviates from the characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint and its integer multiples, the absolute value of the exponential term increases, and the first resonance factor decreases. The greater the deviation, the more obvious the attenuation.

[0051] The second resonance factor is used to measure the degree of integer ratio matching between the wave frequency and the keyframe acquisition frequency. The keyframe acquisition frequency is the reciprocal of the keyframe interval time. With the keyframe interval time set to 20 seconds, the keyframe acquisition frequency is 1 / 20 Hz. The second attenuation factor is set to 50 seconds. The setting of the second attenuation factor is obtained through pre-test fitting. The test method involves connecting an external sensor to the edge computing unit via a watertight connector in a wave tank simulating an ocean environment. The wave generation device generates waves according to a preset wave frequency sequence, and the edge computing unit acquires data according to the preset keyframe acquisition frequency. By changing the frequency difference between the wave frequency and the keyframe acquisition frequency, the frame error rate of physical serial port transmission under different frequency differences is recorded. The second fitting formula is then constructed. ,in Indicates the frame error rate. Indicates frequency difference, The variables to be fitted are obtained using the least squares fitting algorithm. The optimal value of the second attenuation factor is... The third and fourth upper limits are both set to 5, meaning they are searched separately. 1 to 5 times and keyframe acquisition frequency The second resonant factor reaches a maximum value of 1 when the wave frequency is exactly equal to or an integer multiple of the keyframe acquisition frequency, indicating a high degree of match between the wave frequency and the communication acquisition cycle. When the second resonant factor is 1, the keyframe acquisition time will repeatedly fall on the same phase of the wave. If this phase happens to correspond to the connector detachment phase, the keyframe acquisition will repeatedly fail, resulting in the highest risk of data loss. Even if the phase does not correspond to the connector detachment phase, there is still a systemic risk of data loss because a large number of keyframe acquisition times are locked at fixed phase points of the wave cycle.

[0052] In this embodiment, the average significant wave height extracted within a 20-minute time window is 1458 mm, the average zero-crossing period is 6.8 seconds, the reference wave height is 2000 mm, the characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint is 3.5 seconds, and the keyframe interval is 20 seconds. The calculated physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy is 0.42.

[0053] Furthermore, the method for extracting the average significant wave height and average zero-crossing period within a pre-set time window based on the wave elevation time series within a pre-set measurement location area includes: Within a pre-defined measurement location area, a wave elevation time series is acquired within the pre-defined time window. The moment when the wave elevation value in the wave elevation time series changes from negative to positive after crossing the baseline is taken as the starting point of a single wave, and recorded as the wave zero-crossing point. The time interval between two adjacent wave zero-crossing points is recorded as the zero-crossing period of a single wave. The difference between the maximum and minimum wave elevation values ​​within a single wave is recorded as the wave height of the single wave. All the single waves identified within the time window are traversed to obtain a zero-crossing period sequence and a wave height sequence. The wave heights of all waves in the wave height sequence are sorted from largest to smallest, and the arithmetic mean of the top third of the wave heights is taken as the average effective wave height. The arithmetic mean of the zero-crossing periods of all waves in the zero-crossing period sequence is taken as the average zero-crossing period.

[0054] For example, the wave heights of all waves in the wave height sequence are sorted from largest to smallest, and the arithmetic mean of the first third of the wave heights is taken as the mean effective wave height. The reason for selecting the first third of the wave heights for calculation is that wave energy is mainly concentrated in the waves with larger wave heights. The first third of large waves can reflect the effective energy level of the waves, while filtering out noise interference caused by small fluctuations, so that the mean effective wave height more stably reflects the actual disturbance of the waves to the physical serial port transmission.

[0055] Furthermore, the method for detecting the degree of looseness of the watertight joint when the physical environment disturbance index of the marine buoy exceeds a preset disturbance threshold includes: When the physical environment disturbance index of the marine buoy exceeds a preset disturbance threshold, the contact resistance time series between the edge computing unit and the sensor is measured using a current injection method through a detection probe pre-installed inside the watertight joint, within a preset measurement time interval and according to a preset resistance sampling interval. The standard deviation of the contact resistance time series is calculated to obtain the contact resistance standard deviation; the average value of the contact resistance time series is calculated to obtain the contact resistance average value; the pre-obtained contact resistance between the edge computing unit and the sensor in a fully tightened state is recorded as the reference contact resistance; and the looseness index of the watertight joint is calculated based on the reference contact resistance, the contact resistance standard deviation, and the contact resistance average value. The formula for calculating the degree of looseness of the watertight joint is as follows: ; in, This indicates the reference contact resistance, in ohms. This represents the average contact resistance, expressed in ohms. This represents the standard deviation of contact resistance, expressed in ohms.

[0056] For example, when the physical environment disturbance index of the marine buoy exceeds a preset disturbance threshold of 0.4, the contact resistance time series between the edge computing unit and the sensor is measured using a current injection method within a preset measurement time interval and at a preset resistance sampling interval, via a detection probe pre-installed inside the watertight joint. The measurement time interval is set to 10 seconds, the resistance sampling interval is set to 0.5 seconds, and a total of 20 contact resistance data points are collected. The standard deviation of the contact resistance time series is calculated, yielding a standard deviation of 0.003 ohms. The average value of the contact resistance time series is calculated, yielding an average contact resistance of 0.008 ohms. The pre-calibrated reference contact resistance of the watertight joint in a fully tightened state is 0.005 ohms. Calculations... It is 1.2.

[0057] Furthermore, the method for calculating the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission based on the watertight joint looseness index and the ocean buoy physical environment disturbance index includes: The formula for calculating the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission is as follows: ; in, This indicates an index representing the severity of the marine buoy data transmission environment. This represents a pre-set first weight, the value of which ranges from 0 to 1.

[0058] For example, the method for selecting the first weight is to collect historical operational data of the buoy under different sea conditions, record the physical environmental disturbance index, watertight joint loosening index, and corresponding data transmission failure rate of the buoy at each time period, and aim to maximize the correlation coefficient between the buoy data transmission environment severity index and the data transmission failure rate. A linear regression method is used to fit and obtain the optimal value of the first weight as 0.62. Substituting these values ​​into the formula, the buoy data transmission environment severity index is calculated to be 0.7164.

[0059] Furthermore, the method for obtaining an encrypted transmission strategy using a hierarchical adaptive encrypted transmission algorithm based on the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission includes: The environmental severity index of the ocean buoy data transmission is compared with a pre-set first severity threshold and a second severity threshold, wherein the first severity threshold is less than the second severity threshold.

[0060] When the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission is less than or equal to the first severity threshold, the data transmission environment is determined to be good, and the encryption transmission strategy adopted is an authentication encryption algorithm; the authentication encryption algorithm includes data encryption and integrity authentication.

[0061] When the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission is greater than or equal to the second severity threshold, the data transmission environment is determined to be severe. The encryption transmission strategy adopted is a streaming encryption algorithm, and forward error correction coding is added to the ocean monitoring data before encryption. The streaming encryption algorithm encrypts each data byte independently, and the loss of a single encrypted byte does not affect the decryption of the remaining encrypted bytes.

[0062] When the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission is greater than the first severity threshold and less than the second severity threshold, the data transmission environment is determined to be moderate, and the encryption transmission strategy adopted is a balanced encryption algorithm. The balanced encryption algorithm is as follows: an authentication encryption algorithm is used for the key frames of transmission in the ocean monitoring data; and a streaming encryption algorithm is used for other data frames in the ocean monitoring data other than the key frames of transmission.

[0063] For example, the first and second severity thresholds are selected by statistically analyzing historical data transmission records. The selection method involves collecting 12 months of continuous historical data from ocean buoys operating under different sea conditions, recording the severity index of the ocean buoy data transmission environment for each period, and recording the data transmission performance from the ocean buoy to the main station under the simplest authentication and encryption algorithm. Data transmission performance is divided into three levels: complete data transmission with all verifications passed is recorded as a good level; data transmission with occasional frame drops but all key frames successfully transmitted is recorded as a moderate level; and data transmission with frequent frame drops and consecutive failures in key frame transmission is recorded as a severe level. The distribution range of the severity index of the ocean buoy data transmission environment under the three levels is statistically analyzed. The statistical mean of the severity index at the boundary between the good and moderate levels (0.4) is taken as the first severity threshold, and the statistical mean of the severity index at the boundary between the moderate and severe levels (0.8) is taken as the second severity threshold. When the severity index of the ocean buoy data transmission environment is less than or equal to 0.4, the data transmission environment is considered good, the physical serial port contact resistance is stable, and both data frames and key frames arrive completely at the edge computing unit. An authentication and encryption algorithm is then used to encrypt the ocean monitoring data. The authentication encryption algorithm uses AES-256-GCM, generating an authentication tag while encrypting the data. The main station receiver verifies the authentication tag to confirm that the data has not been tampered with during transmission, providing both data encryption and integrity authentication. When the marine buoy data transmission environment severity index is greater than or equal to 0.8, the data transmission environment is considered severe, with drastic fluctuations in physical serial port contact resistance, significant data frame loss, and potential consecutive failures of key transmission frames. Therefore, a streaming encryption algorithm is employed, with forward error correction coding added before encryption. The streaming encryption algorithm uses ChaCha20, encrypting each data byte independently. The loss of a single encrypted byte does not affect the decryption of the remaining encrypted bytes; even if part of the data frame is lost, the received encrypted data can still be decrypted normally. The forward error correction coding uses Reed-Solomon codes, adding redundant check bytes to the original marine monitoring data before encryption. The main station receiver automatically recovers some of the error bits generated during transmission using these redundant check bytes. When the severity index of the marine buoy data transmission environment is greater than 0.4 and less than 0.8, the data transmission environment is considered moderate. This indicates some fluctuation in the physical serial port contact resistance, occasional loss of ordinary data frames, but the transmission of key frames is still generally successful. A balanced encryption algorithm is then employed. The balanced encryption algorithm uses AES-256-GCM authentication encryption for key frames to ensure the security and integrity of the compressed data. For other data frames besides key frames, the ChaCha20 streaming encryption algorithm is used to ensure the decryptability of ordinary data frames in the event of occasional loss. In this embodiment, the severity index of the marine buoy data transmission environment is 0.7164; therefore, a balanced encryption algorithm is used.

[0064] Example 2: Based on the same inventive concept, such as Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment also provides an integrated marine buoy monitoring system based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade. The integrated system includes, in sequence, a device instruction document acquisition module, a monitoring module, a marine buoy data transmission environment severity index calculation module, and a transmission module.

[0065] The device instruction document acquisition module is used to acquire the device instruction document of the marine buoy, parse the device instruction document, and obtain a communication protocol template containing communication parameters and data point definitions. The marine buoy includes a buoy body, an edge computing unit, a sensor, and a communication unit. The edge computing unit and the communication unit are located inside the buoy body, and the sensor is externally mounted on the outside of the buoy body and connected to the edge computing unit through a physical serial port encapsulated in a watertight connector.

[0066] The monitoring module is used to acquire marine monitoring data using sensors; it transmits the marine monitoring data to the edge computing unit via a physical serial port using a keyframe redundancy transmission method; the marine monitoring data includes wave element data, marine buoy position data, and marine state data.

[0067] The marine buoy data transmission environment severity index calculation module is used to calculate the marine buoy physical environment disturbance index based on the wave element data; when the marine buoy physical environment disturbance index exceeds the preset disturbance threshold, the watertight joint looseness index is detected; the marine buoy data transmission environment severity index is calculated based on the watertight joint looseness index and the marine buoy physical environment disturbance index.

[0068] The transmission module is used to obtain an encryption transmission strategy based on the severity index of the marine buoy data transmission environment using a hierarchical adaptive encryption transmission algorithm; encrypt the marine monitoring data according to the encryption transmission strategy; and transmit the encrypted marine monitoring data to the main station through the communication unit according to the communication protocol template.

[0069] It should be noted that the specific methods by which each module performs operations in the system described in the above embodiments have been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A marine buoy monitoring method based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the equipment instruction document of the ocean buoy, parse the equipment instruction document to obtain a communication protocol template containing communication parameters and data point definitions; the ocean buoy includes a buoy body, an edge computing unit, a sensor, and a communication unit. The edge computing unit and the communication unit are located inside the buoy body, and the sensor is externally mounted on the outside of the buoy body and connected to the edge computing unit through a physical serial port encapsulated in a watertight connector. S2, Ocean monitoring data is acquired using sensors; the ocean monitoring data is transmitted to the edge computing unit via a physical serial port using a keyframe redundancy transmission method; the ocean monitoring data includes wave element data, ocean buoy position data, and ocean state data; S3, calculate the physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy based on the wave element data; when the physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy exceeds the preset disturbance threshold, detect the looseness index of the watertight joint; calculate the severity index of the ocean buoy data transmission environment based on the looseness index of the watertight joint and the physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy. S4. Based on the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission, a hierarchical adaptive encryption transmission algorithm is adopted to obtain an encryption transmission strategy. The ocean monitoring data is encrypted according to the encryption transmission strategy, and the encrypted ocean monitoring data is transmitted to the main station through the communication unit according to the communication protocol template.

2. The marine buoy monitoring method based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the equipment instruction manual of the ocean buoy, and parsing the equipment instruction manual to obtain a communication protocol template containing communication parameters and data point definitions, includes: The equipment instruction manual for the marine buoy is obtained. This manual is a document-formatted file. Text extraction is performed on the manual using an optical character recognition algorithm to obtain the plain text of the manual. A pre-trained large language model deployed on a cloud server is then used to extract information from the plain text of the manual, resulting in a protocol template containing communication parameters and data point definitions. The communication parameters include baud rate, data bits, parity check, and stop bits. The data point definitions include register address and data type.

3. The marine buoy monitoring method based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The method of transmitting marine monitoring data to the edge computing unit via a physical serial port using the keyframe redundancy transmission method includes: The marine monitoring data is packaged into data frames according to chronological order and data type; a transmission key frame is formed at a pre-set key frame interval; the first transmission key frame is designated as the starting transmission key frame; the data contained in the starting transmission key frame is the starting compressed data; the starting compressed data is obtained by compressing all marine monitoring data from the first data frame to the data frame preceding the starting transmission key frame; the data contained in the transmission key frames after the starting transmission key frame is obtained by compressing all marine monitoring data from the previous transmission key frame to the data frame preceding the current transmission key frame; the data frames and transmission key frames are transmitted sequentially to the edge computing unit via a physical serial port.

4. The marine buoy monitoring method based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The method for calculating the physical environment disturbance index of ocean buoys based on the wave element data includes: The wave element data includes: a wave elevation time series, which represents the time series of vertical offset of the highest point of the waves with a pre-set calm sea level as the zero line; based on the wave elevation time series, the average significant wave height and average zero-crossing period are extracted within a pre-set time window within a pre-set measurement location area; the pre-obtained characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint and a pre-set reference wave height are obtained; and a first resonance factor is calculated based on the average zero-crossing period and the characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint, the formula for calculating the first resonance factor being: ； in, Indicates the first resonance factor; The value is 1 to Integer variables; The value is 1 to Integer variables; , These are the first and second pre-set upper limits, respectively; The first attenuation factor, which is a pre-set value greater than 0, is expressed in Hertz. This represents the average zero-crossing period, in seconds. This represents the characteristic oscillation period of the watertight joint, in seconds. The base of the natural logarithm; The second resonance factor is calculated based on the average zero-crossing cycle and the keyframe interval time. The formula for calculating the second resonance factor is as follows: ； in, Indicates the second resonance factor; The value is 1 to Integer variables; The value is 1 to Integer variables; , These are the pre-set third and fourth upper limits; This is a pre-set second attenuation factor with a value greater than 0, in seconds; Indicates the keyframe interval time, in seconds; The physical environment disturbance index of the ocean buoy is calculated based on the first resonance factor, the second resonance factor, the mean significant wave height, and the reference wave height. The formula for calculating the physical environment disturbance index of the marine buoy is as follows: ； in, Indicates the average significant wave height, in millimeters; Indicates the reference wave height, in millimeters.

5. The marine buoy monitoring method based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The method for extracting the average significant wave height and average zero-crossing period within a pre-set time window based on the wave elevation time series includes: Within a pre-defined measurement location area, a wave elevation time series is acquired within the pre-defined time window. The moment when the wave elevation value in the wave elevation time series changes from negative to positive after crossing the baseline is taken as the starting point of a single wave, and recorded as the wave zero-crossing point. The time interval between two adjacent wave zero-crossing points is recorded as the zero-crossing period of a single wave. The difference between the maximum and minimum wave elevation values ​​within a single wave is recorded as the wave height of the single wave. All the single waves identified within the time window are traversed to obtain a zero-crossing period sequence and a wave height sequence. The wave heights of all waves in the wave height sequence are sorted from largest to smallest, and the arithmetic mean of the top third of the wave heights is taken as the average effective wave height. The arithmetic mean of the zero-crossing periods of all waves in the zero-crossing period sequence is taken as the average zero-crossing period.

6. The marine buoy monitoring method based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The method for detecting the degree of looseness of the watertight joint when the physical environment disturbance index of the marine buoy exceeds a preset disturbance threshold includes: When the physical environment disturbance index of the marine buoy exceeds a preset disturbance threshold, the contact resistance time series between the edge computing unit and the sensor is measured using a current injection method through a detection probe pre-installed inside the watertight joint, within a preset measurement time interval and according to a preset resistance sampling interval. The standard deviation of the contact resistance time series is calculated to obtain the contact resistance standard deviation; the average value of the contact resistance time series is calculated to obtain the contact resistance average value; the pre-obtained contact resistance between the edge computing unit and the sensor in a fully tightened state is recorded as the reference contact resistance; and the looseness index of the watertight joint is calculated based on the reference contact resistance, the contact resistance standard deviation, and the contact resistance average value. The formula for calculating the degree of looseness of the watertight joint is as follows: ； in, This indicates the reference contact resistance, in ohms. This represents the average contact resistance, expressed in ohms. This represents the standard deviation of contact resistance, expressed in ohms.

7. The marine buoy monitoring method based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The method for calculating the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission based on the watertight joint looseness index and the ocean buoy physical environment disturbance index includes: The formula for calculating the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission is as follows: ； in, This indicates an index representing the severity of the marine buoy data transmission environment. This represents a pre-set first weight, the value of which ranges from 0 to 1.

8. The marine buoy monitoring method based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The method for obtaining an encrypted transmission strategy based on the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission and using a hierarchical adaptive encrypted transmission algorithm includes: The environmental severity index of the ocean buoy data transmission is compared with a pre-set first severity threshold and a second severity threshold, wherein the first severity threshold is less than the second severity threshold; When the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission is less than or equal to the first severity threshold, the data transmission environment is determined to be good, and the encryption transmission strategy adopted is an authentication encryption algorithm; the authentication encryption algorithm includes data encryption and integrity authentication. When the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission is greater than or equal to the second severity threshold, the data transmission environment is determined to be severe. The encryption transmission strategy adopted is a streaming encryption algorithm, and forward error correction coding is added to the ocean monitoring data before encryption. The streaming encryption algorithm encrypts each data byte independently, and the loss of a single encrypted byte does not affect the decryption of the remaining encrypted bytes. When the environmental severity index of ocean buoy data transmission is greater than the first severity threshold and less than the second severity threshold, the data transmission environment is determined to be moderate, and the encryption transmission strategy adopted is a balanced encryption algorithm. The balanced encryption algorithm is as follows: an authentication encryption algorithm is used for the key frames of transmission in the ocean monitoring data; and a streaming encryption algorithm is used for other data frames in the ocean monitoring data other than the key frames of transmission.

9. An integrated marine buoy monitoring system based on protocol self-adaptation and encryption upgrade, used to perform the method described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The integrated system comprises, in sequence, a device instruction document acquisition module, a monitoring module, a marine buoy data transmission environmental severity index calculation module, and a transmission module; The device instruction document acquisition module is used to acquire the device instruction document of the marine buoy, parse the device instruction document, and obtain a communication protocol template containing communication parameters and data point definitions. The marine buoy includes a buoy body, an edge computing unit, a sensor, and a communication unit. The edge computing unit and the communication unit are located inside the buoy body, and the sensor is externally mounted on the outside of the buoy body and connected to the edge computing unit through a physical serial port encapsulated in a watertight connector. The monitoring module is used to acquire marine monitoring data using sensors; The keyframe redundancy transmission method is used to transmit marine monitoring data to the edge computing unit via a physical serial port; the marine monitoring data includes wave element data, marine buoy position data, and marine state data. The marine buoy data transmission environment severity index calculation module is used to calculate the marine buoy physical environment disturbance index based on the wave element data; when the marine buoy physical environment disturbance index exceeds the preset disturbance threshold, the watertight joint looseness index is detected; the marine buoy data transmission environment severity index is calculated based on the watertight joint looseness index and the marine buoy physical environment disturbance index. The transmission module is used to obtain an encryption transmission strategy based on the severity index of the marine buoy data transmission environment using a hierarchical adaptive encryption transmission algorithm; encrypt the marine monitoring data according to the encryption transmission strategy; and transmit the encrypted marine monitoring data to the main station through the communication unit according to the communication protocol template.

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