A vehicle safety event reporting system based on cellular internet of things and satellite positioning

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on cellular internet of things and satellite positioning's vehicle safety event reporting system, belong to vehicle safety monitoring technical field.The method is executed by safety monitoring equipment installed on vehicle, after equipment starts, access network by cellular internet of things communication module and establish the communication connection of message transmission protocol based on publishing / subscription mode with cloud, satellite positioning module continuously obtains positioning data;When communication connection is disconnected, the internal state of communication client is reset to initial state after reinitiating connection request, and when reconnection fails continuously more than the preset number of times, it is executed module level hard restart by hardware reset pin;Positioning effectiveness processing is realized by analyzing positioning data state identifier, and when positioning is invalid, last known valid position is used and marked as non-accurate state;Through time synchronization, the time reference of all reported data is unified;Device receives and executes user terminal instruction by subscribing to dedicated command topic. The system includes main control module, cellular internet of things communication module, satellite positioning module, acceleration sensor module, running state machine module, communication reconnection module, time synchronization module, instruction subscription and execution module and alarm output module, realize the reliable reporting and remote monitoring of vehicle safety event.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Internet of Things (IoT) communication and satellite positioning technology, specifically to a vehicle safety incident reporting system based on the collaborative operation of cellular IoT and satellite positioning. Background Technology

[0002] Safety warning devices for vehicles (including but not limited to electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric tricycles, and other vehicles) need to report event data (including event type, acceleration value, location coordinates, and timestamp) to the cloud platform in real time when riders experience dangerous events such as sudden braking, collisions, or tipping over. The cloud platform will then send alarm notifications to the rider's family, station managers, or rescue organizations to gain crucial rescue time. Furthermore, riders often cannot find their parked vehicles in large parking lots, shopping malls, underground garages, etc., and need to initiate a remote vehicle locator request through their user terminal to assist in locating the vehicle. Simultaneously, a two-way command channel needs to be established between the device and the user terminal, enabling users to remotely cancel false collision alarms, check device status, and adjust operating parameters.

[0003] Vehicles are used in a wide range of outdoor roads and indoor / semi-indoor enclosed spaces, placing high demands on the coverage, reliability, and low power consumption of communication and positioning modules. However, existing technical solutions generally suffer from the following specific problems: (1) Some early solutions still use 2G / 3G modules, which have problems such as base station outage, poor signal coverage, and insufficient speed, and cannot meet the real-time reporting requirements of security incidents; (2) In scenarios such as tunnels, underground parking garages, and areas with weak signals, cellular communication may be interrupted. During the disconnection period, emergency event data cannot be reported, affecting the timeliness of rescue response; (3) In addition, even if the network is restored, the message transmission protocol client built into the existing communication module will still be marked as "started" in its internal state after the connection is broken. Directly calling the start interface will also be rejected, resulting in reconnection failure. (4) In scenarios where satellite positioning is temporarily unavailable, such as in urban canyons or under overpasses, the existing solution directly interrupts the reporting or reports invalid coordinates, resulting in a break in the cloud trajectory; (5) The timestamps of multi-source data (location data, motion events, SOS events) are not consistent, and there is a time sequence disorder when they are aggregated in the cloud; (6) The existing solution only supports one-way reporting from the device to the cloud. The user terminal cannot send instructions to the device through the cloud, and the collision false alarm cannot be canceled in real time. (7) The existing solution does not provide a reliable remote vehicle locator, making it difficult for users to locate their vehicles in complex scenarios such as large parking lots.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a vehicle safety incident reporting system based on the collaborative operation of cellular IoT and satellite positioning. Through mechanisms such as stable access of the cellular IoT module, reliable reconnection of the communication client, location validity processing, time synchronization, two-way command interaction between the device, cloud, and user terminal, and remote vehicle location assistance, the system ensures that the vehicle safety warning device can reliably report safety incidents and receive remote commands under any communication and positioning conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Purpose of the invention The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a vehicle safety incident reporting system based on the collaborative operation of cellular Internet of Things and satellite positioning. This system enables wide-area reliable access, automatic recovery from communication disconnection, continuous and reliable reporting of positioning data, unified time reference for multi-source data, two-way command interaction between devices and user terminals, and remote vehicle location assistance. It ensures that vehicle safety early warning devices can reliably report safety incidents and receive remote commands under any communication and positioning conditions.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution This invention provides a method for reporting vehicle safety incidents based on cellular IoT and satellite positioning. The vehicles include, but are not limited to, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric tricycles, and other vehicles. The method is executed by a safety monitoring device installed on the vehicle. It achieves reliable reporting and remote monitoring of vehicle safety incidents through wide-area access via a cellular IoT module, communication connections based on a publish / subscribe messaging protocol, a two-level recovery mechanism involving communication client state reset and hardware-level hard reboot, location validity processing, multi-source time synchronization, and bidirectional command interaction between the device, cloud, and user terminal.

[0007] Specifically, after powering on, the device connects to the cellular network via its built-in cellular IoT communication module, establishing a communication connection with the cloud server using a publish / subscribe messaging protocol to ensure real-time transmission of event data to the cloud. The satellite positioning module continuously acquires location data, providing location information for event reporting. The device also includes a built-in accelerometer to detect vehicle motion and collision events in real time, providing a data foundation for operational status assessment and collision detection. Furthermore, the device has a built-in state machine that adaptively switches the reporting frequency based on the vehicle's real-time motion, ensuring real-time trajectory accuracy during driving while reducing cellular data consumption during parking.

[0008] To address communication disconnection scenarios, this invention employs a two-level recovery mechanism: the first level is software reconnection. When a disconnection is detected between the communication module and the cloud server, the internal state of the communication client is reset to its initial state. After a preset time, a reconnection request is initiated, resolving the startup rejection issue caused by the communication module's built-in client still being marked as "started" after a disconnection. The second level is hardware hard reboot. When software reconnection fails more than a preset number of times, a module-level power hard reboot is performed by controlling the communication module's hardware reset pin, fundamentally clearing all residual states within the module. This two-level recovery mechanism forms a complete communication link protection system.

[0009] To address the issue of communication message publishing timeout, this invention employs a timeout switching mechanism: when a message publishing operation times out without receiving confirmation, the main control module switches to a message publishing channel that does not rely on a timeout queue, thus avoiding delays in subsequent data reporting due to timeout queue blockage and ensuring the continuous availability of the communication channel.

[0010] For scenarios where satellite positioning temporarily fails, this invention handles positioning validity by parsing the status identifier of the positioning data: when the status identifier is valid, the current positioning data is reported along with the event and recorded as the most recently known valid positioning; when the status identifier is invalid, the last known valid location data is reported, and the positioning status is marked as inaccurate in the reported field for cloud identification and to avoid confusion with valid positioning data. The last known valid positioning data is stored in a pre-allocated storage area of ​​non-volatile memory to ensure that valid location information is retained after power failure or restart.

[0011] To address the issue of inconsistent time bases across multiple data sources, this invention employs a time synchronization mechanism to acquire and maintain a unified time base. Methods for acquiring time synchronization include, but are not limited to: obtaining time from an internet time server via the SNTP protocol, extracting UTC time from positioning data from a satellite positioning module, or synchronizing with a base station. Upon device startup, one or more methods are prioritized to acquire the time base. Subsequently, time synchronization is performed at preset intervals (ranging from 30 minutes to 2 hours) to correct local clock drift, providing a unified timestamp for all reported data, including positioning data, motion events, and SOS events, ensuring time alignment during cloud aggregation.

[0012] To achieve two-way interaction between the device and the user terminal, the device subscribes to a dedicated command topic, receives and parses user terminal instructions forwarded from the cloud, and executes them. Instruction types include, but are not limited to: collision assistance cancellation instructions, used to stop the automatic emergency call countdown process after a collision; remote configuration update instructions, used to update operational parameters such as communication module parameters, server address, and reporting frequency; remote vehicle location instructions, used to trigger the vehicle to return its current satellite positioning location, and when the user terminal determines that the distance to the vehicle is less than a preset threshold, trigger the vehicle's audio output unit to play a prompt tone to assist the user in locating the vehicle; and parameter query instructions, used to query information such as device status, location, and version number. The instruction execution results are fed back to the cloud through a reporting channel, forming a closed-loop interaction of "device reporting → cloud push → user operation → instruction issuance → device execution → result feedback".

[0013] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a vehicle safety event reporting system based on cellular IoT and satellite positioning, including a main control module, a cellular IoT communication module, a satellite positioning module, an accelerometer sensor module, a state machine module, a communication reconnection module, a time synchronization module, an instruction subscription and execution module, and an alarm output module, as well as a matching cloud platform module. The main control module uses a microcontroller and is responsible for communication management, data caching, time synchronization, state machine management, and reporting scheduling. It has built-in non-volatile memory to store configuration information such as device identifier, communication module parameters, server address, reporting frequency, and calibration parameters. The cellular IoT communication module connects to the main control module via a serial communication interface and is controlled by instructions; it has a built-in message transmission protocol client. The satellite positioning module uses a multi-mode satellite positioning receiver and connects to the main control module via a serial communication interface, outputting standard positioning data. The accelerometer sensor module uses a triaxial accelerometer and connects to the main control module via a bus interface to detect vehicle motion and collision events. The state machine module adaptively switches the reporting frequency according to the vehicle's motion state. The communication reconnection module, upon connection loss, executes a reconnection process by resetting the internal state of the communication client to its initial state and then re-initiating the connection. If software reconnection fails, it automatically escalates to a hardware reset / hard reboot. The time synchronization module acquires and maintains a unified time base. The command subscription and execution module receives and executes user terminal commands by subscribing to dedicated command topics. The alarm output module generates a local audio prompt upon receiving a remote trigger command or when local alarm conditions are met.

[0014] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Wide-area reliable access: The cellular IoT communication module is used to achieve stable access within the coverage area of ​​the base station signal, replacing the insufficient coverage problem of the early 2G / 3G module. At the same time, the reporting frequency is adaptively switched by the running state machine, which significantly reduces the cellular traffic consumption during parking while ensuring the real-time trajectory during driving.

[0015] (2) Automatic recovery of communication link: The software reconnection strategy of resetting the communication client state solves the problem of conflict in the state of the built-in client of the communication module. It is supplemented by a two-level recovery mechanism of hard restarting the hardware reset pin to ensure that the communication link is automatically restored after network fluctuations. Even if the internal state of the communication module is abnormal, it can be completely cleared by hard restart.

[0016] (3) Automatic switching when message posting timeout: When no confirmation is received after message posting timeout, the system automatically switches to a message posting channel that does not rely on the timeout queue to avoid the timeout queue blocking and subsequent data reporting delays, thus ensuring the continuous availability of the communication channel.

[0017] (4) Uninterrupted positioning data: When the positioning validity processing mechanism fails temporarily, the last known valid position is used and marked as inaccurate to avoid trajectory breakage. At the same time, a pre-allocated storage area is stored in non-volatile memory to ensure that the data is not lost after power failure.

[0018] (5) Multi-source data time alignment: Time synchronization provides a unified time reference for all reported data, ensuring time alignment when various types of data are aggregated in the cloud, and avoiding time sequence disorder.

[0019] (6) Two-way interaction between equipment and user terminal: A closed-loop interaction of "equipment reporting → cloud push → user operation → command issuance → equipment execution → result feedback" is realized through a dedicated command topic subscription mechanism, supporting remote control functions such as collision assistance cancellation, remote vehicle search, and parameter query.

[0020] (7) Remote vehicle location function: In complex scenarios such as large parking lots, users can navigate to the vicinity of the vehicle based on satellite positioning and accurately locate the vehicle through the vehicle-side audio prompts. The effective coverage range can reach kilometers, which has a significant advantage in scene adaptability compared to Bluetooth vehicle location (typical coverage range of 10-30 meters). Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1This is a flowchart of cellular IoT communication access and operation state machine switching (Example 1). Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the remote vehicle locator method (Example 2); Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the automatic reconnection process after communication failure (Example 3); Figure 4 This is a flowchart of location validity processing and time synchronization (Example 3). Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle safety incident reporting system based on cellular IoT and satellite positioning (Example 4). Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1 (Running State Machine + Reporting Frequency): This embodiment illustrates the specific application of the method described in claim 2—a real-time trajectory reporting method based on cellular IoT communication and satellite positioning. For specific implementation details, please refer to... Figure 1 The main control module has a built-in cellular IoT communication module, satellite positioning module and acceleration sensor module, as well as a built-in running state machine. It adaptively switches the reporting frequency according to the real-time motion status of the vehicle. The running state machine includes at least three states: STOPPED, RUNNING and PARKED.

[0025] The three states are determined by the vibration detection of the accelerometer and the satellite positioning speed: (1) Stopped state: when the satellite positioning speed is continuously lower than 1 km / h and the standard deviation of the three-axis acceleration vector of the accelerometer is lower than 0.05g within 5 minutes; (2) Running state: when the satellite positioning speed is continuously greater than 5 km / h for 3 consecutive seconds; (3) Parked state: when exiting the running state and the satellite positioning speed drops back to below 1 km / h; when the satellite positioning speed is between 1 km / h and 5 km / h, the previous state is maintained to avoid frequent state switching.

[0026] The three states correspond to different reporting frequencies: the stopped state reports a heartbeat packet every 30 minutes, the moving state reports a location and status packet every 10 seconds, and the parked guard state reports a location packet every 10 minutes. This frequency design is based on the usage scenario characteristics of users such as food delivery riders and shared electric bike users—parking time accounts for approximately 90% of their time, and reducing the reporting frequency during parking periods can significantly reduce cellular data consumption.

[0027] The reported data is transmitted to the cloud in real time via the cellular IoT communication module. When the communication channel is disconnected due to weak signal, tunnels, underground parking garages, or other reasons, the main control module monitors the disconnection status and performs reconnection through the client status reset process of the communication reconnection module. When the reconnection fails more than a preset number of times, it is upgraded to a module-level hard reboot, which achieves a complete power-off and power-on by controlling the hardware reset pin of the communication module. When the disconnection lasts for more than a preset duration, it is determined that there may be signal jamming or device theft, triggering a remote anti-theft alarm.

[0028] The reported fields include at least: device identifier, timestamp, location coordinates and location status, current status of the running state machine, current battery level, type and timestamp of the most recent motion event, type and timestamp of the most recent collision event, and timestamp of the most recent SOS event. The timestamps of all reported data are generated based on the synchronized local clock to ensure time alignment when multi-source data is aggregated in the cloud.

[0029] This embodiment combines cellular IoT communication with a running state machine to control the average monthly cellular traffic within the range of 30-50MB (for ordinary users), while ensuring that the trajectory reporting frequency during driving (10 seconds / time) meets the real-time requirements for accident location and rescue response.

[0030] It should be noted that the running state machine (STOPPED / RUNNING / PARKED) described in this embodiment is dedicated to the vehicle-to-cloud reporting frequency control, and belongs to a different dimension of event management logic from the automatic emergency call state machine after collision: the running state machine determines "how often to report data", and the automatic emergency call state machine after collision determines "how to proceed with the countdown after the collision". The two run in parallel without interfering with each other.

[0031] Example 2 (Remote Vehicle Locator): This embodiment illustrates the specific application of the remote vehicle locating command described in claim 8—a satellite-based remote vehicle locating method. For specific implementation details, please refer to... Figure 2 When users cannot find their vehicles in large parking lots, food delivery malls, or other similar locations, they can initiate a vehicle-finding request through their user terminals (such as mobile applications, mobile web pages, etc.).

[0032] The execution process of the vehicle finding method is as follows: (1) The user terminal sends a vehicle finding request to the cloud through a dedicated command topic. The request includes the user identifier, device identifier and request timestamp; (2) The cloud forwards the vehicle finding request to the vehicle terminal through the device's dedicated command topic; (3) After receiving the request, the vehicle terminal instruction subscription and execution module returns the current satellite positioning position (accuracy 5-10 meters) and positioning timestamp through the communication channel; (4) After receiving the positioning position, the user terminal calls the map API to generate a walking navigation path; (5) When the user terminal determines that the distance to the vehicle is less than the preset distance threshold based on the positioning position, it sends a "trigger vehicle finding sound effect" instruction; the vehicle terminal instruction execution module calls the local alarm subroutine to play a short-short-long combination of prompts (a combination of multiple short-time beeps and silence at a specific frequency, the specific frequency and duration of which are selected by those skilled in the art according to the actual application scenario), and outputs it through the audio output unit to assist the user in accurately locating the vehicle within the positioning error range; (6) The vehicle finding record is written to a non-volatile memory, including the vehicle finding initiation time, vehicle finding end time, user identifier, and the distance value of the final triggered prompt, for post-event traceability and service quality analysis.

[0033] The method supports two extended modes: Silent vehicle search mode (used at night, it navigates to the vicinity of the vehicle without triggering a prompt sound, relying solely on the location) and continuous beeping mode (used in noisy environments, the local audio output unit continuously outputs a prompt sound until the user terminal sends a stop command).

[0034] The remote car-finding method described in this embodiment has an effective coverage range of up to kilometers, and is suitable for complex indoor and outdoor scenarios such as large parking lots, shopping malls, and underground garages. Compared with Bluetooth car finding (typical coverage range of 10-30 meters), it has a significant advantage in scene adaptability.

[0035] It should be noted that the remote vehicle locator function (initiated by the user, based on location and audio prompts for assisted location) and the anti-theft tracking function (automatically triggered when the vehicle is moved abnormally, passively monitored based on a threshold of deviation from the parking point) described in this embodiment belong to different application scenarios: remote vehicle locator is where the user actively locates a vehicle in a known parking location, while anti-theft tracking is where the device automatically detects vehicle theft and continuously reports it. The two have different technical triggering conditions and complementary application purposes, and do not constitute duplicate claims.

[0036] Example 3 (Reconnection + Location + Time Synchronization + Message Posting Timeout Handling): This embodiment illustrates the steps of automatic reconnection after communication failure, location validity processing, and time synchronization as described in claim 1, as well as the specific application of message publishing timeout processing as described in claim 5. (See also...) Figure 3 and Figure 4 The main control module integrates these processing flows into a unified connection and data management task.

[0037] (a) Automatic reconnection process after communication disconnection Step 1: The main control module continuously monitors the connection status of the communication module. When a connection loss event is detected, the reconnection process is initiated. Step 2: Reset the internal state of the communication client to the initial state and wait for a preset short time (preferably 100 milliseconds); Step 3: Re-initiate the connection request; Step 4: If the connection is successful, resume normal data reporting and command subscription; if the connection fails, extend the retry interval according to the exponential backoff strategy (such as 1s / 2s / 4s / 8s / 16s / 32s / 60s), with a maximum retry interval of 60 seconds, to avoid frequent retries consuming traffic and power in long-term network outage scenarios.

[0038] By resetting the client's internal state to its initial state before reconnecting, the strategy avoids startup rejection errors caused by the client's internal state still being marked as "started" after disconnection, thus ensuring that the reconnection process can be executed reliably.

[0039] (II) Message Posting Timeout Handling Process Step 1: After the main control module sends a message publishing request through the communication module, it starts the timeout timer; Step 2: If no confirmation of publication is received within the preset timeout period, the publication is deemed to have timed out. Step 3: The main control module switches to a message publishing channel that does not rely on the timeout queue and resends the message to avoid delays in subsequent data reporting caused by timeout queue blocking; Step 4: Accumulate timeout counts. When the number of consecutive timeouts exceeds a preset number, the communication reconnection process is triggered.

[0040] (III) Location Validity Processing Procedure Step 1: The main control module reads positioning data from the satellite positioning module through the serial communication interface and parses the status identifier; Step 2: Determine the status identifier: When the status identifier is valid, record the current latitude, longitude, and positioning timestamp as "the most recently known valid location" and report it along with the event; Step 3: When the status identifier is invalid, report the "most recently known valid location" data maintained in Step 2, and mark the location status as inaccurate in the reporting field so that the cloud can identify it and avoid confusion with valid location data; Step 4: The "Recently Known Valid Location" data is stored in a pre-allocated storage area of ​​non-volatile memory. This area is updated each time the location status is marked as valid, ensuring that valid location information is retained after power failure or restart.

[0041] (iv) Time synchronization process Step 1: After the device starts up and connects to the network through the communication module, the main control module obtains the current timestamp through one or more methods, including but not limited to: obtaining it from an Internet time server via the SNTP protocol, extracting the UTC time from the positioning data of the satellite positioning module, or synchronizing the time through the base station. Step 2: Write the acquired timestamp into the local real-time clock module or the main control internal register as the timestamp reference for all reported data; Step 3: Subsequently, time synchronization is performed periodically according to a preset cycle (preferably 1 hour, adjustable range 30 minutes to 2 hours) to correct local clock drift; Step 4: Perform a time synchronization immediately after each communication module re-enters the network or re-establishes a connection to avoid the cumulative effect of clock drift during network outages on the accuracy of event timestamps.

[0042] (v) Module-level hard reboot process When reconnection fails more than a preset number of times (e.g., when using an exponential backoff strategy, failure still occurs after a maximum retry interval of 60 seconds), the main control module performs a module-level hard reboot by controlling the hardware reset pin of the communication module. This completely powers off the module and then powers it back on, fundamentally clearing all residual states within the module. This hard reboot process, together with the aforementioned software reconnection that resets the client state and re-initiates the connection, forms a two-tiered recovery hierarchy: software reconnection takes priority, and hardware reset automatically escalates to hardware reset when software reconnection fails.

[0043] Example 4 (Hardware Implementation) This embodiment illustrates the specific hardware implementation of the system described in claims 9 to 12. (See also...) Figure 5 The system consists of a main control module, a cellular IoT communication module, a satellite positioning module, an acceleration sensor module, an alarm module, an SOS button module, and a power supply module.

[0044] (I) Main Control Module The main control module is implemented using a microcontroller module integrating a microprocessor, flash memory, and dynamic memory (the specific model can be selected by those skilled in the art based on actual conditions). This embodiment of the invention does not rely on the built-in wireless LAN function of the main control chip; all reporting and command interaction are completed through an external cellular IoT communication module (a fundamental difference from earlier wireless LAN versions). The main control module communicates via I... 2 The C-bus interface connects to the accelerometer module, and the serial communication interface connects to the communication module and the positioning module respectively. The flash memory of the main control module contains program code that implements the method of this invention. This program code includes a communication access subroutine, a reconnection subroutine, a positioning validity processing subroutine, a time synchronization subroutine, a running state machine subroutine, and an instruction subscription and execution subroutine.

[0045] (ii) Cellular IoT Communication Module The cellular IoT communication module uses a module that supports cellular network communication (the specific model can be selected by those skilled in the art based on actual conditions). It connects to the main control module via a serial communication interface and implements connection, message publishing, and subscription operations through command control. The module's power-on control pin and status detection pin are connected by those skilled in the art according to the module specifications and the main control pin resource allocation to realize the module's power-on / off control and online status monitoring (the specific interface circuit and timing can be set by those skilled in the art according to the module specifications). The module has a built-in message transmission protocol client. The main control module connects and publishes data through the command control module. The message body can be directly appended to the command line for sending to simplify the sending process. The module's operating voltage is provided by the system power supply module (the specific voltage is determined by the module specifications), and the module's peak transmit current is selected by those skilled in the art based on the actual application scenario.

[0046] (III) Satellite Positioning Module The satellite positioning module uses a multi-constellation satellite positioning receiver (supporting multiple constellation systems such as GPS / BeiDou / GLONASS / Galileo, and the specific model can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation), and connects to the main control module through a serial communication interface to output standard positioning data; the main control module parses the positioning data at a preset frequency (1Hz is a typical implementation) to obtain latitude, longitude, positioning status and positioning timestamp (the specific serial port pin allocation and baud rate can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation).

[0047] (iv) Accelerometer sensor module The acceleration sensor module uses a triaxial acceleration sensor (the specific model can be selected by those skilled in the art based on actual conditions), and connects to I... 2 The C-bus interface connects to the main control module and outputs triaxial acceleration data at a preset sampling frequency (typically 100Hz). The main control module calculates the triaxial acceleration resultant vector using the acceleration data, which is used to detect vehicle motion status (stop / drive / parking protection) and collision events (sudden braking, collision, tipping, etc.), providing a data basis for state machine switching and collision detection.

[0048] (v) Alarm Module The alarm module consists of an audio output unit, which is implemented in a combination of an I2S digital audio power amplifier and a speaker, serving as the local alarm output channel in this embodiment of the invention (the specific model can be selected by those skilled in the art based on actual conditions). The interface of the audio output unit connects to the corresponding pins of the main controller (the specific pin assignment is selected by those skilled in the art based on the main controller specification), and the output drives the speaker to output a prompt tone. The local alarm subroutine supports playing various audio modes such as short prompt tones (short-short-long combination), SOS alarm tones, and pre-recorded voice (the specific audio parameters are set by those skilled in the art based on actual application scenarios), meeting the alarm output requirements of this invention for various application scenarios such as vehicle location prompts, collision alarms, and SOS emergency assistance.

[0049] (vi) SOS button module The SOS button module uses a waterproof switch independent of the main control module (the specific model and interface circuit can be selected by those skilled in the art based on actual conditions). It is connected to the main control module through an input pin and generates a preset level signal when pressed. When the SOS button is pressed, the main control bypasses the collision detection process and directly triggers the highest priority SOS emergency call action.

[0050] (vii) Power supply module The power supply module employs an onboard DC-DC step-down module and a low-dropout linear regulator to achieve the overall power supply architecture: the vehicle's DC battery voltage is converted to an intermediate voltage via the DC-DC step-down module, and then converted to the operating voltage required by the system by the linear regulator, supplying power to the main control module, positioning module, acceleration sensor, and audio output unit; the operating voltage of the communication module is provided by the intermediate voltage through the internal DC-DC converter of the communication module (the specific chip model, input / output voltage, and current parameters can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation). The entire system uses only one external DC-DC step-down module as an external power conversion device, eliminating the need for external dual DC-DC modules or independent power supply circuits, simplifying the PCB layout and reducing material costs.

[0051] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for reporting vehicle safety incidents based on cellular IoT and satellite positioning, wherein the vehicles include, but are not limited to, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric tricycles, and other vehicles, characterized in that, The method is performed by a security monitoring device installed on the vehicle and includes the following steps: Step 1: Cellular IoT communication access. The device accesses the network through its built-in cellular IoT communication module and establishes a communication connection with the cloud server based on a publish / subscribe messaging protocol; the satellite positioning module continuously acquires positioning data. Step 2: Automatic reconnection after communication failure. When the connection between the cellular IoT communication module and the cloud server is lost, the internal state of the communication client is first reset to the initial state, and a connection request is re-initiated after a preset time. If the reconnection fails more than a preset number of times, a module-level hard reboot is performed through the hardware reset pin. Step 3: Positioning validity processing. When acquiring positioning data through the satellite positioning module, the status identifier of the positioning data is parsed. When the status identifier is valid, the current positioning data is used to report with the event. When the status identifier is invalid, the last known valid location data is used to report and the positioning status is marked as inaccurate. Step 4: Time synchronization, obtain and maintain a unified time base to provide a unified timestamp for all reported data; Step 5: Device-side command subscription and remote control. The device receives and executes user terminal commands sent from the cloud by subscribing to a dedicated command topic; the command execution results are fed back to the cloud through the reporting channel.

2. The vehicle safety incident reporting method based on cellular IoT and satellite positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1 also includes: the running state machine adaptively switches the reporting frequency according to the vehicle's motion state. The running state machine includes at least a stopped state and a moving state, with different reporting frequencies corresponding to different states.

3. The vehicle safety incident reporting method based on cellular IoT and satellite positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The access to cellular IoT communication in step 1 also includes: when the communication connection has not been disconnected, the communication module periodically detects the signal strength and network registration status; when the signal strength is lower than a preset threshold or the network registration is lost, the communication module is triggered to search for the network again and re-establish the connection; when the disconnection lasts for more than a preset duration, it is determined that there may be signal blocking or the device has been stolen, and a remote anti-theft alarm is triggered.

4. The vehicle safety incident reporting method based on cellular IoT and satellite positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset waiting time between resetting the communication client state and re-initiating the connection in step 2 is a preset short waiting time. The short time refers to less than the minimum time required for the protocol layer to stabilize after the state reset, so as to avoid protocol layer handshake conflicts caused by immediately initiating a connection after the state reset.

5. A method for reporting vehicle safety incidents based on cellular IoT and satellite positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1 also includes: when the message publishing operation times out and no confirmation is received, the main control module switches to a message publishing channel that does not rely on the timeout queue to avoid delays in subsequent data reporting due to timeout queue blocking.

6. The vehicle safety incident reporting method based on cellular IoT and satellite positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The last known valid location data mentioned in step 3 is stored in a pre-allocated storage area of ​​non-volatile memory. This area is updated each time the positioning status is marked as valid, and retains the device identifier, positioning timestamp, and coordinate information.

7. The vehicle safety incident reporting method based on cellular IoT and satellite positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The execution cycle of time synchronization in step 4 is a preset cycle, which is adaptively adjusted according to the local clock drift characteristics and network reachability. The adaptive adjustment time range is limited to between 30 minutes and 2 hours.

8. A method for reporting vehicle safety incidents based on cellular IoT and satellite positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The instruction types mentioned in step 5 include at least the following: a collision assistance cancellation instruction, used to terminate the automatic assistance countdown process after a collision; a remote configuration update instruction, used to update operating parameters such as communication module parameters, server address, and reporting frequency; a remote vehicle location instruction, used to trigger the vehicle to return to its current satellite positioning location, and when the user terminal determines that the distance to the vehicle is less than a preset threshold, to trigger the vehicle's audio output unit to play a prompt tone to assist the user in locating the vehicle; and a parameter query instruction, used to query information such as device status, location, and version number.

9. A vehicle safety incident reporting system based on cellular Internet of Things and satellite positioning, characterized in that, include: The main control module, which uses a microcontroller, is responsible for communication management, data caching, time synchronization, running state machine management, and reporting and scheduling. Built-in non-volatile memory is used to store configuration information such as device identification, communication module parameters, server address, reporting frequency, and calibration parameters; the cellular IoT communication module is used to connect to the main control module through a serial communication interface and is controlled by commands. It has a built-in message transmission protocol client and is suitable for outdoor wide-area and indoor semi-enclosed scenarios. The satellite positioning module uses a multi-mode satellite positioning receiver, which is connected to the main control module through a serial communication interface, and outputs standard positioning data to provide positioning coordinates and timestamps for event data. The acceleration sensor module uses a triaxial acceleration sensor and is connected to the main control module via a bus interface to detect vehicle motion and collision events. The system includes a state machine module that adaptively switches the reporting frequency based on the vehicle's motion status; a communication reconnection module that, when the communication module loses its connection with the cloud server, executes a reconnection process by resetting the internal state of the communication client to its initial state and then re-initiating the connection; and a module-level hard reboot that is executed via a hardware reset pin when reconnection fails more than a preset number of times. The time synchronization module is used to acquire and maintain a unified time base, providing a consistent time stamp for all reported data. The instruction subscription and execution module receives user terminal instructions forwarded from the cloud by subscribing to exclusive command topics, and then calls the corresponding execution subroutine after parsing. The alarm output module generates local audio prompts when a remote trigger instruction is received or local alarm conditions are met, to assist users in locating the vehicle or issuing an alarm.

10. A vehicle safety incident reporting system based on cellular IoT and satellite positioning according to claim 9, characterized in that, The system also includes a cloud platform module, which communicates with the main control module via a message transmission protocol. The cloud platform module is used to receive security event data and trajectories reported by the device, push alarm notifications to the user terminal, and receive instructions sent by the user terminal and send them to the device.

11. A vehicle safety incident reporting system based on cellular IoT and satellite positioning according to claim 10, characterized in that, The cloud platform module also includes a command forwarding function: through the device's dedicated command topic, the user terminal's collision assistance cancellation command, remote configuration update command, remote vehicle search command, and parameter query command are sent to the device. After the device parses and executes the command, it sends the execution result back to the cloud through the reporting channel. The cloud then pushes the result back to the user terminal, forming a closed-loop interaction of "sending command → device execution → result feedback".

12. A vehicle safety incident reporting system based on cellular IoT and satellite positioning according to claim 9, characterized in that, The cellular IoT communication module is a module that supports cellular network communication (the specific model can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation). The main control module connects to the communication module through a serial communication interface and controls the communication module to perform connection, message publishing and subscription operations through instructions. The communication module has a built-in message transmission protocol client, which eliminates the need for the main control module to run a protocol stack, thereby reducing the main control resource consumption.

13. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.

14. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.

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