Heated film, support, glass assembly and vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to a heating film piece, a support, a glass assembly and a vehicle. The heating film piece is used for connecting with a light shield of the support. The heating film piece comprises a substrate, a heating layer and a shielding layer. One side of the substrate is used for connecting with the light shield. The heating layer is connected to the other side of the substrate. The shielding layer is connected to the side of the heating layer away from the substrate. The side of the shielding layer away from the heating layer is used for arranging a flocked layer or paint. The shielding layer is made of PC material. The heating film piece, the support, the glass assembly and the vehicle can improve the heating efficiency. The amount of precipitates, the haze change value and the fogging value meet the requirements, and the optical effect can be ensured. The surface of the shielding layer made of PC material is high in energy, and the flocked layer can be stably combined with the shielding layer, thereby improving the product quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle accessories technology, and in particular to a heating diaphragm, bracket, glass assembly, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Optical sensors such as cameras, webcams, and lidar in related technologies are typically mounted on brackets and placed inside the vehicle. The optical signals of the optical sensors penetrate the glass to scan and detect the surrounding environment, thereby monitoring and collecting surrounding environmental data. Through system analysis, road conditions can be predicted to alert the driver to potential dangers in advance, thereby increasing driving comfort and safety.

[0003] To prevent fogging or frost formation on the glass surface corresponding to the field of view (FOV) of the optical sensor in winter, high humidity, or other weather conditions, a heating device is integrated into the bracket. The heating device actively heats the inner side of the area on the glass corresponding to the field of view to achieve the defogging / defrosting function.

[0004] However, the heating devices in related technologies either have low heating efficiency, which cannot meet the increasingly demanding defogging / defrosting functions, or form an oil film on the glass at the location corresponding to the field of view (FOV) of the optical sensor, which can seriously affect the optical performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a heating diaphragm, bracket, glass assembly, and vehicle that can improve heating efficiency and ensure optical performance in order to solve at least one of the problems in the related technologies.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a heating film for connection with a light shield of a bracket, the heating film comprising:

[0007] A substrate, one side of which is used to connect to the light shield;

[0008] A heating layer, the heating layer being connected to the other side of the substrate; and

[0009] A shielding layer is attached to the heating layer on the side away from the substrate. The side of the shielding layer away from the heating layer is used to apply a flocking layer or paint. The shielding layer is made of PC material.

[0010] In one embodiment, the heating film further includes a radiation layer connected between the heating layer and the shielding layer.

[0011] In one embodiment, the thickness of the radiating layer is 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm; and / or, the radiating layer is made of carbon nanotube material.

[0012] In one embodiment, the heating diaphragm further includes a first adhesive layer connected between the radiating layer and the heating layer.

[0013] In one embodiment, the thickness of the first adhesive layer is 0.002 mm to 0.2 mm; and / or, the first adhesive layer is a polyurethane adhesive.

[0014] In one embodiment, the thickness of the shielding layer is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.

[0015] In one embodiment, the thickness of the substrate is 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm; and / or, the substrate is made of PET material.

[0016] In one embodiment, the thickness of the heating layer is 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm; and / or, the heating layer includes an electric heating wire.

[0017] Secondly, this application provides a bracket, including: a light shield and the heating film, wherein the heating film is connected to the inner wall of the light shield; the bracket further includes a flocked layer or paint; the flocked layer or the paint is disposed on the inner wall of the light shield and covers the heating film.

[0018] In one embodiment, the bracket further includes a second adhesive layer, which is connected between the substrate and the inner wall of the light shield, and the second adhesive layer is polyurethane adhesive.

[0019] In one embodiment, the material of the second adhesive layer is a mixture of a main agent and a curing agent; the mass ratio of the main agent to the curing agent in the mixture is 100:5-6; the main agent is a water-based polyurethane adhesive.

[0020] In one embodiment, the flocked layer includes a third adhesive layer and a flock layer, the flock layer being connected to the masking layer via the third adhesive layer.

[0021] In one embodiment, the thickness of the third adhesive layer is 0.02 mm to 0.3 mm; and / or, the third adhesive layer is polyurethane adhesive or Kempinski paint.

[0022] In one embodiment, the pile length of the pile layer is 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm; and / or, the pile material of the pile layer is PA or PET.

[0023] Thirdly, this application provides a glass assembly, including the bracket, a glass body, and an optical sensor, wherein the light shield covers the glass body and the optical sensor is mounted on the bracket.

[0024] Fourthly, this application provides a means of transportation including the aforementioned glass assembly.

[0025] The aforementioned heating film, bracket, glass assembly, and vehicle, when the heating film is connected to the inner wall of the light shield, allow the heat generated during operation of the heating film to directly heat the air inside the light shield and the glass body without passing through the bracket, and can also radiate heat to the glass body, thereby improving heating efficiency. Furthermore, the shielding layer, made of PC material, has the advantage of low precipitate production when heated, and the shielding layer effectively blocks and hinders precipitate release. This results in a smaller amount of precipitate passing through the shielding layer and being discharged into the light shield, thus ensuring that the amount of precipitate, haze change, and fogging value all meet requirements and guarantee optical performance. Moreover, the high surface energy of the PC material shielding layer allows for a stable bond with the flocked layer, further improving product quality. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a bracket according to an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 2 This is an exploded structural diagram of a heating film according to an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural view of a heating diaphragm installed on a bracket according to an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0030] 10. Support; 11. Main body; 12. Light shield; 121. Side wall; 1211. Optical through hole; 122. Top wall; 13. Flocking layer; 131. Third adhesive layer; 132. Flocking layer; 14. Second adhesive layer; 20. Heating film; 21. Substrate; 22. Heating layer; 23. Shielding layer; 24. Radiation layer; 25. First adhesive layer. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0032] As described in the background section, heating devices in related technologies suffer from low heating efficiency and a tendency to form an oil film on the glass. This is because these devices typically consist of a heating film bonded to the back of a support, i.e., on the side of the support furthest from the glass. When the heating film is activated, it first heats the light-shielding cover, which then defrosts the corresponding area of ​​the glass using heated air or thermal radiation. Clearly, the heat from the heating film must pass through the support to reach the glass, resulting in low heating efficiency and failing to meet the increasingly demanding defrosting and defogging requirements. Increasing the temperature of the heating film would increase precipitation and affect the bonding effect.

[0033] Of course, if the heating film is placed on the side of the support facing the glass, it can directly heat the area on the glass corresponding to the field of view (FOV) of the optical sensor, thus improving heating efficiency. However, the amount of precipitates produced during heating is difficult to control. A large amount of precipitates are discharged into the air inside the light shield and condense and adhere to the area on the glass corresponding to the FOV of the optical sensor, easily forming an oil film on the glass, which seriously affects the optical performance.

[0034] Of course, if the heating function is integrated into the glass, that is, if silver paste heating lines are printed on the glass at the location corresponding to the field of view (FOV) of the optical sensor or if wire clamping is done, the heating efficiency can also be improved. However, the silver paste heating lines or wire clamping will block the optical signal to a certain extent, which will seriously affect the optical effect.

[0035] For the reasons mentioned above, this application provides a heating diaphragm, bracket, glass assembly, and vehicle that can improve heating efficiency and ensure optical performance.

[0036] One embodiment of this application provides a means of transportation, including but not limited to automobiles, buses, trains, etc., which can be flexibly adjusted and configured according to actual needs. This application will specifically use an automobile as an example of a means of transportation.

[0037] For example, the vehicle includes a glass assembly and a supporting component. The glass assembly is connected to the supporting component, which serves to install and support the glass assembly. The supporting component includes, but is not limited to, door panels, vehicle frames, and headliners, etc., and can be adjusted and set according to actual needs, without limitation here.

[0038] For example, the glass assembly includes a glass body (not shown in the figures). The glass body includes, but is not limited to, windshields, side windows, rear windows, and corner windows. In one specific embodiment, the glass body provided in this application is described using a windshield as an example, but this does not constitute a limitation on this application. It is understood that the glass body of this application can also be applied to various other products.

[0039] For example, the glass body may include, but is not limited to, single-layer glass or laminated glass, etc., without limitation. Wherein, the glass body is set as a single-layer glass sheet, and the glass body may include, but is not limited to, ordinary glass or tempered glass. Of course, the glass body may also be set as at least two laminated glass sheets. In other words, the glass body is set as laminated glass.

[0040] Please see Figure 1 For example, the glass assembly also includes a bracket 10 and an optical sensor (not shown). The bracket 10 is mounted on at least one of the inner surfaces of the contact piece and the glass body. The optical sensor is connected to the bracket 10, which serves to support and carry the optical sensor.

[0041] Optionally, the optical sensor includes, but is not limited to, at least one or any combination of multiple of the following: lidar, camera, webcam, thermal imager, gesture detection sensor, rain sensor, ETC (Electronic Toll Collection).

[0042] To improve vehicle driving safety, optical sensors have a clear and as large a field of view as possible. The glass body has a light-transmitting area, and the signal transceiver of the optical sensor is positioned opposite to this area. The light-transmitting area allows the optical signal from the optical sensor to pass through. Specifically, when the optical sensor is working, it emits optical signals and receives reflected signals to construct a high-precision 3D point cloud map of the surrounding environment in real time, providing crucial spatial perception capabilities for autonomous driving systems.

[0043] Please see Figure 1 For example, the bracket 10 includes a body 11. The body 11 is used for mounting to at least one of the glass body and the mounting bracket. Optionally, the body 11 is mounted to at least one of the glass body and the mounting bracket by means of adhesive bonding or fasteners such as pins and screws. Specifically, the body 11 is a plate that is adhesively bonded to the inner surface of the glass body or mounted to the mounting bracket.

[0044] For example, the bracket 10 also includes a light shield 12. The light shield 12 is connected to the main body 11. Specifically, the light shield 12 and the main body 11 are formed by means including but not limited to injection molding. Of course, the light shield 12 and the main body 11 can also be injection molded separately and then fixed by snap-fit ​​or fasteners such as bolts. The light shield 12 is used to cover the inner surface of the glass body. However, it should be noted that the light shield 12 and the glass body can be connected or in contact with each other, or they can not be connected or in contact with each other, for example, there is a gap between them. The light shield 12 and the inner surface of the glass body cooperate to form a sealed chamber, which can effectively prevent dust and other particles in the air from entering the chamber and contaminating the sensor and the glass body. Furthermore, flocking or spraying inside the chamber achieves a low diffuse reflectance, which can absorb stray light and avoid affecting the optical sensor. Furthermore, optical sensors, such as cameras, require that the light entering the sensor within its field of view, such as a ±60° field of view, not be affected. A light shield effectively prevents stray light and foreign objects outside the field of view from entering the cavity and adversely affecting the performance of the optical sensor, thus ensuring its normal operation. Optionally, the light shield 12 is bonded to the inner surface of the glass body using sealant. The sealant includes, but is not limited to, PU adhesive. With the help of the sealant, the light shield 12 not only provides light shielding but also ensures a stable installation and effectively prevents dust and water vapor from entering the light shield 12.

[0045] The following will combine Figures 1 to 3 The heating film 20 of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail.

[0046] For example, one embodiment of this application provides a heating film 20, which is connected to the inner wall of the light shield 12 of the support 10. That is, the heating film 20 is disposed on the side of the support 10 facing the glass body, and is disposed on the support 10 in a positive-fit manner. In this way, when the heating film 20 is working, the heat generated does not need to pass through the support 10, but can directly heat the air inside the light shield 12 and heat the glass body, and the generated heat is directly radiated to the glass body, thereby improving the heating efficiency.

[0047] Specifically, the sunshade 12 includes a side wall 121 and a top wall 122. The side wall 121 connects the top wall 122 and the main body 11. The side wall 121 is provided with an optical through-hole 1211, which may include, but is not limited to, a circular hole. The light signal from the optical sensor passes through the optical through-hole 1211 and is transmitted outward, while the light signal fed back from outside the vehicle passes through the optical through-hole 1211 and is received by the optical sensor. The top wall 122 is arranged opposite to the glass body, and the heating diaphragm 20 is specifically installed on the top wall 122. The heat generated by the heating diaphragm 20 can radiate directly to the glass body, resulting in good heating efficiency. Optionally, the coverage area of ​​the heating diaphragm 20 on the top wall 122 can reach more than 60%, more than 80%, more than 95%, or even more than 99%, that is, almost covering the entire area of ​​the top wall 122. The specific arrangement is not particularly limited here and is within the protection scope of this embodiment. The larger the coverage area of ​​the heating film 20 on the top wall 122, the higher the heating efficiency of the glass body. Therefore, in this embodiment, the heating film 20 is preferably arranged over the entire area of ​​the top wall 122, such as... Figure 1 The area within the dashed box indicated by arrow Q.

[0048] Optionally, the heating diaphragm 20 may be fixed to the inner wall of the light shield 12 by various means such as bonding, snapping, or riveting.

[0049] To ensure a clear view of the vehicle's surroundings, the diffuse reflectance of the inner wall of the sun visor 12 is subject to strict requirements, such as a diffuse reflectance ≤2%, thereby eliminating stray light and ensuring the normal operation of the optical sensor. Based on this, the bracket 10 also includes a flocked layer 13 or paint. The flocked layer 13 or paint is applied to the inner wall of the sun visor 12. The flocked layer 13 or paint is applied to the entire area of ​​the top wall 122. The flocked layer 13 or paint covers the heating film 20, resulting in a low diffuse reflectance on the inner wall of the sun visor 12, meeting the required diffuse reflectance. Furthermore, to reduce color differences on the inner wall of the sun visor 12 and improve the overall appearance, the entire inner wall of the sun visor 12 is covered with a flocked layer 13 or paint.

[0050] It is worth noting that when the heating film 20 is attached to the inner wall of the light shield 12, the precipitates generated by the heating film 20 will easily enter the chamber and adhere to the surface of the glass body through condensation. Therefore, in order to prevent the amount of precipitates from being too large and adhering to the surface of the glass body to form an oil film, thus affecting the optical effect, the performance of the heating film 20 needs to meet the following requirements: (1) The amount of precipitates ≤ 0.2 mg (100℃ / 16H), that is, under the condition of continuous heating at 100℃ for 16 hours, the weight of precipitates adhering to the surface of the glass body needs to be ≤ 0.2 mg; (2) The haze change value ≤ 0.7% (100℃ / 16H), that is, the difference in haze change before and after under the condition of continuous heating at 100℃ for 16 hours; (3) The atomization value of the atomization method ≥ 95% (100℃ / 16H), that is, under the condition of continuous heating at 100℃ for 16 hours, the precipitates condense and form on the glass body. The gloss of the glass body was measured before and after 16 hours of heating. The haze value is the ratio of the gloss after the experiment to the gloss before the experiment.

[0051] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 Based on this, for example, the heating diaphragm 20 includes: a substrate 21, a heating layer 22, and a shielding layer 23. One side of the substrate 21 is used to connect to the inner wall of the light shield 12. The substrate 21 serves as a load-bearing element, providing stable support for the other layers of the heating diaphragm 20, allowing the heating diaphragm 20 to be stably installed on the inner wall of the light shield 12. The heating layer 22 is connected to the other side of the substrate 21. The heating layer 22 includes, but is not limited to, an electric heating wire, which generates heat when energized. This heat heats the area corresponding to the glass body and the field of view, thus achieving the function of defogging and defrosting. The electric heating wire includes, but is not limited to, various metal materials such as aluminum, copper, gold, and silver. The shielding layer 23 is connected to the side of the heating layer 22 away from the substrate 21. The side of the shielding layer 23 away from the heating layer 22 is used to set the flocked layer 13 or paint. The shielding layer 23 is made of PC (polycarbonate) material.

[0052] The aforementioned heating film 20, being connected to the inner wall of the light shield 12, allows the heat generated during operation to directly heat the air inside the light shield 12 and the glass body without passing through the support 10, and also radiates heat to the glass body, thereby improving heating efficiency. Furthermore, the shielding layer 23, made of PC material, minimizes the amount of precipitates produced when heated. The shielding layer 23 also acts as a barrier, preventing these precipitates from passing through the shielding layer 23 and discharging into the light shield 12. Consequently, the amount of precipitates, haze variation, and fogging value all meet requirements, ensuring optimal optical performance. Moreover, the high surface energy of the PC material shielding layer 23 allows for a stable bond with the flocked layer 13, further improving product quality.

[0053] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, the heating film 20 further includes a radiation layer 24. The radiation layer 24 is connected between the heating layer 22 and the shielding layer 23. When the heating film 20 is heating, the heat from the heating layer 22 is more easily radiated outward through the radiation layer 24, causing most of the heat to radiate towards the glass body, thereby improving heating efficiency. Furthermore, in related technologies, the temperature of the heating circuit portion of the heating layer 22 is relatively high, while the temperature of the area of ​​the heating layer 22 without the heating circuit is relatively low, resulting in uneven heat generation. In this embodiment, by adding the radiation layer 24, the excellent thermal conductivity of the radiation layer 24 can effectively improve the uniformity of the heat generated by the heating layer 22, allowing the heat to be conducted more evenly to the glass body, improving the heating effect and resulting in better defogging and defrosting effects.

[0054] The thickness of the radiating layer 24 is 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, specifically, for example, 0.11 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.13 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.16 mm, 0.18 mm, and 0.2 mm. When the thickness of the radiating layer 24 is greater than 0.2 mm, the overall thickness of the heating film 20 is relatively large, which affects the light transmission effect; when the thickness of the radiating layer 24 is less than 0.1 mm, the radiation effect of the radiating layer 24 is significantly reduced, resulting in a significant decrease in heating efficiency.

[0055] Optionally, the radiative layer 24 may be made of carbon nanotube materials, among others.

[0056] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, the heating diaphragm 20 further includes a first adhesive layer 25. The first adhesive layer 25 connects the radiating layer 24 and the heating layer 22. Thus, under the adhesive force of the first adhesive layer 25, the radiating layer 24 and the heating layer 22 are firmly bonded together. Furthermore, due to the presence of the first adhesive layer 25 and the shielding layer 23, the radiating layer 24 can be integrated into the heating diaphragm 20, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the heating diaphragm 20.

[0057] Furthermore, when the heating film 20 is heating, the shielding layer 23 can shield and block the precipitates in the radiation layer 24, the first adhesive layer 25 and the substrate 21. In this way, the amount of precipitates generated when the heating film 20 is working through the shielding layer 23 and discharged into the light shield 12 is further reduced. Consequently, the amount of precipitates, haze change value and fogging value all meet the requirements, and the optical effect can be optimized.

[0058] Optionally, the thickness of the first adhesive layer 25 may include, but is not limited to, 0.002 mm to 0.2 mm, specifically, 0.002 mm, 0.005 mm, 0.01 mm, 0.015 mm, 0.016 mm, 0.018 mm, 0.02 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.15 mm, or 0.2 mm. When the thickness of the first adhesive layer 25 is greater than 0.2 mm, the overall thickness of the heating film 20 is relatively large, which affects the light transmission effect; when the thickness of the first adhesive layer 25 is less than 0.002 mm, the thickness of the first adhesive layer 25 is relatively small, and the bonding performance is reduced.

[0059] Optionally, the first adhesive layer 25 is made of polyurethane adhesive. Polyurethane adhesive produces a lower amount of precipitates when heated, which helps reduce the amount of precipitates produced by the heating diaphragm 20 during heating operation, thereby improving optical performance. More specifically, the first adhesive layer 25 is preferably made of polyurethane adhesive, which produces a lower amount of precipitates when heated, thus further reducing the amount of precipitates produced by the heating diaphragm 20 during heating operation, thereby further optimizing optical performance.

[0060] Based on any of the foregoing embodiments, the thickness of the shielding layer 23 includes, but is not limited to, 0.1mm to 0.3mm, specifically, for example, 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.18mm, 0.2mm, 0.22mm, 0.25mm, or 0.3mm. Thus, the thickness of the shielding layer 23 is appropriate, serving as a supporting structure for the flocked layer 13, providing good adhesion to the flocked layer 13, ensuring product performance, and preventing excessive thickness that could affect light transmission. When the thickness of the shielding layer 23 is greater than 0.3mm, the thickness is too large, increasing the overall thickness of the heating film 20, which in turn affects the light transmission effect. When the thickness of the shielding layer 23 is less than 0.1mm, the thickness is too small, resulting in insufficient strength and weak bonding between the shielding layer 23 and the flocked layer 13, leading to insufficient adhesion and potential detachment of the flocked layer 13, causing the heating film 20 to fail.

[0061] For example, the thickness of the substrate 21 may be, but is not limited to, 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, specifically, 0.05 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.18 mm, or 0.2 mm. This thickness of the substrate 21 is suitable; on the one hand, a larger thickness ensures a stable connection with the support 10 and prevents breakage; on the other hand, a smaller thickness prevents the overall thickness of the heating film 20 from being too large, thus affecting the light-gathering effect. When the thickness of the substrate 21 is greater than 0.2 mm, the substrate 21 is too thick, resulting in a larger heating film 20 and affecting the light-gathering effect; when the thickness of the substrate 21 is less than 0.05 mm, the substrate 21 is too thin, resulting in a smaller heating film 20, leading to reduced stability and increased susceptibility to breakage, failing to meet the requirements for support stability.

[0062] For example, substrate 21 may be made of, but is not limited to, polyester film (PET) material.

[0063] Optionally, the surface tension of the substrate 21 is ≥38 dyne / cm. This higher surface tension of the substrate 21 is beneficial for improving adhesive stability.

[0064] For example, the thickness of the heating layer 22 is, but is not limited to, 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, specifically, 0.05 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.13 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.18 mm, or 0.2 mm. When the thickness of the heating layer 22 is greater than 0.2 mm, the overall thickness of the heating film 20 will increase, thereby affecting the light transmission effect; when the thickness of the heating layer 22 is less than 0.05 mm, the heating wire will be too thin, making it prone to breakage under stress, thus affecting the heating efficiency.

[0065] Among them, the heating layer 22 is an electric heating wire made of copper foil by laser engraving.

[0066] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, the support 10 further includes a second adhesive layer 14, which connects the substrate 21 to the inner wall of the light shield 12. The heating film 20 is fixed to the inner wall of the light shield 12 by adhesive bonding. The second adhesive layer 14 is made of polyurethane adhesive. The second adhesive layer 14 produces a lower amount of precipitates when heated, which helps to reduce the amount of precipitates produced by the heating film 20 during heating operation, thereby improving optical performance. More specifically, the second adhesive layer 14 is preferably made of polyurethane adhesive, which produces a lower amount of precipitates when heated, further reducing the amount of precipitates produced by the heating film 20 during heating operation, thereby further optimizing optical performance.

[0067] To reduce the amount of precipitates generated during heating of the polyurethane adhesive, the second adhesive layer 14 is, for example, a mixture of a main agent and a curing agent. The mass ratio of the main agent to the curing agent in the mixture is 100:5 to 6. The main agent is a water-based polyurethane adhesive. Specifically, the main agent is Swift® Tak 6888. The curing agent includes, but is not limited to, Thermonex® Hardener 003B / 004B / 006B / 008B and Swift® Hardener 9338B. Furthermore, to further reduce the amount of precipitates generated during heating of the heating diaphragm 20, the first adhesive layer 25 may also be made of the same type of polyurethane adhesive as the second adhesive layer 14.

[0068] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the light shield 12 is not provided with a flocked layer 13. A lower diffuse reflectance is achieved by spraying paint onto the inner wall of the light shield 12. In this embodiment, Kérastase paint is preferably used. Of course, various other types of materials can be used, all within the scope of this embodiment, and are not specifically limited here. Kérastase paint can withstand high-temperature baking at 120°C and exhibits low precipitate during heating of the heating film 20. Furthermore, the atomization value of the heating film 20 after operating at 100°C for 16 hours meets the requirement of ≥98%, meaning that the overall performance of the heating film 20 after painting meets the requirements.

[0069] In some embodiments, the flocked layer 13 includes a third adhesive layer 131 and a flock layer 132. The flock layer 132 effectively reduces diffuse reflectance, ensuring that the diffuse reflectance meets requirements. The flock layer 132 is connected to the masking layer 23 via the third adhesive layer 131. The third adhesive layer 131 secures the flock layer 132 to the masking layer 23, resulting in high adhesion of the flock layer 132 to the masking layer 23, reducing the likelihood of shedding, wrinkling, and detachment, and extending its service life.

[0070] Based on the aforementioned embodiments, the thickness of the third adhesive layer 131 is 0.02mm to 0.3mm, specifically, for example, 0.02mm, 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.16mm, 0.18mm, 0.2mm, 0.23mm, 0.26mm, 0.3mm, etc. When the thickness of the third adhesive layer 131 is greater than 0.3mm, the overall thickness of the heating film 20 is relatively large, which affects the light transmission effect; when the thickness of the third adhesive layer 131 is less than 0.02mm, the thickness of the third adhesive layer 131 is relatively small, the adhesive performance is reduced, and the flocked layer 132 is prone to detachment defects.

[0071] Optionally, the third adhesive layer 131 is made of polyurethane adhesive or Kérastase varnish. Polyurethane adhesive produces less precipitate when heated, which helps reduce the amount of precipitate generated by the heating film 20 during heating operation, thus improving optical performance. More specifically, the third adhesive layer 131 is preferably made of polyurethane adhesive, which produces less precipitate when heated, further reducing the amount of precipitate generated by the heating film 20 during heating operation, thereby further optimizing optical performance. Of course, the third adhesive layer 131 can also be made of Kérastase varnish. Kérastase varnish produces less precipitate when heated, which helps reduce the amount of precipitate generated by the heating film 20 during heating operation, thus improving optical performance. Furthermore, Kérastase varnish acts as an adhesive, connecting and fixing the pile layer 132 to the shielding layer 23. The pile layer 132 has high adhesion to the shielding layer 23, is not prone to shedding, wrinkling, or detachment, and has a longer service life. Moreover, Kérastase varnish can achieve low diffuse reflectance, further optimizing optical performance.

[0072] Optionally, the first adhesive layer 25, the second adhesive layer 14, and the third adhesive layer 131 may use the same type of polyurethane adhesive. This simplifies material selection and reduces costs. Furthermore, each of the first adhesive layer 25, the second adhesive layer 14, and the third adhesive layer 131 is a low-exudation electrostatic flocking adhesive, resulting in a lower amount of exudate when heated, thereby improving optical performance. Specifically, each of the first adhesive layer 25, the second adhesive layer 14, and the third adhesive layer 131 satisfies the following condition: after the heating film 20 is bonded to the inner wall of the light shield 12 via the second adhesive layer 14, and the bonding and fixation between the heating film 20 and the flocked layer 132 is achieved via the third adhesive layer 131, the atomization value of the heating film 20 and the flocked layer 132 after working at 100°C for 16 hours meets the requirement of ≥98%, and the overall performance of the product meets the requirements.

[0073] Among them, the model of low-precipitation electrostatic flocking adhesive is Fuyao 1308-06. This model of low-precipitation electrostatic flocking adhesive can withstand high-temperature baking at 120℃, and the amount of precipitated substances is low when heated.

[0074] The length of the fibers in the pile layer 132 includes, but is not limited to, 0.6mm to 1.0mm, specifically, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm or 1.0mm.

[0075] The pile material of the pile layer 132 includes, but is not limited to, PA (polyamide) or PET. Thus, the pile material of the pile layer 132 is a low-extraction material, which improves optical performance.

[0076] For example, the heating film 20 is bonded and fixed to the inner wall of the light shield 12 by the second adhesive layer 14. After the flocked layer 13 is fixed to the heating film 20, the second adhesive layer 14, the heating film 20 and the flocked layer 13 are integrated as a whole and meet the following performance requirements: (1) The amount of precipitate is ≤0.2mg (100℃ / 16H), further ≤0.18mg (100℃ / 16H), and even further ≤0.16mg (100℃ / 16H);

[0077] (2) The haze change value is ≤0.7% (100℃ / 16H), further ≤0.6% (100℃ / 16H), and even further ≤0.5% (100℃ / 16H);

[0078] (3) The atomization value of the atomization method is ≥95% (100℃ / 16H), further ≥96% (100℃ / 16H), and even further ≥98% (100℃ / 16H).

[0079] The following describes the precipitation test and defrosting / defogging test performed on the glass assembly of one embodiment of this application.

[0080] The extracted test data is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] Furthermore, the test data for defrosting and defogging of the glass assembly in this embodiment are as follows:

[0083] Defogging data:

[0084] Idle speed <5min: Under the conditions of ambient temperature of 0±2℃ and power control of heating layer 22 of 75W, the proportion of fog obstruction area in the short focal length FOV area is not higher than 40%, and the proportion in the long focal length FOV area is not higher than 80%;

[0085] Idle speed <10min: Under the conditions of ambient temperature of 0±2℃ and power control of heating layer 22 of 75W, the proportion of fog obstruction area in the short focal length FOV area is not higher than 0%, and the proportion in the long focal length FOV area is not higher than 20%;

[0086] Idle speed <15min: Under the conditions of ambient temperature of 0±2℃ and power control of heating layer 22 of 75W, the proportion of fog obstruction area in both short-focus and long-focus FOV areas is not higher than 0%.

[0087] Defrosting data:

[0088] Under the conditions of ambient temperature of -18℃±2℃ and voltage of 13.5±0.2V, for all camera / laser FOV areas (the FOV area corresponding to the outside of the glass), the 80% division time is ≤13min and the 100% division time is ≤20min.

[0089] It is evident that the defogging and defrosting functions meet the requirements.

[0090] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0091] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A heating diaphragm, characterized in that, The heating film is used to connect to the light shield of the bracket, and the heating film includes: A substrate, one side of which is used to connect to the light shield; A heating layer, the heating layer being connected to the other side of the substrate; and A shielding layer is attached to the heating layer on the side away from the substrate. The side of the shielding layer away from the heating layer is used to apply a flocking layer or paint. The shielding layer is made of PC material.

2. The heating diaphragm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating film also includes a radiation layer, which is connected between the heating layer and the shielding layer.

3. The heating diaphragm according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the radiating layer is 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm; and / or the radiating layer is made of carbon nanotube material.

4. The heating diaphragm according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heating film further includes a first adhesive layer, which is connected between the radiating layer and the heating layer.

5. The heating diaphragm according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thickness of the first adhesive layer is 0.002 mm to 0.2 mm; and / or, the first adhesive layer is polyurethane adhesive.

6. The heating diaphragm according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the shielding layer is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.

7. The heating diaphragm according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the substrate is 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm; and / or the substrate is made of PET material.

8. The heating diaphragm according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the heating layer is 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm; and / or, the heating layer includes an electric heating wire.

9. A stent, characterized in that, include: The light shield and the heating film as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the heating film is connected to the inner wall of the light shield; the bracket further includes a flocked layer or paint; the flocked layer or the paint is disposed on the inner wall of the light shield and covers the heating film.

10. The stent according to claim 9, characterized in that, The bracket further includes a second adhesive layer, which is connected between the substrate and the inner wall of the light shield. The second adhesive layer is polyurethane adhesive.

11. The stent according to claim 10, characterized in that, The material of the second adhesive layer is a mixture of a main agent and a curing agent; the mass ratio of the main agent to the curing agent in the mixture is 100:5-6; the main agent is a water-based polyurethane adhesive.

12. The stent according to claim 9, characterized in that, The flocked layer includes a third adhesive layer and a flock layer, and the flock layer is connected to the masking layer through the third adhesive layer.

13. The stent according to claim 12, characterized in that, The thickness of the third adhesive layer is 0.02 mm to 0.3 mm; and / or, the third adhesive layer is polyurethane adhesive or Kempinski paint.

14. The stent according to claim 12, characterized in that, The pile length of the pile layer is 0.6mm to 1.0mm; and / or, the pile material of the pile layer is PA or PET.

15. A glass assembly, characterized in that, The bracket as described in any one of claims 9 to 14 further includes a glass body and an optical sensor, wherein the light shield is disposed on the glass body and the optical sensor is mounted on the bracket.

16. A means of transportation, characterized in that, Includes the glass assembly as described in claim 15.

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