Key technology research of wide-bandwidth pneumatic switchable electromagnetic shielding transparent glass

Abstract

The application relates to key technology research of a wide-band gas-controlled switchable electromagnetic shielding transparent glass, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic regulation and shielding. The glass comprises a bearing structure, a metasurface functional film group, a gas path driving unit and a control unit; the bearing structure comprises a transparent bearing base body and / or a window frame, and the metasurface functional film group is arranged on the bearing structure. Two pieces of flexible transparent electromagnetic metasurface films are oppositely arranged and each comprises a PET flexible transparent base and a patterned ITO transparent conductive layer, and the edges are sealed to form a closed air cavity. Air suction makes the two films adhere to each other and form a continuous equivalent conductive surface, thereby presenting a wide-band electromagnetic reflection shielding state; air inflation makes the two films separate and the conductive structures discrete, thereby presenting a wide-band electromagnetic transmission state. The application is suitable for aerospace transparent electromagnetic protection and information security anti-eavesdropping scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic control and shielding technology, specifically relating to a wide-band air-controlled switchable electromagnetic shielding transparent glass. Background Technology

[0002] Wideband switchable electromagnetic shielding technology is a core support for modern electromagnetic protection, information security and aerospace electromagnetic control. It is widely used in scenarios such as airborne radomes, transparent optical windows and anti-eavesdropping in confidential spaces. It has important advantages such as dynamic switching, wideband adaptability, high reliability and optical transparency. It is an important means to ensure the electromagnetic compatibility and information security of equipment.

[0003] Traditional switchable electromagnetic shielding structures are mostly based on active frequency selective surfaces (AFSS), reconfigurable metasurfaces (RIS), and liquid crystal tunable devices. They generally rely on active devices such as PIN diodes and varactor diodes, or achieve state switching through complex electronic and temperature control methods. These solutions have inherent drawbacks such as complex structure, high power consumption, poor optical transparency, and weak resistance to high-power electromagnetic interference. Moreover, they mostly operate in narrowband resonant modes, making it difficult to maintain stable reflection shielding / transmission switching performance over a wide frequency range.

[0004] Transparent electromagnetic shielding glass, as a functional material that balances optical transparency and electromagnetic protection, has become a necessity in scenarios such as classified spaces, aerospace avionics, and automotive displays. However, existing transparent shielding glasses generally suffer from problems such as fixed functions, lack of switchability, and poor broadband performance. Rigid substrates and dynamically adjustable structures are difficult to integrate, making it impossible to achieve wide-band, fast, and stable switching between electromagnetic reflection shielding and transmission states while maintaining high visible light transmittance.

[0005] While traditional electrically reconfigurable metasurfaces offer certain advantages in electromagnetic control, they struggle to simultaneously achieve key performance indicators such as wideband response, optical transparency, low power consumption, interference resistance, and structural simplicity. Active control methods are susceptible to damage from strong electromagnetic interference, and narrowband resonant mechanisms limit full-band protection capabilities. Therefore, constructing a wideband, non-resonant, switchable transparent electromagnetic shielding system while maintaining high optical transparency, and achieving efficient and reversible switching between reflection and transmission shielding states, has become a pressing technical challenge in the field of dynamic electromagnetic protection. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention proposes a novel air-driven reconfigurable metasurface transparent glass system, breaking through the technical bottlenecks of traditional transparent electromagnetic shielding functions being fixed and having narrow frequency band coverage, and providing a new principle and implementation approach for dynamic electromagnetic protection and intelligent wave transmission.

[0007] This invention constructs a synergistic control mechanism for gas-controlled deformation and broadband electromagnetic response, achieving a synergistic improvement in visible light transmittance and wide-band switchable shielding performance, thus solving the problem of integrating and adapting rigid transparent substrates with dynamic metasurfaces.

[0008] The key points of this invention are as follows:

[0009] 1. Core Structural Innovation: The wide-band gas-controlled switchable electromagnetic shielding transparent glass consists of a supporting structure, a metasurface functional film assembly, a gas path drive unit, and a control unit. The supporting structure includes a transparent supporting substrate and / or a window frame, with the metasurface functional film assembly mounted on it. Dual-film bonding and separation are achieved through a pumping / filling state switching mechanism, and a sealed, controllable gas cavity structure is formed through edge thermo-pressing encapsulation. This completes the switching between electromagnetic reflection shielding and transmission states. It eliminates the need for active semiconductor devices and complex bias circuits for electromagnetic control, resulting in a simple structure that is easy to manufacture.

[0010] 2. Wideband Reflection Shielding / Transmission Performance: The patterned ITO transparent conductive structure is adapted to the operating wavelength. When the two films are laminated, they form a continuous conductive surface, exhibiting a wideband electromagnetic reflection shielding state. When the two films are separated, the conductive pattern becomes discrete, exhibiting a wideband electromagnetic transmission state and possessing stable switching performance. Simultaneously, the patterned ITO transparent conductive structures on the two metasurface films are spatially arranged in a staggered manner to enhance the conductive continuity in the laminated state and the electromagnetic dispersion characteristics in the separated state.

[0011] 3. High transparency and low power consumption design: The flexible transparent electromagnetic metasurface film adopts a PET flexible transparent substrate to ensure that the overall glass has good light transmittance and can be used in scenarios such as optical windows, light-transmitting windows, and transparent protective panels; the state switching is achieved only through air path drive, with low drive power consumption, fast response, and suitable for long-term stable operation.

[0012] 4. Multi-field application: This glass can be used in both aerospace electromagnetic protection and information security anti-eavesdropping fields. In the aerospace field, it can be made into a conformal transparent structure to fit antenna radomes, optical windows, skin windows, etc., meeting the needs of wide-band electromagnetic protection and optical observation. In the information security field, it can be made into a transparent shielding plate for use in secure conference rooms and the protection of classified equipment. It can be flexibly switched between shielding and leakage prevention and normal communication and lighting through a one-button air-driven mechanism. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 : A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the wideband air-controlled switchable electromagnetic shielded transparent glass of the present invention, wherein the supporting structure is not shown;

[0014] Figure 2 Simulation diagrams of electromagnetic reflection / transmission in the double-film bonding state and the double-film separation state of this invention;

[0015] Figure 3 : A layered structure diagram of the metasurface unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 4 : Schematic diagram of metasurface array in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 5 : Schematic diagram of the conductive pattern misalignment arrangement structure in the double-film bonding state and the double-film separation state of the present invention;

[0018] 1. Metasurface functional membrane modules;

[0019] 2. Patterned ITO transparent conductive structure;

[0020] 3. Trachea;

[0021] 4. Air pump;

[0022] 5. Control unit;

[0023] 6. ITO transparent conductive layer;

[0024] 7. Flexible transparent PET substrate;

[0025] 8. Periodic square structural unit;

[0026] 9. Air gap. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments. The present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following embodiments.

[0028] Example 1: Wideband air-controlled switchable electromagnetic shielding transparent glass

[0029] The wideband gas-controlled switchable electromagnetic shielded transparent glass of this embodiment includes: a load-bearing structure, a metasurface functional film group, a gas path drive unit, and a control unit.

[0030] The supporting structure includes a transparent supporting substrate and / or a window frame, on which the metasurface functional membrane assembly is mounted and fixed. The transparent supporting substrate can be a glass substrate, a transparent resin board, or a transparent composite board, used to provide support and protection for the metasurface functional membrane assembly; the window frame is used for peripheral fixation and installation of the metasurface functional membrane assembly. The supporting structure does not participate in the bonding and separation of the two flexible transparent electromagnetic metasurface membranes and does not change the gas-controlled switching principle. Figure 1 The load-bearing structure is not shown.

[0031] The metasurface functional film assembly consists of two flexible transparent electromagnetic metasurface films. Each flexible transparent electromagnetic metasurface film is composed of a 100 μm thick PET flexible transparent substrate and an ITO transparent conductive layer formed on its inner surface. The ITO transparent conductive layer 6 is patterned to form a patterned ITO transparent conductive structure 2, which includes periodically arranged square conductive units. The side length a of the square conductive unit is 0.7 mm, the arrangement period p in two mutually perpendicular directions is 0.8 mm, and the edge gap g between adjacent square conductive units is 0.1 mm, i.e., g = pa. The thickness of the ITO transparent conductive layer is 3 μm. The two flexible transparent electromagnetic metasurface films can achieve tight bonding and stable separation under air pressure. The air-driven unit includes an air pump and an air tube. The air pump is connected to the sealed air cavity formed between the two membranes through the air tube. It has a rapid inflation / deflation response and can control the bonding and separation of the two membranes, realizing reliable switching between reflection shielding and transmission states. The membrane edges are encapsulated by a thermo-pressing integrated process to improve the airtightness and structural stability of the air cavity. The two membranes achieve reversible bonding and separation under inflation / deflation drive, where g represents the edge gap between adjacent square conductive units on the same membrane surface. The control unit is electrically connected to the air pump and is used to drive and control the air pump and execute automatic switching between reflection shielding and transmission states. It can also preset the working cycle to form a stable and controllable dynamic electromagnetic control sequence.

[0032] In this embodiment, when the glass is in the degassing and bonding state, the two films are in close contact, and the conductive structures are interconnected to form a continuous equivalent conductive surface, exhibiting a broadband electromagnetic reflection shielding state; when the glass is in the gas-filled and separating state, the two films are separated from each other, and the conductive structures are discretely distributed, exhibiting a broadband electromagnetic transmission state; the overall high optical transparency characteristics are maintained, which can simultaneously meet the needs of optical observation and spatial lighting; the thermo-pressed integrated packaging structure helps to improve airtightness and structural stability, and the overall thickness is light and easy to process.

[0033] Example 2: Application of Transparent Electromagnetic Protection in Aerospace Scenarios

[0034] This embodiment applies wide-band, aerodynamically controllable, switchable electromagnetic shielding transparent glass to components such as radomes, optical windows, and conformal transparent skins in aerospace equipment, achieving wide-band, transparent, and switchable electromagnetic protection. The glass is thin overall, without altering the aerodynamic shape of the equipment; its high light transmittance does not affect the normal operation of optical, infrared, and other sensors.

[0035] When the equipment is operating normally, the system is in an inflatable transmission state, with the two membranes separated, allowing electromagnetic signals to be transmitted and ensuring normal signal transmission and reception for radar, communication, and detection equipment. When entering a high-threat electromagnetic environment or requiring stealth protection, the system switches to an evacuated shielding state, where the two membranes are tightly bonded to form a continuous conductive reflective surface, achieving reflective shielding against wide-band radar and detection signals. This glass adopts a gas-driven control mechanism and does not contain active semiconductor devices such as PIN diodes, reducing the risk of active semiconductor device failure in high-power electromagnetic environments. The thermo-pressed integrated packaging structure can withstand harsh conditions such as high altitude and low pressure, wide temperature variation, and strong vibration, exhibiting excellent airtightness and switching stability. It can achieve large-area conformal deployment and is suitable for the engineering requirements of high reliability, lightweight, and wide-band electromagnetic protection in the aerospace field.

[0036] Example 3: Application of Transparent Shielding for Information Security and Eavesdropping Prevention

[0037] This embodiment is a highly transparent electromagnetic shielding window, designed for scenarios such as classified locations, secure conference rooms, and core office areas, providing an integrated solution that combines visible light transparency with broadband electromagnetic protection. This transparent shielding glass uses a gas-driven reconfigurable metasurface as its core functional layer, employs a flexible transparent PET substrate, and has its edges encapsulated using a thermo-pressing integrated process to form a controllable air cavity structure with excellent airtightness. This provides a stable structural foundation for the reversible switching between gas-driven transmission and reflection states.

[0038] This embodiment relies on a gas-driven deformation-induced electromagnetic transmission-reflection coordinated switching mechanism to achieve rapid and reliable switching between shielding protection mode (reflection shielding state) and normal transmission mode (transmission state):

[0039] When entering the shielding protection mode, the control unit drives the air circuit system to perform air extraction. The two flexible transparent electromagnetic metasurface films are tightly bonded together under the action of air pressure difference. The patterned ITO transparent conductive structure contacts each other and forms a continuous equivalent conductive surface, presenting a broadband electromagnetic reflection shielding state. This can suppress the leakage of indoor wireless communication, radio frequency voice and electromagnetic radiation signals, while suppressing the penetration of external eavesdropping and detection signals, thus improving the electromagnetic information security protection capability.

[0040] When exiting the shielding protection mode, the control unit drives the air circuit system to perform an inflation operation. The two flexible transparent electromagnetic metasurface films are stably separated under air pressure. The conductive structure is discretely distributed, exhibiting a wideband electromagnetic transmission state, which can ensure the normal operation of wireless communication devices working in the transmitted radio frequency band. At the same time, the glass maintains optical transparency, meeting the requirements of indoor natural lighting and visual transparency, and achieving compatibility between information security protection, daily lighting and electromagnetic communication.

[0041] This transparent shielding glass adopts a pneumatic drive control method, without active semiconductor devices and complex bias circuits. The control logic is simple, supports one-button state switching, and can quickly respond to sudden protection needs in confidential scenarios. It can be adapted to 220V conventional mains power supply, has low operating energy consumption, requires no professional maintenance, and has high reliability and engineering practicality. It can meet the normalized, high-reliability electromagnetic safety protection needs of classified units.

Claims

1. A wideband, air-controlled, switchable electromagnetic shielding transparent glass, characterized in that, The device is composed of a support structure, a metasurface functional membrane assembly, an airflow drive unit, and a control unit. The support structure includes a transparent support substrate and / or a window frame, and the metasurface functional membrane assembly is disposed on the support structure. The metasurface functional membrane assembly includes two flexible transparent electromagnetic metasurface membranes, which are arranged opposite each other and formed into a sealed and controllable air cavity by edge hot-pressing. The airflow drive unit includes an air pump and an air pipe, and the control unit is electrically connected to the air pump for driving and controlling the air pump and performing state switching. The inner surfaces of the two flexible transparent electromagnetic metasurface membranes are provided with patterned ITO transparent conductive structures, and the patterned ITO transparent conductive structures on the two membranes are spatially arranged in a staggered manner. The air path drive unit is used to switch between the air extraction state and the air filling state, so as to change the air pressure in the sealed air chamber, thereby driving the two flexible transparent electromagnetic metasurface films to undergo reversible deformation, so that the two films can be reversibly switched between the attached state and the separated state. In the degassing state (adhesive state), the two films are bonded together, forming a continuous equivalent conductive surface for the patterned ITO transparent conductive structure, thus achieving electromagnetic shielding; in the inflated state (separated state), the two films are separated, making the patterned ITO transparent conductive structure discrete and non-connected, thus achieving electromagnetic wave transmission.

2. The wideband gas-controlled switchable electromagnetic shielding transparent glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible transparent electromagnetic metasurface film includes a PET flexible transparent substrate and an ITO transparent conductive layer formed on the inner surface of the PET flexible transparent substrate, wherein the thickness of the PET flexible transparent substrate is 100 μm.

3. The wideband gas-controlled switchable electromagnetic shielding transparent glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ITO transparent conductive layer is patterned into periodically arranged square conductive units. The square conductive units have a side length of 0.7 mm, an arrangement period of 0.8 mm in two mutually perpendicular directions, an edge gap of 0.1 mm between adjacent square conductive units, and a thickness of 3 μm.

4. The wideband gas-controlled switchable electromagnetic shielding transparent glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air circuit drive unit switches between inflation and deflation states by switching between positive and negative pressure.

5. The wideband gas-controlled switchable electromagnetic shielding transparent glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, Patterned ITO transparent conductive structures on two flexible transparent electromagnetic metasurface films are staggered along the film surface direction; in the bonded state, the patterned ITO transparent conductive structures are in contact with each other and form a continuous equivalent conductive surface to achieve broadband electromagnetic reflection shielding; in the separated state, the patterned ITO transparent conductive structures are separated from each other and are in a discrete non-connected state to achieve broadband electromagnetic transmission.

6. The wideband gas-controlled switchable electromagnetic shielding transparent glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent support substrate is a glass substrate, a transparent resin board, or a transparent composite board.

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