Printed matter, display device, and method for manufacturing printed matter

Abstract

The printed matter (2) is a printed matter (2) having at least a light-transmissive base material (4) and a design printed layer (5), wherein the design printed layer (5) is provided on one face side of the light-transmissive base material (4) and includes a pattern layer (10, 20) composed of a plurality of dots, each of the plurality of dots includes a binder and a plurality of pigment flakes dispersed in the binder, the plurality of pigment flakes are interference pigments, the a value and the b value of reflected light from an arbitrary measurement site of the printed matter (2) are measured in a range of a light receiving angle of 0 to 30 deg, and a graph is created, in this case, a first graph of the a value has a mountain-shaped peak, and a second graph of the b value has a mountain-shaped peak.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to printed matter, display devices, and methods for manufacturing printed matter. Background Technology

[0002] In the past, as decorations for walls and other surfaces, printed materials were used to create wood grain patterns or abstract designs on substrates such as paper or film. In such cases, the wood grain or abstract designs printed as part of the design are visually recognizable. However, depending on the usage scenario, such as displaying a switch button when necessary, it is sometimes required that the visually recognizable pattern change depending on whether a light source from behind is used.

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a printing technique in which a light source is provided under the printed layer, allowing visual recognition of the pattern of reflected light based on the RGB interference pigment printed layer without illuminating the light source, and allowing visual recognition of the pattern of transmitted light based on the CMY printed layer when the light source is illuminated. Furthermore, Patent Document 2 discloses a decorative sheet technique that has two patterns using interference pigments, allowing visual recognition of the patterns when the image on the back side is not displayed, and allowing visual recognition of the image when the image on the back side is displayed.

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Patent documents

[0006] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2015-120304

[0007] Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2021-178431 Summary of the Invention

[0008] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0009] In this context, there is a need to improve the quality of printed materials where the pattern on the front side can be visually recognized without the back light source being illuminated, and where the content displayed by the back light source can be visually recognized through the pattern.

[0010] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a printed matter, a display device, and a method for manufacturing the printed matter, which can improve the quality of the pattern in a printed matter in which the pattern can be visually recognized without the backlight being lit, and the display content of the backlight can be visually recognized through the pattern when the backlight is lit.

[0011] Solution for solving the problem

[0012] [1] The printed matter disclosed herein is a printed matter having at least a light-transmitting substrate and a pattern printing layer. The pattern printing layer is disposed on one side of the light-transmitting substrate and includes a pattern layer composed of multiple dots. Each of the multiple dots includes an adhesive and multiple pigment flakes dispersed inside the adhesive. The multiple pigment flakes are interference pigments. The a-value and b-value of reflected light from any measurement location of the printed matter are measured in the range of light reception angle from 0 to 30 degrees and a curve is generated. In this case, the first curve of the a-value has a mountain-shaped peak and the second curve of the b-value has a mountain-shaped peak.

[0013] A pattern printing layer is disposed on one side of a light-transmitting substrate and includes a pattern layer composed of multiple dots. Each dot contains a binder and multiple pigment flakes dispersed within the binder. The pigment flakes are interference pigments. In this case, the pattern printing layer can conceal the presence of the light source through the pattern when the light source is off. Therefore, the pattern of the pattern printing layer is displayed on the printed matter. On the other hand, when the light source is lit, the pattern printing layer allows light from the light source to pass through. In summary, the pattern on the surface can be visually identified when the light source from the back is not lit, and the content displayed by the light source can be visually identified through the pattern when the light source from the back is lit. Here, the a-value and b-value of the reflected light from any measurement point on the printed matter are measured within a light reception angle range of 0 to 30 degrees and a curve is generated. In this case, the first curve of the a-value has a mountain-shaped peak, and the second curve of the b-value has a mountain-shaped peak. In this case, compared with inkjet printing, the color is easily identified even when viewed from an angle of direct reflection away from the light source. In summary, this can improve the quality of the drawings.

[0014] [2] In the printed material of [1] above, a first approximation line may be set for the range from 0° to the peak of the first curve, and a second approximation line may be set for the range from the peak to 30°. In this case, the absolute value of the slope of the second approximation line is greater than the absolute value of the slope of the first approximation line. A third approximation line may be set for the range from 0° to the peak of the second curve, and a fourth approximation line may be set for the range from the peak to 30°. In this case, the absolute value of the slope of the fourth approximation line is greater than the absolute value of the slope of the third approximation line.

[0015] [3] In the printed materials described in [1] or [2] above, it is also possible to set any unit measurement interval for the printed material, and within the unit measurement interval, designate the area with the most concentrated color as the dense part. For the dense part, a first approximate line is set for the range from 0 degrees to the peak of the first curve, a second approximate line is set for the range from the peak to 30 degrees, a third approximate line is set for the range from 0 degrees to the peak of the second curve, and a fourth approximate line is set for the range from the peak to 30 degrees. The slope of the first approximate line is 0.13 or higher, and the slope of the third approximate line is 0.14 or higher. In this case, a pattern can be produced within the concentration range where the peak clearly appears.

[0016] [4] In any of the printed materials described in [1] to [3] above, it is also possible to set any unit measurement interval for the printed material, and within the unit measurement interval, designate the part with the most concentrated color as the dense part. For the dense part, a first approximate line is set for the range from 0 degrees to the peak of the first curve, a second approximate line is set for the range from the peak to 30 degrees, a third approximate line is set for the range from 0 degrees to the peak of the second curve, and a fourth approximate line is set for the range from the peak to 30 degrees. The absolute value of the slope of the second approximate line is 0.23 or more, and the absolute value of the slope of the fourth approximate line is 0.34 or more. In this case, a pattern can be produced within the concentration range where the peak clearly appears.

[0017] [5] The printed matter disclosed herein is a printed matter having at least a light-transmitting substrate and a pattern printing layer. The pattern printing layer is disposed on one side of the light-transmitting substrate and includes a pattern layer composed of multiple dots. Each of the multiple dots includes an adhesive and multiple pigment flakes dispersed within the adhesive. An arbitrary unit measurement interval is set for the printed matter. Multiple arbitrary measurement sites with different color concentrations are set in the unit measurement interval. The brightness of reflected light from the multiple measurement sites is measured in the range of light reception angle from 0 to 20 degrees and a curve is generated. In this case, the brightness of each measurement site at 20 degrees increases as the color at the measurement site becomes more concentrated.

[0018] A pattern printing layer is disposed on one side of a light-transmitting substrate and includes a pattern layer composed of multiple dots. Each dot contains an adhesive and multiple pigment flakes dispersed within the adhesive. The pigment flakes are interference pigments. In this case, the pattern printing layer can conceal the presence of the light source through the pattern when the light source is off. Therefore, the pattern of the pattern printing layer is displayed on the printed material. On the other hand, when the light source is on, the pattern printing layer allows light from the light source to pass through. In summary, the pattern on the surface can be visually recognized when the light source from the back is not illuminated, and the content displayed by the light source can be visually recognized through the pattern when the light source from the back is illuminated. Here, an arbitrary unit measurement range is set for the printed material, and multiple arbitrary measurement points with different color intensities are set within the unit measurement range. The brightness of the reflected light from the multiple measurement points is measured within a light reception angle range of 0 to 20 degrees, and a curve is generated. In this case, the brightness of each measurement point at 20 degrees increases as the color at the measurement point becomes more concentrated. In this case, it is easier to control the relationship between color density and brightness during printing, thus allowing for the consideration of this relationship to produce high-quality images. In summary, this improves the quality of the images.

[0019] [6] In the printed material described in [5] above, it is also possible to designate the areas with the most concentrated color as dense areas and the areas with the lightest color as sparse areas within a unit measurement interval, to create a curve for the dense areas and set a first slope relative to the curve, and to create a curve for the sparse areas and set a second slope relative to the curve. In this case, the value of "first slope / second slope" is 1.7 or higher. In this case, printing can be performed within a concentration range that allows for easy control of the relationship between color concentration and brightness during printing, and the concentration of the pigment used can be within a certain range. Thus, by allowing for a wide range of concentration, the expressiveness of the image can be improved.

[0020] [7] Alternatively, the printed matter of any one of [1] to [6] above may also have a white pattern layer, which is disposed on the pattern printing layer and is composed of a plurality of silver dots, each of which contains a silver binder and a plurality of silver pigment flakes dispersed within the silver binder. In this case, the color development of the first color pattern layer and the second color pattern layer is excellent, and the pattern printing layer can have a pattern that gives a white impression.

[0021] [8] In any of the printed materials described in [1] to [7] above, a transmissive smoke printing layer may also be provided, which is disposed on the outermost surface opposite to the light-transmitting substrate relative to the pattern printing layer. In this case, the color rendering properties of the first color pattern layer and the second color pattern layer are superior. Moreover, since the transmissive smoke printing layer is transmissive, the decrease in visual recognizability of the image on the display device can be effectively suppressed.

[0022] [9] In any of the printed materials described in [1] to [8] above, the pattern layer may also include: a first color pattern layer disposed on one side of a light-transmitting substrate, consisting of a plurality of first color dots; and a second color pattern layer disposed on the first color pattern layer, consisting of a plurality of second color dots, each of the first color dots comprising a first color binder and a plurality of first color pigment flakes dispersed within the first color binder, each of the second color dots comprising a second color binder and a plurality of second color pigment flakes dispersed within the second color binder, either of the first color pigment flakes or the second color pigment flakes comprising multiple colors of interference pigments that are different from each other when the interference light is reflected, and the other of the first color pigment flakes or the second color pigment flakes comprising an interference pigment that is different from the mixed color of the interference pigments of multiple colors contained in either of the first color pigment flakes, and the interference light is mixed additively. Since either the first-color pattern layer or the second-color pattern layer contains interference pigments of multiple colors that generate mutually different interference light, a three-dimensional pattern can be achieved even with a relatively small number of printing layers. Furthermore, because the pattern layer containing interference pigments that generate multiple interference lights can be either the first-color pattern layer or the second-color pattern layer, color mixing and registration operations during printing can be simplified. Therefore, according to this printed material, a three-dimensional pattern can be represented even with a relatively small number of printing layers, and color mixing and registration operations during printing can be simplified.

[0023]

[10] In any of the printed materials described in [1] to [9] above, the pattern layer may also include: a first color pattern layer disposed on one side of a translucent substrate, comprising a plurality of first color dots; and a second color pattern layer disposed on the first color pattern layer, comprising a plurality of second color dots, each of the first color dots comprising a first color binder and a plurality of first color pigment flakes dispersed within the first color binder, each of the second color dots comprising a second color binder and a plurality of second color pigment flakes dispersed within the second color binder, wherein the plurality of first color pigment flakes are first interference pigments that generate monochromatic first interference light, and the plurality of second color pigment flakes are second interference pigments that generate monochromatic second interference light with a color different from that presented by the first interference pigments, and the first interference light and the second interference light are mixed additively. For example, for patterns that can be represented with fewer colors, by limiting the interference pigments contained in the first color pattern layer and the second color pattern layer to monochromatic, the pattern can be represented using only the intensity of the monochromatic color. In this way, color mixing and registration operations during printing can be simplified. Therefore, this printed material simplifies color matching and plate registration during printing.

[0024]

[11] In any of the printed materials described in [1] to

[10] above, the pattern layer may also include: a first color pattern layer disposed on one side of a light-transmitting substrate, which is composed of a plurality of first color dots; and a second color pattern layer disposed on the first color pattern layer, which is composed of a plurality of second color dots, each of the first color dots comprising a first color binder and a plurality of first color pigment flakes dispersed within the first color binder, each of the second color dots comprising a second color binder and a plurality of second color pigment flakes dispersed within the second color binder, wherein either of the plurality of first color pigment flakes and the plurality of second color pigment flakes is a first interference pigment that generates a plurality of colors of first interference light that are different from each other, and the other of the plurality of first color pigment flakes and the plurality of second color pigment flakes is a second interference pigment that generates a monochromatic second interference light that is the same color as any one of the plurality of first interference pigments, and the plurality of first interference lights and the second interference lights are mixed additively. Since either the first color pattern layer or the second color pattern layer contains interference pigments of multiple colors that generate different interference lights, a three-dimensional pattern representation can be achieved even with a small number of printing layers. Furthermore, in this printed material, since the pattern layer containing interference pigments that generate multiple interference lights can be either the first color pattern layer or the second color pattern layer, color matching and registration operations during printing can be simplified. On the other hand, the other of the first color pattern layer and the second color pattern layer contains a second interference pigment that generates a monochromatic second interference light of the same color as any of the multiple first interference pigments. For example, for patterns that can be represented with fewer colors, by limiting the second interference pigment to a monochromatic color that is the same as the first interference pigment, the intensity of the monochromatic color can be used to represent the pattern. Moreover, when it is desired to emphasize a particular color, it is easier to adjust that color by using both the first color pattern layer and the second color pattern layer compared to adjusting it using only one color pattern layer. Furthermore, if too much interference pigment is added to a single color pattern layer, the strength of the coating will decrease, but by using two color pattern layers, the decrease in strength can be suppressed. In summary, it simplifies color matching and plate registration during printing.

[0025]

[12] In one aspect, the display device of this disclosure includes the printed matter and display device described in [1] to

[11] above.

[0026] In the display device described above

[12] , the same function / effect as the printed materials described above [1] and [5] can be obtained.

[0027]

[13] In one aspect, in the method for manufacturing printed matter disclosed herein, the printed matter comprises at least a light-transmitting substrate and a pattern printing layer, the pattern printing layer being disposed on one side of the light-transmitting substrate and comprising a pattern layer composed of a plurality of dots, each of the plurality of dots comprising an adhesive and a plurality of pigment flakes dispersed within the adhesive, the plurality of pigment flakes being interference pigments, the manufacturing method printing the pattern printing layer in such a way that the a value and b value of reflected light from any measurement location of the printed matter are measured within a light reception angle range of 0 to 30 degrees and a curve is generated, in which case the first curve of the a value has a mountain-shaped peak and the second curve of the b value has a mountain-shaped peak.

[0028] In the manufacturing method of the printed matter described in

[13] above, the same function / effect as the printed matter described in [1] above can be obtained.

[0029]

[14] In one aspect, in the method for manufacturing printed matter disclosed herein, the printed matter has at least a light-transmitting substrate and a pattern printing layer. The pattern printing layer is disposed on one side of the light-transmitting substrate and includes a pattern layer composed of multiple dots. Each of the multiple dots includes an adhesive and multiple pigment flakes dispersed within the adhesive. The multiple pigment flakes are interference pigments. The manufacturing method prints the pattern printing layer in the following manner: an arbitrary unit measurement interval is set for the printed matter, multiple arbitrary measurement sites with different color concentrations are set in the unit measurement interval, and the brightness of reflected light from the multiple measurement sites is measured in the range of light reception angle from 0 to 20 degrees and a curve is generated. In this case, the brightness of each measurement site at 20 degrees increases as the color at the measurement site becomes more concentrated.

[0030] In the manufacturing method of the printed matter described in

[14] above, the same function / effect as that of the printed matter described in [5] above can be obtained.

[0031] Invention Effects

[0032] According to this disclosure, a printed matter, a display device, and a method for manufacturing the printed matter can be provided, which can improve the quality of the pattern in a printed matter in which the pattern can be visually recognized when the light source from the back is not lit, and the display content of the light source can be visually recognized through the pattern when the light source from the back is lit. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a display device schematically representing example 1-1.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic representation Figure 1 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the printed pattern layer of the display device.

[0035] Figure 3This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a printed material representing examples 1-2.

[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic representation Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the white patterned layer of the printed material shown.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the printed material representing examples 1-3.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the printed material representing examples 1-4.

[0039] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the pattern printing layer of the display device in example 2-1.

[0040] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the composition of the printed materials in Experiment Examples 1-3.

[0041] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the pattern printing layer of the display device in example 3-1.

[0042] Figure 10 (a) is a schematic diagram showing the combination of colors in the printed layers of the pattern. Figure 10 (b) is a schematic diagram showing the combination of colors of the pattern printing layer in the embodiment used for comparison.

[0043] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific example of the combination of colors in the printed layers of a pattern.

[0044] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the pattern printing layer of the display device in example 4-1.

[0045] Figure 13 (a) is a schematic diagram showing the combination of colors in the printed layers of the pattern. Figure 13 (b) is a schematic diagram showing the combination of colors of the pattern printing layer in the embodiment used for comparison.

[0046] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific example of the combination of colors in the printed layers of a pattern.

[0047] Figure 15 (a) is a diagram showing the light source covered by the printed material as viewed from the surface when the power supply to light source 3 is disconnected. Figure 15 (b) is a diagram of the light source covered by the printed material as viewed from the surface when the power of the light source 3 is turned on.

[0048] Figure 16This is a diagram showing the sample used in the experiment.

[0049] Figure 17 This diagram illustrates the angles used in the experiment.

[0050] Figure 18 It is a * b * Chromatography diagram.

[0051] Figure 19 It is a graph representing the experimental measurement results.

[0052] Figure 20 It is a graph representing the experimental measurement results.

[0053] Figure 21 It is a graph representing the experimental measurement results.

[0054] Figure 22 It is a graph representing the experimental measurement results.

[0055] Figure 23 It is a graph representing the experimental measurement results.

[0056] Figure 24 It is a graph representing the experimental measurement results.

[0057] Figure 25 It is a graph representing the experimental measurement results.

[0058] Figure 26 It is a graph representing the experimental measurement results.

[0059] Figure 27 It is a graph representing the experimental measurement results.

[0060] Figure 28 It is a graph representing the experimental measurement results.

[0061] Figure 29 It is a graph representing the experimental measurement results.

[0062] Figure 30 It is a graph representing the experimental measurement results.

[0063] Figure 31 It is a table representing the slopes of various approximate lines.

[0064] Figure 32 It is a graph used to illustrate the method of calculating slope.

[0065] Figure 33 It is a chart that shows the slope of each approximate line.

[0066] Figure 34It is a chart that shows the slope of each approximate line.

[0067] Figure 35 It is a chart used to illustrate the method of calculating slope.

[0068] Figure 36 It is a chart that shows the slope of each approximate line.

[0069] Figure 37 It is a chart that shows the slope of each approximate line.

[0070] Figure 38 It is a chart that shows the slope of each approximate line.

[0071] Figure 39 This is a diagram representing an example of a pattern.

[0072] Figure 40 It is a diagram used to illustrate the measurement site.

[0073] Figure 41 This is a side view showing an example of a printed article. Detailed Implementation

[0074] Hereinafter, specific examples of printed materials and display devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the present disclosure is not limited to these examples, but is illustrated by the claims, which are intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims. In the following description, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same elements in the description of the drawings, and repeated descriptions are omitted.

[0075] [Regarding printed materials]

[0076] First, refer to Figures 1 to 15 An example of the printed material used in this embodiment will be described. However, refer to... Figures 1 to 15 The description is merely an example of what kind of printed matter can be used in this disclosure. Therefore, with reference to Figures 1 to 15 The layer structures of printed materials illustrated in the description are not limited to the layer structures of printed materials used in this disclosure. It should be noted that, for the purpose of describing printed materials, [the following is an explanation of the layer structures used in this disclosure]. Figure 1 The image shows a printed material embedded in a display device. In this specification, when the printed material is formed by printing halftone ink, regarding the layer structure of the printed material, a portion of one layer and a portion of another layer may be located at the same position in the thickness direction, may interpenetrate each other, and may include a structure such that, when viewed in a top view, the pattern forming one layer overlaps the pattern forming another layer in some parts, but not in others. It should be noted that each layer in the layer structure of the printed material can also be considered as a superposition of printed patterns.

[0077] [Example 1-1]

[0078] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a display device schematically representing example 1-1. Figure 2 It is a schematic representation Figure 1 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the printed pattern layer of the display device. (Example) Figure 1 As shown, the display device 1 includes a printed material 2 and a light source 3. The printed material 2 is a sheet used to display a pattern, and includes a light-transmitting substrate 4, a pattern printing layer 5, and a transmissive smoke printing layer 30. The printed material 2 is positioned in front of the light source 3 (between the viewer and the light source 3). The printed material 2 is fully transmissive. Therefore, when the power to the light source 3 is turned on, the viewer can visually recognize the light transmitted from the light source 3 through the printed material 2, and when the power to the light source 3 is turned off, the viewer can visually recognize the pattern displayed on the printed material 2. The light source 3 is, for example, a display device.

[0079] The light-transmitting substrate 4 is a substrate that transmits visible light. The light-transmitting substrate 4 is, for example, made of a transparent resin. Examples of transparent resins include PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, and nylon. The light-transmitting substrate 4 can also be a glass substrate. The thickness of the light-transmitting substrate 4 is, for example, 25 μm to 250 μm, but if printable, a substrate with a thickness less than or greater than this range can also be used. In the case of a glass substrate, for example, it is a few mm to about 10 mm. It should be noted that, if necessary, a surface protective layer can also be provided on the surface side of the light-transmitting substrate 4 (the side opposite to the pattern printing layer 5).

[0080] The pattern printing layer 5 is a layer that displays the pattern of the printed matter 2. The pattern printing layer 5 includes a first color pattern layer 10 disposed on one side 4a of the light-transmitting substrate 4 and a second color pattern layer 20 disposed on the first color pattern layer 10.

[0081] The first color pattern layer 10 can be applied to surface 4a, for example, by screen printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, or offset printing. Figure 2 As shown, the first color pattern layer 10 is composed of a plurality of first color dots 11. Here, "dot" refers to a point that constitutes an element of a printed image, and its shape is not limited to a circle; it can also be a rectangle, a polygon, or other shapes. Each of the plurality of first color dots 11 contains a first color binder 12 and a plurality of first color pigment chips 13 dispersed within the first color binder 12. When the first color binder 12 is set to 100 parts by weight, the content of the plurality of first color pigment chips 13 is, for example, in the range of 0.5 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less.

[0082] Examples of adhesives 12 used for the first color include vinyl-based resins, acrylic-based resins, thermoplastic urethane-based resins, polyester-based resins, and polycarbonate-based resins. The thickness of the first color pattern layer 10 is, for example, 1 μm to 10 μm. It should be noted that the first color pattern layer 10 may also contain a curing agent. In this case, the heat resistance of the first color pattern layer 10 and its adhesion to the light-transmitting substrate 4 can be improved. Furthermore, the first color pattern layer 10 may also contain a weather-resistant agent. Known ultraviolet absorbers and light stabilizers can be used as weather-resistant agents.

[0083] In the example 1-1, the multiple first-color pigment sheets 13 are first interference pigments 14a and 14b of various colors that generate different interference light. Each of the first interference pigments 14a and 14b consists of a thin sheet (not shown) that is transmissive to visible light and a metal oxide film (not shown) covering the sheet. In incident light incident from the translucent substrate 4 onto the first-color pattern layer 10, the light reflected from the surface of the metal oxide film interferes with the light that passes through the metal oxide film and is reflected from the surface of the sheet, generating interference light. By adjusting the thickness and refractive index of the metal oxide film, interference light with a desired wavelength can be generated.

[0084] In the example of 1-1, the first interference pigments 14a and 14b are each titanium dioxide-coated mica. The particle size range of this titanium dioxide-coated mica includes, for example, a range of 25 μm or more and 60 μm or less. It should be noted that, here, "particle size" refers to the longest diameter of the particle cross-section. The flakes constituting the first interference pigments 14a and 14b can also be materials other than mica, such as silicon dioxide, alumina, glass, or polysilicate. The metal oxide film constituting the first interference pigments 14a and 14b can also be materials other than titanium dioxide, such as zirconium oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, or tin oxide.

[0085] When incident light E is incident on the first color pattern layer 10 from the first interference pigments 14a and 14b respectively, distinct first interference lights 15a and 15b are generated. That is, the wavelengths of the first interference lights 15a and 15b are different. Therefore, the first interference pigments 14a and 14b exhibit mixed colors. For example, the first interference pigments 14a and 14b are a red interference pigment (red pearlescent pigment) and a gold interference pigment (gold pearlescent pigment), respectively. In this case, the first interference lights 15a and 15b exhibit red and gold colors, respectively. The proportions of the first interference pigments 14a and 14b can be the same or different.

[0086] The second color pattern layer 20 can be applied to the first color pattern layer 10, for example, by screen printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, or offset printing. Figure 2 As shown, the second color pattern layer 20 is composed of a plurality of second color dots 21. Here, "dot" refers to a point that constitutes an element of a printed image, and its shape is not limited to a circle; it can also be a rectangle, a polygon, or other shapes. Each of the plurality of second color dots 21 contains a second color binder 22 and a plurality of second color pigment flakes 23 dispersed within the second color binder 22. When the second color binder 22 is set to 100 parts by weight, the content of the plurality of second color pigment flakes 23 is, for example, in the range of 0.5 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less.

[0087] Examples of adhesives 22 used for the second color include vinyl-based resins, acrylic-based resins, thermoplastic urethane-based resins, polyester-based resins, and polycarbonate-based resins. The thickness of the second-color pattern layer 20 is, for example, 1 μm to 10 μm. It should be noted that the second-color pattern layer 20 may also contain a curing agent. In this case, the heat resistance of the second-color pattern layer 20 and the adhesion of the second-color pattern layer 20 to the first-color pattern layer 10 can be improved. Furthermore, the second-color pattern layer 20 may also contain a weather-resistant agent. Known ultraviolet absorbers and light stabilizers can be used as weather-resistant agents.

[0088] In the example of 1-1, multiple second-color pigment sheets 23 are second interference pigments 24 that generate monochromatic interference light different from the mixed colors exhibited by the first interference pigments 14a and 14b. The second interference pigment 24 consists of a thin sheet (not shown) that is translucent to visible light and a metal oxide film (not shown) covering the sheet. In incident light incident from the translucent substrate 4 side onto the second-color pattern layer 20, the light reflected from the surface of the metal oxide film interferes with the light that passes through the metal oxide film and is reflected from the surface of the sheet, generating interference light. By adjusting the thickness and refractive index of the metal oxide film, interference light with a desired wavelength can be generated.

[0089] In the example of 1-1, the second interference pigment 24 is titanium dioxide-coated mica. The particle size range of this titanium dioxide-coated mica includes, for example, a range of 25 μm or more and 60 μm or less. It should be noted that, here, "particle size" refers to the longest diameter of the particle cross-section. The sheet constituting the second interference pigment 24 can also be a material other than mica, for example, silicon dioxide, alumina, glass, or polysilicate. The metal oxide film constituting the second interference pigment 24 can also be a material other than titanium dioxide, for example, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, or tin oxide.

[0090] Monochromatic second interference light 25 is generated from the second interference pigment 24 by incident light E onto the second color pattern layer 20. Thus, the second interference pigment 24 exhibits monochromaticity. The second interference pigment 24 can be any interference pigment that generates monochromatic second interference light 25 that differs from the mixed colors exhibited by the first interference pigments 14a and 14b; for example, it can be a green interference pigment (green pearlescent pigment). In this case, the second interference light 25 appears green.

[0091] The transmissive smoke-colored printing layer 30 has the function of attenuating light transmitted from the front side of the viewpoint through the printed material 2. The transmissive smoke-colored printing layer 30 is disposed on the outermost surface opposite to the translucent substrate 4, relative to the pattern printing layer 5. In the example of 1-1, as... Figure 1 As shown, a transmissive smoke printing layer 30 is disposed on the second color pattern layer 20. The transmissive smoke printing layer 30 can be made using ink obtained by dispersing a small amount of carbon black in a vinyl-based, acrylic-based, urethane-based, or polyester-based resin binder, and disposed on the second color pattern layer 20, for example, by screen printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, or offset printing. The thickness of the transmissive smoke printing layer 30 is, for example, 1 μm to 10 μm. It should be noted that the transmissive smoke printing layer 30 may also contain a curing agent. In this case, the heat resistance of the transmissive smoke printing layer 30 and its adhesion to the second color pattern layer 20 can be improved. Furthermore, the transmissive smoke printing layer 30 may also contain a weather-resistant agent. Known ultraviolet absorbers and light stabilizers can be used as weather-resistant agents.

[0092] In printed matter 2, a pattern is produced by color mixing of the first interference light 15a, 15b generated by the first interference pigments 14a, 14b and the second interference light 25 generated by the second interference pigment 24.

[0093] The total light transmittance of printed material 2 is, for example, 30% to 70%. The total light transmittance referred to here is the value obtained by measuring the total light transmittance using a spectrophotometer (for example, Shimadzu Corporation, UV-2100 spectrophotometer).

[0094] In the printed matter 2 of the example 1-1 described above, the first color pattern layer 10 contains first interference pigments 14a and 14b, and the second color pattern layer 20 contains second interference pigment 24. Therefore, even with a smaller number of printing layers, a three-dimensional pattern can be achieved. Furthermore, in printed matter 2, the pattern layer containing interference pigments that generate mutually different interference light is only the first color pattern layer 10 of the first color pattern layer and the second color pattern layer 20, thus simplifying color mixing and registration operations during printing. Therefore, according to printed matter 2, even with a smaller number of printing layers, a three-dimensional pattern can be represented, and color mixing and registration operations during printing can be simplified.

[0095] In the example of 1-1, the printed material 2 includes a transmissive smoke printing layer 30 disposed on the second color pattern layer 20. As a result, the color rendering properties of the first color pattern layer 10 and the second color pattern layer 20 are superior. Moreover, since the transmissive smoke printing layer 30 is transmissive, it can effectively suppress the decrease in visual recognizability of the image on the display device 1.

[0096] In the example of 1-1, the first interference pigments 14a and 14b and the second interference pigment 24 each contain titanium dioxide-coated mica with a particle size of 25 μm or more and 60 μm or less. When titanium dioxide-coated mica with a particle size of 25 μm or more is included, the transmittance and color development of the pattern printing layer 5 are good. When titanium dioxide-coated mica with a particle size of 60 μm or less is included, the decrease in resolution and grayscale of the pattern printing layer 5 can be suppressed.

[0097] In the example 1-1, when the first color adhesive 12 is set to 100 parts by weight, the content of the plurality of first color pigment flakes 13 is in the range of 0.5 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less. When the second color adhesive is set to 100 parts by weight, the content of the plurality of second color pigment flakes 23 is in the range of 0.5 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less. Since the content of the plurality of first color pigment flakes 13 is in the range of 0.5 parts by weight or more, the pattern of the first color pattern layer 10 can be well represented. Since the content of the plurality of first color pigment flakes 13 is in the range of 20 parts by weight or less, the decrease in the film-forming properties and transmittance of the first color pattern layer 10 can be suppressed. Similarly, since the content of the plurality of second color pigment flakes 23 is in the range of 0.5 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less when the second color adhesive 22 is set to 100 parts by weight, the pattern of the second color pattern layer 20 can be well represented, and the decrease in the film-forming properties and transmittance of the second color pattern layer 20 can be suppressed.

[0098] In example 1-1, the total light transmittance of printed material 2 is 30% to 70%. When the total light transmittance is above 30%, when printed material 2 is placed in front of the image, the light from the image makes the pattern printing layer 5 less visually discernible, allowing for clearer visual recognition of the image. When the total light transmittance is below 70%, even if the image is black, the pattern on the pattern printing layer 5 can be prevented from appearing dark.

[0099] In the example 1-1, the display device 1 includes a printed material 2 and a light source 3. According to the display device 1, when the light source 3 is not lit, the pattern on the printed layer 5 can be visually recognized, and when the light source 3 is lit, the transmitted light (pattern display, image display, etc.) from the light source 3 can be visually recognized.

[0100] In example 1-1, the light source 3 can be a display device. In this case, when the display is not lit, the pattern on the pattern printing layer 5 can be visually recognized, and when the display is lit, the transmitted light (pattern display, image display, etc.) from the display can be visually recognized.

[0101] As described above, the various interference pigments 14a, 14b, and 24 can include pearlescent pigments. That is, the pattern printing layer 5 can contain a variety of different interference pearlescent pigments (interference pigments 14a, 14b, and 24). Therefore, the printed matter 2 is a printed matter 2 having a translucent substrate 4 and a pattern printing layer 5, and the pattern printing layer 5 can contain a variety of interference pearlescent pigments. Thus, the pattern printing layer 5 can achieve a three-dimensional effect.

[0102] Pattern printing layer 5 can have a first color pattern layer 10 containing interference pearlescent pigment and a second color pattern layer 20 containing interference pearlescent pigment. As a result, pattern printing layer 5 can achieve a more three-dimensional effect.

[0103] The first color pattern layer 10 and the second color pattern layer 20 can each contain a variety of interference pearlescent pigments. This allows the pattern printing layer 5 to achieve a more three-dimensional effect. For example, in addition to interference pigment 24, the second color pattern layer 20 can also contain other interference pearlescent pigments.

[0104] The particle sizes of various interference pearlescent pigments can differ from each other. Thus, by using interference pearlescent pigments with varying particle sizes, the decrease in the transmittance of the pattern printing layer 5 can be suppressed.

[0105] The particle size of various interference pearlescent pigments can be 25 μm or larger and 60 μm or smaller. In this case, the color rendering of the pattern in the pattern printing layer 5 can be improved. In addition, excessive decrease in the transmittance of the pattern printing layer 5 can be suppressed, thereby improving the visual recognition of the image on the display device when it is used.

[0106] Interference pearlescent pigments can contain titanium dioxide-coated mica. In this case, the wavelength of the interference light can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the titanium dioxide film. Furthermore, the perceived brightness can be enhanced by improving the smoothness of the mica surface.

[0107] It should be noted that the effect of the pattern printing layer 5 containing a variety of interference pearlescent pigments can be obtained not only in the first example, but also in the second to sixth examples described later.

[0108] [Examples 1-2]

[0109] The following is for reference Figure 3 and Figure 4The printed material 2A of examples 1-2 will be explained. It should be noted that in the explanation of examples 1-2, the descriptions that are repeated in examples 1-1 above are omitted, and the parts that are different from those in examples 1-1 above are described. That is to say, to the extent that it is technically possible, the descriptions of examples 1-1 above can be appropriately used in examples 1-2.

[0110] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a printed material representing examples 1-2. Figure 4 It is a schematic representation Figure 3 The image shows a cross-sectional view of the white pattern layer on the printed material. Printed material 2A includes a translucent substrate 4 and a pattern printing layer 5. Printed material 2A also includes a white pattern layer 40 disposed on a second color pattern layer 20.

[0111] The white pattern layer 40 can be applied to the second color pattern layer 20, for example, by screen printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, or offset printing. Figure 4 As shown, the white pattern layer 40 is composed of a plurality of silver dots 41. Here, "dot" refers to a point that constitutes an element of a printed image, and its shape is not limited to a circle; it can also be rectangular, polygonal, or other shapes. Each of the plurality of silver dots 41 contains a silver binder 42 and a plurality of silver pigment flakes 43 dispersed within the silver binder 42. When the silver binder 42 is set to 100 parts by weight, the content of the plurality of silver pigment flakes 43 is, for example, in the range of 0.5 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less.

[0112] Examples of adhesives 42 used for the silver pattern layer include vinyl-based resins, acrylic-based resins, thermoplastic urethane-based resins, polyester-based resins, and polycarbonate-based resins. The thickness of the white pattern layer 40 is, for example, 1 μm to 10 μm. It should be noted that the white pattern layer 40 may also contain a curing agent. In this case, the heat resistance of the white pattern layer 40 and its adhesion to the second-color pattern layer 20 can be improved. Furthermore, the white pattern layer 40 may also contain a weather-resistant agent. Known ultraviolet absorbers and light stabilizers can be used as weather-resistant agents.

[0113] Even with the configuration of the printed material 2A described above, it can achieve the same effect as the example in 1-1 above. Moreover, in the example in 1-2, a white pattern layer 40 is provided on the second color pattern layer 20 and is composed of a plurality of silver dots 41, each of the plurality of silver dots 41 containing a silver binder 42 and a plurality of silver pigment flakes 43 dispersed within the silver binder 42. As a result, the color development of the first color pattern layer 10 and the second color pattern layer 20 is excellent, and the pattern printing layer 5 can have a pattern that gives a white impression.

[0114] [Examples 1-3]

[0115] The following is for reference Figure 5 Printed material 2B will describe examples 1-3. It should be noted that in the description of examples 1-3, details that are repeated in examples 1-1 and 1-2 above are omitted, and the parts that differ from examples 1-1 and 1-2 above are described. That is to say, to the extent technically possible, the details of examples 1-1 and 1-2 above can be appropriately used in examples 1-3.

[0116] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the printed matter in examples 1-3. Printed matter 2B has a translucent substrate 4 and a pattern printing layer 5. That is, printed matter 2B does not have a translucent smoke-colored printing layer 30 and a white pattern layer 40. Even with the configuration of printed matter 2B described above, it can achieve the same effect as in examples 1-1 above.

[0117] [Examples 1-4]

[0118] The following is for reference Figure 6 The printed material 2C, which describes examples 1-4, will be used as an example. It should be noted that in the description of examples 1-4, details that are repeated in examples 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 above are omitted, and the parts that differ from those in examples 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 above are described. That is to say, to the extent technically possible, the details of examples 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 above may be appropriately used in examples 1-4.

[0119] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the printed matter in examples 1-4. Printed matter 2C includes a translucent substrate 4, a pattern printing layer 5, a white pattern layer 40, and a translucent smoke printing layer 30. The white pattern layer 40 is disposed on the second color pattern layer 20, and the translucent smoke printing layer 30 is disposed on the white pattern layer 40. Even with the configuration of printed matter 2C described above, it can achieve the same functional effect as examples 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 described above.

[0120] The display device and printed material disclosed herein are not limited to the examples described above, and various other variations are possible. For example, the second color pattern layer may contain first interference pigments of multiple colors that generate mutually different first interference light, and the first color pattern layer may contain second interference pigments that generate monochromatic second interference light that differs from the mixed colors presented by the multiple first interference pigments. Furthermore, in the examples described above, the first color pigment sheet is a two-color first interference pigment, but the first color pigment sheet may also be a three-color or more first interference pigment.

[0121] [Example 2]

[0122] [Example 2-1]

[0123] As an example of printed materials and display devices, they can be adopted with... Figure 1 The printed materials and display devices shown have the same basic structure. Therefore, in this example of printed materials and display devices, descriptions of structures with the same basic structure as those in example 1-1 are omitted. The printed materials and display devices in example 2-1 employ... Figure 7 The layer structure shown is used to replace Figure 2 The layers shown are structurally similar.

[0124] The first interference pigment 14a comprises: a plurality of first titanium dioxide-coated mica 18a with a small particle size range of 5 μm to 25 μm; and a plurality of second titanium dioxide-coated mica 18b with a large particle size range of 25 μm to 40 μm. The first interference pigment 14b comprises: a plurality of first titanium dioxide-coated mica 16a with a small particle size range of 5 μm to 25 μm; and a plurality of second titanium dioxide-coated mica 16b with a large particle size range of 25 μm to 40 μm. The average particle size (D50) of the first titanium dioxide-coated mica 18a and 16a is, for example, about 15 μm, and the average particle size (D50) of the second titanium dioxide-coated mica 18b and 16b is, for example, about 25 μm. Thus, the average particle size of the first titanium dioxide-coated mica 18a and 16a is smaller than the average particle size of the second titanium dioxide-coated mica 18b and 16b. The second titanium dioxide-coated mica 18b and 16b can also contain a particle size range of 25 μm to 60 μm. In this case, the average particle size (D50) of the second titanium dioxide-coated mica 18b and 16b is, for example, about 35 μm. Figure 7 As shown, multiple first titanium dioxide-coated mica 18a, 16a are each configured to fill the gaps between multiple second titanium dioxide-coated mica 18b, 16b. Here, "particle size" refers to the longest diameter of the particle cross-section.

[0125] By incident light L onto the first color pattern layer 10 from the first interference pigments 14a and 14b respectively, first interference lights 17a and 17b that are distinct from each other are generated. That is, the wavelengths of the first interference lights 17a and 17b are different from each other. Therefore, the first interference pigments 14a and 14b exhibit mixed colors. For example, the first interference pigments 14a and 14b can be a red interference pigment (red pearlescent pigment) and a gold interference pigment (gold pearlescent pigment), respectively. In this case, the first interference lights 17a and 17b exhibit red and gold, respectively. The first interference pigments 14a and 14b can also each be an interference pigment of other colors. The proportions of the first interference pigments 14a and 14b can be the same or different from each other.

[0126] As the second color pattern layer 20, a second color pattern layer 20 with the same theme as the second color pattern layer 20 shown in the first example can be adopted.

[0127] The second interference pigment 24 comprises: a plurality of first titanium dioxide-coated mica 25a with a small particle size range of 5 μm to 25 μm; and a second titanium dioxide-coated mica 25b with a large particle size range of 25 μm to 40 μm. The average particle size (D50) of the first titanium dioxide-coated mica 25a is, for example, about 15 μm, and the average particle size (D50) of the second titanium dioxide-coated mica 25b is, for example, about 25 μm. Thus, the average particle size of the first titanium dioxide-coated mica 25a is smaller than the average particle size of the second titanium dioxide-coated mica 25b. The second titanium dioxide-coated mica 25b may also contain a particle size range of 25 μm to 60 μm. In this case, the average particle size (D50) of the second titanium dioxide-coated mica 25b is, for example, about 35 μm. Multiple first titanium dioxide-coated mica 25a are each configured to fill the gaps between multiple second titanium dioxide-coated mica 25b. Here, "particle size" refers to the longest diameter of the particle cross-section.

[0128] Monochromatic second interference light 26 is generated from the second interference pigment 24 by incident light L onto the second color pattern layer 20. Thus, the second interference pigment 24 exhibits monochromaticity. The second interference pigment 24 can be any interference pigment that generates monochromatic second interference light 26 that differs from the mixed colors exhibited by the first interference pigments 14a and 14b; for example, it can be a green interference pigment (green pearlescent pigment). In this case, the second interference light 26 appears green. It should be noted that the second interference pigment 24 can also be an interference pigment of a color other than green.

[0129] The transmissive smoke-colored printing layer 30 is a layer used to attenuate light transmitted from the printed material 2. The transmissive smoke-colored printing layer 30 is disposed on the outermost surface opposite to the translucent substrate 4, relative to the pattern printing layer 5. In the example of 2-1, as... Figure 1As shown, a transmissive smoke printing layer 30 is disposed on the second color pattern layer 20. The transmissive smoke printing layer 30 can be made using ink obtained by dispersing a small amount of carbon black in a vinyl-based, acrylic-based, urethane-based, or polyester-based resin binder, and disposed on the second color pattern layer 20, for example, by screen printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, or offset printing. The thickness of the transmissive smoke printing layer 30 is, for example, 1 μm to 10 μm. It should be noted that the transmissive smoke printing layer 30 may also contain a curing agent. In this case, the heat resistance of the transmissive smoke printing layer 30 and its adhesion to the second color pattern layer 20 can be improved. Furthermore, the transmissive smoke printing layer 30 may also contain a weather-resistant agent. Known ultraviolet absorbers and light stabilizers can be used as weather-resistant agents.

[0130] In printed matter 2, a pattern is produced by additive mixing of the first interference light 17a, 17b generated by the first interference pigments 14a, 14b and the second interference light 26 generated by the second interference pigment 24.

[0131] The total light transmittance of printed material 2 is, for example, 30% to 70%. The total light transmittance referred to here is the value obtained by measuring the total light transmittance using a spectrophotometer (for example, Shimadzu Corporation, UV-2100 spectrophotometer).

[0132] In the printed material 2 of example 2-1 described above, in the first color pattern layer 10, multiple first titanium dioxide coated mica 18a and 16a, each containing a small particle size ranging from 5 μm to 25 μm, are each configured to fill the gaps between multiple second titanium dioxide coated mica 18b and 16b, each containing a large particle size ranging from 25 μm to 40 μm. In the printed material 2, in the second color pattern layer 20, multiple first titanium dioxide coated mica 25a, each containing a small particle size ranging from 5 μm to 25 μm, are each configured to fill the gaps between multiple second titanium dioxide coated mica 25b, each containing a large particle size ranging from 25 μm to 40 μm. Therefore, according to the printed material 2, a pattern with excellent visual legibility and color rendering can be provided. Furthermore, in Printed Material 2, the first color pattern layer 10 contains large-particle-size second titanium dioxide-coated mica 18b and 16b, and the second color pattern layer 20 contains large-particle-size second titanium dioxide-coated mica 25b, thereby suppressing the decrease in transmittance of the pattern printing layer 5. Therefore, according to Printed Material 2, when the power is turned on, the decrease in visual legibility of the image on the display device can be well suppressed.

[0133] In the example 2-1, the large-particle-size second titanium dioxide-coated mica 18b, 16b, 25b can also be composed of particles ranging from 25 μm to 60 μm. In this case, the color rendering of the pattern is superior. Furthermore, excessive reduction in the transmittance of the pattern printing layer 5 can be suppressed, thereby improving the visual recognizability of the image on the display device 1 when a display device is used.

[0134] In the example 2-1, the first interference pigments 14a and 14b and the second interference pigment 24 are interference pigments comprising titanium dioxide-coated mica. Therefore, by adjusting the thickness of the titanium dioxide film, the wavelength of the interference light can be adjusted. Furthermore, by improving the smoothness of the mica surface, the perceived brightness can be enhanced.

[0135] In the second example, the structure of examples 1-2 to 1-4 from the first example can also be adopted.

[0136] In the examples above, the first interference pigment and the second interference pigment each comprise a plurality of first titanium dioxide-coated mica and a plurality of second titanium dioxide-coated mica, but it is sufficient that at least one of the first interference pigment and the second interference pigment comprises a plurality of first titanium dioxide-coated mica and a plurality of second titanium dioxide-coated mica. Furthermore, in the examples above, the first color pigment sheet is a two-color first interference pigment, but the first color pigment sheet can also be a three-color or more first interference pigment. In addition, multiple colors of first interference pigments can also be mixed together.

[0137] [Experimental Example]

[0138] Here, experimental examples are used to illustrate the tendency of the visual effects of images and patterns on liquid crystal displays caused by the particle size of titanium dioxide-coated mica contained in the pattern printing layer. For example... Figure 8 As shown in Experimental Examples 1-3 described later, printed materials with adjusted particle size of titanium dioxide-coated mica were produced. Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the composition of the printed materials in Experiments 1-3. A liquid crystal display (LCD) was installed on the back side (transmissive smoke printing layer side) of the printed materials in Experiments 1-3. The distance between the printed materials and the LCD was set to 2 mm. The visual distinguishability of the LCD in the power-on and power-off states (items 1-4 described later) was evaluated. Four people performed sensory evaluations of items 1-4, and the average score was calculated.

[0139] <Experimental Example 1>

[0140] A printed material is produced by sequentially depositing a first color pattern layer, a second color pattern layer, a white pattern layer, and a transmissive smoke printing layer on a transparent PET substrate. In Experimental Example 1, the first color pattern layer was formed by screen printing using an ink containing a first color binder (urethane resin) and red and gold interference pigments dispersed within the first color binder. As for the content of the red and gold interference pigments, with 100 parts by weight of the first color binder, 8 parts by weight of red interference pigment with a particle size of 10–40 μm, 2 parts by weight of red interference pigment with a particle size of 5–25 μm, 5 parts by weight of gold interference pigment with a particle size of 10–60 μm, and 2 parts by weight of gold interference pigment with a particle size of 5–25 μm.

[0141] In Experiment 1, a second-color pattern layer was formed by screen printing using an ink comprising a second-color binder (urethane resin) and green interference pigment dispersed within the second-color binder. As for the content of the green interference pigment, with 100 parts by weight of the second-color binder, 4 parts by weight of green interference pigment having a particle size of 10–40 μm, and 1 part by weight of green interference pigment having a particle size of 5–25 μm. The red, gold, and green interference pigments were all titanium dioxide-coated mica.

[0142] In Experiment 1, a white pattern layer was formed using an ink comprising a silver binder (urethane resin) and silver pigment flakes dispersed within the silver binder via screen printing. As the silver pigment flake content, with 100 parts by weight of silver binder, 1 part by weight of silver pigment flakes having a particle size of 5–25 μm was used. Furthermore, a transmissive smoke-colored printing layer was formed using an ink obtained by mixing medium ink and black ink in a 40:1 ratio via screen printing.

[0143] <Experimental Example 2>

[0144] A printed material is produced by sequentially depositing a first color pattern layer, a second color pattern layer, a white pattern layer, and a transmissive smoke printing layer on a transparent PET substrate. In Experimental Example 2, the first color pattern layer was formed by screen printing using an ink containing a first color binder (urethane resin) and red and gold interference pigments dispersed within the first color binder. As for the content of the red and gold interference pigments, with 100 parts by weight of the first color binder, 8 parts by weight of red interference pigment with a particle size of 10–40 μm, 2 parts by weight of red interference pigment with a particle size of 5–25 μm, 5 parts by weight of gold interference pigment with a particle size of 10–60 μm, and 2 parts by weight of gold interference pigment with a particle size of 5–25 μm.

[0145] In Experiment 2, a second-color pattern layer was formed by screen printing using an ink comprising a second-color binder (urethane resin) and green interference pigment dispersed within the second-color binder. As the content of the green interference pigment, with 100 parts by weight of the second-color binder, 4 parts by weight of the green interference pigment having a particle size of 10–40 μm was used. The red, gold, and green interference pigments were all titanium dioxide-coated mica.

[0146] In Experiment 2, a white pattern layer was formed using an ink comprising a silver binder (urethane resin) and silver pigment flakes dispersed within the silver binder via screen printing. As the silver pigment flake content, with 100 parts by weight of silver binder, 1 part by weight of silver pigment flakes having a particle size of 5–25 μm was used. Furthermore, a transmissive smoke-colored printing layer was formed using an ink obtained by mixing ink and black ink in a 40:1 ratio via screen printing.

[0147] <Experimental Example 3>

[0148] A printed material is produced by sequentially depositing a first color pattern layer, a second color pattern layer, and a transmissive smoke printing layer on a transparent PET substrate. In Experimental Example 3, the first color pattern layer was formed by screen printing using an ink comprising a first color binder (urethane resin) and green interference pigment dispersed within the first color binder. As for the content of the green interference pigment, when the first color binder was set to 100 parts by weight, 4 parts by weight of green interference pigment having a particle size of 10–40 μm were used, and 1 part by weight of green interference pigment having a particle size of 5–25 μm were used.

[0149] In Experiment 3, a second-color pattern layer was formed by screen printing using an ink comprising a second-color binder (urethane resin) and red and gold interference pigments dispersed within the second-color binder. As for the content of the red and gold interference pigments, with 100 parts by weight of the second-color binder, 8 parts by weight of the red interference pigment having a particle size of 10–40 μm, and 5 parts by weight of the gold interference pigment having a particle size of 10–60 μm.

[0150] In Experiment 3, an ink obtained by mixing ink oil and black ink in a 40:1 ratio was used to form a translucent smoke-colored printing layer through screen printing technology.

[0151] <Item 1: Clarity of Displayed Content>

[0152] The clarity of images and text displayed on the LCD screen when the power is on was evaluated.

[0153] <Rating>

[0154] 5 points: Compared to images and text displayed on an LCD screen, the graphics have a weaker presence, and the images and text appear clearer.

[0155] 3 points: Compared to images and text displayed on an LCD screen, the presence of graphics is slightly stronger, and images and text appear to be slightly covered by graphics.

[0156] 1 point: Compared to images and text displayed on an LCD screen, graphics have a stronger presence, and images and text appear to be covered by graphics.

[0157] <Item 2: Brightness of Displayed Content>

[0158] The brightness of images and text displayed on the LCD screen when the power is on was evaluated.

[0159] <Rating>

[0160] 5 points: Images and text displayed on the LCD screen appear bright.

[0161] 3 points: Images and text displayed on the LCD screen appear slightly dark.

[0162] 1 point: Images and text displayed on the LCD screen appear quite dark.

[0163] <Project 3: The Impact of Black LCD Displays>

[0164] The effect of a black LCD display with the power off on the image was evaluated.

[0165] <Rating>

[0166] 5 points: Without the black effect of an LCD monitor, the pattern can be fully visually recognized.

[0167] 3 points: The black level of the LCD screen is slightly affected, and the image looks slightly darker (with slightly higher transparency).

[0168] 1 point: The effect of black on the LCD screen was observed, and the pattern looked quite dark (high transparency).

[0169] <Project 4: On the color rendering of the pattern>

[0170] The color rendering of the pattern was evaluated when the power supply of the LCD was turned off.

[0171] <Rating>

[0172] 5 points: The colors of the pattern are well rendered.

[0173] 3 points: The color rendering of the pattern is slightly weak, and the color of the pattern looks pale (whitish).

[0174] 1 point: The pattern has weak color rendering, and the colors in the pattern appear white.

[0175] The sensory evaluation results for items 1-4 of Experiments 1-3 are shown in Table 1 below. It should be noted that experimental examples with scores of 3 or higher are considered to be at a practically acceptable level. Experiment 1 shows the following trend: the influence of a black LCD on the image is quite low, exhibiting a sufficiently high level of visual recognizability. Furthermore, high evaluation results were also obtained regarding image color rendering and image / text display sharpness / brightness. On the other hand, Experiments 2 and 3 show the following trend: the influence of a black LCD on the image is suppressed to a low degree, and the overall effect regarding image color rendering and image / text display sharpness / brightness is also good.

[0176] [Table 1]

[0177]

[0178] [Example 3]

[0179] [Example 3-1]

[0180] As an example of printed materials and display devices, they can be adopted with... Figure 1 The printed material and display device shown have the same basic structure. Therefore, in this example of the printed material and display device, the description of the structure having the same basic structure as the printed material and display device in example 1-1 is omitted. The printed material and display device in this example adopts... Figure 9 The layer structure shown is used to replace Figure 2 The layers shown are structurally similar.

[0181] The first color pattern layer 10 can be applied to surface 4a, for example, by screen printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, or offset printing. Figure 9 As shown, the first color pattern layer 10 is composed of a plurality of first color dots 11. Here, "dot" refers to a point that constitutes an element of a printed image, and its shape is not limited to a circle; it can also be rectangular, polygonal, or other shapes. Each of the plurality of first color dots 11 contains a first color binder 12 and a plurality of first color pigment flakes 13 dispersed within the first color binder 12. When the first color binder 12 is set to 100 parts by weight, the content of the plurality of first color pigment flakes 13 is, for example, in the range of 0.5 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less. In this case, the pattern of the first color pattern layer 10 can be well represented, and the decrease in the coating properties and transmittance of the first color pattern layer 10 can be suppressed.

[0182] In example 3-1, multiple first-color pigment sheets 13 are interference pigments 14 (first interference pigments) that generate monochromatic interference light of a predetermined color. The interference pigment 14 consists of a thin sheet (not shown) that is transmissive to visible light and a metal oxide film (not shown) covering the sheet. In incident light incident from the translucent substrate 4 side onto the first-color pattern layer 10, light reflected from the surface of the metal oxide film interferes with light that passes through the metal oxide film and is reflected from the surface of the sheet, generating interference light. By adjusting the thickness and refractive index of the metal oxide film, interference light with a desired wavelength can be generated.

[0183] Monochromatic interference light 15 (first interference light) is generated from the interference pigment 14 by incident light E into the first color pattern layer 10. Thus, the interference pigment 14 appears monochromatic.

[0184] The second color pattern layer 20 can be applied to the first color pattern layer 10, for example, by screen printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, or offset printing. Figure 9 As shown, the second-color pattern layer 20 is composed of a plurality of second-color dots 21. Here, "dot" refers to a point that constitutes an element of a printed image, and its shape is not limited to a circle; it can also be rectangular, polygonal, or other shapes. Each of the plurality of second-color dots 21 contains a second-color binder 22 and a plurality of second-color pigment flakes 23 dispersed within the second-color binder 22. When the second-color binder 22 is set to 100 parts by weight, the content of the plurality of second-color pigment flakes 23 is, for example, in the range of 0.5 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less. The pattern of the second-color pattern layer 20 can be well represented, and the decrease in the film-forming properties and transmittance of the second-color pattern layer 20 can be suppressed.

[0185] Monochromatic interference light 25 (second interference light) is generated by incident light E onto the second color pattern layer 20 from interference pigment 24 (second interference pigment). Thus, interference pigment 24 exhibits a monochromatic appearance. Interference pigment 24 can be any interference pigment that generates monochromatic interference light 25, which is a different color from that exhibited by interference pigment 14.

[0186] The total light transmittance of printed material 2 is, for example, 30% to 70%. The total light transmittance referred to here is the value obtained by measuring the total light transmittance using a spectrophotometer (e.g., Shimadzu UV-2100 spectrophotometer manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). When the total light transmittance is 30% or higher, when printed material 2 is placed in front of an image, the image light makes the pattern printing layer 5 less visually discernible, allowing for clearer visual recognition of the image. When the total light transmittance is 70% or lower, even if the image is black, the pattern on the pattern printing layer 5 can be prevented from appearing dark.

[0187] Next, refer to Figure 10 and Figure 11 The combination of colors in the pattern printing layer 5 is explained. Figure 10 (a) is a schematic diagram representing the combination of colors in the pattern printing layer 5. Figure 10 (b) is a schematic diagram showing the combination of colors of the pattern printing layer 105 in the comparative embodiment. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific example of the color combination in the printing layer 5 of the pattern.

[0188] like Figure 10 As shown in (a), monochromatic interference light of "color A" is generated by including a monochromatic interference pigment of "color A" in the first color pattern layer 10. Monochromatic interference light of "color B" is generated by including a monochromatic interference pigment of "color B" in the second color pattern layer 20. Color B is a different color from color A. Therefore, in the printed material 2, the pattern is expressed by additively mixing the interference light of color A and the interference light of color B.

[0189] exist Figure 11 In the example shown in (a), "gold" is used as color A of the first color pattern layer 10, and "red" is used as color B of the second color pattern layer 20. Printed material 2 can represent a wood grain pattern using an additive mixture of gold and red. By using gold for the first color pattern layer 10, a light-colored wood grain can be represented. It should be noted that in this case, Figure 9 Interference pigment 14, for example, is a gold interference pigment (gold pearlescent pigment). Interference light 15 appears gold. Interference pigment 24, for example, is a red interference pigment (red pearlescent pigment). Interference light 25 appears red.

[0190] exist Figure 11 In the example shown in (b), "red" is used as color A of the first color pattern layer 10, and "gold" is used as color B of the second color pattern layer 20. The printed material 2 can represent the wood grain pattern by mixing red and gold additively. By using red as the first color pattern layer 10, a slightly reddish wood grain can be represented.

[0191] exist Figure 11 In the example shown in (c), "silver" is used as color A of the first color pattern layer 10, and "gold" is used as color B of the second color pattern layer 20. Printed material 2 can represent a hairline pattern using additive color mixing of silver and gold. By using gold for the second color pattern layer 20, the usual stainless steel hairline can be adjusted to a golden tone. It should be noted that... Figure 9 The interference pigment 14 shown is, for example, a silver interference pigment (silver pearlescent pigment). The interference light 15 appears silver.

[0192] exist Figure 11 In the example shown in (d), "silver" is used as color A of the first color pattern layer 10, and "red" is used as color B of the second color pattern layer 20. The printed material 2 can represent a hairline pattern as a design by mixing silver and red additive colors. By using red for the second color pattern layer 20, the stainless steel hairline can be adjusted to a bronze tone.

[0193] exist Figure 11 In the example shown in (e), "gold" is used as color A of the first color pattern layer 10, and "silver" is used as color B of the second color pattern layer 20. The printed material 2 can represent a hairline pattern as a design by mixing gold and silver additively. By using gold (or a color with gold undertones) as the first color pattern layer 10, a stronger emphasis on the gold tone can be achieved.

[0194] In the printed material 2 of example 3-1 described above, the first color pattern layer 10 contains interference pigment 14 that generates monochromatic interference light 15, and the second color pattern layer 20 contains interference pigment 24 that generates monochromatic interference light 25 that is different in color from that presented by interference pigment 14. Here, as an example for comparison, such as Figure 10 As shown in (b), an example is a printed material 102 in which a first color pattern layer 10 contains interference pigments of colors X and Y, and a second color pattern layer 20 contains interference pigments of color Z. For example, the configuration of the embodiment used for comparison is shown as in... Figure 11 In cases where the pattern is as described, the X, Y, and Z colors need to be adjusted, and the color matching and registration operations during printing are time-consuming. On the other hand, for those that can be... Figure 11Patterns represented with fewer colors can be depicted by limiting the interference pigments contained in the first color pattern layer 10 and the second color pattern layer 20 to a single color, as in printed matter 2 of this example. This allows the pattern to be represented using only the intensity of that single color. This simplifies color mixing and registration operations during printing. Therefore, based on printed matter 2, color mixing and registration operations during printing can be simplified.

[0195] In example 3, the structure of examples 1-2 to 1-4 from example 1 can also be adopted.

[0196] [Example 4]

[0197] [Example 4-1]

[0198] As an example of printed materials and display devices, they can be adopted with... Figure 1 The printed material and display device shown have the same basic structure. Therefore, in this example of the printed material and display device, the description of the structure having the same basic structure as the printed material and display device in example 1-1 is omitted. The printed material and display device in this example adopts... Figure 12 The layer structure shown is used to replace Figure 2 The layers shown are structurally similar.

[0199] The first color pattern layer 10 can be applied to surface 4a, for example, by screen printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, or offset printing. Figure 12 As shown, the first color pattern layer 10 is composed of a plurality of first color dots 11. Here, "dot" refers to a point that constitutes an element of a printed image, and its shape is not limited to a circle; it can also be rectangular, polygonal, or other shapes. Each of the plurality of first color dots 11 contains a first color binder 12 and a plurality of first color pigment flakes 13 dispersed within the first color binder 12. When the first color binder 12 is set to 100 parts by weight, the content of the plurality of first color pigment flakes 13 is, for example, in the range of 0.5 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less. In this case, the pattern of the first color pattern layer 10 can be well represented, and the decrease in the coating properties and transmittance of the first color pattern layer 10 can be suppressed.

[0200] In the example of 4-1, the plurality of first-color pigment sheets 13 are interference pigments 14 (second interference pigments) that generate monochromatic interference light of a predetermined color. Interference pigment 14 is the same color as any of the interference pigments 24a and 24b (first interference pigments) described later. Interference pigment 14 is composed of a thin sheet (not shown) that is transmissive to visible light and a metal oxide film (not shown) covering the thin sheet. In incident light incident from the transmissive substrate 4 side onto the first-color pattern layer 10, the light reflected from the surface of the metal oxide film interferes with the light that passes through the metal oxide film and is reflected from the surface of the thin sheet, generating interference light. By adjusting the thickness and refractive index of the metal oxide film, interference light with a desired wavelength can be generated.

[0201] Monochromatic interference light 15 (second interference light) is generated from the interference pigment 14 by incident light E into the first color pattern layer 10. Thus, the interference pigment 14 appears monochromatic.

[0202] The second color pattern layer 20 can be applied to the first color pattern layer 10, for example, by screen printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, or offset printing. Figure 12 As shown, the second-color pattern layer 20 is composed of a plurality of second-color dots 21. Here, "dot" refers to a point that constitutes an element of a printed image, and its shape is not limited to a circle; it can also be rectangular, polygonal, or other shapes. Each of the plurality of second-color dots 21 contains a second-color binder 22 and a plurality of second-color pigment flakes 23 dispersed within the second-color binder 22. When the second-color binder 22 is set to 100 parts by weight, the content of the plurality of second-color pigment flakes 23 is, for example, in the range of 0.5 parts by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less. The pattern of the second-color pattern layer 20 can be well represented, and the decrease in the film-forming properties and transmittance of the second-color pattern layer 20 can be suppressed.

[0203] In example 4-1, the multiple second-color pigment sheets 23 are interference pigments 24a and 24b of various colors that generate different interference light. Each interference pigment 24a and 24b consists of a thin sheet (not shown) that is transmissive to visible light and a metal oxide film (not shown) covering the sheet. In incident light incident from the transmissive substrate 4 onto the second-color pattern layer 20, the light reflected from the surface of the metal oxide film interferes with the light that passes through the metal oxide film and is reflected from the surface of the sheet, generating interference light. By adjusting the thickness and refractive index of the metal oxide film, interference light with a desired wavelength can be generated.

[0204] In the example of 4-1, interference pigments 24a and 24b are titanium dioxide-coated mica. The particle size range of this titanium dioxide-coated mica includes, for example, a range of 25 μm or more and 60 μm or less. It should be noted that, here, "particle size" refers to the longest diameter of the particle cross-section. The flakes constituting interference pigments 24a and 24b can also be materials other than mica, such as silicon dioxide, alumina, glass, or polysilicate. The metal oxide film constituting interference pigments 24a and 24b can also be materials other than titanium dioxide, such as zirconium oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, or tin oxide.

[0205] Interference pigments 24a and 24b are respectively injected with incident light E into the second color pattern layer 20, generating distinct interference lights 125a and 125b (first interference lights). That is, the wavelengths of interference lights 125a and 125b are different. Therefore, interference pigments 24a and 24b exhibit mixed colors. The proportions of each component of interference pigments 24a and 24b can be the same or different. Interference pigment 24a can be any pigment that generates monochromatic interference light 125a, the same monochromatic light exhibited by interference pigment 14. It should be noted that interference pigment 24b can also be any pigment that generates monochromatic interference light 126b, the same monochromatic light exhibited by interference pigment 14.

[0206] The total light transmittance of printed material 2 is, for example, 30% to 70%. The total light transmittance referred to here is the value obtained by measuring the total light transmittance using a spectrophotometer (e.g., Shimadzu UV-2100 spectrophotometer manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). When the total light transmittance is 30% or higher, when printed material 2 is placed in front of an image, the image light makes the pattern printing layer 5 less visually discernible, allowing for clearer visual recognition of the image. When the total light transmittance is 70% or lower, even if the image is black, the pattern on the pattern printing layer 5 can be prevented from appearing dark.

[0207] Next, refer to Figure 13 and Figure 14 The combination of colors in the pattern printing layer 5 is explained. Figure 13 (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams representing the combination of colors in the printing layer 5 of the pattern. Figure 13 (c) is a schematic diagram showing the combination of colors of the pattern printing layer 105 in the comparative embodiment. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a specific example of the color combination in the printing layer 5 of the pattern.

[0208] like Figure 13As shown in (a), interference light of monochromatic "color A" is generated by including a monochromatic interference pigment of "color A" in the first color pattern layer 10. Mixed interference light of "color A" and "color B" is generated by including interference pigments of both monochromatic "color A" and monochromatic "color B" in the second color pattern layer 20. Color B is a different color from color A. Therefore, in the printed material 2, the pattern is represented by additively mixing the interference light of color A and the interference light of colors A and B.

[0209] Or, such as Figure 13 As shown in (b), monochromatic interference light of "color A" is generated by including a monochromatic interference pigment of "color A" in the second color pattern layer 20. Mixed interference light of "color A" and "color B" is generated by including interference pigments of both monochromatic "color A" and monochromatic "color B" in the first color pattern layer 10. Color B is a different color from color A. Therefore, in the printed material 2, the pattern is created by additively mixing the interference light of color A and the interference light of colors A and B.

[0210] exist Figure 14 In the example shown in (a), "gold" is used as color A of the first color pattern layer 10, "gold" is used as color A of the second color pattern layer 20, and "red" is used as color B of the second color pattern layer 20. The printed material 2 can represent a wood grain pattern using an additive mixture of gold and red. By using gold for the first color pattern layer 10, a light-colored wood grain can be represented. It should be noted that in this case, Figure 12 Interference pigments 14 and 24a shown are, for example, gold interference pigments (gold pearlescent pigments). Interference light 15 and 125a appear gold. Interference pigment 24b is, for example, a red interference pigment (red pearlescent pigment). Interference light 126b appears red.

[0211] exist Figure 14 In the example shown in (b), "red" is used as color A of the first color pattern layer 10, "red" is used as color A of the second color pattern layer 20, and "gold" is used as color B of the second color pattern layer 20. The printed material 2 can represent the wood grain pattern by mixing red and gold additively. By using red as the first color pattern layer 10, a slightly reddish wood grain can be represented.

[0212] exist Figure 14In the example shown in (c), "silver" is used as color A of the first color pattern layer 10, "silver" is used as color A of the second color pattern layer 20, and "gold" is used as color B of the second color pattern layer 20. Printed material 2 can represent a hairline pattern as a design using additive color mixing of silver and gold. By including gold in the second color pattern layer 20, the usual stainless steel hairline can be adjusted to a golden tone. It should be noted that... Figure 12 Interference pigments 14 and 24a shown are, for example, silver interference pigments (silver pearlescent pigments). Interference light 15 and 126a appear silver.

[0213] exist Figure 14 In the example shown in (d), "silver" is used as color A of the first color pattern layer 10, "silver" is used as color A of the second color pattern layer 20, and "red" is used as color B of the second color pattern layer 20. Printed material 2 can represent a hairline pattern as a design using additive color mixing of silver and red. By including red in the second color pattern layer 20, the stainless steel hairline can be adjusted to a bronze tone.

[0214] exist Figure 14 In the example shown in (e), "silver" is used as color A of the first color pattern layer 10, "gold" is used as color B of the first color pattern layer 10, and "silver" is used as color A of the second color pattern layer 20. Printed material 2 can represent a hairline pattern using additive color mixing of gold and silver. By including gold (or a color with gold undertones) in the first color pattern layer 10, a stronger emphasis on the gold tone can be achieved.

[0215] In the printed matter 2 of example 4-1 described above, either the first color pattern layer 10 or the second color pattern layer 20 contains interference pigments of multiple colors that generate interference light of mutually different colors A and B. Therefore, even with a smaller number of printing layers, a three-dimensional pattern representation can be achieved. Furthermore, in this printed matter 2, the pattern layer containing interference pigments that generate interference light of multiple colors can be either the first color pattern layer 10 or the second color pattern layer 20, thus simplifying color mixing and registration operations during printing. On the other hand, the other of the first color pattern layer 10 and the second color pattern layer 20 contains interference pigments that generate interference light of a monochromatic color A, the same as any one of the multiple interference pigments. Here, as a comparative example, such as... Figure 13 As shown in (c), an example is a printed material 102 in which a first color pattern layer 10 contains interference pigments of colors X and Y, and a second color pattern layer 20 contains interference pigments of color Z. For example, the configuration of the embodiment used for comparison is shown as in... Figure 14In cases where the pattern is as described, the X, Y, and Z colors need to be adjusted, and the color matching and registration operations during printing are time-consuming. On the other hand, for those that can be... Figure 14 Patterns represented with fewer colors can be expressed using a single monochromatic color A, defined as the same color A in both the first color pattern layer 10 and the second color pattern layer 20. The intensity of color A can be varied to represent the pattern. Furthermore, when it is desired to emphasize the hue of color A, adjusting the hue using both the first color pattern layer 10 and the second color pattern layer 20 is easier than adjusting using only a single color pattern layer. Additionally, excessive interference pigment in a single color pattern layer reduces the strength of the coating film, but this reduction is prevented by using two color pattern layers 10 and 20. In summary, this simplifies color mixing and registration operations during printing.

[0216] In example 4, the structure of examples 1-2 to 1-4 from example 1 can also be adopted.

[0217] Printed materials and display devices are not limited to the examples mentioned above and can be adapted in a wide variety of other ways.

[0218] As a printed material, a sheet with a pattern layer and a hidden layer can also be used. The hidden layer is a layer that hides the color of the display device when no image is displayed, and transmits the displayed image when an image is displayed. The hidden layer is set to a visible light transmittance within a specified range. An opening is formed in the hidden layer. The hidden layer can be printed using an inkjet device, for example, using white ink containing titanium dioxide. Specifically, the hidden layer can be printed, for example, on the back of the pattern layer, using a solid white ink. As a printing method, an inkjet device can be exemplified, but it is not limited to this. As a printing method, in addition to inkjet printing, various printing methods can be used, such as gravure printing, offset printing, letterpress printing, flexographic printing, screen printing, electrostatic printing, etc. It should be noted that the printing method is not limited to the printing methods exemplified above. For example, any conventionally known image forming method can be used, such as hand-drawing, ink flow, transfer printing, photography, electrophotography, photosensitive resin, vacuum evaporation, chemical etching, thermochromic development, electrical discharge, etc. The pattern layer is formed on the surface of the hidden layer using a printing method, and is designed to give the printed material a distinctive design. The pattern layer only needs to have a certain degree of light transmittance and can be applied to the entire surface. Unlike the hidden layer, the pattern layer does not need to have openings, thus allowing for highly detailed designs. Specifically, the pattern layer can be printed using an inkjet printer, using inks such as cyan, magenta, yellow, and black to print the desired pattern. It should be noted that while an inkjet printer is shown as an example of a printing method for the pattern layer, it is not a limitation; similar to the hidden layer, various printing methods can be used. It should also be noted that any printed material that performs the above functions can be used, and a known structure can be appropriately employed.

[0219] Reference Figure 15 The concealment and visual recognizability of printed material 2 will be explained in more detail. It should be noted that, based on... Figure 15 The description is merely an example of usage to illustrate the nature of printed matter 2. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to such usage. Figure 15 (a) and Figure 15 (b) is a diagram showing the light source 3 covered by the printed material 2 as viewed from the surface. Figure 15 (a) indicates the case when the power supply to light source 3 is disconnected. Figure 15 (b) indicates the state when the power to the light source 3 is turned on. A wood grain pattern is used as the design for the printed material 2. A display device is used as the light source 3. The area in the printed material 2 that covers the light source 3 is called the display area DE. Figure 15As shown in (a), when the power to the light source 3 is disconnected, the light source 3 is hidden by the pattern of the printed material 2. The printed material 2 does not hide the light source 3 using a light-blocking layer, but rather uses the layer itself, which has a light-transmitting pattern, to hide the light source 3. Therefore, the visual information V1 displayed in the display area DE becomes the pattern of the printed material 2. At this time, the observer cannot visually discern the display surface (black screen) and the outline of the light source 3 from the outside of the printed material 2. The visual information V1 that can be visually discerned in the display area DE and the visual information V2 that can be visually discerned in the area surrounding the display area DE are the same on the pattern of the printed material 2. Therefore, the observer cannot visually discern the presence of the light source 3 from the outside of the printed material 2.

[0220] like Figure 15 As shown in (b), when the power to the light source 3 is turned on, the light source 3 emits light, thereby projecting an arbitrary image GF onto the surface of the display. Here, the image GF is the letter "X" shown against a monochrome background. In the display area DE, the light of the image GF is transmitted from the printed material 2. Thus, the observer visually recognizes the transmitted light in the display area DE, thereby visually recognizing the image GF. Therefore, the visual information V3 displayed in the display area DE becomes the image GF projected by the light source 3. The content of the visual information V3 may include information not included in the content of the visual information V1. At this time, the visual information V3 may consist only of the light transmitted from the pattern on the printed material 2.

[0221] For example, as a comparative example, as a sheet that uses a light source to display the visual information "X", a sheet can be listed where a portion of the light-shielding layer is cut into the shape of "X" to form a light-transmitting layer (different from the printed material 2 of this embodiment). Regarding the visual information V3 obtained from such a sheet and a light source such as a lamp, the background portion is composed of the pattern on the surface of the light-shielding layer, and the "X" portion is composed of the light from the light source transmitted through the light-transmitting layer. Alternatively, as a comparative example, a sheet with a light-shielding layer formed in the shape of "X" in a portion of the light-transmitting layer can be listed. Regarding the visual information V3 obtained from such a sheet, the background portion is composed of the light from the light source transmitted through the light-transmitting layer, and the "X" portion is composed of the pattern on the surface of the light-shielding layer. In the comparative example, the visual information V3 is composed of the combination of light transmitted from the sheet and reflected light from the surface of the sheet at the portion where the light is shielded. Furthermore, when using a sheet like the one in the comparative example, even when the power to the light source is turned off, the "X" shape is still formed on the sheet itself in a visually perceptible form, therefore the visual information V1 also includes the content "X". Therefore, the content of visual information V3 becomes a state that is already included in visual information V1.

[0222] Use of printed material 2 Figure 15The visual information V3 in (b) differs from that of the comparative example, which uses a light-masking layer; the overall visual information is constituted by the light transmitted from the printed material 2. It should be noted that... Figure 15 Regarding the printed material 2 shown, the entire printed material 2 may be composed of a layer forming a light-transmitting pattern, or at least the entire display area DE may be composed of a layer forming a light-transmitting pattern. However, in the printed material 2, a light-shielding layer may be provided in a portion of the display area DE, or a light-shielding layer may be provided in a portion of the area outside the display area DE.

[0223] It should be noted that the following display device exists: a pattern is formed by pre-considering the content of the image from light source 3, and visual information V3 is formed by combining the pattern and the image when the power to light source 3 is turned on. Figure 15 In the example shown, the purpose is to make the presence of light source 3 undetectable from the outside. Figure 15 The visual information V3 in (b) differs from the visual information V3 formed through such combination. However, depending on the brightness of the image and the color of a portion of it, the pattern may be faintly reflected in the whole or a portion of the visual information V3. Furthermore, due to... Figure 15 The examples shown serve different purposes. Visual information V3 can sometimes be achieved by combining and coordinating patterns and images from the printed material 2. It should be noted that when a touch panel is used as the light source 3, the user operates the touch panel via the printed material 2. Therefore, the printed material 2 can be configured with a thickness, material, and hardness that do not obstruct touch panel operation.

[0224] First, before describing the features of the printed matter according to the embodiments of this disclosure, the measurements and experiments that yielded insights into these features will be described.

[0225] like Figure 16 As shown, samples were prepared for the experiment. It should be noted that sometimes samples will be combined with other materials to form samples as shown in the diagram. Figures 1 to 15 The sample related to the embodiment described herein, which is printed using the pattern printing layer method that can be employed in this disclosure, is referred to as a "Double View Film (WVF)". On the other hand, a comparative example was printed using inkjet printing (without the pattern printing layer as described in the illustration). Figures 1 to 15 (The structure of the patterned layer is described in the text). Therefore, the sample associated with the comparative example is sometimes referred to as "inkjet". For example... Figure 16As shown in (a), four printing layers SPA1 to SPA4 were printed on the substrate BSA. The pigment concentrations of the printing layers SPA1 to SPA4 were set to 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%, respectively. Furthermore, areas without a printing layer were used as samples with a pigment concentration of 0%. For these samples, samples with the substrate BSA set to PET and samples with embossing were prepared. The sample with the substrate BSA set to PET is called "Sample WVF·PET". The sample with the substrate BSA set to embossing is called "Sample WVF·ENB". Figure 16 As shown in (b), four printing layers SPB1 to SPB4 were printed on the BSB substrate using inkjet printing. The pigment concentrations of the printing layers SPB1 to SPB4 were set to 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%, respectively. Furthermore, areas without a printing layer were used as samples with a pigment concentration of 0%. Samples with a PET substrate and samples with an embossed substrate were prepared. The sample with a PET substrate is referred to as "Sample IJ·PET". The sample with an embossed substrate is referred to as "Sample IJ·ENB".

[0226] Next, refer to Figure 17 Explain the angles used in the experiment. For example... Figure 17 As shown, a measurement point DP is set at a specified location on the printed material 2. A reference axis SL1 is set relative to the measurement point DP in a direction orthogonal to the printed material 2. An arbitrary direction DL1 is set, passing through the measurement point DP and inclined relative to the reference axis SL1. The angle formed by the arbitrary direction DL1 relative to the reference axis SL1 is set as the "zenith angle θ1". Furthermore, an arbitrary reference axis SL2 is set on the surface of the printed material 2 with the measurement point DP as the origin. The position of one direction of the reference axis SL1 is set as "0°", and the angle around the measurement point DP is set as the "azimuth angle θ2".

[0227] Next, the various measurements used to evaluate the aforementioned samples will be explained. First, the type of measurement performed for evaluating each sample will be explained. After in-depth research, we found that evaluation using L*a*b space is more suitable than evaluation based on xy space, which is a non-uniform space. The measuring apparatus is not particularly limited; here, a spectrophotometer "GC5000" (manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used as the measuring apparatus. A white point light was used as the light source. Under the condition of "D50", light was directed from a position with a zenith angle θ1 = 35 degrees towards the measurement area DP. It should be noted that "D50" refers to the CIE standard light source D50, which is a standard light specified by the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) for color measurement. In particular, it is widely used in industries such as color inspection, color evaluation, color correction, color confirmation in printing and manufacturing, and printing certification as a standard light source for simulating daylight. Black PET was used as the back side of each sample during measurement to enhance positive reflection. The diameter of the light spot at the measurement site was set to 8 mm. Measurements were performed at 2.5-degree intervals as the measurement resolution (angular resolution). The angle between the light-receiving part and the measurement site DP was set as "azimuth θ2 = 90 degrees" and "zenith angle θ1 = 0–40 degrees". It should be noted that in the following description, the zenith angle between the light-receiving part and the measurement site DP will sometimes be referred to as the "receiving angle". White plate correction was performed on the measurement results (xy). It should be noted that the "GC5000" manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Kogyo Co., Ltd. is a spectrophotometer for measuring the color of samples. This device can automatically move to any set receiving angle and continuously measure the spectrophotometric reflectance / transmittance at each angle. Furthermore, the device can calculate various color values ​​and generate curves based on the obtained data, thereby providing a detailed analysis of the optical characteristics of the sample.

[0228] Using the measuring apparatus described above, the chromaticity (a) of pigments with different concentrations was measured. * b * The shift in brightness at different concentrations. Figure 18 a is shown in the middle * b * Chroma diagram. * "Set as the horizontal axis, "b * "It is set as the vertical axis. It should be noted that when the point P representing the measurement result of the chromaticity diagram is determined, the hue is calculated based on the angle, and the chroma is calculated based on the distance to the center (coordinate (0, 0)).

[0229] Next, refer to Figure 19 and Figure 20 Regarding the reflection of each sample, a * b* The measurement results of the shift are explained. The horizontal axis is set as a. * Set the vertical axis to b * . Figure 19 (a) is a graph showing the results of the WVF·PET determination of the sample. Figure 19 (b) is a graph showing the results of the WVF·ENB determination for the sample. Figure 20 (a) is a graph showing the measurement results of sample IJ·PET. Figure 20 (b) is a graph showing the measurement results for sample IJ·ENB. It should be noted that in each graph, the plotted point that appears larger than other plotted points is the measurement result when the light-receiving angle is set to 0 degrees (perpendicular light). Starting from this point, the light-receiving part is moved to the position of positive reflection at each plotting interval of 2.5 degrees, and the progression of each plot is shown by connecting the lines.

[0230] like Figure 19 As shown, the samples of binocular membranes all depict a shape similar to the character "つ" (extending in a specified direction, folding back in a U-shape, and then returning in the opposite direction). This implies high vividness at angles other than orthophotos. On the other hand, as... Figure 20 As shown, the inkjet samples all depict shapes like the character "ノ" (a shape that extends in a gently curving manner in a specified direction). This means that by tilting the viewpoint relative to orthographic reflection, the color simply becomes darker.

[0231] Next, the difference in migration between the dual-vision film sample and the inkjet sample obtained as described above was quantified. Specifically, a graph representing the change in chroma was created. It should be noted that chroma is expressed as "sqrt(a)". 2 +b 2 The result is obtained by setting the horizontal axis to the angle of light and the vertical axis to chroma. Figure 21 (a) is a graph showing the results of the WVF·PET determination of the sample. Figure 21 (b) is a graph showing the results of the WVF·ENB determination for the sample. Figure 22 (a) is a graph showing the measurement results of sample IJ·PET. Figure 22 (b) is a graph showing the determination results for sample IJ·ENB. For example... Figure 21 As shown, for the binocular vision film samples, a mountain-shaped (i.e., upward-convex) peak can be identified in the concentration curves. For the binocular vision film samples, the higher the concentration, the more the peak position shifts towards the positive reflection direction. Furthermore, the higher the concentration, the higher the chroma peak value. Figure 22As shown, for the inkjet samples, no arbitrary trend in peak position was observed across concentrations, and chroma decreased to the right starting near orthoreflection. Furthermore, the overall chroma was low, and no concentration-induced trend was observed. In these results, since chroma was calculated using absolute values ​​(sum of squares), information related to the "direction" of the shift is unavailable. Without considering direction, comparing the 0% measurement results in the bi-vision film with other concentrations is difficult.

[0232] In summary, a graph focusing on the changes in the values ​​of a and b was created. The horizontal axis was set to the angle of illumination, and the vertical axis was set to either the value of a or the value of b. Figure 23 (a) is a graph representing the measurement results of the a value of the sample WVF·PET. Figure 23 (b) is a graph showing the results of the determination of the a value of sample WVF·ENB. Figure 24 (a) is a graph showing the results of the measurement of the b value of the sample WVF·PET. Figure 24 (b) is a graph showing the results of the determination of the b value of sample WVF·ENB. Figure 25 (a) is a graph representing the measurement results of the a value of sample IJ·PET. Figure 25 (b) is a graph showing the results of the a-value determination for sample IJ·ENB. Figure 26 (a) is a graph showing the results of the measurement of the b value of sample IJ·PET. Figure 26 (b) is a graph showing the determination results of the b value of sample IJ·ENB.

[0233] The a-value and b-value curves of the dual-vision film samples both exhibit mountain-like peaks within the light-receiving angle range of 0–30 degrees. The light-receiving angle and a-value at the peaks of the 100%–0% curves for samples WVF·PET and WVF·ENB were determined. First and third approximation lines were established for the range from 0 degrees to the peak, and second and fourth approximation lines were established for the range from the peak to 30 degrees. The slopes of each approximation line were calculated.

[0234] Here, in Figure 31 The calculation results for the slopes of the first to fourth approximation lines for each sample are shown in the text. It should be noted that the expression "wvf pet 000p p1 ref_sx.txt" in the "sample name" section refers to "wvf (distinguishing between WVF and IJ), pet (distinguishing between PET and ENB), 000p (percentage of concentration), p1 (distinguishing which of the three measurement sites 1-3), ref_sx.txt". Use... Figure 23 and Figure 24The data for each sample at each concentration in the data set, within the range of 0–30 degrees (light angle Δ = 2.5 degrees), were approximated using a quartic function in spreadsheet software (Microsoft Excel) to calculate the coefficients of each term (using the LINEST function). Substituting the values ​​of each angle within the 0–30 degree range (light angle Δ = 1 degree) into the aforementioned quartic function, an approximate line was derived. For example, Figure 32 This is an example of an approximate curve created using measured data from the third curve of the sample's WVF·ENB at 100%. The peak indices (corresponding to the angle of illumination) were determined from this approximate curve. The peak indices are expressed as... Figure 31 The "maximum indicator". Then, as... Figure 32 As shown, a point AP1 at 0°, a peak point AP2, and a point AP3 at 30° are defined for the approximate curve. The first approximate line AL1 is defined by connecting points AP1 and AP2. The second approximate line is defined by connecting points AP2 and AP3. By calculating the slopes of these approximate lines AL1 and AL2, the slopes of the first and second approximate lines can be obtained. The slopes of other samples, as well as the third and fourth approximate lines, can be calculated using the same method. Figures 33-36 The figure shows a histogram of the slopes of the approximate lines in each sample.

[0235] As mentioned above, in the a-value and b-value curves for samples WVF·PET and WVF·ENB from 100% to 25%, the absolute value of the slope of the second approximation line is greater than the absolute value of the slope of the first approximation line. Furthermore, the higher the concentration, the greater the absolute value of the slopes of both the first and second approximation lines. On the other hand, no peaks were observed for the inkjet samples.

[0236] Next, the brightness of each sample was measured. Here, the change in the Y value of each sample was measured using a measuring device. The horizontal axis was set as the angle of light reception, and the vertical axis was set as the brightness (Y value). Figure 27 (a) is a graph showing the results of the WVF·PET determination of the sample. Figure 27 (b) is a graph that magnifies the results for the range of 0 to 20 degrees. Figure 28 (a) is a graph showing the results of the WVF·ENB determination for the sample. Figure 28 (b) is a graph that magnifies the results for the range of 0 to 20 degrees. Figure 29 (a) is a graph showing the measurement results of sample IJ·PET. Figure 29 (b) is a graph that magnifies the results for the range of 0 to 20 degrees. Figure 30 (a) is a graph showing the measurement results for sample IJ·ENB. Figure 30(b) is a magnified graph of the results for the 0–20 degree range. An approximate line was established for the 0–20 degree range of the 100%–0% graphs of samples WVF·PET, WVF·ENB, IJ·PET, and IJ·ENB, and the slope of the approximate line was calculated. This result is shown in… Figure 37 It should be noted that, in Figure 38 The slope is shown in the table for the range of 0–15 degrees. Regarding the slope of brightness, for the measured results (0–15 degrees or 20 degrees), the slope of a linear function is calculated using a table calculation software (Microsoft's "EXCEL") (using the SLOPE function).

[0237] As mentioned above, the brightness at 20deg for samples WVF·PET and WVF·ENB increased with increasing concentration. However, for samples IJ·PET and IJ·ENB, there was no correlation with concentration; areas where the brightness was lower were observed in samples with higher concentrations compared to samples with lower concentrations.

[0238] Next, the printed material 2 manufactured based on the above measurement results will be described. Here, as... Figure 39 As shown, a pattern printing layer with a wood grain design was printed. First, inks of various concentrations used in the above-described experiment for dual-vision films were prepared. Using these inks, the pattern printing layer was printed on a translucent substrate. A unit measurement interval (DTE) was set at any position on the printed material 2. The unit measurement interval (DTE) is a square area, and the length of one side is not particularly limited; for example, it can be set to 10 cm.

[0239] like Figure 40 As shown in (a), multiple measurement sites (DTPs) are randomly set within the unit measurement interval (DTE). The pigment concentration at each measurement site (DTP) is any value greater than 0% and less than 100%. The a and b values ​​of reflected light from any measurement site (DTP) on the printed material 2 are measured within a light reception angle range of 0–30 degrees, and a curve is plotted. At this time, compared with... Figure 23 and Figure 24 Similarly, the first curve for the value of a has a mountain-like peak, and the second curve for the value of b has a mountain-like peak.

[0240] Furthermore, a first approximation line is set for the range from 0 degrees to the peak of the first curve, and a second approximation line is set for the range from the peak to 30 degrees. In this case, it is consistent with... Figure 23 and Figure 24Similarly, the absolute value of the slope of the second approximation line is greater than the absolute value of the slope of the first approximation line. A third approximation line is set for the range from 0° to the peak of the second curve, and a fourth approximation line is set for the range from the peak to 30°. In this case, [the approximation line is]... Figure 23 and Figure 24 Similarly, the absolute value of the slope of the fourth approximation line is greater than the absolute value of the slope of the third approximation line.

[0241] like Figure 40 As shown in (b), the region with the most intense color in the unit measurement interval DTE is designated as the dense region DTP1. For the dense region DTP1, a first approximation line is set for the range from 0 degrees to the peak of the first curve, and a second approximation line is set for the range from the peak to 30 degrees. A third approximation line is set for the range from 0 degrees to the peak of the second curve, and a fourth approximation line is set for the range from the peak to 30 degrees. The absolute values ​​of the slopes of the first and third approximation lines, and the slopes of the second and fourth approximation lines, are not particularly limited. In this case, the slope of the first approximation line can be 0.13 or higher. Furthermore, the slope of the third approximation line can be 0.14 or higher. The absolute value of the slope of the second approximation line can be 0.23 or higher. The absolute value of the slope of the fourth approximation line can be 0.34 or higher. The lower limit of the slope of these approximation lines is based on... Figure 31 The average slope of the WVF·ENB sample is shown as 50%. If the region is above these slopes, a pattern can be plotted in the region clearly showing the peak above 50%. It should be noted that the upper limit of each approximation line is not specifically limited, but... Figure 31 The value shown at 100% can be considered the upper limit.

[0242] Next, the relationship between printed material 2 and brightness will be explained. For example... Figure 40 As shown in (a), multiple arbitrary measurement sites (DTPs) with different color concentrations are set within the unit measurement interval (DTE). Multiple sites with different color concentrations are randomly selected as these multiple measurement sites (DTPs). The number of color concentration types (i.e., the number of measurement sites (DTPs)) is not particularly limited; for example, more than three or more can be selected. Alternatively, for a single concentration type, multiple (e.g., three) measurement sites (DTPs) can be measured, and their average value can be processed as a measurement value at that concentration. The brightness of reflected light from the multiple measurement sites (DTPs) is measured within a light reception angle range of 0–20 degrees, and a graph is plotted. In this case, the brightness of each measurement site (DTP) at 20 degrees increases as the color concentration at that measurement site (DTP) increases.

[0243] like Figure 40As shown in (b), within the unit measurement interval DTE, the region with the most intense color is designated as the dense region DTP1, and the region with the lightest color is designated as the sparse region DTP2. A curve is plotted for the dense region DTP1, and a first slope is set relative to this curve. A curve is plotted for the sparse region DTP2, and a second slope is set relative to this curve. In this case, the value of "first slope / second slope" can be 1.7 or higher. Figure 37 The slope is calculated by taking the average of three results for 100% of the WFP·PET sample as the first slope and the average of three results for 0% of the WFP·PET sample as the second slope. The ratio of "first slope / second slope" is then 5.63. When creating a pattern, the entire concentration range of 0-100% can be omitted, but by ensuring the concentration has a defined range, the pattern's expressiveness can be improved. As a baseline, a range of approximately 30% can improve expressiveness. That is, since "5.63 × 0.3 = 1.69", setting the "first slope / second slope" to 1.7 or higher improves the pattern's expressiveness. Furthermore, to achieve a range of approximately 40%, the "first slope / second slope" can be set to 2.3 or higher; to achieve a range of approximately 50%, the "first slope / second slope" can be set to 2.8 or higher.

[0244] Figure 41 This is a schematic side view showing the printed material 50 and the display device 100 manufactured by the manufacturing method described above. The display device 100 includes the printed material 50 and the display device 70. As the printed material 2, a reference retrieval system can be used. Figures 1 to 15 The printed material 2 used for illustration. Therefore, the printed material 2 has at least a translucent substrate 4 and a pattern printing layer 5. The purpose and application of the printed material 50 and the display device 100 are not limited. For example, the printed material 50 and the display device 100 can be used for the following purposes.

[0245] • A device that transmits images through walls and ceilings, embedded in bedrooms, kitchens, living rooms, etc.

[0246] • Information displays on tabletops, kitchen doors, system kitchen exteriors, kitchen panels, island kitchen back panels, refrigerator doors, and entryway doors.

[0247] • Hidden intercom and control panel installations on washroom walls, wardrobe doors, bathroom interior walls, toilet interiors, doors, and walls.

[0248] • Bed headboards, music stands for electronic pianos, restaurant tables, tablets for ordering food, surfaces of tables and desks in cultural facilities such as schools and libraries, walls of entertainment facilities, elevator displays, elevator walls, and parcel lockers.

[0249] • Hide the display of mobile delivery vehicles or robots; hide the display of business or home robots.

[0250] • Hidden displays of advertisements inside and outside public transportation such as buses or trams; ATM (automatic teller machine) displays; ticket machines; billboards with scenic views; timetable displays; vending machine displays; shop windows; election poster boards; and information display boards during disasters.

[0251] • Concealing the display components of home appliances (vacuum cleaners, electric fans, microwave ovens, rice cookers, kettles, coffee makers, microwave ovens, ovens, air conditioners, washing machines, refrigerators, clocks, televisions, fax machines, telephones, printers, wine cellars, etc.)

[0252] • Display and hiding of smartphones and mobile devices

[0253] • Moving interior trim (instrument panel, information display, door trim, interior lining, headliner), moving exterior trim surfaces

[0254] • Devices such as monitors, wearable devices, VR (Virtual Reality) goggles, and e-paper.

[0255] ·Tombstones, stele and other stone objects

[0256] Musical instruments, toys and other equipment

[0257] • Walls (other than the walls shown in the examples above)

[0258] Next, the function / effect of the printed material 50 will be explained.

[0259] The pattern printing layer 5 is disposed on one side of the light-transmitting substrate 4 and includes a pattern layer composed of multiple dots. Each dot contains an adhesive and multiple pigment flakes dispersed within the adhesive. The pigment flakes are interference pigments. In this case, the pattern printing layer 5 can conceal the presence of the light source through the pattern when the light source is off. Therefore, the pattern of the pattern printing layer 5 is displayed on the printed matter 50. On the other hand, when the light source is lit, the pattern printing layer 5 allows light from the light source to pass through. In summary, the pattern on the surface can be visually identified when the light source from the back is not lit, and the content displayed by the light source can be visually identified through the pattern when the light source from the back is lit. Here, the a-value and b-value of the reflected light from any measurement point of the printed matter 50 are measured within a light reception angle range of 0 to 30 degrees and a curve is generated. In this case, the first curve of the a-value has a mountain-shaped peak, and the second curve of the b-value has a mountain-shaped peak. In this case, compared with inkjet printing, the color is easily identified even when viewed from an angle of direct reflection away from the light source. In summary, this can improve the quality of the drawings.

[0260] Alternatively, a first approximation line can be set for the range from 0° to the peak of the first curve, and a second approximation line can be set for the range from the peak to 30°. In this case, the absolute value of the slope of the second approximation line is greater than the absolute value of the slope of the first approximation line. A third approximation line can be set for the range from 0° to the peak of the second curve, and a fourth approximation line can be set for the range from the peak to 30°. In this case, the absolute value of the slope of the fourth approximation line is greater than the absolute value of the slope of the third approximation line.

[0261] Alternatively, an arbitrary unit measurement interval can be set for the printed material 50. Within this interval, the area with the most concentrated color is designated as the dense region. For the dense region, a first approximation line is set for the range from 0° to the peak of the first curve, a second approximation line is set for the range from the peak to 30°, a third approximation line is set for the range from 0° to the peak of the second curve, and a fourth approximation line is set for the range from the peak to 30°. The slope of the first approximation line is 0.13 or higher, and the slope of the third approximation line is 0.14 or higher. In this case, a pattern can be created within the concentration range where the peak clearly appears.

[0262] Alternatively, an arbitrary unit measurement interval can be set for the printed material 50. Within this interval, the area with the most concentrated color is designated as the dense region. For the dense region, a first approximation line is set for the range from 0° to the peak of the first curve, a second approximation line is set for the range from the peak to 30°, a third approximation line is set for the range from 0° to the peak of the second curve, and a fourth approximation line is set for the range from the peak to 30°. The absolute value of the slope of the second approximation line is 0.23 or higher, and the absolute value of the slope of the fourth approximation line is 0.34 or higher. In this case, a pattern can be created within the concentration range where the peak clearly appears.

[0263] Furthermore, an arbitrary measurement interval is set for the printed material 50. Within this interval, multiple arbitrary measurement sites with varying color concentrations are established. The brightness of reflected light from these sites is measured within a light reception angle range of 0–20 degrees, and a graph is generated. In this case, the brightness of each measurement site at 20 degrees increases as the color concentration at that site increases. This makes it easier to control the relationship between color concentration and brightness during printing, allowing for the consideration of this relationship to produce high-quality images. In conclusion, this improves the quality of the printed image.

[0264] Alternatively, within a unit measurement interval, the areas with the most concentrated color are designated as dense areas, and the areas with the lightest color are designated as sparse areas. A curve is plotted for the dense areas, and a first slope is set relative to this curve. The same curve is plotted for the sparse areas, and a second slope is set relative to this curve. In this case, the value of "first slope / second slope" is 1.7 or higher. In this case, printing can be performed within a concentration range that allows for easy control of the relationship between color concentration and brightness during printing, ensuring that the concentration of the pigment used has a certain degree of variation. Thus, by allowing for a wide range of concentrations, the expressiveness of the image can be improved.

[0265] By using Figure 3 , Figure 6 The printed material 2 can also be a printed material 50 that further has a white pattern layer 40. This white pattern layer 40 is disposed on the pattern printing layer 5 and is composed of multiple silver dots. Each of the multiple silver dots contains a silver binder 42 and multiple silver pigment flakes 43 dispersed within the silver binder 42. As a result, the first color pattern layer 10 and the second color pattern layer 20 have excellent color rendering properties, and the pattern printing layer 5 can have a pattern that gives a white impression.

[0266] By using Figure 6The printed material 2, in the printed material 50, may also include a transmissive smoke printing layer 30, which is disposed on the outermost surface opposite to the light-transmitting substrate 4, relative to the pattern printing layer 5. As a result, the color rendering of the first color pattern layer 10 and the second color pattern layer 20 is superior. Furthermore, since the transmissive smoke printing layer 30 is transmissive, it effectively suppresses the decrease in visual recognizability of the image on the display device 1.

[0267] By using Figure 2 As a pattern printing layer 5, in the printed matter 50, the pattern layer may also include: a first color pattern layer 10, disposed on one side of the light-transmitting substrate 4, composed of a plurality of first color dots; and a second color pattern layer 20, disposed on the first color pattern layer 10, composed of a plurality of second color dots, each of the first color dots including a first color binder and a plurality of first color pigment flakes dispersed within the first color binder, each of the second color dots including a second color binder and a plurality of second color pigment flakes dispersed within the second color binder, either of the first color pigment flakes or the second color pigment flakes including multiple colors of interference pigments that are different from each other when interfering light as the reflected light side is displayed, and the other of the first color pigment flakes or the second color pigment flakes including an interference pigment that is different from the mixed color displayed by the interference light as the reflected light side is displayed, and the interference light is mixed additively. Since the first color pattern layer 10 contains first interference pigments 14a and 14b, and the second color pattern layer 20 contains second interference pigment 24, a three-dimensional pattern can be achieved even with a relatively small number of printing layers. Furthermore, in printed matter 2, since the pattern layer containing interference pigments that generate mutually different interference lights is only the first color pattern layer 10 of the first color pattern layer and the second color pattern layer 20, the color matching and registration operations during printing can be simplified. Therefore, according to printed matter 2, a three-dimensional pattern can be achieved even with a relatively small number of printing layers, and the color matching and registration operations during printing can be simplified.

[0268] By adopting Figure 9As a pattern printing layer 5, in the printed matter 50, the pattern layer may also include: a first color pattern layer disposed on one side of the translucent substrate 4, composed of a plurality of first color dots; and a second color pattern layer 20 disposed on the first color pattern layer 10, composed of a plurality of second color dots. Each first color dot includes a first color binder and a plurality of first color pigment flakes dispersed within the first color binder. Each second color dot includes a second color binder and a plurality of second color pigment flakes dispersed within the second color binder. The plurality of first color pigment flakes are first interference pigments that generate monochromatic first interference light, and the plurality of second color pigment flakes are second interference pigments that generate monochromatic second interference light with a color different from that of the first interference pigments. The first interference light and the second interference light are mixed additively. For example, for patterns that can be represented with fewer colors, by limiting the interference pigments contained in the first color pattern layer 10 and the second color pattern layer 20 to monochromatic, the pattern can be represented using only the intensity of the monochromatic color. This simplifies color mixing and registration operations during printing. Therefore, this printed material simplifies color matching and plate registration during printing.

[0269] By using Figure 12As a pattern printing layer 5, in the printed matter 50, the pattern layer may also include: a first color pattern layer 10, disposed on one side of the light-transmitting substrate 4, composed of a plurality of first color dots; and a second color pattern layer 20, disposed on the first color pattern layer 10, composed of a plurality of second color dots, each of the first color dots comprising a first color binder and a plurality of first color pigment flakes dispersed within the first color binder, each of the second color dots comprising a second color binder and a plurality of second color pigment flakes dispersed within the second color binder, either of the plurality of first color pigment flakes and the plurality of second color pigment flakes being first interference pigments of multiple colors that generate first interference light of different colors respectively, and the other of the plurality of first color pigment flakes and the plurality of second color pigment flakes being second interference pigments that generate second interference light of a monochromatic color that is the same as any one of the plurality of first interference pigments, and additive color mixing of the plurality of first interference lights and the second interference lights. Since either the first color pattern layer 10 or the second color pattern layer 20 contains interference pigments of multiple colors that generate different interference lights, a three-dimensional pattern representation can be achieved even with a smaller number of printing layers. Furthermore, in this printed material 50, since the pattern layer containing interference pigments that generate multiple interference lights can be either the first color pattern layer 10 or the second color pattern layer 20, color matching and registration operations during printing can be simplified. On the other hand, the other of the first color pattern layer 10 and the second color pattern layer 20 contains a second interference pigment that generates a monochromatic second interference light of the same color as any of the multiple first interference pigments. For example, for patterns that can be represented with fewer colors, by limiting the second interference pigment to a monochromatic color that is the same as the first interference pigment, the intensity of the monochromatic color can be used to represent the pattern. Moreover, when it is desired to emphasize a particular color, it is easier to adjust that color by using both the first color pattern layer 10 and the second color pattern layer 20 compared to adjusting using only one color pattern layer. Furthermore, if excessive interference pigment is added to a single color pattern layer, the strength of the coating film decreases. However, by using two color pattern layers, this decrease in strength can be suppressed. In summary, this simplifies color mixing and registration operations during printing.

[0270] As one aspect, the display device 100 includes the aforementioned printed material 50 and display device 70.

[0271] The same function / effect as the printed material 50 described above can be obtained in the display device 100.

[0272] In one aspect, in the method of manufacturing printed matter 50, the printed matter has at least a light-transmitting substrate and a pattern printing layer. The pattern printing layer is disposed on one side of the light-transmitting substrate and includes a pattern layer composed of multiple dots. Each of the multiple dots contains an adhesive and multiple pigment flakes dispersed within the adhesive. The multiple pigment flakes are interference pigments. The manufacturing method prints the pattern printing layer in such a way that the a-value and b-value of reflected light from any measurement location of the printed matter are measured within a light reception angle range of 0 to 30 degrees, and a curve is generated. In this case, the first curve of the a-value has a mountain-shaped peak, and the second curve of the b-value has a mountain-shaped peak.

[0273] Furthermore, in the manufacturing method of printed matter 50, the printed matter has at least a light-transmitting substrate and a pattern printing layer. The pattern printing layer is disposed on one side of the light-transmitting substrate and includes a pattern layer composed of multiple dots. Each of the multiple dots contains an adhesive and multiple pigment flakes dispersed within the adhesive. The multiple pigment flakes are interference pigments. The manufacturing method prints the pattern printing layer in the following manner: an arbitrary unit measurement range is set for the printed matter, and multiple arbitrary measurement sites with different color concentrations are set in the unit measurement range. The brightness of reflected light from the multiple measurement sites is measured within a light reception angle range of 0 to 20 degrees, and a curve is generated. In this case, the brightness of each measurement site at 20 degrees increases as the color at the measurement site becomes more concentrated.

[0274] In this manufacturing method, the same function / effect as the printed material 50 described above can be obtained.

[0275] This disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described above.

[0276] For example, in the above description, specific samples were prepared for the measurement, but the conditions of materials, patterns, etc. are not limited to those of the samples and can be applied to all conditions.

[0277] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0278] 2: Printed material; 4: Translucent substrate; 5: Pattern printing layer; 10: First color pattern layer; 20: Second color pattern layer; 40: White pattern layer; 50: Printed material; 70: Display device; 100: Display device.

Claims

1. A printed matter, wherein, The printed matter is a printed matter that has at least a translucent substrate and a pattern printing layer. The pattern printing layer is disposed on one side of the light-transmitting substrate and includes a pattern layer composed of multiple dots. Each of the plurality of dots comprises an adhesive and a plurality of pigment flakes dispersed within the adhesive. The multiple pigment plates are interference pigments. Within a light reception angle range of 0–30 degrees, the a and b values ​​of reflected light from any measurement location on the printed material were measured and plotted as a graph. In this case, the first curve of the a value has a mountain-shaped peak, and the second curve of the b value has a mountain-shaped peak.

2. The printed matter according to claim 1, wherein, A first approximation line is defined for the range from 0 degrees to the peak of the first curve, and a second approximation line is defined for the range from the peak to 30 degrees. In this case, the absolute value of the slope of the second approximation line is greater than the absolute value of the slope of the first approximation line. A third approximation line is set for the range from 0 degrees to the peak of the second curve, and a fourth approximation line is set for the range from the peak to 30 degrees. In this case, the absolute value of the slope of the fourth approximation line is greater than the absolute value of the slope of the third approximation line.

3. The printed matter according to claim 1, wherein, An arbitrary unit measurement interval is set for the printed material, and the area with the most concentrated color within the unit measurement interval is designated as the dense area. For the dense portion A first approximation line is set for the range from 0 degrees to the peak of the first curve, and a second approximation line is set for the range from the peak to 30 degrees. A third approximation line is set for the range from 0 degrees to the peak of the second curve, and a fourth approximation line is set for the range from the peak to 30 degrees. The slope of the first approximation line is greater than 0.

13. The slope of the third approximation line is greater than 0.

14.

4. The printed matter according to claim 1, wherein, An arbitrary unit measurement interval is set for the printed material, and the area with the most concentrated color within the unit measurement interval is designated as the dense area. For the dense portion A first approximation line is set for the range from 0 degrees to the peak of the first curve, and a second approximation line is set for the range from the peak to 30 degrees. A third approximation line is set for the range from 0 degrees to the peak of the second curve, and a fourth approximation line is set for the range from the peak to 30 degrees. The absolute value of the slope of the second approximate line is greater than 0.

23. The absolute value of the slope of the fourth approximation line is greater than 0.

34.

5. A printed matter, wherein, The printed matter is a printed matter that has at least a translucent substrate and a pattern printing layer. The pattern printing layer is disposed on one side of the light-transmitting substrate and includes a pattern layer composed of multiple dots. Each of the plurality of dots comprises an adhesive and a plurality of pigment flakes dispersed within the adhesive. The multiple pigment plates are interference pigments. The printed material is set with arbitrary unit measurement intervals, and within these intervals, multiple arbitrary measurement sites with different color concentrations are set. The brightness of reflected light from multiple measurement sites was measured within a light reception angle range of 0–20 degrees, and a graph was plotted. In this case, the brightness of each measurement site at 20 degrees increases as the color at the measurement site becomes more intense.

6. The printed matter according to claim 5, wherein, Within the unit measurement interval, the area with the most intense color is designated as the dense region, and the area with the lightest color is designated as the sparse region. The curve is generated for the dense portion, and a first slope is set relative to the curve. The curve is plotted for the sparse portion, and a second slope is set relative to the curve. In this case, the value of "first slope / second slope" is greater than 1.

7.

7. The printed matter according to claim 1, wherein, The printed material also has a white pattern layer, which is disposed on the pattern printing layer and consists of multiple silver dots. Each of the plurality of silver dots comprises a silver binder and a plurality of silver pigment flakes dispersed within the silver binder.

8. The printed matter according to claim 1, wherein, The printed material also has a translucent smoke-colored printing layer disposed on the outermost surface opposite to the translucent substrate, relative to the pattern printing layer.

9. The printed matter according to claim 1, wherein, The pattern layer has: A first-color pattern layer, disposed on one side of the translucent substrate, is composed of a plurality of first-color dots; and The second color pattern layer, disposed on the first color pattern layer, is composed of multiple second color dots. Each of the first color dots comprises a first color binder and a plurality of first color pigment flakes dispersed within the first color binder. Each of the second color dots comprises a second color binder and a plurality of second color pigment flakes dispersed within the second color binder. The first color pigment plate and the second color pigment plate each contain multiple different interference pigments that are displayed by interference light as reflected light. The other of the first and second color pigment sheets contains an interference pigment that produces color by interference light as the reflected light side, and whose color rendering differs from the mixed color rendering of the multiple colors of interference pigments contained in either of the first and second color pigment sheets. The interference light is mixed with additive colors.

10. The printed matter according to claim 1, wherein, The pattern layer has: A first-color pattern layer, disposed on one side of the translucent substrate, is composed of a plurality of first-color dots; and The second color pattern layer, disposed on the first color pattern layer, is composed of multiple second color dots. Each of the first color dots comprises a first color binder and a plurality of first color pigment flakes dispersed within the first color binder. Each of the second color dots comprises a second color binder and a plurality of second color pigment flakes dispersed within the second color binder. The plurality of first-color pigment plates are the first interference pigments that generate monochromatic first interference light. The plurality of second-color pigment plates are second interference pigments that generate monochromatic second interference light with colors different from those exhibited by the first interference pigment. The first interference light and the second interference light are mixed with additive colors.

11. The printed matter according to claim 1, wherein, The pattern layer has: A first-color pattern layer, disposed on one side of the translucent substrate, is composed of a plurality of first-color dots; and The second color pattern layer, disposed on the first color pattern layer, is composed of multiple second color dots. Each of the first color dots comprises a first color binder and a plurality of first color pigment flakes dispersed within the first color binder. Each of the second color dots comprises a second color binder and a plurality of second color pigment flakes dispersed within the second color binder. Each of the plurality of first-color pigment plates and the plurality of second-color pigment plates is a first interference pigment that generates multiple colors of first interference light that are distinct from each other. The other of the plurality of first-color pigment plates and the plurality of second-color pigment plates is a second interference pigment that generates monochromatic second interference light of the same color as any one of the plurality of first interference pigments. Multiple types of the first interference light and the second interference light are mixed by additive color mixing.

12. A display device, wherein, The device comprises a printing material and a display as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A method for manufacturing printed matter, wherein, The printed material has at least a translucent substrate and a pattern printing layer. The pattern printing layer is disposed on one side of the light-transmitting substrate and includes a pattern layer composed of multiple dots. Each of the plurality of dots comprises an adhesive and a plurality of pigment flakes dispersed within the adhesive. The multiple pigment plates are interference pigments. The manufacturing method prints the pattern printing layer in the following manner: Within a light reception angle range of 0–30 degrees, the a and b values ​​of reflected light from any measurement location on the printed material were measured and plotted as a graph. In this case, the first curve of the a value has a mountain-shaped peak, and the second curve of the b value has a mountain-shaped peak.

14. A method for manufacturing printed matter, wherein, The printed material has at least a translucent substrate and a pattern printing layer. The pattern printing layer is disposed on one side of the light-transmitting substrate and includes a pattern layer composed of multiple dots. Each of the plurality of dots comprises an adhesive and a plurality of pigment flakes dispersed within the adhesive. The multiple pigment plates are interference pigments. The manufacturing method prints the pattern printing layer in the following manner: The printed material is set with arbitrary unit measurement intervals, and within these intervals, multiple arbitrary measurement sites with different color concentrations are set. The brightness of reflected light from multiple measurement sites was measured within a light reception angle range of 0–20 degrees, and a graph was plotted. In this case, the brightness of each measurement site at 20 degrees increases as the color at the measurement site becomes more intense.

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