Resource allocation of signals for synchronization and beam acquisition

Abstract

The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. Apparatuses and methods for resource allocation of signals for energy-efficient synchronization and beam acquisition. A method performed by a user equipment includes receiving a first one or more communication elements from a first cell, determining resources for a second communication element based on information in the first one or more communication elements, and transmitting the second communication element based on the determined resources. The method further includes receiving a third one or more communication elements from a second cell after a time T from the second communication element, and identifying a spatial domain filter for reception from the second cell and a spatial domain filter for transmission to the second cell based on the third one or more communication elements. The third one or more communication elements and the time T are based on information from the first cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to wireless communication systems, and more specifically, to methods and apparatus for resource allocation of signals for energy-efficient synchronization and beam acquisition. Background Technology

[0002] 5G mobile communication technology defines a wide frequency band, enabling high transmission rates and new services. It can be implemented not only in sub-6GHz bands (such as 3.5GHz) but also in "above 6GHz" bands (including 28GHz and 39GHz), known as millimeter wave (mmWave). Furthermore, to achieve transmission rates fifty times faster than 5G and ultra-low latency one-tenth that of 5G, the industry is considering implementing 6G mobile communication technology (referred to as "super 5G systems") in terahertz bands (e.g., the 95GHz to 3THz band).

[0003] In the early stages of 5G mobile communication technology development, to support services and meet performance requirements related to enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), and massive machine-type communication (mMTC), standardization work was continuously carried out in the following areas: beamforming and massive MIMO to reduce path loss and increase transmission distance of millimeter-wave radio waves; dynamic operation supporting parameter sets (e.g., operating multiple subcarrier spacings) to efficiently utilize millimeter-wave resources and time slot formats; initial access technologies supporting multi-beam transmission and broadband; definition and operation of BWP (bandwidth portion); novel channel coding methods for large-scale data transmission (such as LDPC (low-density parity-check) codes) and polar codes for highly reliable transmission of control information; L2 preprocessing; and network slicing for providing dedicated networks for specific services.

[0004] Currently, considering the services that 5G mobile communication technology will support, discussions are underway regarding improvements and performance enhancements to the initial 5G mobile communication technology, and physical layer standardization work has begun on technologies such as: V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), used to assist autonomous vehicles in making driving decisions and improve user convenience based on information sent by vehicles about their location and status; NR-U (Unlicensed New Radio), which aims to make system operation compliant with various regulatory requirements in unlicensed frequency bands; NR UE power saving; and Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN), which provides UE-satellite direct communication for coverage and positioning in areas where communication with terrestrial networks is not possible.

[0005] Furthermore, standardization efforts have been ongoing in the air interface architecture / protocol domain regarding technologies such as: Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for supporting new services through interoperability and convergence with other industries; IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul) for providing nodes for network service area extension by supporting radio backhaul links and access links in an integrated manner; mobility enhancement technologies, including conditional handover and DAPS (Dual Active Stack) handover; and two-step random access technology (2-step RACH for NR) for simplifying the random access process. In the system architecture / service domain, standardization efforts have also been ongoing regarding: 5G baseline architecture (e.g., service-based architecture or service-based interface) for combining Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technologies; and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) for receiving services based on UE location.

[0006] With the commercialization of 5G mobile communication systems, the already exponentially growing number of connected devices will connect to the communication network. Accordingly, enhanced functionality and performance of 5G mobile communication systems, as well as the integrated operation of connected devices, are expected to be necessary. To this end, new research is planned related to the following: extended reality (XR) for effectively supporting augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed reality (MR), etc.; improving 5G performance and reducing complexity by leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML); AI service support; metaverse service support; and drone communication.

[0007] Furthermore, this development of 5G mobile communication systems will not only serve as the foundation for developing new waveforms for providing terahertz band coverage for 6G mobile communication technologies, multi-antenna transmission technologies (such as full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and massive MIMO), metamaterial-based lenses and antennas for improving terahertz band signal coverage, high-dimensional spatial multiplexing technologies using orbital angular momentum (OAM), and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), but also as the foundation for developing full-duplex technologies to improve the frequency efficiency of 6G mobile communication technologies and improve system networks, AI-based communication technologies to implement system optimization by leveraging satellites and artificial intelligence (AI) from the design stage and internalizing end-to-end AI support capabilities, and next-generation distributed computing technologies to implement services with complexity exceeding the limits of UE operational capabilities by utilizing ultra-high-performance communication and computing resources.

[0008] Wireless communication is one of the most successful innovations in modern history. Recently, the number of users of wireless communication services surpassed 5 billion and continues to grow rapidly. The demand for wireless data traffic is growing rapidly due to the increasing prevalence of smartphones and other mobile data devices (such as tablets, laptops, netbooks, e-book readers, and machine-type devices) among consumers and businesses. To meet this rapid growth in mobile data traffic and support new applications and deployments, improving the efficiency and coverage of radio interfaces is crucial. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for resource allocation of signals for energy-efficient synchronization and beam acquisition.

[0010] In one embodiment, a user equipment (UE) is provided. The UE includes a transceiver configured to receive one or more first communication elements from a first cell and a processor operatively coupled to the transceiver. The processor is configured to determine resources for a second communication element based on information in the first or more communication elements. The transceiver is further configured to transmit the second communication element based on the determined resources, and to receive one or more third communication elements from the second cell after a time T from the second communication element. The third or more communication elements and the time T are based on information from the first cell. The processor is further configured to identify a spatial domain filter for receiving from the second cell and a spatial domain filter for transmitting to the second cell based on the third or more communication elements.

[0011] In another embodiment, a base station (BS) is provided. The BS includes a transceiver configured to transmit a first or more communication elements from a first cell and receive a second communication element. The first or more communication elements include information about the second communication element and time T. The BS also includes a processor operatively coupled to the transceiver. The processor is configured to determine, based on the information in the second communication element, resources from the second cell for a third or more communication elements. The transceiver is further configured to transmit the third or more communication elements at time T from the start of the second communication, based on the determined resources.

[0012] In another embodiment, a method for operating a UE is provided. The method includes receiving one or more first communication elements from a first cell, determining resources for a second communication element based on information in the first or more communication elements, and transmitting the second communication element based on the determined resources. The method further includes receiving one or more third communication elements from a second cell after a time T from the second communication element, and identifying a spatial domain filter for receiving from the second cell and a spatial domain filter for transmitting to the second cell based on the third or more communication elements. The third or more communication elements and the time T are based on information from the first cell.

[0013] Other technical features will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following figures, description and claims.

[0014] Before proceeding with the detailed description below, it may be advantageous to define certain words and phrases used throughout this patent document. The term “coupled” and its derivatives refer to any direct or indirect communication between two or more elements, whether or not these elements are physically in contact with each other. The terms “transmit,” “receive,” and “communicate,” and their derivatives include both direct and indirect communication. The terms “comprising” and “including,” and their derivatives, mean including but not limited to. The term “or” is inclusive, meaning and / or. The phrase “associated with,” and its derivatives, mean including, being included in, interconnected with, containing, being contained within, connected to or connected to, coupled to or coupled with, able to communicate with, cooperate with, interleaved, juxtaposed, proximate, bound to or bound to, having, possessing the properties of, having a relationship to or with, etc. The term “controller” means any device, system, or part thereof that controls at least one operation. Such a controller may be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software and / or firmware. The functionality associated with any particular controller may be centralized or distributed, local or remote. When used with a list of items, the phrase "at least one" means that different combinations of one or more of the listed items may be used, and it may be necessary to use only one item from the list. For example, "at least one of A, B, and C" includes any of the following combinations: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and A and B and C.

[0015] Furthermore, the various functions described below can be implemented or supported by one or more computer programs, each computer program being formed by computer-readable program code and embodied in a computer-readable medium. The terms "application" and "program" refer to one or more computer programs, software components, instruction sets, procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, associated data, or portions thereof suitable for implementation in appropriate computer-readable program code. The phrase "computer-readable program code" includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code, and executable code. The phrase "computer-readable medium" includes any type of medium accessible by a computer, such as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), hard disk drive, optical disc (CD), digital video disc (DVD), or any other type of storage. "Non-transitory" computer-readable media does not include wired, wireless, optical, or other communication links that transmit transient electrical or other signals. Non-transitory computer-readable media includes media in which data can be permanently stored and media in which data can be stored and later rewritten, such as rewritable optical discs or erasable memory devices.

[0016] Definitions of certain other words and phrases are provided throughout this patent document. Those skilled in the art will understand that, in many cases (if not most), such definitions apply to the prior and future use of the words and phrases defined in this way.

[0017] According to embodiments of this disclosure, energy-efficient synchronization and beam acquisition are enhanced. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To gain a more complete understanding of this disclosure and its advantages, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like parts:

[0019] Figure 1 An example of a wireless network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0020] Figure 2 An example of a BS according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown;

[0021] Figure 3 An example of a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0022] Figure 4A illustrates an example of a wireless transmission path according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figure 4B illustrates an example of a wireless reception path according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 5A illustrates an example of beam operation in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 5B illustrates an example of multi-beam operation in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 6 An example of a transmitter structure for beamforming according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0027] Figure 7 Examples of signals and channels for performing a cell search procedure according to embodiments of the present disclosure are shown;

[0028] Figure 8 A Type 1 random access procedure in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated;

[0029] Figure 9 A type 2 random access procedure in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated;

[0030] Figure 10 An example of BS or TRP operation in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0031] Figure 11 An example of a signal transmission process in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0032] Figure 12A shows an example of the signal structure of a signal transmitted in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 12B shows an example of the signal structure of a signal transmitted in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 12C shows an example of the signal structure of a signal transmitted in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 12D shows an example of the signal structure of a signal transmitted in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 13 An example of the signal structure of a signal transmitted in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0037] Figure 14 An example of the signal structure of a signal transmitted in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0038] Figure 15 An example of the signal structure of a signal transmitted in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0039] Figure 16 An example of the signal structure of a signal transmitted in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0040] Figure 17 An example of a signal transmission process in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0041] Figure 18A illustrates an example of a signal transmission process in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 18B illustrates an example of a signal transmission process in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] Figure 19 An example of signal transmission in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0044] Figure 20 An example of signal transmission in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0045] Figure 21A illustrates an example of signal transmission in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] Figure 21B illustrates an example of signal transmission in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] Figure 22 An example of signal transmission in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown; and

[0048] Figure 23 An example of a method performed by a UE in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The following discussion Figures 1-23 The various non-limiting embodiments used to describe the principles of this disclosure in this patent document are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure in any way. Those skilled in the art will understand that the principles of this disclosure can be implemented in any suitably arranged system or device.

[0050] To meet the increased demand for wireless data services since the deployment of 4G communication systems, and to enable various vertical applications, 5G / NR communication systems have been developed and are currently being deployed. 5G / NR communication systems are implemented in higher frequency (millimeter wave (mmWave) bands) (e.g., 28 GHz or 60 GHz bands) to achieve higher data rates, or in lower frequency bands (such as 6 GHz) to achieve robust coverage and mobility support. To reduce radio wave propagation loss and increase transmission distance, beamforming, massive MIMO, full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, analog beamforming, and massive MIMO technologies are discussed in 5G / NR communication systems.

[0051] In addition, in 5G / NR communication systems, system network improvements are being developed based on advanced small cells, cloud radio access networks (RAN) ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D) communication, wireless backhaul, mobile networks, cooperative communication, coordinated multipoint (CoMP), receiver interference cancellation, and network and device energy saving.

[0052] The discussion of 5G systems and their associated frequency bands is for informational purposes only, as some embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in 5G systems. However, this disclosure is not limited to 5G systems or their associated frequency bands, and embodiments of this disclosure can be utilized in combination with any frequency band. For example, aspects of this disclosure can also be applied to 5G communication systems, 6G, or even newer deployments using terahertz (THz) frequency bands.

[0053] The following descriptions of references and standards are hereby incorporated in this disclosure by reference, as if fully set forth herein: [REF1] 3GPP TS 38.211 v18.1.0, "NR; Physical Channels and Modulation"; [REF2] 3GPP TS 38.212 v18.1.0, "NR; Multiplexing and Channel Coding"; [REF3] 3GPP TS 38.213 v18.1.0, "NR; Physical Layer Procedures for Control"; [REF4] 3GPP TS 38.214 v18.1.0, "NR; Physical Layer Procedures for Data"; [REF5] 3GPP TS 38.321 v18.0.0, "NR; Media Access Control (MAC) Protocol Specification"; and [REF6] 3GPP TS 38.331 v18.0.0, "NR; Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol Specification".

[0054] The following Figures 1-3 Various embodiments of communication technologies implemented in wireless communication systems and using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) are described. Figures 1-3 The description does not imply any physical or architectural limitations on how the different embodiments can be implemented. Different embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented in any suitably arranged communication system.

[0055] Figure 1 An example of a wireless network 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 1 The embodiment of the wireless network 100 shown is for illustrative purposes only. Other embodiments of the wireless network 100 may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, the wireless network 100 includes gNB 101 (e.g., a base station, BS), gNB 102, and gNB 103. gNB 101 communicates with gNB 102 and gNB 103. gNB 101 also communicates with at least one network 130 (such as the Internet, a proprietary Internet Protocol (IP) network, or other data network).

[0057] gNB 102 provides wireless broadband access to network 130 to a first plurality of user equipments (UEs) within its coverage area 120. The first plurality of UEs includes UE 111, which may be located in a small business; UE 112, which may be located in an enterprise; UE 113, which may be a WiFi hotspot; UE 114, which may be located in a first residence; UE 115, which may be located in a second residence; and UE 116, which may be a mobile device, such as a cellular phone, wireless laptop computer, wireless PDA, etc. gNB 103 provides wireless broadband access to network 130 to a second plurality of UEs within its coverage area 125. The second plurality of UEs includes UE 115 and UE 116. In some embodiments, one or more of gNBs 101-103 may communicate with each other and with UEs 111-116 using 5G / NR, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-A Advanced, WiMAX, WiFi, or other wireless communication technologies.

[0058] Depending on the network type, the term "base station" or "BS" can refer to any component (or set of components) configured to provide wireless access to a network, such as a transmitting point (TP), a transmitting-receiving point (TRP), an enhanced base station (eNodeB or eNB), a 5G / NR base station (gNB), a macro cell, a femtocell, a WiFi access point (AP), or other wirelessly enabled equipment. A base station can provide wireless access according to one or more wireless communication protocols, such as 5G / NR 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) NR, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Wi-Fi 802.11a / b / g / n / ac, etc. For convenience, the terms "BS" and "TRP" are used interchangeably in this patent document to refer to network infrastructure components that provide wireless access to remote terminals. Furthermore, depending on the network type, the term "user equipment" or "UE" can refer to any component such as a "mobile station," "subscriber station," "remote terminal," "wireless terminal," "receiving point," or "user device." For convenience, the terms “user equipment” and “UE” are used in this patent document to refer to a remote wireless device for wireless access to a BS, whether the UE is a mobile device (such as a mobile phone or smartphone) or is generally considered to be a fixed device (such as a desktop computer or vending machine).

[0059] The dashed lines indicate the approximate extent of coverage areas 120 and 125, which are shown as approximately circular for illustrative and explanatory purposes only. It should be clearly understood that coverage areas associated with the gNB (such as coverage areas 120 and 125) may have other shapes, including irregular shapes, depending on the configuration of the gNB and variations in the radio environment associated with natural and man-made obstacles.

[0060] As described in more detail below, one or more of UEs 111-116 include circuitry, programming, or a combination thereof for identifying resource allocation for signals used in energy-efficient synchronization and beamforming. In some embodiments, one or more of gNBs 101-103 include circuitry, programming, or a combination thereof to implement resource allocation for signals used in energy-efficient synchronization and beamforming.

[0061] although Figure 1 An example of a wireless network is shown, but more can be found on... Figure 1 Various modifications can be made. For example, wireless network 100 can include any number of gNBs and any number of UEs in any suitable arrangement. Furthermore, gNB 101 can communicate directly with any number of UEs and provide these UEs with wireless broadband access to network 130. Similarly, each gNB 102-103 can communicate directly with network 130 and provide UEs with direct wireless broadband access to network 130. Additionally, gNBs 101, 102, and / or 103 can provide access to other or additional external networks (e.g., external telephone networks or other types of data networks).

[0062] Figure 2 An example of a BS 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, the BS 200 may be a base station, such as... Figure 1 gNB 101-103 in the middle. Figure 2 The embodiment of BS 200 shown is for illustrative purposes only. However, BSs have a wide variety of configurations, and Figure 2 This disclosure is not intended to limit the scope of any particular implementation of BS.

[0063] like Figure 2 As shown, the BS 200 includes multiple antennas 205a-205n, multiple transceivers 210a-210n, a controller / processor 225, a memory 230, and a backhaul or network interface 235.

[0064] Transceivers 210a to 210n receive incoming RF signals from antennas 205a to 205n, such as signals transmitted by a UE or gNB in ​​network 100. In various embodiments, some of the transceivers 210a-210n down-convert the incoming RF signals to generate IF or baseband signals. The IF or baseband signals are processed by receive (RX) processing circuitry in transceivers 210a-210n and / or controller / processor 225, which generates processed baseband signals by filtering, decoding, and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signals. Controller / processor 225 may further process the baseband signals.

[0065] The transmit (TX) processing circuitry in transceivers 210a-210n and / or controller / processor 225 receives analog or digital data (such as voice data, network data, email, or interactive video game data) from controller / processor 225. The TX processing circuitry encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. Transceivers 210a-210n up-convert the baseband or IF signal into an RF signal transmitted via antennas 205a-205n.

[0066] The controller / processor 225 may include one or more processors or other processing devices that control the overall operation of the BS 200. For example, the controller / processor 225 may control the transceivers 210a-210n to receive uplink (UL) channel signals and transmit downlink (DL) channel signals according to well-known principles. The controller / processor 225 may also support additional functions, such as more advanced wireless communication functions. For example, the controller / processor 225 may support beamforming or directional routing operations, where outgoing / incoming signals from / to multiple antennas 205a-205n are weighted differently to effectively guide outgoing signals to a desired direction. As another example, the controller / processor 225 may support methods for allocating signals for energy-efficient synchronization and beamforming. The controller / processor 225 may support any of a wide variety of other functions within the BS 200.

[0067] The controller / processor 225 is also capable of executing programs and other processes residing in the memory 230, such as processes for allocating resources for signals used in energy-efficient synchronization and beam acquisition. The controller / processor 225 can move data into or out of the memory 230 as needed for the execution process.

[0068] The controller / processor 225 is also coupled to a backhaul or network interface 235. The backhaul or network interface 235 allows the BS 200 to communicate with other devices or systems via a backhaul connection or over a network. Interface 235 can support communication via any suitable wired or wireless connection(s). For example, when the BS 200 is implemented as part of a cellular communication system (such as a cellular communication system supporting 5G / NR, LTE, or LTE-A), interface 235 can allow the BS 200 to communicate with other gNBs via a wired or wireless backhaul connection, for example, using a transceiver, such as that described above with respect to transceiver 210. Interface 235 includes any suitable architecture supporting communication via wired or wireless connections, such as Ethernet or a transceiver.

[0069] Memory 230 is coupled to controller / processor 225. A portion of memory 230 may include RAM, and another portion of memory 230 may include flash memory or other ROM.

[0070] although Figure 2 An example of BS 200 is shown, but it is possible to see an example of BS 200. Figure 2 Various changes can be made. For example, BS 200 can include any number of... Figure 2 Each component shown. Furthermore, Figure 2 The various components can be combined, further subdivided, or omitted, and additional components can be added as needed.

[0071] Figure 3 An example of a UE 116 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 3 The embodiment of UE 116 shown is for illustrative purposes only, and Figure 1 UEs 111-115 can have the same or similar configurations. However, UEs have a wide variety of configurations, and Figure 3 This disclosure is not intended to limit the scope of any particular implementation of the UE.

[0072] like Figure 3 As shown, UE 116 includes antenna(s) 305, transceivers(s) 310, and a microphone 320. UE 116 also includes a speaker 330, a processor 340, an input / output (I / O) interface (IF) 345, an input 350, a display 355, and a memory 360. The memory 360 includes an operating system (OS) 361 and one or more applications 362.

[0073] Multiple transceivers 310 receive incoming RF signals transmitted by a gNB of the wireless network 100 from multiple antennas 305. The multiple transceivers 310 down-convert the incoming RF signals to generate intermediate frequency (IF) or baseband signals. The IF or baseband signals are processed by RX processing circuitry in the multiple transceivers 310 and / or processor 340, which generates processed baseband signals by filtering, decoding, and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signals. The RX processing circuitry sends the processed baseband signals to a speaker 330 (e.g., for voice data) or to the processor 340 (e.g., for web browsing data).

[0074] The TX processing circuitry in (multiple) transceivers 310 and / or processor 340 receives analog or digital voice data from microphone 320 or other outgoing baseband data (such as network data, email, or interactive video game data) from processor 340. The TX processing circuitry encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. The (multiple) transceivers 310 up-convert the baseband or IF signal into an RF signal transmitted via (multiple) antennas 305.

[0075] Processor 340 may include one or more processors or other processing devices and executes OS 361 stored in memory 360 to control the overall operation of UE 116. For example, processor 340 may control transceiver(s)(s)310 to receive DL channel signals and transmit UL channel signals according to well-known principles. In some embodiments, processor 340 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0076] Processor 340 is also capable of executing other processes and programs residing in memory 360. For example, processor 340 can execute processes for identifying resource allocations for signals used in energy-efficient synchronization and beamforming, as described in embodiments of this disclosure. Processor 340 can move data into or out of memory 360 as needed for the execution process. In some embodiments, processor 340 is configured to execute application 362 based on OS 361 or in response to signals received from a gNB or operator. Processor 340 is also coupled to I / O interface 345, which provides UE 116 with the ability to connect to other devices, such as laptops and handheld computers. I / O interface 345 is the communication path between these accessories and processor 340.

[0077] The processor 340 is also coupled to an input 350 and a display 355. The input 350 includes, for example, a touchscreen, a keypad, etc. The operator of the UE 116 can use the input 350 to input data into the UE 116. The display 355 may be a liquid crystal display, a light-emitting diode display, or other display capable of displaying text and / or at least limited graphics (such as from a website).

[0078] The memory 360 is coupled to the processor 340. A portion of the memory 360 may include random access memory (RAM), and another portion of the memory 360 may include flash memory or other read-only memory (ROM).

[0079] although Figure 3 An example of UE 116 is shown, but it is possible to modify it. Figure 3 Make various changes. For example, Figure 3 The various components can be combined, further subdivided, or omitted, and additional components can be added as needed. As a specific example, processor 340 can be divided into multiple processors, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs) and one or more graphics processing units (GPUs). In another example, transceivers 310 may include any number of transceivers and signal processing chains and can be connected to any number of antennas. Furthermore, although... Figure 3 The UE 116 is shown configured as a mobile phone or smartphone, but the UE can be configured to operate as other types of mobile or fixed devices.

[0080] Figures 4A and 4B illustrate examples of wireless transmit and receive paths 400 and 450, respectively, according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, transmit path 400 may be described as being implemented in a gNB or TRP (such as gNB 102 or BS 200), while receive path 450 may be described as being implemented in a UE (such as UE 116). However, it should be understood that receive path 450 may be implemented in a gNB or TRP, and transmit path 400 may be implemented in a UE. In some embodiments, transmit path 400 and / or receive path 450 are configured to implement resource allocation for signals used for energy-efficient synchronization and beamforming as described in embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0081] As shown in Figure 4A, the transmit path 400 includes a channel coding and modulation block 405, a serial-to-parallel (S to P) block 410, an N-size inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block 415, a parallel-to-serial (P to S) block 420, a cyclic prefix addition block 425, and an up-converter (UC) 430. The receive path 450 includes a down-converter (DC) 455, a cyclic prefix removal block 460, an S to P block 465, an N-size fast Fourier transform (FFT) block 470, a parallel-to-serial (P to S) block 475, and a channel decoding and demodulation block 480.

[0082] In transmit path 400, channel coding and modulation block 405 receives a set of information bits, applies coding (such as low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding), and modulates the input bits (such as using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)) to generate a sequence of frequency-domain modulated symbols. Serial-to-parallel block 410 converts (such as demultiplexes) the serial modulated symbols into parallel data to generate N parallel symbol streams, where N is the IFFT / FFT size used in the gNB and UE. IFFT block 415 of size N performs an IFFT operation on the N parallel symbol streams to generate a time-domain output signal. Parallel-to-serial block 420 converts (such as multiplexes) the parallel time-domain output symbols from IFFT block 415 of size N to generate a serial time-domain signal. Cyclic prefix addition block 425 inserts a cyclic prefix into the time-domain signal. Upconverter 430 modulates (such as upconverts) the output of cyclic prefix addition block 425 to an RF frequency for transmission via the wireless channel. The signal can also be filtered at the baseband before being switched to the RF frequency.

[0083] As shown in Figure 4B, the downconverter 455 downconverts the received signal to the baseband frequency, and the cyclic prefix removal block 460 removes the cyclic prefix to generate a serial time-domain baseband signal. The serial-to-parallel block 465 converts the time-domain baseband signal into a parallel time-domain signal. The N-sized FFT block 470 performs the FFT algorithm to generate N parallel frequency-domain signals. The (P to S) block 475 converts the parallel frequency-domain signals into a sequence of modulated data symbols. The channel decoding and demodulation block 480 demodulates and decodes the modulated symbols to recover the original input data stream.

[0084] Each of gNBs 101-103 can implement a transmission path 400 similar to that sent to UEs 111-116 in the downlink, and a reception path 450 similar to that received from UEs 111-116 in the uplink. Similarly, each of UEs 111-116 can implement a transmission path 400 for sending to gNBs 101-103 in the uplink, and a reception path 450 for receiving from gNBs 101-103 in the downlink.

[0085] Each component in Figures 4A and 4B can be implemented using only hardware or a combination of hardware and software / firmware. As specific examples, at least some components in Figures 4A and 4B can be implemented in software, while others can be implemented using configurable hardware or a hybrid of software and configurable hardware. For example, FFT block 470 and IFFT block 415 can be implemented as configurable software algorithms, where the value of size N can be modified depending on the implementation.

[0086] Furthermore, although described as using FFT and IFFT, this is merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Other types of transforms, such as the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) functions, may be used. It should be understood that for the DFT and IDFT functions, the value of the variable N can be any integer (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), while for the FFT and IFFT functions, the value of the variable N can be any integer that is a power of 2 (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.).

[0087] Although Figures 4A and 4B illustrate examples of wireless transmit and receive paths 400 and 450, respectively, various modifications can be made to Figures 4A and 4B. For example, various components in Figures 4A and 4B can be combined, further subdivided, or omitted, and additional components can be added as needed. Furthermore, Figures 4A and 4B are intended to illustrate examples of types of transmit and receive paths that can be used in a wireless network. Any other suitable architecture can be used to support wireless communication in a wireless network.

[0088] In this disclosure, the beam can be determined by any of the following:

[0089] -TCI state, which establishes a quasi-co-location (QCL) or spatial relationship between the source reference signal (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) and the target reference signal.

[0090] - Spatial relation information, which establishes the association with the source reference signal (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS, or SRS).

[0091] In either case, the source reference signal's ID or TCI status or spatial relationship information identifies the beam.

[0092] The TCI status and / or spatial relationship reference RS can determine the spatial Rx filter used for receiving downlink channels at the UE, or the spatial Tx filter used for transmitting uplink channels from the UE. The TCI status and / or spatial relationship reference RS can determine the spatial Tx filter used for transmitting downlink channels from the gNB, or the spatial Rx filter used for receiving uplink channels at the gNB.

[0093] Figure 5A illustrates an example of beam operation 500 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, beam operation 500 can be performed by... Figure 1 This can be implemented using either gNB 102 and / or UE 111-116. This example is for illustrative purposes only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0094] As shown in Figure 5A, in a wireless system, for device (504), the beam (501) can be characterized by the beam direction (502) and the beamwidth (503). For example, device (504) transmits radio frequency (RF) energy in the beam direction and within the beamwidth. Device (504) receives RF energy in the beam direction and within the beamwidth. As shown in Figure 4A, when point A is within the beamwidth and direction of the beam from device (504), the device at point A (505) can receive from and transmit to device (504). As shown in Figure 5A, the device at point B (506) cannot receive from or transmit to device (504) because point B is outside the beamwidth and direction of the beam from device (504). Although Figure 5A shows a 2D beam for illustrative purposes, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the beam can be 3D, where the beam direction and beamwidth are defined in space.

[0095] Figure 5B illustrates an example of multi-beam operation 550 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, multi-beam operation 550 may be achieved by gNB 102 and / or Figure 1 This can be implemented using any of UEs 111-116. This example is for illustrative purposes only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0096] As shown in Figure 5B, in a wireless system, a device can transmit and / or receive on multiple beams. This is referred to as "multi-beam operation." Although Figure 5B shows beams in 2D for illustrative purposes, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that beams can be 3D, where beams can be transmitted or received from any direction in space.

[0097] Figure 6An example of a transmitter structure 600 for beamforming according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. In some embodiments, one or more of gNB 102 or UE 116 include transmitter structure 600. For example, one or more of antenna 205 and its associated system or antenna 305 and its associated system may be included in transmitter structure 600. This example is for illustration only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0098] Therefore, embodiments of this disclosure recognize that Rel-14 LTE and Rel-15 NR support up to 32 CSI Reference Signal (CSI-RS) antenna ports, enabling eNBs or gNBs to be equipped with a large number of antenna elements (such as 64 or 128). Multiple antenna elements can then be mapped onto a single CSI-RS port. For millimeter-wave bands, although the number of antenna elements can be larger for a given form factor, hardware constraints (such as the feasibility of mounting a large number of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) / digital-to-analog converters (DACs) at millimeter-wave frequencies) can limit the number of CSI-RS ports that can correspond to the number of digital precoding ports, such as... Figure 6 As shown. A CSI-RS port can then be mapped to a large number of antenna elements that can be controlled by a set of analog phase shifters 601. A CSI-RS port can then correspond to a subarray that generates a narrow analog beam through analog beamforming 605. This analog beam can be configured to sweep a wider range of angles 620 by changing the set of phase shifters across symbols or time slots / subframes. The number of subarrays (equal to the number of RF chains) is related to the number of CSI-RS ports N. CSI-PORT Same. Digital beamforming unit 610 spans N CSI-PORT The analog beams are linearly combined to further increase the precoding gain. While the analog beams are broadband (and therefore not frequency-selective), the digital precoding can vary across frequency subbands or resource blocks. Receiver operation can be envisioned similarly.

[0099] because Figure 6 The transmitter structure 600 utilizes multiple analog beams for transmission and reception (where, for example, after a training duration performed occasionally or periodically, one or a few analog beams are selected from a large number of analog beams), hence the term "multi-beam operation" is used to refer to this aspect of the entire system. For illustrative purposes, this includes indicating the assigned DL or ULTX beam (also referred to as "beam indication"), measuring at least one reference signal for calculating and performing beam reporting (also referred to as "beam measurement" and "beam reporting," respectively), and receiving DL or UL transmissions via selecting the corresponding RX beam. Figure 6The system is also suitable for higher frequency bands, such as >52.6 GHz. In this case, the system can use only analog beams. Due to O2 absorption loss near 60 GHz (an additional loss of ~10 dB per 100 m distance), a larger number and narrower analog beams (and therefore a larger number of radiators in the array) are necessary to compensate for the additional path loss.

[0100] Rel-17 introduced a unified TCI framework, in which the UE is signaled with a unified, master, main, or indicated TCI status. The unified, master, main, or indicated TCI status can be one of the following:

[0101] 1. In the case of a joint TCI status indication, where the same beam is used for both the DL and UL channels, the joint TCI status can be used for at least the UE-dedicated DL channel and the UE-dedicated UL channel.

[0102] 2. In the case of separate TCI status indications, where different beams are used for DL ​​and UL channels, the DL TCI status can be used at least for the UE-dedicated DL channel.

[0103] 3. In the case of separate TCI status indications, where different beams are used for DL ​​and UL channels, the UL TCI status can be used at least for the UE-dedicated UL channel.

[0104] The unified (master, primary, or indication) TCI status is the TCI status for UE-specific reception on PDSCH / PDCCH or PUSCH based on dynamic authorization / configuration authorization and all dedicated PUCCH resources.

[0105] The unified TCI framework is applicable to intra-cell beamforming management, where the TCI state has a source RS that is directly or indirectly associated with the serving cell's SSB through quasi-co-location relationships (e.g., spatial relationships) (e.g., the TCI state is associated with the serving cell's TRP). The unified TCI state framework is also applicable to inter-cell beamforming management, where the TCI state may have a source RS that is directly or indirectly associated with the cell's SSB through quasi-co-location relationships (e.g., spatial relationships), and the cell has a physical cell identity (PCI) different from the serving cell's PCI (e.g., the TCI state is associated with the TRP of a cell with a PCI different from the serving cell's PCI).

[0106] Quasi-colocation (QCL) relationships can be quasi-locations relative to one or more of the following relationships [38.214-Section 5.1.5]:

[0107] - Type A, {Doppler frequency shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread}

[0108] - Type B, {Doppler frequency shift, Doppler spread}

[0109] - Type C, {Doppler shift, average delay}

[0110] - Type D, {space Rx parameter}

[0111] In addition, quasi-co-location relationships and source reference signals can also provide spatial relationships for UL channels. For example, the DL source reference signal provides information about the spatial domain filters to be used for UL transmission, or the UL source reference signal provides the spatial domain filters to be used for UL transmission, such as the same spatial domain filters used for the UL source reference signal and UL transmission.

[0112] The unified (master, primary, or indication) TCI state applies at least to UE-dedicated DL and UL channels. The unified (master, primary, or indication) TCI can also be applied to other DL and / or UL channels and / or signals, such as non-UE-dedicated channels and sounding reference signals (SRS).

[0113] When the MAC CE activates a TCI status code point, it indicates the TCI status to the UE via the MAC CE. The UE applies the TCI status code point after the beam application time from the corresponding HARQ-ACK feedback. The TCI status is indicated to the UE via a DL-related DCI format (e.g., DCI format 1_1 or DCI format 1_2), where the DCI format includes a "transmission configuration indication" field, which includes the TCI status code point activated by the MAC CE. When the UE is activated using more than one TCI status code point, the DL-related DCI format can be used to indicate the TCI status. The DL-related DCI format may or may not have a DL assignment for PDSCH reception. The TCI status (TCI status code point) indicated in the DL-related DCI format is applied after the beam application time from the corresponding HARQ-ACK feedback.

[0114] Figure 7 An example of a signal and channel 700 for performing a cell search procedure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, the signal and channel 700 may be transmitted by gNB 102 or by... Figure 1 Any of the UEs 111-116 can receive this. This example is for illustration only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0115] In 5G / NR, the UE performs a cell search process to obtain time and frequency synchronization with the cell and detect the cell's physical layer cell ID. For example... Figure 7As shown, in order to perform cell search, the UE receives the following signals and channels: (1) Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), (2) Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), and (3) Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The PSS / SSS / PBCH block (SS / PBCH block) is called SSB and consists of 4 consecutive symbols and 20 physical blocks (240 subcarriers).

[0116] SSBs are organized into groups of N SSBs and transmitted within a half-frame. Each SSB in a group has an index i, where i = 0, 1, ..., N-1. Within each SSB group, SSBs are time-division multiplexed and arranged in ascending order of i as time progresses. For carrier frequencies less than or equal to 3 GHz, N = 4. For carrier frequencies greater than 3 GHz in FR1, N = 8. For carrier frequencies in FR2, N = 64. The transmitted SSB indexes are provided in System Information Block 1 (SIB1) or in ServingCellConfigCommon's ssb-PositionsInBurst.

[0117] SSBs are transmitted periodically, with allowed periods of {5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160} ms. Besides cell search, SSBs can also be used for connected-mode mobility (e.g., handover), idle-mode mobility (e.g., cell reselection), inter-RAT mobility to NR, and beam management-related processes such as new beam acquisition, beam measurement, and beam fault detection and recovery. Each SSB with index i can be associated with a spatial domain filter (or beam).

[0118] When a UE wants to communicate with the network and there are no uplink resources, NR introduces the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) to be used. For example, the PRACH can be used during initial access. The PRACH consists of a preamble format, which includes one or more preamble sequences transmitted during the PRACH timing (RO).

[0119] NR supports four different preamble sequence lengths:

[0120] - Sequence length 839, used with subcarrier spacing of 1.25 kHz and 5 kHz, with unrestricted or restricted sets.

[0121] - Sequence length 139, used with subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz and 120 kHz, with an unrestricted set.

[0122] - Sequence length 571, used with subcarrier spacing 30 kHz, with an unrestricted set.

[0123] - Sequence length 1151, used with subcarrier spacing 15 kHz, with an unrestricted set.

[0124] The RACH preamble is transmitted in a time-frequency resource PRACH timing (RO). Each RO determines the time and frequency resources for transmitting the preamble. The resources allocated to the RO in the frequency domain (e.g., the number of RBs) and the resources allocated to the RO in the time domain (e.g., the number of OFDMA symbols or the number of time slots) depend on the preamble sequence length, the subcarrier spacing of the preamble, the subcarrier spacing of the PUSCH in the UL BWP, and the preamble format. Multiple PRACH timings can be FDMed within a single timing instance. This is indicated by the higher-layer parameter msg1-FDM. The timing instance of the PRACH timing is determined by the higher-layer parameter prach-ConfigurationIndex and Tables 6.3.3.2-2, 6.3.3.2-3, and 6.3.3.2-4 of TS 38.211.

[0125] SSBs are associated with ROs. The number of SSBs associated with a RO can be indicated by higher-level parameters such as ssb-perRACH-OccasionAndCB-PreamblesPerSS and ssb-perRACH-Occasion. The number of SSBs per RO can be {1 / 8, 1 / 4, 1 / 2, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16}. When the number of SSBs per RO is less than 1, multiple ROs are associated with the same SSB index. The SS / PBCH block indexes provided by ssb-PositionsInBurst in SIB1 or ServingCellConfigCommon are mapped to valid PRACH timings in the following order [38.213]:

[0126] - First, in ascending order of the previous precode index within a single PRACH timing.

[0127] - Second, sort the frequency resource index in ascending order according to the frequency reuse PRACH timing.

[0128] - Third, sort the time resource index in ascending order according to the time multiplexing PRACH timing within the PRACH time slot.

[0129] - Fourth, in ascending order of the PRACH slot index.

[0130] The association period starts from frame 0 and is used to map the SS / PBCH block index to the PRACH timing.

[0131] The random access procedure can be initiated by the PDCCH command, the MAC entity, or the RRC.

[0132] There are two types of random access procedures: Type 1 random access procedure and Type 2 random access procedure.

[0133] Figure 8 A Type 1 random access procedure 800 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. For example, the Type 1 random access procedure 800 may be provided by gNB 102 and Figure 1 This can be implemented using any of UEs 111-116. This example is for illustrative purposes only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0134] like Figure 8 As shown, the Type 1 random access procedure is also known as the four-step random access procedure (4-step RACH).

[0135] - In step 1, the UE sends a random access preamble, also known as Msg1, to the gNB. The gNB attempts to receive and detect the preamble.

[0136] - In step 2, the gNB sends a random access response (RAR), also known as Msg2, to the UE upon receiving the preamble. This response includes a time adjustment (TA) command and fields such as uplink grant for subsequent PUSCH transmissions.

[0137] - In step 3, after receiving the RAR, the UE sends a PUSCH transmission authorized and scheduled by the RAR, and timed according to the TA received in the RAR. The Msg3 or PUSCH authorized and scheduled by the RAR UL may include an RRC reconfiguration complete message.

[0138] - In step 4, when the gNB receives the RRC reconfiguration complete message, it allocates the downlink and uplink resources sent in the downlink PDSCH transmission to the UE.

[0139] After the final step, the UE can continue to receive and send data services.

[0140] Type 1 random access procedure (4-step RACH) can be either contention-based random access (CBRA) or contention-free random access (CFRA). The CFRA procedure ends after the random access response, and the following message is not part of the random access procedure. For CFRA, in step 0, the gNB indicates the preamble to be used to the UE.

[0141] Figure 9 A type 2 random access procedure 900 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. For example, the type 2 random access procedure 900 may be provided by gNB 102 and Figure 1This can be implemented using any of UEs 111-116. This example is for illustrative purposes only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0142] Rel-16 introduced this new Type 2 random access procedure. For example... Figure 9 As shown, the Type 2 random access procedure is also known as the 2-step random access procedure (2-step RACH), and the preamble and PUSCH transmissions are combined into a single transmission from the UE to the gNB, which is called MsgA. Similarly, the RAR and PDSCH transmissions (e.g., Msg4) are combined into a single downlink transmission from the gNB to the UE, which is called MsgB.

[0143] A random access procedure can be triggered for initial access from the RRC_IDLE state. During this procedure, the UE identifies an SS / PBCH block with index i and an RSRP exceeding a threshold. The RSRP threshold for SSB selection used for RACH resource association is indicated by the network. The UE selects the RO and preamble within the RO associated with SS / PBCH block index i. The UE uses the selected RO / preamble to transmit the PRACH. The UE listens for and receives the random access response (RAR) by attempting to detect a DCI format 1_0 with a CRC scrambled by the corresponding RA-RNTI during a window controlled by a higher layer. If the UE does not detect a DCI format 1_0 with a CRC scrambled by the corresponding RA-RNTI within the RAR window, the UE can retransmit the PRACH. If the UE detects a DCI format 1_0 with a CRC scrambled by the corresponding RA-RNTI, the UE receives a RAR UL grant for PUSCH scheduling. The UE transmits the PUSCH according to the RAR UL grant. In response to a PUSCH transmission scheduled by RAR UL authorization, when a C-RNTI has not yet been provided to the UE, the UE attempts to detect a DCI format 1_0 with a CRC scrambled by the corresponding TC-RNTI for a PDSCH that includes the UE contention resolution identifier. Spatial domain filters (beams) identified during initial access are used for subsequent transmission to / reception from the UE until a single TCI state is configured, activated, or indicated to the UE. For downlink reception when the UE does not have a TCI state, the spatial domain filter is the spatial domain filter associated with the SS / PBCH block index identified during initial access. For uplink transmission when the UE does not have a TCI state, the spatial domain filter is the spatial domain filter used for the PUSCH scheduled by RAR UL authorization.

[0144] This disclosure provides initial beam acquisition on a higher frequency carrier (e.g., FR2 or FR3). Signaling on a lower frequency carrier (e.g., FR1) can be used to assist beam acquisition on the higher frequency carrier. For example, FR1 may be a frequency range less than 7.125 GHz, FR3 may be a frequency range between 7.125 GHz and 24.25 GHz, and FR2 may be a frequency range above 24.25 GHz up to 100 GHz. In one example, the base station transmits synchronization signals and / or system information on the lower frequency carrier to provide the UE with information related to the higher frequency carrier(s) and to assist beam acquisition on the higher frequency carrier. In another example, the UE transmits signals to the network on the lower frequency carrier to assist beam acquisition on the higher frequency carrier.

[0145] As described above, during initial access, the UE uses a random access procedure for initial beam acquisition, where the spatial domain filters (beams) identified during initial access are subsequently transmitted to / received by the UE until a single TCI state is configured, activated, or indicated to the UE. To identify the beam, the UE performs an Rx beam scan to find the SS / PBCH block index with an RSRP exceeding a threshold. This can be a time-consuming process; for example, if the UE has M Rx beams and the SS / PBCH period is T ms, it will take up to MT ms to identify the beam from the network. In FR2, M can be large to provide a large beam gain, which improves detection sensitivity, but at the cost of UE / network power consumption due to the need for more beam scans. There is a trade-off between the time for beam identification and T. A shorter T results in less initial access delay; however, a shorter T means more overhead and more network energy consumption.

[0146] To address the aforementioned issues, FR1 can be used to assist beam acquisition in FR2. In one embodiment, when the base station operates in multiple frequency bands, initial access is performed in the lower frequency band, where a wide beam or even a single beam (e.g., omnidirectional transmit or receive) can be used. The UE can send an uplink trigger signal or wake-up signal (WUS) to request and / or assist beam acquisition in a higher frequency band where a narrower beam can be used. Figure 10 Another embodiment is shown below, which will be discussed below.

[0147] Figure 10 An example of a base station or TRP operation 1000 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, the base station or TRP operation 1000 may include any of gNBs 101-103. This example is for illustration only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0148] In this embodiment, such as Figure 10 As shown, the coverage of the first base station or first TRP operating in the lower frequency band includes a wide area encompassing multiple second base stations or second TRPs that can operate in the higher frequency band. The second base stations or second TRPs may not be co-located with the first base station or first TRP. The UE initially communicates with the first base station in the lower frequency band, which assists in establishing links with the second base stations in the higher frequency band.

[0149] exist Figure 10 In this embodiment, the first TRP or base station can serve a large coverage area (e.g., for coverage). The second TRP or base station can serve a smaller coverage area (e.g., for capacity). In one example, the first TRP or base station is enabled. In one example, the second TRP or base station can be enabled or disabled based on traffic in the corresponding cell or coverage area. In one example, the first TRP or base station transmits a first reference signal as described in this disclosure. In one example, the first reference signal can be transmitted in a lower frequency band (e.g., FR1). In one example, the first reference signal uses an omnidirectional antenna. In one example, the second TRP or base station is disabled if there is no traffic in the corresponding cell or coverage area. In one example, the second TRP or base station can be activated or enabled by the first TRP or base station. In one example, the second TRP or base station can be activated or enabled by a signal from the UE (e.g., a wake-up signal (WUS), such as a low-power (LP) WUS). In one example, when enabled, the second TRP can transmit reference signals for fine timing and / or power control and / or spatial relationships. In one example, when enabled, the second TRP can receive signals or channels in the UL. In one example, if the UE transmits WUS or LP WUS, the timing may be based on timing obtained from a first TRP or base station. In another example, if the UE transmits WUS or LP WUS, the timing may be based on timing obtained from GPS. In one example, the timing of the WUS or LP WUS from the UE is pre-configured. In another example, the timing of the WUS or LP WUS from the UE is configured from a first base station or TRP. In yet another example, the timing of the WUS or LP WUS from the UE is configured from a second base station or TRP. In one example, the WUS or LP WUS may include the UE's location information.

[0150] This disclosure provides signaling and network / UE procedures related to auxiliary beam acquisition in a lower frequency band for a higher frequency band, or in general, signaling in a frequency band (or cell) to assist beam acquisition in another frequency band or another cell.

[0151] This disclosure relates to 5G / NR and / or 6G communication systems. More specifically, this disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for resource allocation of signals for energy-efficient synchronization and beam acquisition.

[0152] This disclosure provides aspects relevant to the design of FR1 auxiliary beam acquisition in FR2:

[0153] - Auxiliary information provided by the network in the lower frequency band is used for beam acquisition in the higher frequency band.

[0154] - Signaling from the UE in a lower frequency band to assist in beam acquisition in a higher frequency band.

[0155] - Timing aspects used for beam acquisition in higher frequency bands.

[0156] Aspects, features, and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description simply by illustrating several specific embodiments and implementations, including the best mode contemplated for carrying out this disclosure. This disclosure is also capable of having other and different embodiments, and several details thereof may be modified in various obvious ways without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the drawings and description are to be considered illustrative in nature and not restrictive. This disclosure is illustrated in the accompanying figures by way of example rather than limitation.

[0157] In the following text, both FDD and TDD are considered duplexing methods for DL ​​and UL signaling. Additionally, full-duplex (XDD) operation is possible, such as subband full-duplex (SBFD) or single-frequency full-duplex (SFFD).

[0158] Although the following exemplary descriptions and embodiments assume orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), this disclosure can be extended to other OFDM-based transmission waveforms or multiple access schemes, such as filtered OFDM (F-OFDM).

[0159] This disclosure provides several components that can be used in combination or together, or that can operate as independent solutions.

[0160] In this disclosure, RRC signaling (e.g., through the configuration of RRC signaling) includes (1) public information provided by public signaling, such as RRC signaling based on a System Information Block (SIB) (e.g., SIB1 or other SIBs) or (2) RRC-specific signaling sent to a particular UE, wherein the information may be public / cell-specific information or specific / UE-specific information, or (3) UE group RRC signaling.

[0161] In this disclosure, MAC CE signaling can be UE-specific (e.g., for a single UE) or UE-common (e.g., for a group of UEs or all UEs in a cell). MAC CE signaling can be DL MAC CE signaling or UL MAC CE signaling.

[0162] In this disclosure, L1 control signaling includes: (1) DL control information (e.g., DCI on PDCCH or DL ​​control information on PDSCH) and / or (2) UL control information (e.g., UCI on PUCCH or PUSCH). L1 control signaling is UE-specific, for example, for a single UE, or it may be UE-common (e.g., for a group of UEs in a cell or for all UEs).

[0163] In this disclosure, configuration can refer to configuration via semi-static signaling (e.g., RRC or SIB signaling). In one example, configuration can be applied to multiple transport instances until it is received and applied.

[0164] In this disclosure, an indication may refer to an indication via dynamic signaling (e.g., L1 control (e.g., DCI format) or MAC CE signaling). In one example, an indication may be used for associated timing(e.g., timing or multiple timings associated with an indication).

[0165] In this disclosure, a list with N elements can be represented as L(i), where i can take N values, and L(i) can correspond to the element or entry associated with index i. In one example, i can take N arbitrary values. In one example, i = -0, 1, ..., N-1. In one example, i = 1, 2, ..., N. In one example, i is the identifier of an element or entry in the list.

[0166] In this disclosure, the term "activation" describes an operation in which the UE receives and decodes first information provided by a first signal from the network (or gNB), and based on the first information, the UE determines a start time point. The start point may be a current or future time slot / subframe or symbol, and its exact location is implicitly or explicitly indicated, or otherwise defined in system operation or configured by a higher layer. Upon successful decoding of the first information, the UE responds according to the indication provided by the first information. The term "deactivation" describes an operation in which the UE receives and decodes second information provided by a second signal from the network (or gNB), and based on the second information from that signal, the UE determines a stop time point. The stop point may be a current or future time slot / subframe or symbol, and its exact location is implicitly or explicitly indicated, or otherwise defined in system operation or configured by a higher layer. Upon successful decoding of the second information, the UE responds according to the indication provided by the second information. The first signal can be the same as the second signal, or the first information can be the same as the second information. The first part of the information can be associated with an "activation" operation and a first parameter sent / received by the first UE, and the second part of the information can be associated with a "deactivation" operation and a second parameter sent / received by the second UE. For example, the second information may not exist, and deactivation can be implicitly derived. For example, when a UE has already received activation information in a previous indication and is not included among UEs with activation information in the next indication, the UE can determine the latter indication as an implicit deactivation indication.

[0167] In this disclosure, a time unit may be, for example, a symbol, a time slot, a subframe, or a frame. In one example, a time unit may be multiple symbols, multiple time slots, multiple subframes, or multiple frames. In one example, a time unit may be a sub-time slot (e.g., a portion of a time slot). In one example, the time unit may be specified in terms of time, such as microseconds, milliseconds, or seconds.

[0168] In this disclosure, a frequency unit may be, for example, a subcarrier, a resource block (RB), or a subchannel, wherein a subchannel is a set of RBs or bandwidth portions (BWPs). In one example, a frequency unit may be multiple subcarriers, multiple RBs, or multiple subchannels. In one example, a frequency unit may be a subRB (e.g., a portion of an RB). Frequency units may be specified in terms of frequency, such as Hz, kHz, or MHz.

[0169] Terms such as TCI, TCI status, SpatialRelationInfo, target RS, reference RS, and others are for descriptive purposes and are therefore not normative. Other terms referring to the same function may also be used.

[0170] A “reference RS” (e.g., a reference source RS) corresponds to a set of characteristics of a DL beam or UL TX beam, such as orientation, precoding / beamforming, number of ports, etc. For example, a UE may receive a source RS index / ID in a TCI state assigned to (or associated with) a DL transmission (and / or UL transmission), and the UE applies the known characteristics of the source RS to the assigned DL transmission (and / or UL transmission). The source RS may be received and measured by the UE (in this case, the source RS is a downlink measurement signal, such as an NZP CSI-RS and / or SSB), where the measurement results are used to calculate a beam report (e.g., including at least one L1-RSRP / L1-SINR accompanied by at least one CRI or SSBRI). When the NW / gNB receives the beam report, the NW may be better equipped with information for assigning a specific DL (and / or UL) TX beam to the UE. Optionally or alternatively, the source RS may be transmitted by the UE (in this case, the source RS is an uplink measurement signal such as an SRS). When the NW / gNB receives the source RS, the NW / gNB can measure and calculate the information needed to assign a specific DL (or / and UL) TX beam to the UE, for example in the case of channel reciprocity.

[0171] Figure 11 An example of a signal transmission process 1100 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, process 1100 may be performed by... Figure 1 This can be implemented using either gNB 102 or UE 111-116. This example is for illustrative purposes only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0172] In the first embodiment, as Figure 11 As shown, the base station transmits a first signal(s) or channel(s) denoted as S1 in a lower carrier frequency band (e.g., in FR1). The UE receives S1 and, in response, transmits a second signal(s) or channel(s) denoted as S2 based on S1. For example, S2 is a trigger or request or WUS from the UE for acquiring a cell in a higher frequency band (e.g., in FR2). Based on the information carried in S1 and / or S2, assistance is provided for beam acquisition in the higher carrier frequency band (e.g., in FR2).

[0173] In one example, S1 can consist of one or more of the following:

[0174] - Multiple signals or channels used by the UE to establish time and / or frequency synchronization. For example, these can be signals such as or similar to a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). In one example, these signals or channels can be a low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS). In one example, the LP-SS is received on a radio separate from the primary radio (e.g., a low-power radio). In one example, these signals or channels can be a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

[0175] - Multiple signals or channels used to provide physical cell identification.

[0176] - Multiple signals or channels used to provide system information. For example, these can be channels such as or similar to the PBCH (which provides the Master Information Block (MIB)) and the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) (which provides the System Information Block (SIB), such as SIB1).

[0177] In one example, the S1 signal or channel has an associated index, referred to as the S1 index. S1 signals with different indices can be associated with different spatial domain transmission filters. In one example, the S1 index can be determined by the PSS and / or SSS and / or PBCH DM-RS and / or PBCH associated with S1 (e.g., SS / PBCH block index or SS index).

[0178] Figures 12A-12D respectively illustrate example signal structures 1200, 1225, 1250, and 1275 for transmitting signals in a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, signal structures 1200, 1225, 1250, or 1275 can be derived from… Figure 1 The gNB 102 implementation. These examples are for illustrative purposes only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0179] In one example, system information includes information used to assist in initial beam acquisition in higher frequency bands. System information may include one or more of the following:

[0180] - For example, available carriers or frequency bands in FR2 or FR3.

[0181] - Signal S3 (e.g., for synchronization and / or beamforming) structure or timing in a frequency band or carrier. For example, as shown in Figure 12A, this may include one or more of the following (in the following context, a signal group is a set of signal indices that are periodically transmitted, which (also referred to as a set of indices) is transmitted in each instance of a periodic transmission or as an aperiodic transmission):

[0182] Available signal indices within a signal group. For example, this could include S3 indices (e.g., synchronization signal indices or reference signal indices) transmitted within the signal group. In one example, S3 indices are transmitted at the same power level, indicating that power level. In another example, S3 indices are transmitted at different power levels, and a power level is indicated for each S3 index, or a relative power level (e.g., in dB) is indicated with respect to the S3 index having the highest or lowest power level. In one example, the power level of a first S3 index is indicated, and the relative power to the first S3 index is indicated for the other S3 indices, where the first S3 index is indicated or defined in the system specification. In one example, if no S3 index is transmitted, its power can be indicated as 0, or as negative infinity dBm (e.g., a code point is used to signal negative infinity dBm, or a missing value can be interpreted as negative infinity dBm).

[0183] The time offset (To) between the signal group and the reference time (Tref). In one example, the reference time (Tref) may be determined by S1, as described later in this disclosure. In one example, the reference time (Tref) may be determined by S2, as described later in this disclosure. In one example, To = 0. In one example, To depends on the subcarrier spacing of S1 and / or S2 and / or S3. In one example, To is in units of symbols and / or time slots and / or subframes and / or frames and / or time units. In one example, To is defined in the system specification.

[0184] The range of each S3 opportunity (Ts) in the time domain. For example, this could correspond to a time window during which signals with different S3 indices can be transmitted.

[0185] The period (Tp) between two repetitions of S3. In one example, Tp can be the same as the corresponding period of S1. In another example, Tp can be related to the corresponding period of S1, for example, Tp is half or twice the period of S1. In one example, Tp can allow consecutive instances of S1 to be transmitted back-to-back, for example, to minimize beam scan time. In one example, there are two Tp values. The first value (e.g., Tp1) has a short period to assist in initial beam acquisition, and the second value (e.g., Tp2) has a longer period, which can be used for beam maintenance, for example, after initial beam acquisition. In one example, S3 can be transmitted with two periods, as shown in Figure 12B. In Figure 12B, as an example, some S3 instances are associated with period Tp1, and some S3 instances are associated with period Tp2, and some S3 instances are shared for periods Tp1 and Tp2. In a variation of the example in Figure 12B, there are no S3 instances shared for periods Tp1 and Tp2. In one example, the signal S3 used with period Tp1 and the signal S3 used with period Tp2 can be of the same type; for example, both can be SS blocks or CSI-RS blocks. In another example, S3 transmitted with period Tp1 can be of the first type, and S3 transmitted with period Tp2 can be of the second type; for example, S3 associated with Tp1 can be CSI-RS, and S3 associated with Tp2 can be an SS block, or vice versa, S3 associated with Tp1 can be an SS block, and S3 associated with Tp2 can be CSI-RS. In a variant example, the signal S3 associated with period Tp1 and the signal S3 associated with period Tp2 can be of the same type, but have distinguishable signals or sequences. In one example, as shown in Figure 12C, S3 can be transmitted using two periods, and S3 with Tp1 and S3 with Tp2 use different signal types or the same type of distinguishable signal. In one example, as shown in Figure 12D, S3 can be transmitted with period Tp1 or period Tp2. For example, when S3 is transmitted with period Tp1, instances with period Tp2 can be skipped. In one example, period Tp1 can make S3 instances with period Tp1 back-to-back, with one instance starting at the end (or immediately after) the previous instance, or after a short interval from the previous instance. In one example, the number of S3 instances with period Tp1 is N. In one example, the duration of transmitting S3 instances with period Tp1 during this period is T. In one example, N and / or T can be signaled in the information associated with S1. In one example, N and / or T can be requested or indicated by the UE, for example, via S2. In one example, N and / or T depend on the subcarrier spacing of S3. In one example, N and / or T are defined in the system specification. In one example, N=1.In one example, S3 with a period Tp1 is transmitted until the UE requesting access to the cell for S3 has acquired a beam or performed initial access to the cell for S3. In another example, after signal S2 from the UE (e.g., based on To and Tref as described above), the network transmits S3 with a period Tp1 for a specific number of instances N or a specific duration T, and then resumes transmitting S3 with a period Tp2.

[0186] Frequency offset (Fo) of the signal group from the reference frequency (Fref). In one example, Fref may be determined by the carrier frequency of S3. In one example, Fref may be determined by the carrier frequency of S2. In one example, Fref may be determined by the carrier frequency of S1. In one example, Fo = 0. In the examples, Fo is in units of subcarriers and / or RBs and / or subchannels (where a subchannel is multiple RBs) and / or frequency units. In one example, Fo is defined in the system specification.

[0187] The range of each S3 opportunity (Fs) in the frequency domain. For example, this could correspond to a frequency window where signals with different S3 indices can be transmitted.

[0188] The time-domain / frequency-domain structure of the signal indices within the group, including t1, t2, ... and f1, f2, ... . In some examples, some of this information may be defined in the system specification.

[0189] The number of repetitions N for S3, or the duration T for transmitting S3. In one example, N and / or T can be signaled in the information associated with S1. In one example, N and / or T can be requested and / or indicated by the UE, for example, via S2. In one example, N and / or T depend on the subcarrier spacing of S3. In one example, N and / or T are defined in the system specification. In one example, S3 is repeated until the next instance of S1 occurs. In one example, S3 is transmitted until the UE requesting acquisition of the cell for S3 has acquired a beam or performed initial access to the cell for S3. In one example, the number N and / or T can depend on the number of Rx beams scanned by the UE.

[0190] In one example, the UE can assume the same spatial domain transmission filter for S3 signals with the same index transmitted in different instances. This is called the S3 index.

[0191] Information related to beam acquisition in FR2 or FR3, such as information related to signals transmitted by the UE as part of initial access or beam acquisition of the cell or carrier of signal S3, such as PRACH preamble / PRACH timing or on / off keying (OOK) signals associated with the S3 signal index.

[0192] - An indication of whether signal S3 has been sent.

[0193] - Information related to the transmission of signal S2 in FR1, FR2, or FR3, such as information related to the timing and / or resources of signal S2 transmission, such as PRACH preamble / PRACH timing, or on / off keying (OOK) signals or WUS or LP WUS associated with the S1 signal index or S3 signal index.

[0194] In one example, S3 can consist of one or more of the following:

[0195] - Signals or channels(s) used for UE time and / or frequency synchronization and to identify one or more beams for communication between the UE and the network. For example, these can be signals such as or similar to the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS).

[0196] - Multiple signals or channels used to provide physical cell identification.

[0197] - Multiple signals or channels used to provide system information. For example, these can be channels such as or similar to the PBCH (which provides the Master Information Block (MIB)) and the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) (which provides the System Information Block (SIB), such as SIB1).

[0198] - Signals that identify one or more beams used for communication between the UE and the network. For example, these can be reference signals such as Channel State Information Reference Signals (CSI-RS), where CSI-RS can be used for tracking purposes (e.g., time and / or frequency tracking) and are therefore called Tracking Reference Signals (TRS), or CSI-RS can be used for beam management purposes and are therefore called Beam Management CSI-RS, or CSI-RS can be used for channel state information acquisition purposes and are therefore called Channel State Information CSI-RS.

[0199] In one example, system information for carrier frequency 2 (e.g., FR2 or FR3) in which S3 is transmitted is provided or associated with S3. In another example, system information for carrier frequency 2 (e.g., FR2 or FR3) in which S3 is transmitted is provided or associated with S1. In yet another example, system information for carrier frequency 2 (e.g., FR2 or FR3) in which S3 is transmitted is provided or associated with either S1 or S3. In one example, the UE acquires system information for carrier frequency 2 (e.g., FR2 or FR3) in which S3 is transmitted based on the signal associated with S1 until the UE has performed initial access or beam acquisition on the carrier associated with S3 (e.g., carrier frequency 2). After the UE has performed initial access or acquired beam on the carrier associated with S3 (e.g., carrier frequency 2), the UE acquires system information for carrier frequency 2 (e.g., FR2 or FR3) in which S3 is transmitted based on the signal associated with S3. In one example, a first portion of the system information for the carrier frequency 2 (e.g., FR2 or FR3) transmitting S3 is provided with or associated with S1, and a second portion of the system information for the carrier frequency 2 (e.g., FR2 or FR3) transmitting S3 is provided with or associated with S3. In one example, the system information may include information that associates the S3 index with UL transmission resources / timing (e.g., PRACH preamble index and / or PRACH preamble timing or OOK signal or WUS or LP WUS), wherein the UL transmission is on carrier frequency 2 (e.g., FR2 or FR3).

[0200] In one example, S3 includes signals or channels(s) used for UE time and / or frequency synchronization and to identify one or more beams for communication between the UE and the network. For example, these can be signals such as or similar to a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS). In one example, this could be referred to as a low-power (LP) signal, such as LP-SS. In another example, S3 includes signals used to identify one or more beams for communication between the UE and the network. For example, these can be reference signals such as a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS).

[0201] In one example, the S3 index may be determined by the PSS and / or SSS associated with S3. In another example, the S3 index may be determined by the CSI-RS (e.g., CSI-RS ID) associated with S3.

[0202] Figure 13 An example of a signal structure 1300 for transmitting a signal in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, the signal structure 1300 may be composed of... Figure 1 The gNB 102 implementation is described above. This example is for illustrative purposes only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0203] In one example, S3 can be sent from the gNB without triggering or requesting from the UE. In another example, S3 is triggered by another UE. In yet another example, S3 is sent by the gNB without triggering or requesting from the UE. In a single example, the gNB can send both S1 and S3, as shown below. Figure 13 As shown in Figures 12A and 12B, and Figures 12C and 12D, S3 is transmitted using a signal structure and offset To and / or period Tp and / or using N transmission opportunities and / or multiple indices. The auxiliary information included in S1 provides the UE with information about the S3 transmission instances and S3 transmission indices, as described above, for example, S1 includes parameters related to the S3 structure and / or Tp and / or N and / or frequency domain parameters. This can help the UE perform beam scanning across S3 transmission instances and S3 transmission indices.

[0204] Figure 14 , Figure 15 and Figure 16 According to embodiments of this disclosure, exemplary signals with structures 1400, 1500, and 1600 for transmitting signals in a wireless communication system are shown respectively. For example, signal structures 1400, 1500, and 1600 can all be derived from… Figure 1 This can be implemented using either gNB 102 or UE 111-116. These examples are for illustrative purposes only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0205] In one example, S3 is transmitted in response to a trigger or request from the UE, or to a WUS or LP WUS (e.g., in response to signal S2). In one example, S3 is transmitted using a signal structure and offset To and / or periodicity Tp and / or using N transmission opportunities, as previously described and as shown in Figure 12A. In one example, as described above, parameters related to the S3 structure and / or Tp and / or N and / or S3 index are included in S1. In one example, To is relative to S2, as... Figure 14 As shown. In one example, To is relative to S1, for example, as Figure 15 The example shown is an instance of S1 associated with a trigger or request signal (S2) from the UE, or in another example, such as Figure 16 The example shown is S1 following a trigger or request signal from the UE. Figure 15 In this context, S3 occurs after the corresponding S1 instance, and the first S3 instance occurs after S2 (e.g., subject to processing delay). Figure 16In this context, S3 occurs after the corresponding S1 instance, and the first S3 instance occurs after the first S1 instance that occurs after S2 (e.g., subject to processing delay).

[0206] Figure 17 An example of a signal transmission process 1700 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, process 1700 may be performed by... Figure 1 This can be implemented using either gNB 102 or UE 111-116. This example is for illustrative purposes only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0207] In one example, such as Figure 17 As shown,

[0208] -gNB transmits S1 on carrier frequency 1. S1 may include information related to S3.

[0209] - The UE can receive S1 to obtain information about S3.

[0210] -gNB transmits signal S3 on carrier frequency 2.

[0211] - The UE uses signal S3 to perform beam acquisition on carrier frequency 2.

[0212] In one example, the gNB transmits S1 on carrier frequency 1. In another example, the signal may include initial information about other available carriers or frequency bands, as well as timing and / or structural and / or frequency information about S3.

[0213] In one example, the UE receives S1 on carrier frequency 1 and uses this signal for time and / or frequency synchronization and / or to obtain the physical cell identifier. In another example, the UE obtains first information about S3 timing and / or structure and / or frequency information.

[0214] In one example, the UE can send signal S0 to trigger the transmission of S1. In one example, S0 is on carrier frequency 1.

[0215] In one example, the gNB transmits signal S3 (e.g., for synchronization and / or beam acquisition) on carrier frequency 2, which may be transmitted based on first information.

[0216] In one example, the UE uses signal S3 for beamforming on carrier frequency 2. The network identifies the S3 index. In one example, the identified S3 index corresponds to an S3 signal with an RSRP or SINR exceeding a threshold. In another example, the identified S3 index corresponds to an S3 signal with the maximum RSRP or SINR. As described above, the UE transmits the UL signal or channel (e.g., PRACH, WUS, or LP-WUS) corresponding to the S3 index based on system information provided by the network. The spatial domain filter associated with the identified S3 signal is used for subsequent transmissions from the network to the UE on carrier frequency 2 (e.g., DL transmission). The spatial domain filter associated with the UL signal or channel is used for subsequent transmissions from the UE to the network on carrier frequency 2 (e.g., UL transmission). Spatial domain filters are used until a new spatial domain filter or beam, or TCI state or spatial relationship is configured, activated, or indicated to the UE for DL ​​and UL transmissions, respectively.

[0217] In one example, the first information provided in S1 includes timing information for S3, such as Ts, To, and Tp in Figure 12A. For example, the first information provides a synchronization signal measurement time configuration window or a reference signal measurement time configuration window for S3, during which the UE can search for or attempt to receive S3.

[0218] In one example, the first information provided in S1 includes the signal structure and timing information of S3, as shown in Figure 12A. For example, this could include an instance or index of a synchronization signal (or reference signal) being transmitted and its timing and / or frequency information, or it could include an instance or index of a synchronization signal (or reference signal) not being transmitted. Bits can also indicate whether the first information is for a transmitted or non-transmitted synchronization signal (or reference signal) instance or index, allowing NW to select information that results in less signaling overhead (fewer bits).

[0219] Figures 18A and 18B respectively illustrate examples of signal transmission processes 1800 and 1850 in a wireless communication system according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, processes 1800 and 1850 can both be performed by... Figure 1 This can be implemented using either gNB 102 or UE 111-116. These examples are for illustrative purposes only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0220] In one example, as shown in Figures 18A and 18B,

[0221] -gNB transmits S1 on carrier frequency 1.

[0222] - The UE receives S1 on carrier frequency 1, uses the signal for time and / or frequency synchronization and / or to obtain the physical cell identifier, and may obtain the timing and / or resources for the transmission of S2.

[0223] - The UE sends a trigger or request (signal S2) to the network for transmission on carrier frequency 2. In one example, S2 is sent on carrier frequency 1. In another example, S2 is sent on carrier frequency 2.

[0224] -gNB receives signal S2.

[0225] - In response to signal S2, the gNB transmits signal S3 on carrier frequency 2. In one example shown in Figure 18B, the gNB may update the information provided by signal S1 or transmit another signal (e.g., a second S1, S1') to include information about S3 (e.g., when S2 is transmitted on carrier frequency 1). In one example, the gNB may transmit a UE-specific signal including information about S3. In one example, the gNB may transmit a UE-public signal including information about S3 (for all UEs in the cell or for a group of UEs). In one example, the UE receives information about signal S3 (e.g., signal S1 or S1' in Figure 18B).

[0226] - The UE uses signal S3 to perform beam acquisition on carrier frequency 2.

[0227] In one example, the gNB transmits S1 on carrier frequency 1. In another example, the signal may include initial information about other available carriers or frequency bands.

[0228] In one example, the UE receives S1 on carrier frequency 1 and uses the signal for time and / or frequency synchronization and / or for initial beam acquisition and / or acquiring the physical cell identifier. In one example, the network provides information about the timing and structure of signal S2 transmitted from the UE. In one example, the network indicates multiple spatial filters for the transmission of signal S2. In one example, the network indicates multiple transmission timings and multiple transmission resources for signal S2. In one example, the network indicates the association of multiple spatial filters (e.g., based on multiple S1 indices or multiple S3 indices) with multiple transmission timings and multiple resources for signal S2. In one example, the network indicates a path loss adjustment factor, for example, that may be indicated in the information provided in S1. In one example, signal S2 is transmitted at a frequency in carrier frequency 1 or FR1, or at the carrier frequency of signal S1. In one example, signal S2 is transmitted at a frequency in carrier frequency 2, or FR2 or FR3, or at the carrier frequency of signal S3.

[0229] In one example, the UE sends a trigger or request or WUS (signal S2) to the network for transmission on carrier frequency 2. In another example, carrier frequency 2 is included in the first information from the gNB.

[0230] In one example, in response to a trigger or request from the UE, the gNB transmits signal S3 on carrier frequency 2 (e.g., for synchronization and / or initial beam acquisition).

[0231] In one example, in response to a trigger or request from the UE, the gNB updates signal S1 with information about S3 (if not already included), or sends a second signal S1' containing information about S3. The transmission may use UE-common (e.g., cell-specific) signaling or UE-specific (e.g., UE-specific) signaling.

[0232] In one example, the UE uses signal S3 for beamforming on carrier frequency 2. The network identifies the S3 index. In one example, the identified S3 index corresponds to an S3 signal with an RSRP or SINR exceeding a threshold. In another example, the identified S3 index corresponds to an S3 signal with the maximum RSRP or SINR. As described above, the UE transmits the UL signal or channel (e.g., PRACH, WUS, or LP-WUS) corresponding to the S3 index based on system information provided by the network. The spatial domain filter associated with the identified S3 signal is used for subsequent transmissions from the network to the UE on carrier frequency 2 (e.g., DL transmission). The spatial domain filter associated with the UL signal or channel is used for subsequent transmissions from the UE to the network on carrier frequency 2 (e.g., UL transmission). Spatial domain filters are used until a new spatial domain filter or beam, or TCI state or spatial relationship is configured, activated, or indicated to the UE for DL ​​and UL transmissions, respectively.

[0233] In one example, the first information provided in S1 or S1' includes timing information for S3, such as Ts, To, and Tp in Figures 12 and 12B, and Figures 12C and 12D. For example, the first information provides a synchronization signal measurement time configuration window or a reference signal measurement time configuration window for S3, during which the UE can search for or attempt to receive S3. For example, the first information also provides PRACH resource configuration or WUS or LP-WUS resource configuration, or generally provides a configuration for transmitting a channel or signal on carrier frequency 2. In one example, this configuration is used for signal S2. In one example, this configuration is used for transmissions from the UE after receiving S3, for example, as part of initial access or beamforming on a frequency in carrier frequency 2 or FR2, or on the carrier frequency of signal S3.

[0234] In one example, the first information provided in S1 includes the signal structure and timing information of S3, as well as the frequency information, as shown in Figures 12A, 12B, 12C, and 12D. For example, this may include instances of synchronization or reference signals (e.g., CSI-RS) being transmitted and their timing and / or frequency information.

[0235] Figure 19 An example of signal transmission 1900 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, signal transmission 1900 may be provided by... Figure 1 The gNB 102 implementation is described above. This example is for illustrative purposes only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0236] like Figure 19 As shown, in one example, the network (e.g., gNB) can determine the spatial orientation of the UE and transmit an S3 signal index corresponding to the spatial filter associated with that spatial orientation. Figure 19 In this context, the network (e.g., eNB) can determine the spatial orientation of the UE and determine and transmit the indexes of S3 (e.g., a synchronization signal or reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS) on the carrier frequency of carrier frequency 2, FR2, or FR3) associated with that spatial orientation. Figure 19 In the examples, these are S3_0, S3_1, S3_2, S3_22, and S3_23. In one example, the sent S3 index may be included in the associated S1 or S1' information.

[0237] In one example, based on S2, the network (e.g., gNB) can determine the spatial orientation of the UE and send an S3 signal index corresponding to that spatial orientation.

[0238] - In one example, the UE provides information in the S2 signal to help the network determine the UE's spatial orientation. In one example, the auxiliary information may include UE positioning information. In one example, the positioning information may be RAT-dependent information, for example, based on RAT-dependent positioning measurements. In one example, the positioning information may be RAT-independent positioning information, for example, based on Global Positioning System (GPS) position or Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) measurements. The IMU may consist of sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers. In one example, the auxiliary information may be RSRP or SINR measurements of S1. In one example, the auxiliary information may be RSRP or SINR measurements of S1 and associated S1 indices. In one example, the auxiliary information may be RSRP or SINR measurements of S1 from the cell from which it determined or sent S2. In one example, the auxiliary information may be RSRP or SINR measurements of multiple S1 indices from the cell from which it determined or sent S2. In one example, the auxiliary information may be RSRP or SINR measurements of S1 from neighboring cells.

[0239] - In one example, the network can determine the direction of arrival of signal S2 based on its implementation, and thus determine the spatial orientation of the UE.

[0240] - In one example, the UE has a known location (e.g., for a fixed UE such as a meter reader). In another example, location information is configured in the UE and provided to the network by the UE. In yet another example, the UE provides a UE ID, and the UE's location is configured in the network and determined based on the UE ID.

[0241] In one example, signal S2 consists of a single UL transmission from the UE. In another example, signal S2 consists of a single UL transmission from the UE comprising one part / stage. In yet another example, signal S2 consists of a single UL transmission from the UE comprising a first part / stage and a second part / stage. In yet another example, signal S2 consists of a single UL transmission from the UE comprising a first part / stage and a second part / stage, and the first part / stage includes information about the second part / stage (e.g., payload size and / or modulation coding scheme and / or resources). In yet another example, signal S2 consists of a single UL transmission from the UE comprising N parts / stages. In yet another example, signal S2 consists of a single UL transmission from the UE comprising N parts / stages, and part / stage i includes information about part / stage j, where j > i.

[0242] In one example, signal S2 consists of multiple (e.g., N, where N>1) UL transmissions from the UE. In one example, N=2. In one example, the first UL transmission includes a first part / stage, and the second UL transmission includes a second part / stage, and the third UL transmission includes a third part / stage, ... In one example, the first UL transmission includes a first part / stage, and the second UL transmission includes a second part / stage, and the first part / stage includes information about the second part / stage (e.g., the presence of the second part / stage and / or payload size and / or modulation and coding scheme and / or resources). In one example, signal S2 consists of N UL transmissions from the UE, and UL transmission i includes information about UL transmission j (e.g., the presence of UL transmission j and / or payload size and / or modulation and coding scheme and / or resources), where j>i.

[0243] In one example, signal S2 consists of multiple (e.g., N, where N>1) UL transmissions from the UE. In one example, in response to UL transmission i, the network sends a signal or channel providing acknowledgment. In one example, in response to UL transmission i, the network sends a signal or channel providing acknowledgment, and the acknowledgment includes information about UL transmission j (e.g., the presence of UL transmission j and / or payload size and / or modulation and coding scheme and / or resources), where j>i.

[0244] In one example, the UL transmission can be a random access preamble signal. In another example, the UL transmission can be a random access preamble signal followed by a subsequent UL transmission, such as a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission. In one example, the UL transmission can be a random access preamble signal, and if the UE receives an acknowledgment (e.g., a random access response), the UE can send a subsequent UL transmission, such as a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). In another example, the UL transmission can be a random access preamble signal, and if the UE receives an acknowledgment (e.g., a random access response), the acknowledgment provides information about a subsequent UL transmission from the UE (e.g., the presence and / or payload size and / or modulation and coding scheme and / or resources), and if a subsequent UL transmission exists, the UE can send the subsequent UL transmission. In one example, the subsequent UL response can be a PUCCH. In another example, the subsequent UL response can be an SRS. In another example, the subsequent UL response can be a PRACH. In another example, the subsequent UL response can be an OOK signal.

[0245] In one example, a UL transmission can be an on / off keying (OOK) signal, a WUS, or an LP WUS. In one example, a UL transmission can be an OOK signal followed by a subsequent UL transmission (e.g., a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission). In one example, a UL transmission can be an OOK signal, and if the UE receives an acknowledgment (e.g., an OOK response), the UE can send a subsequent UL transmission, such as a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). In one example, a UL transmission can be an OOK signal, and if the UE receives an acknowledgment (e.g., an OOK response), the acknowledgment provides information about a subsequent UL transmission from the UE (e.g., the presence and / or payload size and / or modulation and coding scheme and / or resources), and if a subsequent UL transmission exists, the UE can send the subsequent UL transmission. In one example, a subsequent UL response can be a PUCCH. In one example, a subsequent UL response can be an SRS. In one example, a subsequent UL response can be a PRACH. In one example, a subsequent UL response can be an OOK signal.

[0246] In one example, a UL transmission can be a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). In one example, a UL transmission can be a PUCCH followed by a subsequent UL transmission, such as a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission. In one example, a UL transmission can be a PUCCH signal, and if the UE receives an acknowledgment (e.g., a PUCCH response), the UE can send a subsequent UL transmission, such as a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). In one example, a UL transmission can be a PUCCH, and if the UE receives an acknowledgment (e.g., a PUCCH response), the acknowledgment provides information about a subsequent UL transmission from the UE (e.g., the presence and / or payload size and / or modulation and coding scheme and / or resources), and if a subsequent UL transmission exists, the UE can send the subsequent UL transmission. In one example, a subsequent UL response can be a PUCCH. In one example, a subsequent UL response can be an SRS. In one example, a subsequent UL response can be a PRACH. In one example, a subsequent UL response can be an OOK signal.

[0247] In one example, a UL transmission can be a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS). In one example, a UL transmission can be an SRS followed by a subsequent UL transmission, such as a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission. In one example, a UL transmission can be an SRS signal, and if the UE receives an acknowledgment (e.g., an SRS response), the UE can send a subsequent UL transmission, such as a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). In one example, a UL transmission can be an SRS, and if the UE receives an acknowledgment (e.g., an SRS response), the acknowledgment provides information about a subsequent UL transmission from the UE (e.g., the presence and / or payload size and / or modulation and coding scheme and / or resources), and if a subsequent UL transmission exists, the UE can send a subsequent UL transmission. In one example, a subsequent UL response can be a PUCCH. In one example, a subsequent UL response can be an SRS. In one example, a subsequent UL response can be a PRACH. In one example, a subsequent UL response can be an OOK signal.

[0248] In one example, the UL transmission can be a first PUSCH. In one example, the UL transmission can be a first PUSCH followed by a subsequent UL transmission, such as a second Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission. In one example, the UL transmission can be a first PUSCH, and if the UE receives an acknowledgment (e.g., a first PUSCH response), the UE can send a subsequent UL transmission, such as a second Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). In one example, the UL transmission can be a first PUSCH, and if the UE receives an acknowledgment (e.g., a first PUSCH response), the acknowledgment provides information about subsequent UL transmissions from the UE (e.g., the presence and / or payload size and / or modulation and coding scheme and / or resources), and if subsequent UL transmissions exist, the UE can send subsequent UL transmissions. In one example, the subsequent UL response can be a PUCCH. In one example, the subsequent UL response can be an SRS. In one example, the subsequent UL response can be a PRACH. In one example, the subsequent UL response can be an OOK signal.

[0249] In one example, the UL transmission can be an uplink signal (WUS) or a low-power WUS (LP-WUS). In one example, the WUS can be transmitted by a low-power radio in the UE. In one example, the UE has both a low-power radio and a primary radio. In one example, the WUS can be transmitted by the primary radio in the UE. In one example, the UE has a primary radio but no low-power radio. In one example, the WUS or LP-WUS is received by a low-power receiver or radio in the base station, where the low-power receiver or radio can wake up the primary radio in the base station. In one example, the WUS or LP-WUS is received by the primary radio in the base station. In one example, the UL transmission can be a WUS or LP-WUS, followed by subsequent UL transmissions, such as a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission. In one example, the PUSCH transmission can be transmitted by the primary radio, and in another example, the PUSCH transmission can be transmitted by a low-power radio. In one example, the PUSCH is received by the primary radio in the base station. In one example, the UL transmission can be WUS or LP-WUS, and if the UE receives an acknowledgment (e.g., a WUS response), the UE can send a subsequent UL transmission, such as the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). In one example, the PUSCH transmission can be sent by the primary radio; in another example, the PUSCH transmission can be sent by a low-power radio. In one example, the PUSCH is received by the primary radio in the base station. In another example, the UL transmission can be WUS or LP-WUS, and if the UE receives an acknowledgment (e.g., a WUS response), the acknowledgment provides information about subsequent UL transmissions from the UE (e.g., the presence and / or payload size and / or modulation and coding scheme and / or resources), and if a subsequent UL transmission exists, the UE can send the subsequent UL transmission. In one example, the subsequent UL transmission can be sent by the primary radio; in another example, the subsequent UL transmission can be sent by a low-power radio. In one example, the PUSCH is received by the primary radio in the base station. In one example, WUS, LP-WUS, PUSCH, or subsequent UL transmissions can be received by a low-power radio in the gNB. In one example, WUS or LP-WUS or PUSCH or subsequent UL transmissions can be received by the main power radio in the gNB. In one example, the response to WUS or LP-WUS can be transmitted by the low power radio in the gNB. In one example, the response to WUS or LP-WUS can be transmitted by the main power radio in the gNB. In one example, the response to WUS or LP-WUS can be received by the low power radio in the UE. In one example, the response to WUS or LP-WUS can be received by the main power radio in the UE. In one example, the gNB has both a low power radio and a main radio.In one example, the gNB has a main radio but no low-power radio. In one example, the subsequent UL response could be PUCCH. In one example, the subsequent UL response could be SRS. In one example, the subsequent UL response could be PRACH. In one example, the subsequent UL response could be an OOK signal.

[0250] In the previous example, the random access preamble or OOK signal or PUCCH or SRS or first PUSCH or WUS or LP-WUS signal can be replaced by one or more of the following:

[0251] -Reference signal

[0252] - Reference signal scrambled by UE-specific identifier

[0253] -UL control channel

[0254] -Including UL control channels with UE-specific identifiers

[0255] -UL shared channel

[0256] - UL shared channel including UE-specific identifier

[0257] In one example, the timing of the S2 transmission is relative to the S1 signal. In another example, the timing of the S2 transmission is provided by the S1 signal, for example, this could be a timing offset relative to S1.

[0258] In one example, the S1 signal includes multiple synchronization signal indices, referred to as the S1 index, and the UE selects the S1 index based on the following:

[0259] - The S1 index with the highest RSRP.

[0260] - The S1 index with the highest SINR.

[0261] - An S1 index with RSRPs above a threshold, where the threshold can be provided by system information included in or associated with S1.

[0262] - An S1 index with an SINR higher than a threshold, where the threshold may be provided by system information included in or associated with S1.

[0263] In one example, the timing of the S2 transmission is relative to the selected S1 signal index. In another example, the timing of the S1 transmission is provided by the S1 signal, which may be, for example, a timing offset relative to the selected S1 index, and / or dependent on the selected S1 index.

[0264] In one example, S2 is transmitted in the same frequency band or carrier frequency as S1. In one example, the starting RB (or subcarrier) and / or the number of RBs (or subcarriers) of S2 are included in the system information associated with S1. In one example, the starting RB (or subcarrier) and / or the number of RBs (or subcarriers) of S2 may depend on the selected S1 index. In one example, the number of RBs (or subcarriers) of S2 is defined in the system specification. In one example, the target received power of S2 is indicated in the system information associated with S1. In one example, the maximum number of S2 transmissions that the UE may not receive acknowledgments of is indicated in the system information associated with S1.

[0265] In one example, S2 is transmitted in the same frequency band or carrier frequency as S3. In one example, the starting RB (or subcarrier) and / or the number of RBs (or subcarriers) for S2 are included in the system information associated with S1. In one example, the starting RB (or subcarrier) and / or the number of RBs (or subcarriers) for S2 may depend on the selected S1 index. In one example, the number of RBs (or subcarriers) for S2 is defined in the system specification. In one example, the target received power of S2 is indicated in the system information associated with S1. In one example, the maximum number of S2 transmissions that the UE may not receive acknowledgments for is indicated in the system information associated with S1.

[0266] In one example, S2 is transmitted in the frequency band or carrier frequency included in the system information associated with S1. In one example, the starting RB (or subcarrier) and / or the number of RBs (or subcarriers) of S2 are included in the system information associated with S1. In one example, the starting RB (or subcarrier) and / or the number of RBs (or subcarriers) of S2 may depend on the selected S1 index. In one example, the number of RBs (or subcarriers) of S2 is defined in the system specification. In one example, the target received power of S2 is indicated in the system information associated with S1. In one example, the maximum number of S2 transmissions that the UE may not receive an acknowledgment of is indicated in the system information associated with S1.

[0267] In one example, the content of the S2 signal from the UE to the network may include one or more of the following information:

[0268] - Information related to the UE's location.

[0269] - Information related to RSRP or SINR measurements of the S1 signal. This can include measurements from the cell used to determine S2 and measurements of S1 from neighboring cells. This can include the S1 index and the corresponding RSRP or SINR measurement. In one example, measurements of RSRP or SINR exceeding a threshold are provided. In one example, up to N RSRP or SINR measurements are provided. In one example, measurements of RSRP or SINR from up to M cells are provided. In one example, a threshold or N or M is provided in the system information associated with S1.

[0270] - Information related to UE capabilities.

[0271] - Information related to the services (or data) to be provided by the UE, such as data volume, data throughput, latency requirements, QoS requirements, etc.

[0272] Figure 20 An example of signal transmission 2000 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, signal transmission 2000 can be implemented by any of gNB 102 and UE 111-116. This example is for illustration only, and other embodiments can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0273] like Figure 20 As shown, in one example, S1 and S3 are sent from the same TRP or base station or from TRPs that are very close to each other.

[0274] Figures 21A and 21B illustrate examples of signal transmissions 2100 and 2150 in a wireless communication system according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, signal transmissions 2100 and 2150 may each be implemented in any of one or more gNB 102 and UEs 111-116. These examples are for illustrative purposes only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0275] In one example, S1 and S3 are transmitted from different TRPs or different base stations. As shown in Figure 21A, S2 is sent to the same TRP or base station as the one that transmitted S1. In one example, S1 is transmitted from a first base station. The UE transmits signal S2 to the first base station, and based on S2, the first and second base stations exchange information to determine the signal S3 to be transmitted from the second base station. In one example, S1 may include timing and / or structure information about S3. In one example, the UE may receive S1 to obtain timing information about S3. The UE receives S3 for initial beam acquisition on the second base station.

[0276] As shown in Figure 21B, in one example, a coverage area is covered by one base station (e.g., B1) for carrier frequency 1 (e.g., in FR1) and by multiple base stations (e.g., C1, C2, ...) for carrier frequency 2 (e.g., FR2 or FR3). The UE transmits signal S2 to base station B1 on FR1. Based on the information obtained from signal S2, the network can activate or configure the base stations(s) adjacent to the UE on carrier frequency 2 to transmit S3, as shown in Figure 21B.

[0277] Figure 22 An example of signal transmission 2200 in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, signal transmission 2200 may be implemented by one or more gNBs and any of the UEs 111-116. This example is for illustration only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0278] In one example, S1 and S3 are sent from different TRPs or different base stations. Figure 22 As shown, S2 is sent to the same TRP or base station as the one that sent S3. In one example, S1 is sent from a first base station. System information associated with S1 can provide information about the reception window of a second base station for S2. The UE sends signal S2 to the second base station, and based on S2, the second base station sends S3. In one example, S1 may include information about timing and / or structure and / or frequency information about S3 and / or S2. The UE receives S3 for initial beam acquisition.

[0279] In one example, to acquire a beam on carrier frequency 2 (e.g., in FR2 or FR3), the UE can:

[0280] - Identify the S3 index. In one example, the S3 index is the S3 index with the maximum RSRP or SINR. In another example, the S3 index is the S3 index that exceeds a threshold. In one example, the threshold is provided by system information associated with S1. In yet another example, the threshold is provided by system information associated with S3.

[0281] - Based on the selected S3 index, identify or select the UL transmission associated with the S3 index. In one example, the UL transmission may be a PRACH preamble (or OOK+PRACH). In one example, the UL transmission is a PRACH preamble and PUSCH transmission. In one example, the UL transmission is SRS (or PRACH+SRS or OOK (WUS or LP-WUS)+SRS). In one example, the UL transmission is PUCCH (or PRACH+PUCCH or OOK (WUS or LP-WUS)+PUCCH). In one example, the UL transmission is PUSCH (or PRACH+PUSCH or OOK (WUS or LP-WUS)+PUSCH). In one example, the UL transmission is an uplink signal (WUS) or LP-WUS. In one example, the UL transmission is an OOK signal (or PRACH+OOK). In one example, the association information between the S3 index and the UL transmission resource / timing is provided by the system information associated with S1. In one example, the association information between the S3 index and the UL transmission resource / timing is provided by the system information associated with S3. In one example, the UL transmission resource / timing is the PRACH preamble and the associated PRACH timing.

[0282] - In one example, the beam associated with the selected S3 index and the beam associated with UL signal transmission (e.g., UL transmission following a PRACH preamble or PRACH preamble) are the corresponding DL and UL beams for subsequent DL receive / transmit and UL transmit / receive on carrier frequency 2. Beams are used until a new spatial domain filter or beam, or a TCI state or spatial relationship is configured, activated, or indicated to the UE for DL ​​and UL transmissions, respectively.

[0283] Figure 23 An example of method 2300 performed by a UE in a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 23 Method 2300 can be derived from Figure 1 Any of UE 111-116 (such as Figure 3 The UE 116) is executed, and the corresponding method can be performed by Figure 1 Any of BS 101-103 (such as Figure 2 The method is performed according to BS 102. Method 2300 is for illustrative purposes only, and other embodiments may be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0284] Method 2300 begins with the UE receiving one or more first communication elements from a first cell (2310). The UE then determines resources for a second communication element based on information from the first or more communication elements (2320). The UE then transmits the second communication element based on the determined resources (2330). In various embodiments, the second communication element is a PRACH.

[0285] Then, the UE receives a third or more communication elements from the second cell after a time T from the second communication element (2340). For example, in 2340, the third or more communication elements and the time T are based on information from the first cell. In various embodiments, the reception of the third or more communication elements is based on information from the first or more communication elements. In various embodiments, the third or more communication elements are CSI-RS. In various embodiments, reception from the first cell is based on a first carrier frequency, and reception from the second cell is based on a second carrier frequency. In various embodiments, the second communication element is sent to the second cell operating in the second carrier frequency.

[0286] Then, the UE identifies a spatial domain filter (2350) for receiving from the second cell and a spatial domain filter for transmitting to the second cell based on a third or more communication elements. In various embodiments, a second communication element is transmitted to a first cell operating in a first carrier frequency, the UE receives a fourth or more communication elements from the first cell, and the reception of the third or more communication elements is based on information in the fourth or more communication elements.

[0287] Any of the above-described variant embodiments can be used independently or in combination with at least one other variant embodiment. Although the accompanying drawings illustrate different examples of user equipment, various changes can be made to the drawings. For example, the user equipment can include any number of each component in any suitable arrangement. Generally, the drawings do not limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular configuration. Furthermore, while the drawings illustrate operating environments in which various user equipment features disclosed in this patent document can be used, these features can be used in any other suitable system.

[0288] Although this disclosure has been described using exemplary embodiments, various changes and modifications may be suggested to those skilled in the art. This disclosure is intended to cover such changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Nothing described in this application should be construed as implying that any particular element, step, or function is an essential element that must be included within the scope of the claims. The scope of the patent subject matter is defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE) in a communication system, the UE comprising: transceiver; and A controller, coupled to the transceiver and configured to: At least one first signal is received from a first cell, wherein the at least one first signal includes information of a second signal and a time T associated with at least one third signal. Information identification based on the second signal is used for resources related to the second signal. Send a second signal based on the identified resources. After a time T from the identified resource, at least one third signal is received from the second cell based on the second signal, and Based on at least one third signal, a spatial domain filter for receiving from the second cell and a spatial domain filter for transmitting to the second cell are identified.

2. The UE according to claim 1, wherein: At least one first signal is received from a first cell operating in a first carrier frequency. The second signal is sent to the second cell operating in the second carrier frequency, and At least one third signal is received from a second cell operating on the second carrier frequency.

3. The UE according to claim 1, wherein: The reception of at least one third signal is based on information in the first signal. The second signal is sent to the first cell operating in the first carrier frequency. The controller is also configured to receive at least one fourth signal from the first cell, and At least one third signal is received based on information from at least one fourth signal.

4. The UE according to claim 1, wherein, The second signal is the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), and Among them, at least one third signal is the Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS).

5. A base station (BS), the BS comprising: transceiver; and A controller, coupled to the transceiver and configured to: At least one first signal is transmitted on the first cell, wherein the at least one first signal includes information for a second signal and a time T associated with at least one third signal. Receive the second signal. Based on the second signal, resources on the second cell for at least one third signal are identified, and Based on the identified resource, at least one third signal is sent based on the time T from the identified resource.

6. The BS according to claim 5, wherein: At least one first signal is transmitted on a first cell operating at the first carrier frequency. The second signal is received on the second cell operating in the second carrier frequency. At least the third signal is transmitted on the second cell operating in the second carrier frequency, and The first and second residential areas are not geographically co-located.

7. The BS according to claim 5, wherein: The first signal includes information about resources used for at least one third signal. The second signal is received on the first cell operating in the first carrier frequency. The controller is also configured to transmit at least one fourth signal on the first cell, and At least one fourth signal includes information about at least one second signal.

8. The BS according to claim 5, wherein, At least one third signal is the Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS). The second signal is the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH).

9. A method performed by a user equipment (UE) in a communication system, the method comprising: At least one first signal is received from a first cell, wherein the at least one first signal includes information of a second signal and a time T associated with at least one third signal; Information identification based on the second signal is used to identify resources for the second signal; Send a second signal based on the identified resources; After a time T from the identified resource, at least one third signal is received from the second cell based on the second signal; and Based on at least one third signal, a spatial domain filter for receiving from the second cell and a spatial domain filter for transmitting to the second cell are identified.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: At least one first signal is received from a first cell operating in a first carrier frequency. The second signal is sent to the second cell operating in the second carrier frequency, and At least one third signal is received from a second cell operating on the second carrier frequency.

11. The method of claim 9, further comprising: Receive at least one fourth signal from the first cell. In this process, the reception of at least one third signal is based on information from the first signal. The second signal is transmitted to the first cell operating in the first carrier frequency, and In this process, at least one third signal is received based on information from at least one fourth signal.

12. The UE according to claim 9, wherein, The second signal is the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), and Among them, at least one third signal is the Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS).

13. A method performed by a base station (BS) in a communication system, the method comprising: At least one first signal is transmitted on the first cell, wherein the at least one first signal includes information about a second signal and a time T associated with at least one third signal. Receive the second signal. Based on the second signal, identify resources on the second cell for at least one third signal, and Based on the identified resource, at least one third signal is sent based on the time T from the identified resource.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein: At least one first signal is transmitted on a first cell operating at the first carrier frequency. The second signal is received on the second cell operating in the second carrier frequency. At least the third signal is transmitted on the second cell operating in the second carrier frequency, and The first and second residential areas are not geographically co-located.

15. The method of claim 13, further comprising: Send at least one fourth signal on the first cell. in: The first signal includes information about resources used for at least one third signal. The second signal is received on the first cell operating in the first carrier frequency. At least one fourth signal includes information about at least one second signal. At least one third signal is the Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS). The second signal is the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH).

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